SK1342016U1 - Device for safe flow of specific gases in pipeline and method for security of this safe flow - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for the safe flow of specific gases in the pipelines consists of an outer casing (13) which surrounds the piping (11) over its entire length and consists of base frames (1) which are rigidly connected to each other and top covers attached to them. (2). The conduit (11) is placed inside the outer casing (13) on rollers (3) which are fixedly fixed to the bottom of the outer casing (13) or the rollers (3) are movably mounted on the rails (4). Two tubing (18a), (18b) extending from the outer casing (13) out of the outer casing (13), one of which leads to a low-pressure compressor (5) and the other having a T-shape, one of which is one the branch leads to an electronic pressure analyzer (6a) and the second branch leads to a mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) with electrical outputs (12) and an electronic pressure analyzer (6a) and a mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) are connected to the control system (20).

Description

The present invention relates to a device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes and to a method for providing such a safe flow.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In 1992 the utility model CN2140011Y was filed in the People's Republic of China, which dealt with a device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes. Gas leakage in this equipment was recorded using an analytical gas leak detector. The shut-off valves were operated via a cable transmission which was guided to the electric motor winch.

In addition, utility models CN2517955Y were filed in 2002, and in 2013 CN203131428U describing the pipes submerged in a tight water tank, and through increased water pressure in a given closed system, after the gas leaked from the pipe, the flow in the pipe through the generated electric signal stopped.

Various gas detectors are now available which include a metering head - i.e. active ingredient that recognizes foreign matter in the air in a given space. The measuring heads are also divided according to the type of gas identified into measuring heads for:

(a) explosive gases

(b) toxic gases

(c) other gases.

According to the measuring principle, the measuring heads are divided into:

a) infrared - two infrared beams are emitted from a given head, where one beam is a measuring beam and passes through the space containing the gas to be measured, the other through a reference chamber with a known gas. Both beams hit the metal membrane, where they compare and analyze each other - then they are electrically evaluated;

b) ionisation - in the combustion chamber, a hydrogen flame burns from a pressure vessel (a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen) with air. If hydrocarbons are present in the air, the electrical conductivity of the flame will increase. This change is converted to an output electrical signal;

(c) interferometers - these devices measure and detect gases using light interference and refractive index measurements in space;

d) catalytic - here the catalytically combusted analyzed combustible gases are burned on a heated resistive element, which changes the resistance of this element;

e) semiconductor - the gas is in contact with a narrow layer of semiconductor, where at a temperature above 200 ° C catalytic oxidation occurs resulting in a change in the conductivity of the semiconductor and this change is converted to an external electrical output;

f) electrochemical - these contain a container containing two electrodes immersed in the electrolyte. The gas passes through the membrane into the electrolyte, causing a chemical reaction that causes the formation of ions and starts to move towards the electrodes - a current flow in the electrolyte, the magnitude of which is dependent on the amount of gas contained in the electrolyte. This current is amplified and results in a positive signal.

The drawbacks of the solutions known so far are that they do not sufficiently address the possible failure of gas flow devices and do not address how to deal with system accidents.

The essence of the technical solution

The device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts of the present invention eliminates the lack of existing solutions and defines a device that addresses possible instances of system failure to ensure safe gas flow.

The device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts forms an outer shell which surrounds the duct along its entire length, the outer shell being composed of welded base skeleton parts with corresponding top covers. The outer piping package creates a tight pipe-in-pipe (Pipe-In-Pipe) system. This protective system shall be constructed of a metallic material (eg iron) or a plastic material (eg polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate) and the size of the components, their shape, and the thickness of the material shall be chosen so as to form with the surface pipeline protective zone of safe gas flow in the pipeline.

The choice of the security system material preferably depends on the type of walls of the reactor and the gas generator, and possibly also of the gas storage. When these walls are made of metallic material (eg alloys), the locking system must also be made of metallic material to weld the components together. If the walls are made of plastic material, the parts of the security system must be made of a compatible plastic material - in this case the joining of the respective parts of the skeletons must be done by extruder welding of plastic materials.

The thickness of the material used depends on the situation and the conditions in which the equipment is to be used and the installation conditions of the equipment. Regarding the shape of the perpendicular cross-section of the assembly of the present security device, the shape of the square or rectangle is most ideal, but other shapes according to the needs of the particular application are not excluded.

The duct is inside the outer wrapper at its bottom located on rollers, which can either be movable, placed on the rails or fixedly attached to the bottom bottom of the outer wrapper. The entire device can be fixed to the top ceiling by anchoring attachments. An overpressure condition shall be maintained in the interspace between the duct and the protective device for the safe flow of specific gases, both to ensure reliable system functionality and to subsequently detect gas leakage from the duct.

From the outer casing, in the part of the top covers, two hoses are led through the supply device, one of which leads to a low-pressure compressor. The role of the low pressure compressor is to create a low-pressure atmosphere (to keep the system non-stop in safety-standby mode). The compressor produces a slight overpressure in the interspace of the system, the size of which must be selected according to the application conditions of the safety device. The second tube has a T-shaped outlet, one of which branch leads to an electronic pressure analyzer and the other branch leads to a mechanical pressure analyzer with electrical outputs. The electronic pressure analyzer and mechanical pressure analyzer are connected to the control system, and communicate via the signal outputs to the control system. The control system monitors the pressure level in the interspace and stops the gas flow in the pipeline and triggers an alarm if pressure changes outside the preset interval.

The mechanical pressure analyzer with electrical outputs may be a U-manometer impregnated with a conductive liquid from which the power lines sensing the level in the Umanometer lead, or it may be a pressure gauge (membrane or bellows). Like the electronic pressure analyzer, mechanical pressure analyzers must have output electrical signals when pressure changes outside the set normal range. The electrical output signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

The piping system will be in normal operating mode if there is pressure in the interspace between the piping and the protective device for the safe flow of specific gases according to a preset interval.

j

The same principle also applies to alternative equipment which is applied in the case of flexible transfer pipes (eg hoses) that serve, for example, to pump gas from portable containers to containers intended for the consumption of gas material. These are usually flexible pipes made of special material (for example, armored or made of high-quality plastics). As already mentioned, these pipes are portable and therefore do not contain any anchors (anchors). In such a case, the outer wrapper is not made of a rigid (i.e. plate) material, but is entirely made of a plastic film that is applied over one end of the pipe to its surface before being mounted on the valve spout. After applying the film - by rolling it to the pipe and after attaching both ends of the flexible pipe to the valve outlet, both ends of the protective foil still have to be tightly fixed - this is done by top looping the foil over the metal valve outlets (ie beyond piping on a metal drain at both ends of the piping) using rubber bands. Two tubing are connected from the outer packaging made of foil, which are connected so that one leads to a low-pressure compressor and the other to electronic pressure analyzers and mechanical pressure analyzers with electrical outlets - since it is a portable pipeline, both pressure analyzers need not be applied at the same time. ; in this case only one (most appropriate) of the two pressure analyzers may be used.

The compressor produces a slight overpressure in the interspace of the system, the size of which must be selected according to the application conditions of the safety device. The electronic pressure analyzer and / or the mechanical pressure analyzer are connected to the control system, and communicate via the signal outputs to the control system. The control system monitors the pressure level in the interspace and stops the gas flow in the pipeline and triggers an alarm if pressure changes outside the preset interval.

The mechanical pressure analyzer with electrical outputs may be a U-manometer impregnated with a conductive liquid from which the power lines sensing the level in the Umanometer lead, or it may be a pressure gauge (membrane or bellows). Like the electronic pressure analyzer, mechanical pressure analyzers must have output electrical signals when pressure changes outside the set normal range. The electrical output signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

The piping system will be in normal operating mode if there is pressure in the interspace between the piping and the protective device for the safe flow of specific gases according to a preset interval.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 shows a general diagram of a device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes in a front view.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the device,

Fig. 3 shows a method of connecting a device for the safe flow of specific gases to a pipeline;

Fig. 4 shows the connection of electronic and mechanical gas pressure analyzers to the outer shell.

FIG. 5 shows a 90 ° curvature of the pipeline, where the two basic skeletons connected to each other have an end cut at 45 °.

Figure 6 shows an electrical circuit diagram for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes *

EXAMPLES

The specific gas flow device in the ducts of Fig. 1 consists of an outer shell 13 that surrounds the duct Π. over its entire length and consists of base skeletons I which are fixedly joined to each other by a weld 17 and on their surface the upper covers 2 are also fixed by a weld 17. The pipe U is inside the outer casing 13 supported on rollers 3 which are fixed to the bottom of the base skeleton 1, or the rollers 3 can be movably placed on the rails 4. Two hoses 18a and 18b are led out of the top covers 2, the hose 18a leading to a low-pressure compressor 5 to maintain overpressure in the space between duct JT and outer cover 13. The outlet of the second tubing 18b is T-shaped and one of its branches leads to an electronic pressure analyzer 6a (which consists of a capacitive pressure transducer with a high frequency oscillator) and the other branch leads to a mechanical pressure analyzer 6b which may consist of either an U-manometer 7 with electrically conductive liquid with electrical outlets 12 or to bellows or membrane The pressure analyzers 6a and 6b are connected to a control system 20 which evaluates the signals coming from these pressure analyzers. The duct system with the device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts will be in normal operating mode if pressure is maintained at a predetermined interval in the interspace between the duct 11 and the outer shell 13. If the pressure values in the interspace exceed the set interval, control system 20 activates shutdown of the gas flow in the duct. The output electrical signals to shut off the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases, and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value. The perpendicular cross-section of the security device assembly is most often square or rectangular (Fig. 2), but other shapes, such as flexible hose, are not excluded.

The outer shell 13 may in some applications be attached to the ceiling by anchoring clips 14 and may be made of a rigid material, for example metal or rigid plastic.

Example 1

In Fig. 1 there is a device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes having a rectangular profile. Its interior is passed through a gas pipe 11 beginning with the wall of the gas generator 15 and leading to the point of consumption - the reactor 21. The outer shell 13 is composed of several parts made of metal (connected either by welding 12 or, in exceptional cases, high-quality sealant). The beginning and the end of the alarm system are also welded 17 to the walls of the gas generator 15 and the reactor 21. The length of the partial topsheets 2 should not coincide with the partial lengths of the base skeletons 1 (position of these components - top and bottom must be stacked like bricks in the masonry). The overall lengths of the top covers 2 and base skeletons 1 in the complex assembly of the equipment mounted on the pipeline must be exactly the same. On the base skeletons 1, rails 4 are placed in the lower part and on them (in sunken grooves) rollers 3 with notches for receiving in the rails 4 are arranged perpendicularly. The rollers 3 serve to accommodate the pipe 11 and also to compensate for the length of expansion of the gas pipe. If the extensibility of the pipe U is low, the base skeleton 1 need not include any rails 4, and the rollers 3 would be rigidly fixed to the bottom surface of the base skeleton (without the possibility of rolling rotation).

The conduit 11 is completely embedded in the assembly, so that during installation it is necessary to reconstruct a new system of anchoring clamps 14 of the protective device, on which the whole of the protected pipe JT will be distributed from the moment of installation of the device. The disconnection of the top anchoring fasteners 14 (beams) during assembly of the security system must be synchronous with the subsequent attachment of the basic skeletons I of the security device which are attached to the new anchoring fasteners 14 to the top wall of the building where the pipe 11 is guided.

Method of installation: first of all disconnect the required number of actual beams that anchor the given pipe. L The first part of the basic skeletons I is welded to the wall of the gas generator L5 and temporarily retained from the bottom by the beam. When joining both the skeletons and the wall, it is necessary to maintain the exact position of the bracket - the correct parallel direction with the duct H, as well as the right perpendicular angle to the wall of the gas generator 15. Other parts should be assembled up to the final wall of the reactor 21. Welds 17 must meet high tightness criteria - these must be checked using X-ray joint inspection techniques. In the case of curved pipelines (Fig. 5), the basic skeletons 1 must be assembled in a different way: for example, in the case of pipelines Π. by 90 °, where the two bent bases 1 connected to each other have a one end cut at an angle of 45 °. For better tightness of the upper joints, it would be a better option for the top cover 2 not to have the same length (and not even shape) to the base skeleton 1, but also to be bent at 90 ° (and of course longer). If there is a branch on the pipeline to be protected, in this case the length of the top covers 2 on the main pipe 11 must be adjusted during installation, which must provide space for the next base frame I (with the new top cover 2, which assembles as the very last).

A top cover 2 is attached to the top of the base skeleton I (either by heat sealing kvalit7 - in exceptional cases a good quality sealant can be used) - this must be done after disconnecting the anchors 14 anchoring the pipe H (and converting them to a new anchorage system ). The top cover 2 comprises two power supply devices 22 to which two hoses 18a and 18b are connected. wherein the first hose 18a leads to the low pressure compressor 5 and the second hose 18b leads through the T-shaped output to the electronic pressure analyzer 6a and to the mechanical pressure analyzer 6b with the electrical outputs 12. The electronic pressure analyzer 6a is a capacitive high pressure oscillator pressure sensor which the transducer will send signals to the control system 20 for shutting down the gas flow in the event of a safety hazard. The mechanical pressure analyzer 6b with the electrical outputs 12 is either a U-gauge with an electrically conductive liquid 7, or it may be a diaphragm or bellows manometer 8, which also sends out electrical signals to the control system 20. The control system 20 monitors the pressure state devices and, in the event of a system or pipe 11 failure, stop the gas flow in pipe 14.

The piping system with the device for the safe flow of specific gases in the pipelines will be in normal operating mode if there is a pressure in the interspace between the piping H and the outer casing 13 according to a predetermined interval. If the pressure values in the interspace exceed the set interval, control system 20 activates shutdown of the gas flow in the duct. The output electrical signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases, and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

Example 2

We used PE pipe 11 in length 107.3 cm, with outside diameter 5.4 cm, and wall thickness 0.4 cm. At both ends of the pipe there are perpendicular plastic plates (of polypropylene) forming in this model the walls of the reach of both ends of the pipe, i. the walls of the gas generator a5 and the reactor 21ich are at a distance of 107.5 cm. In the middle of these plates, holes of diameter 3.6 cm were drilled and perpendicularly connected to the pipe 11 by means of a weld 17, which in this case was made by a solder joint.

Depending on the distance of the two outer plastic plates, two basic skeletons I have been developed which have a square "U" profile with two top covers 2 (all panels are made of polymethylmethacrylate), the length of two identical - ie either bottom or top panels stacked is equal to the distance (107.5 cm) between the outermost plastic plates where the pipe was routed. The thickness of these plates is 0.4 cm. After assembling and bonding the parts together, a protective device is created, which has a cuboid shape with external dimensions of 10.5 x

10.5 x 107.5 cm. The welded U7 square U-shaped joint at the bottom of the device is 59.5 cm from the left edge, and on the top cover 2 this simple straight joint is 54 cm away from the same edge.

Assembly procedure: The top covers 2 were drilled holes (diameter 4 mm), which were approximately equidistant from each other on one axis passing through the center of the width of these top covers 2. These cones were welded with conical projections - feed devices 22 made of HDPE hardened material (outer diameter was 0.43 cm), for easy feeding with plastic tubes 18a, 18b whose inner diameter was 0.40 cm. The first tubing 18a led to the Atman AT-701 2.5W low pressure compressors 5 and the second tubing 18b was connected to the Umanometer 2 · Power lines were inserted into the second arm of the U-manometer 7 to produce two output signals 22- when dropped and increased level in U-manometer 7.

The control system 20 monitors the pressure in the system on the basis of the signals from the low-pressure compressor 5 and the U-manometer 7 and stops the gas flow in the pipeline Π in the event of a system or line H failure.

The piping system with the device for the safe flow of specific gases in the pipelines will be in normal operating mode if there is a pressure in the interspace between the piping K and the outer casing 13 according to a predetermined interval. If the pressure values in the interspace exceed the set interval, control system 20 activates shutdown of the gas flow in the duct. The output electrical signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases, and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

The given input signals were part of the electrical circuit, which, upon activation, stopped the gas flow in the pipeline - in this model, the minimum overpressure Δρ = 27 cm, ie. 2643,4 Pa, so that bulb no. 1, and thus the first output signal to shut off the gas flow was blocked by the control system 20. If the air overpressure in the system was Δρ = 31 cm, i. 3035.0 Pa, thus activating the second circuit and then activating the second output signal to the control system 20, which also results in a shutdown of the gas flow in the pipe, followed by a visual fault indication.

Example 3

A device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts is applied to the flexible (not fixed) ducts 11. In this case, the outer wrapper 13 is made of plastic and consists of a welded foil 9 which is made of polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC and has cylinder. The conduit 11 is portable and detachable, wherein the film 9 is slid onto the conduit 11 and is fastened to metal valve outlets 19 located at both ends of the conduit 11 by means of rubber strips 10 at both ends of the film 9.

For the application, the PE pipe J4 was used in a length of 90 cm, its diameter was 20 cm, the roughness coefficient k = 0.01 mm. In this experiment, cylindrical HDPE films 9 of different diameters were used in experiments to always form a tube-in-tube system. The film was attached at its ends to the pipe ends with square rubber strips 10 (width 0.43 cm, thickness 0.26 cm, length 29.8 cm) with a stiffness coefficient k = 156 N.m-1. Approximately at a median distance from the edges of the HDPE foil attachment, conical protrusions of HDPE hardened material (having an outside diameter of 0.47 cm) were applied over their walls and glued with polyurethane adhesive at these points. Two protrusions were connected as feed devices 22 via a plastic hose 18a (0.41 cm ID) to a low pressure compressor 5 of the Atman AT-A2500 3W type and the other protrusion was connected as feed device 22 via a hose 18b to a U-manometer 7.

The control system 20 monitors the pressure of the system on the basis of the signals from the low-pressure compressor 5 and the U-manometer 7 and stops the gas flow in the pipeline 11 in the event of a system or pipeline failure.

The piping system with the device for the safe flow of specific gases in the pipelines shall be in normal operating mode if it is in the interspace between the pipelines Π. and with the outer shell 13 a pressure according to a predetermined interval. If the pressure values in the interspace exceed the set interval, control system 20 activates shutdown of the gas flow in the duct. The output electrical signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases, and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

Such portable flexible pipe H (hose) can in practice be used to pump gas from a movable container (e.g. a container placed on a vehicle) to a container intended for direct gas consumption. Piping Π. (a hose) is connected to the outlet valve 19, a film 9 having a cylindrical shape is applied over the opposite end of the pipe 11, and the film 9 is threaded onto the pipe through the free end of the pipe 11. Only after this step is the other end of the pipe (hose) attached to the valve of the filled gas reservoir, and then the two ends of the foil 9 are pressed tightly against the metal valve 16 by rubber strips 10 by wrapping them at the ends of the foil 9. the entire inner space under the foil was sealed.

Industrial usability

The device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipelines and the method for ensuring this safe flow can be used in practice in several branches of industry, in applications where it is necessary to prevent accidents caused by gas leakage.

Claims (9)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes, characterized in that it consists of an outer shell (13) which surrounds the pipe (11) along its entire length, the pipe (11) being mounted on rollers (11) inside the outer shell (13). 3) which are fixed to the bottom of the base skeletons (1), or rollers (3) are movably mounted on the rails (4), and are led out of the outer shell (13) out of the outer shell (13) through the supply device ( 22) two tubing, of which the first tubing (18a) leads to a low pressure compressor (5) to maintain the overpressure in the interspace between the pipe (11) and the outer casing (13) and the second tubing (18b) has a T-shaped outlet, leads to an electronic pressure analyzer (6a) and a second branch leads to a mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) with electrical outputs (12), and an electronic pressure analyzer (6a) and a mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) with associated with a control system (20) for monitoring the state of the pressure and closure of the gas flow line (11). A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer casing (13) has a square or rectangular shape and consists of basic skeletons (1) which are fixedly connected to each other and fixed on their surface top covers (2). Device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer casing (13) is fastened to the ceiling by anchoring clamps (14). A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) with electrical outputs (12) is a U-manometer (7) impregnated with conductive liquid in the U-manometer (7). A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) with the electrical outlets (12) is a pressure gauge (8) which is a diaphragm or bellows. A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer casing (13) is made of metal. A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer casing (13) is made of a plastic material. A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the outer casing (13) is formed by a welded film (9) which is made of polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC and has the shape of a cylinder, pipe (11). ) is portable and / Y detachable, the foil (9) being slid onto the pipe (11), and secured to the metal valve outlets (19) located at both ends of the pipe (11) by rubber strips (10) at both ends of the foil ( 9). from/ Method for ensuring the safe flow of specific gases in pipes, characterized in that in the device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claims 1 to 8, the gas guided therein is introduced into the pipe (11) and at the same time pressure in the interspace between the duct (11) and the outer casing (13), then the low pressure compressor (5) maintains the pressure at a selected interval, and electronic pressure analyzers (6a) and mechanical pressure analyzers (6b) monitor the pressure status and send it to a control system (20) which switches off the gas flow in the line (11) when the pressure increases or the pressure increment gradient or when the pressure falls below a set interval.