SK7416Y1 - A source of secondary and /or trace biogenic elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to organo-mineral resources, secondary and/or trace biogenic elements based extract obtained by digestion of compost of biodegradable waste processing through the digestive tract of earthworms called. vermi compost. The compositions comprise any of the lignin sulphonates of calcium and/or magnesium and/or iron and/or zinc and/or manganese and/or copper. Lignin sulfonates present in the compositions affect the surface tension of the treatment solution, thereby significantly increase the wetting and also a favorable effect on the adhesion of the spray to the surface of treated plants. Organo-mineral source of biogenic elements by their nature are among the products appropriate to the system of biocultivation.

Description

Technical field

The solution concerns organo-mineral sources of secondary and / or trace biogenic elements - plant nutrients - based on leachate obtained by leaching compost from biodegradable waste processed through the digestive tract of earthworms, the so-called vermicompost. The formulations according to the invention are characterized in that they contain one of the lignin sulfonates of calcium and / or magnesium, and / or iron, and / or zinc, and / or manganese, and / or copper. Products in terms of the solution are especially suitable for off-root, so-called foliar application, but it is expedient to take into account their use also in soil fertilization, in connection with the composting of biodegradable waste and also in the cultivation of plants in nutrient solutions.

Prior art

It is known that plants need, in addition to basic nutrients (N, P, K) and secondary nutrients (Ca, Mg, S, Fe) and micronutrients - trace elements (Zn, Mn, Cu, B, Mo, Co and also some others). Compounds containing these biogenic elements are used for the preventive and / or curative elimination of the symptoms manifested in plants as a result of their deficiency. The basic role of these plant nutrients is mainly to activate the activity of various enzymes, which mostly catalytically affect several biochemical processes taking place in plant organisms.

In order to prevent the negative phenomena associated with the deficiency of secondary and trace elements in plant nutrition, it is necessary to maintain their level at the required level. To this end, both in terms of prevention and in terms of the possibility of curative intervention are applied in various forms, such as inorganic salts, oxides, frits, organocomplex compounds, chelates, as well as some industrial wastes (mainly from chemical, mining and metallurgical industries ).

Inorganic salts of trace and secondary nutrients are usually used in the form of their aqueous solutions or suspensions. Due to their markedly ionic nature, they can only be applied foliarly in the form of low-concentration solutions, and their effectiveness is generally only very low.

For foliar application, the application of trace elements and certain secondary plant nutrients in the form of aqueous solutions, their chelates or various organic complexes appears to be particularly advantageous. In particular, derivatives of aliphatic amines and diamines are used as complexing agents for the preparation of compounds of this type.

Today, trace elements and elements of secondary nutrients in the form of chelates of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilacetic acid (NTTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PDTA), hydroxyethylethylethylethylethylethylethylethy acids (DAEDDA) and some others.

Probably the most widespread use of trace elements and elements of secondary plant nutrients in the form of chelates of the EDTA and DTPA type, which is related to their relatively good efficiency and relative availability. Although good results are obtained with the use of these chelates, especially with rapid curative interventions, their wider application in agricultural practice is hindered mainly by the relatively high price of starting chelating agents, their limited availability, demanding production technology and ecological reasons, related to their slow biodegradability and clearly synthetic nature. A disadvantage of chelating agents of this type is also the fact that they are usually a source of a considerable amount of sodium, since they are predominantly available exclusively in the form of various sodium salts.

For these reasons, the attention of the research was also focused on the use of complexing agents of another type. In practice, complexes of secondary and trace biogenic elements of natural character have been used, which were characterized by their very good biodegradability, good plant acceptability, raw material availability and economic advantage.

Various lignin-derived derivatives have proven to be very promising complexing agents that meet most of the requirements for secondary and trace plant nutrient carriers.

Lignin is a natural polymer. Its name is derived from the Latin word lignum, which means wood. Lignin is the basic building block of woody plants, which participates in the transport of water and nutrients and ensures a strong bond between individual cellulose molecules. Lignin partially affects the strength of wood and its resistance to chemical and microorganisms. With considerable simplification, the substances forming a substantial part of the plant wood mass can be divided into a polymeric carbohydrate part, which includes in particular cellulose and hemicelluloses, and an aromatic part of the wood formed by lignin.

The aromatic components make up about one-fifth to one-third of the wood, with lignin accounting for the largest share. Thus, lignin is a part of the wood mass that contains a benzene nucleus with a propane side chain, phenolic hydroxyl groups, methoxyl groups and forms complex macromolecules. It is one of the most widespread natural polymers.

Lignin as a component of wood was observed by the discoverer of the heterogeneous character of Payen wood in 1838.

SK 7416 ¥ 1 lignin was introduced by Schulze in 1857 for a substance which he removed from wood by the action of a mixture of nitric acid and potassium hypochlorite. Lignin can be isolated from wood by various methods. As lignin is a substance that is extremely sensitive to chemical or even physical action, it always changes more or less during isolation. Therefore, for the original lignin present in the wood, the name protolignin introduced by Klason is usually used.

The period 1920-1950 is usually referred to as the period of classical lignin chemistry, characterized mainly by the study of lignin, methods of organic chemistry and efforts to construct its structural formula.

Several delignification processes are currently used in practice to isolate pulp from wood pulp. The use of alkalis (wood ash) for the treatment of paper semi-finished products has been known since about 750 BC. 1. However, the delignifying effects of alkalis were not discovered until around 1800, and the soda delignification procedure for the isolation of wood pulp was not developed until 1851 (Burgess and Watt). The sulphate process was first patented in 1870 in the USA (Eaton) and was not put into practice in Europe until 1879 (CF Dahl). The sulphate process is currently the most widespread in the pulp industry in the world. The wood chips are boiled in an alkaline sulfide solution at a temperature of 160 to 180 ° C. In an alkaline environment and in the presence of oxygen, lignin is partially oxidized, its methoxyl groups are cleaved to form new acidic hydroxyl groups (phenolic) and oxygen bridges are also cleaved. The sulfide sulfur binds organically. Reactions of lignin with sulfur begin at temperatures close to 100 DEG C., with an average of about 1 sulfur atom per 10 carbon atoms. Although the chemistry of this compounding is not yet fully understood, it is currently _{believed that the carbonyl groups of lignin combine with H 2} S, which is formed by hydrolysis of sulides, to form an oxymercaptan group (or SH- ion) which then binds tightly to lignin.

Sulfite leachates and / or sulphite slags, which are formed as a by-product in the isolation of pulp, are a source of lignin sulphonates, the chemical structure of which is quite complex and is still not clearly defined. According to some authors, the following chemical structure of lignin sulfonates can be assumed:

Lignin sulphonates formed by the sulphonation of lignin in the process of producing pulp from biomass have the character of anionic polyelectrolytes, fully soluble in water.

Abroad, but also in our country, considerable attention has been paid to the study of the possibilities of preparing organometallic complexes of the lignin sulphate type based on sulphite extracts and / or sulphate slags obtained as a by-product in pulp production. In March 1979, the method of preparation of concentrates of trace elements and / or secondary plant nutrients (AO 205 830) was applied for copyright protection, which was later used in the production of a special fertilizer with curative (therapeutic) effect against physiological yellowing (chlorosis), especially special culture. This special liquid fertilizer, containing min. 10% of complex bound iron in dry matter, produced by Gemer pulp and paper mill, n.p. in Gemerská Hôrka and distributed it under the name FERROVIT.

Ongoing research and development work focused on the effective use of lignin-sulfonate type complexes in agriculture, carried out mainly at the former Research Institute of Agrochemical Technology in Bratislava and the Institute of Paper and Pulp in Bratislava, resulted in other common protected solutions (AO 210 823, AO 211 287), which have found application in production practice (FYTOVIT, MIKROCHELA, MONOCHELA).

Lignin sulphonate complexes of microelements and secondary plant nutrients prepared from by-products of the pulp and paper industry are now also offered by the largest producers in this field (Borregaard AS or Borregaard LignoTech).

SK 7416 Υ1

Compost is the oldest and most natural means of improving the soil known to mankind. It is prepared from organic waste (from households, gardens, orchards and grasslands, etc.) and is an important contribution to maintaining healthy soil and plant nutrition. Composting is one of the most efficient ways of biologically processing solid organic residues, a waste-free technology that does not harm the environment. In order to increase the content of biologically active substances in compost, the process of subsequent biological processing of compost by means of the digestive system of earthworms (Poľnohospodárske družstvo - Jenišovice, Agrospol - Zelovce, VermiVital spol.s ro Záhorce).

Of the nearly 2,000 species of small-leaved ringworms known today, the red hybrid of the California earthworm (genus Eisenia foetida) is commonly used for biological processing of compost. Earthworms in cooperation with microorganisms have the ability to convert organic matter from compost in their digestive tract, while secreting a complex of biologically highly active substances usable in connection with plant cultivation and thus forming the so-called vermicompost. Vermicompost can be used directly to improve soil properties, or it can be further redesigned. In order to isolate biologically active substances, it is appropriate to subject the vermicompost to leaching after complete maturation and thus prepare an leachate containing physiologically active substances (amino acids, humic acids, phytohormones, carboxylic acids, enzymes, etc.). The leachate thus prepared can be used for fertilization after dilution with water, preferably in the form of foliar application.

It has also proved advantageous to use this extract after supplementation with other fertilizers and biologically active substances for the preparation of special organo-mineral fertilizers.

Enrichment of the extract with trace and secondary plant nutrients seems to be particularly suitable. The enrichment of the leachate with said biogenic elements in the form of the customary salts of inorganic acids is only possible to a limited extent, due to their reactions associated with the formation of sludge and also due to the low efficiency of the plant nutrients thus supplied.

The solution is to use real chemical chelates, which is, however, partly limited by the disadvantages of synthetic chelates. Some disadvantages of synthetic chelates have been mentioned before.

The essence of the technical solution

It has now been found that if lignin sulphonates are used as a source of secondary and / or trace biogenic elements, an effective organo-mineral source of plant nutrients can be obtained by preparing mixed solutions or suspensions based on vermicompost extract.

It has been confirmed that one of the lignin sulphonates of calcium and / or magnesium, and / or iron, and / or zinc, and / or manganese, and / or manganese can be used to prepare organo-mineral sources of secondary and / or trace plant nutrients based on vermicompost extract. or copper. In this way, the desired organomineral preparation enriched in only one of the biogenic elements bound in the form of a lignin sulphate complex can be obtained or the desired multicomponent fertilizer can be prepared by mixing several lignin sulphate concentrates, the composition of which will best meet the specific requirements of a particular crop.

A significant advantage of the use of secondary and / or trace plant nutrients in the form of their lignin sulphates is their plant origin and relationship with the substances contained in the vermiculite extract. Several years of practice have confirmed that the lignin sulphate form of biogenic elements is well acceptable to plants, with the advantage of their good biodegradability in soil. The supply of native organically bound carbon, which is in a form accessible to plants and soil microorganisms, is also not negligible. The presence of lignin sulphonates also significantly improves the wettability of the plant surface and also has a favorable effect on the adhesion of sprays to the surface of the treated plants.

Organo-mineral preparations based on solutions of lignin sulphonates in vermicompost extracts are preferably intended for off-root-leaf application. They are used after prior dilution with water, at least in the ratio 1: 10 - 12, while the concentration of the biogenic element in the application solution is decisive for the level of dilution.

The organo-mineral sources of secondary and / or trace biogenic elements according to the solution are also suitable for increasing the nutritional value of the soil and can advantageously also be used in connection with the composting of biodegradable waste. Their use in connection with composting significantly increases the quality of the prepared compost and also shortens the time required for microbiological decomposition of waste.

The biologically active substances contained in the sources of biogenic elements in the sense of the solution are also suitable for use in connection with soilless (hydroponic and aeroponic) plant cultivation. They can be added to nutrient solutions and also applied by spraying cultivated plants.

SK 7416 ¥ 1

Examples of embodiments

The following examples illustrate, illustrate and supplement the solution, but in no way limit the requirements for its protection.

Example 1

In order to prepare the organo-mineral source of zinc according to the solution, 400 kg of aqueous vermicompost extract was introduced into a vessel equipped with a stirrer, which was characterized as follows: • appearance: light brown, practically clear solution, practically odorless, • practically neutral chemical reaction , pH: 7.38 / 21.8 ° C, • residue content - dry matter (105 ° C): 0.42 wt. %, • calcium content: less than 0.3 wt. % Ca, • magnesium content: less than 0.001 wt. % Mg, • potassium content: 0.09 wt. % K ₂ O, • total nitrogen content: 2.83 wt. % N.

Then 100 kg of an approximately 45% aqueous solution of zinc lignin sulphonate, prepared according to process AO 211 287, was added to the aqueous vermicompost extract gradually and with constant stirring, which contained min. 5 wt. % Zn.

Homogenization of the mixture gave 500 kg of a light brown solution. The organo-mineral source of zinc, which can be used well by plants, thus prepared, contained min. 1.0 wt. % zinc (as Zn). The undiluted product had a weak acid chemical reaction (pH: 5.05 / 24.1 ° C) and its specific gravity at room temperature was 1043.5 kg / m 3.

A water-diluted solution of organo-mineral zinc (1:10) had a pH of 6.28 / 24.8 ° C and was used for foliar fertilization of maize.

Example 2

In order to prepare a multicomponent concentrate of trace elements containing amide nitrogen, the solution was carried out in such a way that the following were gradually introduced into the mixing device while stirring:

74.0 kg of an aqueous extract of a vermicompost of a similar quality as in Example 1,

438 g powdered xanthan gum,

21.2 kg of caught urea,

600 kg of an aqueous solution of copper lignin sulphonate, containing min. 5% Cu,

1.2 kg of an aqueous solution of manganese lignin sulphonate, containing min. 5% Mn,

1.6 kg of an aqueous solution of zinc lignin sulphonate, containing min. 5% Zn, and 0.5 kg of an aqueous solution of ferrous lignin sulfonate, containing min. 5% Fe.

All concentrated aqueous solutions of lignin sulfonates used in the preparation were prepared according to AO 211 287.

Finally, in the prepared, viscous, light brown solution was dissolved:

460 g of crystalline boric trihydrogen, H ₃ BO ₃ and 2 g of crystalline ammonium molybdate, (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O24.4 H ₂ O.

After complete dissolution of the crystalline components, 100 kg of organomineral concentrate according to the solution were prepared in this way, which contained at least: 9.8 wt.% Of total nitrogen (as N), 0.08 wt. % boron (as B), 0.03 wt. % copper (as Cu), 0.06 wt. % manganese (as Mn), 0.08 wt. % zinc (as Zn), 0.025 wt. % iron (as Fe) and 0.001 wt. % molybdenum (as Mo).

The prepared organo-mineral concentrate showed a weakly acidic chemical reaction (pH: 5.77 / 16.8 ° C) and after dilution with water it was used for fertilizing plants and also for enriching biodegradable waste during its composting.

Example 3

For the preparation of an organo-mineral source of manganese according to a solution containing at least 2 materials. % manganese (as Mn), a mixed solution of aqueous vermicompost extract (60 wt.%) and concentrated aqueous solution of manganese lignin sulfonate (40 wt.%) was prepared. An aqueous vermicompost extract similar in properties to Example 1 was used in the preparation. The aqueous manganese lignin sulfonate solution used contained min. 5.0 wt. % Mn and was prepared according to AO 211 287 (Monochela Mn).

Example 4

For a liquid organo-mineral copper concentrate according to the solution, which contained at least 1.0 wt. % copper (as Cu), 80 wt. % of aqueous extract of vermicompost with 20 wt. % of an aqueous solution of copper lignin sulphonate, which contained min. 5.0 wt. % copper (as Cu).

SK 7416 Υ1

The prepared mixed solution showed an acidic chemical reaction (pH: 2.8 / 25.4 ° C). In order to dull the acidity, the pH was adjusted to a pH of about 6.0 by the addition of ammonia water.

Example 5

In the preparation of an organo-mineral source of iron-acceptable iron according to the solution, which contained at least 3 masses. % iron (as Fe), 60 wt. % of concentrated iron lignin sulphonate with 40 wt. % of aqueous extract of vermicompost. The concentrated aqueous solution of ferrous lignin sulfonate used was prepared by converting calcium lignin sulphonate to ferrous sulphate (FERROVIT).

The organo-mineral concentrate prepared in this way, after appropriate dilution with water (in the form of a 0.4-0.6% solution), was used for the preventive and curative treatment of plants, especially stone fruit, vines and cereals.

Example 6

In order to prepare an organo-mineral nutritional additive containing amide nitrogen, calcium and magnesium according to the solution, the procedure was as follows:

hmôt. % aqueous extract of vermicompost, mass. % of urea caught, mass. % of concentrated calcium sulphite slags, containing 48.45% of residue - dry matter (105 ° C), pH: 4.2, 0.126% N, 2.17% Ca, 2.99% S and 20 wt. % of concentrated magnesium sulphite slag.

Thus, an organo-mineral concentrate containing at least 12 wt. % of total nitrogen (as N), min. 0.5 wt. % calcium (as Ca) and min. 0.4 wt. % of magnesium (as Mg). Both calcium and magnesium contained in the product were contained in lignin sulfonate form and in the form of aqueous solutions (0.3 - 0.5%) were used to treat fruit vegetables, especially tomatoes and stone fruit.

Example 6

Organo-mineral liquid fertilizer intended primarily for foliar fertilization of cereals according to the solution was prepared according to the following recipe:

68.68 wt. % aqueous extract of vermicompost,

8.33 wt. % of powdered manganese lignin sulphonate, containing min. 93 wt. % dry matter, min. 12 wt. % Mn, 1.6 wt. % of total nitrogen (as N), about 32 wt. % of total carbon (as C) and about 23 wt. % of total sulfur (as SO ₃ ), pH of approx. 10% of aqueous solution: 4.0 + -0.5, specific weight of loose product approx. 400 kg / m ³ ,

8.33 wt. % of zinc lignin sulphonate powder, containing min. 93 wt. % dry matter, min. 12 wt. % Zn, 1.8 wt. % of total nitrogen (as N), about 34 wt. % of total carbon (as C) and about 18 wt. % of total sulfur (as SO ₃ ), pH of approx. 10% of aqueous solution: 4.0 + -0.5, specific weight of loose product approx. 400 kg / m ³ ,

4.16 wt. % of powdered copper lignin sulphonate, containing min. 93 wt. % dry matter, min. 12 wt. % Cu, 2.2 wt. % of total nitrogen (as N), about 36 wt. % of total carbon (as C) and about 18 wt. % of total sulfur (as SO ₃ ), pH of approx. 10% aqueous solution: 4.0 + -0.5, specific gravity of loose product approx. 400 kg / m ³ and 10.0 wt. % of a liquid ethane concentrate of the monoethanolamine type, containing about 150 g of boron (as B) per liter.

Finally, 0.5% by weight was added with vigorous stirring in order to adjust the Theological properties and to stabilize the mixed solution. % xanthan gum powder.

Example 8

In order to prepare an organo-mineral liquid fertilizer, in the sense of the solution, intended primarily for the qualitative fertilization of oilseeds in the form of non-root-foliar application, with constant stirring, the mogens from the valo are gradually removed:

masses, parts of the aqueous extract of vermicompost, masses, parts of a concentrated aqueous solution of sulphate - ammonium thiosulphate, (NH ₄ ) ₂ S ₂ O ₃ , which contained about 12 masses. % of ammoniacal nitrogen (as N), about 26 wt. % of total sulfur (as S), which showed a weakly alkaline chemical reaction (pH approx. 7.5) and its specific gravity was close to 1400 kg / cm ³ , mass, parts of a liquid concentrate of monoethanolamine type boron, which contained about 150 g of total boron ( as B) in liters (BOROVÍTAL) and 5 wt.% of mixed powdered lignin sulphate concentrate of trace plant nutrients, which contained min. 93 wt. % dry matter, min. 1.0 wt. % copper (as Cu), min. 4.0 wt. % iron (as Fe), min. 2.5 wt. % manganese (as Mn), min. 2.5 wt. % zinc (as Zn), 2.2 wt. % of total nitrogen

SK 7416 ¥ 1 (as N), approx. 36 wt. % of total carbon (as C), about 18 wt. % of total sulfur (as SO ₃ ), of which about 10% aqueous solution reacted acidic (pH about 3.0 + -0.5) and the specific gravity of the loose product was close to 400 kg / m ³ .

Example 7

For the preparation of an organo-mineral liquid fertilizer containing calcium, magnesium and trace elements in lignin sulphonate form according to the solution, the following was gradually homogenized with constant stirring:

parts by weight of aqueous vermicompost extract, parts by weight of calcium lignin sulphonate in the form of concentrated calcium sulphite slags, parts by weight of magnesium lignin sulphonate in the form of concentrated magnesium sulphite slags and 10 parts by weight of mixed powdered lignin sulphate concentrate of trace plant nutrients. 93 wt. % dry matter, min. 1.0 wt. % copper (as Cu), min. 4.0 wt. % iron (as Fe), min. 2.5 wt. % manganese (as Mn), min. 2.5 wt. % zinc (as Zn), 2.2 wt. % of total nitrogen (as N), about 36 wt. % of total carbon (as C), about 18 wt. % of total sulfur (as SO ₃ ), about which about 10% aqueous solution reacted acidic (pH about 3.0 + -0.5), the specific weight of the loose product was close to 400 kg / m ³ .

Example 10

In order to prepare a calcium organo-mineral liquid fertilizer according to the invention, 75 parts by weight of the aqueous extract of vermicompost were mixed with 25 parts by weight of calcium lignin sulphate in the form of concentrated calcium sulphite slags containing at least 45 wt. % dry matter.

Example 11

In order to prepare the magnesium organo-mineral liquid fertilizer according to the invention, 85 parts by weight of the aqueous extract of vermicompost were mixed with 15 parts by weight of magnesium lignin sulphate in the form of concentrated magnesium sulphite slags containing at least 45 wt. % dry matter.

Industrial applicability

The solution concerns organo-mineral sources of secondary and / or trace biogenic elements - plant nutrients - based on leachate obtained by leaching compost from biodegradable waste processed through the digestive tract of earthworms, the so-called vermicompost. The formulations according to the invention are characterized in that they contain one of the lignin sulphonates of calcium and / or magnesium and / or iron and / or zinc and / or manganese and / or copper. The organo-mineral natural form of plant nutrient sources according to the solution is very well usable by plants

Organo-mineral preparations, in terms of their solution, are among the products usable in organic farming systems.

Claims (5)

CLAIMS FOR PROTECTION An organo-mineral source of secondary and / or trace biogenic elements based on vermicompost extract, characterized in that it contains one of the lignin sulphonates of calcium and / or magnesium, and / or iron, and / or zinc, and / or manganese, and / or or copper. Use of an organo-mineral source of secondary and / or trace biogenic elements according to claim 1 for extra-root foliar nutrition of plants. Use of an organo-mineral source of secondary and / or trace biogenic elements according to claim 1, for application to soil. Use of an organo-mineral source of secondary and / or trace biogenic elements according to claim 1 as an additive in the composting of biodegradable waste. Use of an organo-mineral source of secondary and / or trace biogenic elements according to claim 1 as additives in the cultivation of plants in nutrient solutions. End of document