SK7225Y1 - Repellents to protect crops against dogs, cats, moles and gnaw of plants by wild animal - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are compositions for protecting crops against the negative effects on dogs, cats, moles and protection plants, mainly forest and fruit trees before biting by game. Repellent active ingredients contained in the formulations of solutions act repulsively its sharpness and/or bitterness, and/or odor. Formulations of 100 parts by weight containing 0.001 to 0.5 parts by weight of any of the capsaicinoid and/or any of the alkyl-4-hydroxy-3-metoxyfenyletylketons and/or 0.0001 to 0.3 parts by weight denatorium benzoate - benzyldietyl / (2, 6-ylylkarbamoyl) methyl/ammonium benzoate, C28H34N2O3, and/or one salt of quinine and/or 0.001 to 50 parts by weight of butyric acid, ie. butyric acid (C4H8O2), and/or pentanoic acid, so called pentanoic acid (C5H10O2), and/or 2-hydroxypropionic acid, ie. milk (C3H6O3), and/or lanolin. The balance to 100 parts being water and/or any of alkyl sulfides, and/or any of surfactants, and/or one of the aqueous copolymer dispersions, and/or one of the latexes, and/or one of the substances, which is characterized by their absorbing capacity. On plant surfaces and also on the soil surface as preparations able to form a hydrophobic film that provides protection against rain and snow and is a prerequisite for their long-term effectiveness.

Description

The solution concerns repellents intended to protect stands against dogs, cats, moles and to protect plants, especially forest and fruit trees from biting animals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In general, the negative consequences of visiting dogs and cats, especially stray, on treated lawns, in ornamental and vegetable gardens, and the like are well known. Damaging vegetables and decorative plants and unwanted soiling of lawns will certainly not add a good mood to any horticulturist, hut or cottage man, but not even a gardener who cares for the lawn.

For these reasons, several preparations have been developed in the past and are recommended by manufacturers to repel unwanted, and especially repeated, visits to dogs and cats, especially stray. Manufacturers of these repellents usually do not indicate their exact composition, but it is apparent from the relevant literature that their effect is often based on the presence of a combination of selected essential oils, the so-called essential oils. essential oils, and quite often with any of the bicyclic -heptanones usually camphor (l, 7,7-trimethyl / 2.2 l / heptane-2-one, C ₀ H ₁₆ O).

Balsam (Talpa europaea) live on meadows, fields, gardens. They are perfectly adapted to living underground and rarely come to the surface. They have a cylindrical body. Long corridors, which can be about 800 m long and more than 1.5 km long, are the front blades. They're throwing the dug up for themselves. They throw out the engraved ground out in the form of known moles. They feed only on animal food, earthworms, larvae and other small animals. They're insectivores. Their eyes are stunted, their ears do not have ears. The sense of smell and touch are stored in a snout. While backing, the tail serves as a tactile mechanism. The mole covers the soil and thus aerates it (there the air gets wet and then it gets wet). They eat a lot of harmful insects every day. This is useful. In the gardens, however, people do not like it, because it undermines the roots of the plants that are grown there. It is generally considered a useful animal, although it is not welcome in gardens, lawns, or on well-kept meadows, mainly due to moles. When raking the corridors often goes to the surface, where it pushes the dug out soil. For these reasons, the effort is to drive the moles off these areas but not to kill them. There are currently several more or less effective repellent preparations intended for mole breeding. In addition to preparations based on herbal essential oils and bicyclic heptanones (camphor), repellents in the form of smoke cartridges are the most widespread in practice, releasing toxic phosphine when ignited (probably causing death of warm-blooded animals in the soil!). Lump calcium carbide (chachi) is also an effective repellent, the use of which has been widespread mainly in recent times. It is inserted into the mole corridors, where it is slowly decomposed due to soil moisture, releasing acetylene gas, which acts as a repellent to mole.

In the successful development of forestry as well as in the establishment and development of saddlery production, the protection of woody plants against game bites also plays a significant role. In forestry, in particular, seedlings and young trees should be protected from damage by rat deer. In the case of fruit trees, it causes considerable damage, especially in the period of vegetative tranquility, as well as hare. In the case of seedlings, damage is caused by the bark and, in the case of trees and trees, the beast also damages the tree species by peeling their bark. In addition to the mechanical protection of the plants in question by means of their various coverings (protective nets, fencing, etc.), a variety of repellent agents which act repulsive to the game are also used for their protection. Repellent agents of this type are usually applied in autumn and spring.

Although, for obvious reasons, the exact composition of the insect repellent products used is usually not stated by the manufacturers, for obvious reasons, how the active substances are various abrasive substances (often sand), substances producing unusual coloring (usually white) on animals substances of characteristic odor and unpleasant taste. Of the unpleasant taste, the most commonly reported is the presence of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (Thiram, TMTD), the use of which is known from pesticide practice (fungicides and seed dressings), as well as hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). Due to the nature of the repellents used today to protect plants against animal bite, it is obvious that a brush or a special brush is usually necessary to achieve their effectiveness. Some of the repellents used today can also be sprayed after appropriate dilution with water. However, in order to achieve a sufficiently long protection period, it is usually necessary for the preparations to be applied to dry plants, the preparation having to dry at least partially.

Recently, the possibility of systemic insect repellents has been tested overseas, but now also in the Czech Republic. Achieving the systemic effect of repellents against animal biting would significantly simplify their use in practice. According to Thomas E. Levar (US 2007/0104751 A1), the desired systemic action of a repellent active substance can be achieved by a combination of two or more osmolytes, the active ingredient being one of the herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, bacteriocides, growth regulators and nutritional additives supporting plant health. . Abroad it is already commercially available

SK 7225 Υ1 repellant plant repellent product in tablet form (Repellex), which is recommended to be used for planting in the soil. However, according to the results of application tests by the Department of Forestry and Horticulture, the efficacy of the preparation was only slightly higher than in the untreated control (Jeffrey S. Ward, Scott C. Williams: Effectiveness of Deer Repellents in Connecticut, Human-Wildlife Interactions 4 (1): 56-66, Spring 2010).

It follows from the above that, at present, mainly means are used to protect plants against their damage by bite by animals, the effect of which is based on their contact action, which is applied by coating, wetting the plants or, most simply, by spraying them. Many of the repellents used today provide only short-term protection of treated plants, as they are poorly weather resistant and their application form is often less suitable for the environment in which they are used. Some of them are also not environmentally friendly, treated plants and their users.

The essence of the technical solution

It has been found that many of the aforementioned drawbacks of the repellents used so far in practice to combat the adverse effects of dogs, cats, moles and animal bites can be overcome by using the formulations of the invention. These compositions are based on specifically selected mixtures of flammable substances and / or substances of bitter taste and / or unpleasant odorous substances which are incorporated in the products according to the invention into suitable carriers in such a way as to obtain a hydrophobic film on the surface. treated plants and also on the surface of the soil particles after they have dried at least partially. The compositions according to the invention are characterized in that they contain, in 100 parts by weight, 0.001 to 0.5 parts by weight of one of the capsaicinoids and / or one of the alkyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylketones and / or 0.0001 to 0.3 parts by weight. denatonium benzoate - benzyldiethyl / (2,6-xylylcarbamoyl) methyl / ammonium benzoate, C2 ₈ H ₃₄ N ₂ O ₃ and / or one of the quinine salts, and / or 0.001 to 50 parts by weight of butanoic acid; butyric acid (C ₄ H ₈ O ₂ ) and / or pentanoic acid; Valeric (CsHkjCU), and / or 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, so-called. milk (C ₃ H ₆ O ₃ ), and / or lanolin. The remainder of up to 100 parts by weight of the compositions of the invention is water and / or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and / or any of the surfactants, and / or any of the copolymeric aqueous dispersions, and / or any of the latexes, and / or any of the solids. adsorbents.

It has been shown that sources of suitable combustible substances may be of both synthetic and natural origin. Among the flammable substances, in particular, capsaicin and / or capsanthin, and / or nonylvanilylamide, and / or one of the alkyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylketones have proved to be particularly suitable.

Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-trans-6-nonenamide, a C ₈ H27NO _3, CAS: 404-86-4) is a plant alkaloid that was first obtained, but not in pure form in 1816 from the fuel, peppers (bot. family: Capsicum), where the name comes from, the chemist Christian Friedrich Bucholz (1770-1818). In pure form, capsaicin was not isolated until 1898 (Curry Micko). The chemical structure of capsaicin was determined only at the beginning of the twentieth century and in 1930 its synthetic preparation was also successfully implemented for the first time. Japanese chemists S. Kosuge and Y. lnagaki isolated several similar compounds from plant sources in 1961, which they labeled as capsaicinoids. Six natural capsaicinoids have been isolated and this group also includes nonivamide (VNA, also PAVA), which is used as a standard for assessing the capability of the capsaicinoids. Of the capsaicinoids are most capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanilnonanamid, C ₈ H 9 NO _{3 2,} CAS: 19408-84-5). These capsaicinoids are also characterized by the highest burning rate determined (for capsaicin 16 000 000 SHU, ie burning Scoville units, for dihydrocapsaicin 15 000 000 SHU). Capsaicin is predominantly present in the hot pepper (about 69%), while the dihydrocapsaicin content is about 22%. Capsanthin, mainly contained in red varieties of pepper, is the cause of its typical coloring.

The oleoresins of some substances of natural origin, which are their macerates in vegetable oils, may also be a source of capsaicinoid-type inflammatory substances suitable for the preparation of repellents. These are primarily intended for use in the food industry. The oleoresin obtained from hot pepper, which contains about 6.6% capsicin, has been found to be particularly suitable, which corresponds to a hotness of about 1000 000 SHU. Also suitable are oleoresins - oil macerates of cayenne pepper (Capsicum fruescens) and chili pepper (Fructus capsici acer). Said hot peppers contain capsaicin (0.01-0.02%), dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homoddihydrocapsaicin, vanillin caprylic acid and also other capsaicin derivatives.

Capsaicinoids are only slightly soluble in water. Capsicin, as one of the most important capsaicinoids, is soluble in alcohol, benzene and ether and only slightly soluble in carbon disulphide, hydrochloric acid and kerosene. However, it has been found that capsaicinoids are very well soluble in alkyl sulfide compounds.

The most prominent representatives of the alkylsulfur compounds are methyl, respectively. dimethyl derivatives. Their industrial production is related to chemical processing of wood, respectively. with cellulose production. The basis of their production is demetyla

EN 7225 Υ1 tion kraft lignin using anion SH and CH ₃ S. lignin demethylation of the nature of the nucleophilic substitution. Depending on the demetallization conditions (pressure, temperature, pH) different amounts of dimethylsulfide, CH ₃ -S-CH ₃ (DMS), methyl mercaptan, CH ₃ SH (MM) and dimethyl disulfide, CH ₃ -SS-CH ₃ (DMDS) are formed. .

The most important product of the demethylation of lignins is dimethylsulfide (DMS), from which dimethylsulfoxide, CH ₃ SOCH ₃ (DMSO), respectively, is prepared by oxidation. diemethylsulfone-methylsulfonylmethane, CH ₃ SO ₂ -CH ₃ (MSM), which, unlike liquid DMSO (at room temperature), is already a white crystalline substance (melting point 109 ° C), soluble only in hot water and in a wide range of organic solvents.

For dissolving capsaicinoids and preparing repellents according to this solution, it is particularly preferred that they contain dimethylsulfoxide, CH ₃ SOCH ₃ (DMSO).

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent heavier than water (specific gravity-density at room temperature 1,092 g / cm ³ ), with a high boiling point at normal pressure (189 ° C) and a high dipole moment (4, 7 D).

A great advantage of the use of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in the preparation of repellents in the sense of the solution is that they are compounds that can be considered natural forms of organically bound sulfur that are found in nature as part of the natural sulfur cycle in nature.

Indeed, scientific studies have shown that algae and plankton in the world's seas and oceans absorb large amounts of sulfur from water and subsequently transform it into organic forms based on alkylsulfur compounds.

It is reported that primarily dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is formed, which is gradually oxidized by exposure to ultraviolet radiation first to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and further to dimethylsulfone-methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). Said alkylsulfur compounds are water soluble and readily concentrated in atmospheric water vapor. Through rain and snow, they return to the ground, where they become an important source of sulfur for plants and animals. This explains why fresh fruits, vegetables and other foods contain a significant amount of alkylsulfur compounds (1-4 mg MSM kg of fruit, and fresh vegetables, 2-5 mg MSM in fresh unpasteurized milk). Also, in an adult's bloodstream, the natural level of MSM is up to 0.2 mg per kg. Scientists have shown that there is a minimum concentration of alkylsulfur compounds in the blood that is needed to maintain basic vital functions and protect tissues (Jacob, SW: Cerrent Status of MSM in Medicine, Am. Acad. Med. Prev., 1983, Jacob, SW -Herschler, RJ: Introductory Remarks-Dimethylsulfoxide after Twenty Years, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1983).

Sulfur in the body is utilized almost evenly through the skin, muscle tissue and bones. Similarly, nails and hair are composed of keratin, which contains a significant proportion of sulfur. Low levels of alkylsulfur compounds in the body are associated with states of unspecified fatigue, depression, increased sensitivity to physical and mental stress, and multiple degenerative diseases (Mindell, EL: The MSMiracle. Enhance Your Health with Organic Sulfur, Keats Publishing, Inc., Connecticut, USA, 1997, Ley, BM: The Forgotten Nutient MSM on Our Way Back to Sulfur, BL Publications, California, 1998).

Based on the remarkable findings of the beneficial effects of alkylsulfur compounds on living organisms, the Medical Information Foundation, led by the physician Paul Klein Breteler, based in the Netherlands, was created. For example, according to published data from this organization, the degree of toxicity of MSM is among the lowest.

For example, the subject organization states that MSM was administered to volunteers at a dose of 1g per kilogram of body weight for 30 days, with no evidence of toxicity. Likewise, intravenous administration of 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight, five days a week, did not produce any toxic effects in humans.

In mice, the lethal dose of MSM was determined to be (DL ₅₀ ) 20 grams per kilogram of their body weight.

In addition, the Medical Information Foundation, for example, recommends either dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or diemetylsulfone-methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) to reduce the range of human and animal health problems. In most cases, it is recommended to take two 500 mg MSM tablets twice a day at the start of treatment. Interestingly, it has been shown that the efficacy of MSM is enhanced and associated with vitamin C.

Due to the nature of the repellent mixtures in the sense of the solution, it can be expected that this sulfur component of the system will act synergistically in the action of its active components.

Of the substances which are repulsive by their bitter taste, denatonium benzoate (phenylmethyl- [2 - / (dimethylphenyl) amino] - (2-oxoethyl) -diethylammonium benzoate, C ₂₈ H ₃₄ N ₂ O ₃ , CAS has proved to be particularly suitable for the present solution. : 3734-33-6), also known as Denatonium, BITTER + PLUS, Bitrex, or Aversion. Denatonium is currently probably the worst known substance (the perceptibility limit is about 0.01 ppm). This substance was discovered in Scotland (Edinburgh) in 1958 by a study of local anesthetics by MacFarlan Smith, and was marketed under the name Bitrex. This is unbearably bitter for most human populations, even at concentrations below 10 ppm. Chemically, it is a quaternary ammonium cation which forms a salt with an inert benzoate anion. Due to its particularly significant bitterness, it is currently used as a substance to prevent the misuse of certain chemical products due to negligence or

For other reasons (denaturing alcohol, making antifreeze, adding to methanol, adding to ethylene glycol and the like).

One of the quinine derivatives (R- (6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl) (2S, 4S, 8R) -8-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl) methanol, C20H24N2O2, CAS: 130-95- 0).

Chemically, quinine is a basic amine, which is usually used in the form of one of its salts (quinine bisulfate, quinine dihydrochloride, quinine sulfate, quinine gluconate). The usual form is quinine sulfate - (quinine) ₂ H ₂ SO ₄ .2H ₂ O, so that about 1.21 parts by weight of quinine sulfate corresponds to 1 part by weight of quinine.

Some of the carboxylic acids have proven to be repellent to animals by reminding them of the presence of humans (the smell of human sweat) in the preparation of repellents. In particular, butanoic acid, the so-called " butyric (C4H ₈ O ₂ ), pentanoic acid valeric (C5H10O2) as well as 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, so-called. Lactic (CbH.sub.1) · In order to achieve the best odor relatedness comparable to that of human sweat, it is expedient to use a suitable combination of several of the above carboxylic acids.

A similarly good repellent effect can also be achieved by the use of lanolin, which by its characteristic odor reminds of the presence of sheep and therefore indirectly of humans. Particularly suitable is the use of crude or only partially purified lanolin for this purpose. A further advantage of lanolin is that in its use it is possible to achieve the desired hydrophobic character of the composition after its application to the surface of the treated plants, as well as the longer-term efficacy of the applied repellents.

Lanolin is a mixture of cholesterol esters with various fatty acids (CAS: 8006-54-0). Depending on the admixture content, it may have a dark brown to light-cream color, and in particular depending on the temperature and the water content may be a solid paste to a free-flowing oily liquid. It usually starts to melt at 35-40 ° C. Lanolin is obtained by purifying raw sheep wool. A characteristic feature of lanolin is its ability to absorb large amounts of water (up to 100% based on its own weight), and this ability can be further enhanced by the addition of a suitable amount of petrolatum or certain vegetable oils (eg olive). The object has proved to be the most suitable lanolin, which has a dark brown color at room temperature, a virtually stiff cream character and a strong smell of sheep. It is usually marketed under the trademark Woolgrease Fatty Acids or Fatty Acids Grade D (manufacturer: Lanolines de La Tossée).

It has been shown that by the addition of suitable surfactants, stable aqueous emulsions can be prepared on the basis of lanolin. Of synthetic surfactants in the preparation of aqueous emulsions of lanolin as well established use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (C ₂ H ₄ S ₂ 5NaO). In addition to a number of synthetic emulsifiers, several potassium soaps have also proven to be sufficiently effective in the present context. Potassium soaps prepared by saponification of vegetable oils are most suitable for the preparation of repellents. Potassium coconut soap has proven to be particularly advantageous and has the widest use, and thus is commercially available potassium soap in the context of the production of various drugstore products (raw material for the production of washing and cleaning preparations). Most commonly in production practice, it is a mixture of potassium salts of coconut fatty acids and oleic acid, often with the addition of suitable liquids and stabilizers. Coconut and palm oil contain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, which are saponified at elevated temperature - neutralized by a suitable potassium alkali - usually potassium hydroxide or carbonate.

Average Fatty Acid Content Percent Saturated Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated Polyunsaturated

Coconut oil 78-90 5- 10 1 -2,5 lauric acid, C = 12

Palm oil 45 - 55 36 - 44 6.5 - 12 palmitic acid, C = 16

The long-term effect of the protective and repellent agents and their protection from the weather can also be achieved by the addition of an appropriate amount of some copolymer aqueous dispersions. Out of the range of dispersions of this type, the use of styrene acrylate and / or styrene-butadiene copolymers has proved to be the most suitable for this purpose. Polyvinyl acetate and chloroprene latexes have also proven suitable.

Repellent agents against dogs, cats, moles and against biting of plants, usually woody animals in the sense of the solution, may be true solutions, aqueous dispersions or pastes. In the case of mole repellents, it is also convenient to apply the repellent concentrates to a suitable inert carrier (zeolite, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, cellulose, etc.). In the sense of the solution, the repellent compositions against soil pests, in particular against moles and possibly voles, in solid form can be prepared by application to various inert adsorbents - carriers from which the active substances can be gradually released. Effective adsorbents are, in particular, substances with a severely disrupted surface. For example, porous coal, discharge

Colloidal gels (eg silica gel) as well as various dried clays. Specific surface area with good adsorbents, such as e.g. activated carbon, it reaches several 100 m ² per gram. Suitable adsorbents for the subject repellents may be pulp-like (e.g., natural zeolite), spherical (natural zeolite, cellulose, bentonite, kaolin, inlay clay, etc.) or may be tableted.

The repellents in the form of solutions, dispersions or pastes, according to the solution, are water-dilutable and can be applied to plants or to the surface of the soil by all commonly used methods - pouring, coating, dipping, but also spraying. It is also characteristic of the repellent compositions according to the invention that after at least partial drying on the surface of the plants, but also on the surface of the soil, they form a more or less hydrophobic ile which is able to withstand water and the adverse effects of weathering.

EXAMPLES

The following examples document and illustrate but do not limit the protection of the solution in any way.

Example 1

Weigh 260 g of raw - untreated lanolin (Fatty Acids) and 150 g of potassium soap (Vladenka) into a glass beaker. The mixture in the beaker was heated to complete dissolution with occasional stirring in a water bath. 560 g of hot water was placed in a blender jar.

The hot mixture of potassium soap and lanolin was poured into the blender jar with stirring. 10 g of a 1% solution of denatonium benzoate (Bitrex) in glycerine and 20 g of hot pepper macerate (Oleoresin - Chillies) containing 6.6% of capsaicin were successively added to the prepared aqueous emulsion. In this way, 1000 g of a repellent composition in the form of a thin brown-yellow paste was obtained. The repellent composition prepared in this manner contained 0.01 wt. % of the bitter taste denatonium benzoate and 0.13 wt. % of the active burning substance - capsaicin. As repellent to the animal, the prepared repellent contained crude, unpurified lanolin (about 26 wt.%). Upon application, the prepared emulsion was diluted with an equal volume of lukewarm water. After dilution, the diluted emulsion was used to coat the tops of conifer seedlings.

Examples 2

4850 g of styrene-alkylate copolymer (Socrat 2802 NA) were charged to a flask equipped with stirring. Under stirring, 100 g of hot peppermint macerate (Oleoresin-Chillies) of the same quality as in Example 1 and 50 g of a 1% solution of denatonium benzoate in glycerol were added successively. This procedure yielded 5000 g of a brownish-yellow dispersion in terms of solution. In order to prepare a diluted dispersion for spray application, the concentrate was diluted 1: 2 - 4 with water.

Example 3

Into a vessel equipped with efficient mixing was weighed 4700 g of an anionic aqueous dispersion of styrene acrylate copolymer Axilat 2802A, which, according to the manufacturer's specification, contained 48-52% dry matter and had a virtually neutral chemical reaction (pH: 7-8.5). Then 50 g of a 1% denatonium benzoate solution (CAS: 3734-33-6, EINECS: 223-095-2) - Bitrex and 250 g of a 1% pure capsaicin solution (CAS: 404-86-4, EINECS: 206-969-8) also in DMSO. In this way, 5 kg of the repellent composition in the sense of the solution were obtained, which was applied in a similar manner as mentioned above.

Example 4

25.1 kg of potassium soap was added to a vial equipped with a stirrer and 60.5 kg of water were continuously charged. After thoroughly homogenizing the aqueous soap solution, 8 kg of a 0.5% butyric acid solution and 4 kg of a 0.5% solution of Valeric acid in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were added with continued stirring. Finally, 3.6 kg of a 2% nonylvanilylamide solution in dimethylsulfoxide was added to the mixture. In this way, 100 kg of repellent against bite against animals was obtained in the sense of the solution applied to the planted forest tree seedlings. The repellent composition has also been successfully applied to eject moles from the garden plot by pouring approximately 0.5 - 1 liter of aqueous solution of the prepared concentrate into the holes made by the moles on the plot.

Example 5

In order to prepare a repellent composition according to the solution for repelling dogs and cats, 8 parts, parts of vinyl acetate latex and 7 parts, parts of 1% glycerin solution of denatonium benzoate were added to 85 parts by weight of vinyl acetate latex with stirring. The prepared concentrate was diluted with water in a volume ratio of about 1: 10 before spraying onto the lawn and adjacent shrubs.

SK 7225 Υ1 partially dried to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the treated plants, thus creating conditions for longer spraying efficiency. The application had to be repeated only after several days, during which it was raining heavily.

Example 6

In order to prepare a water-dilutable repellent according to the invention and capable of forming a durable film to prevent the active substance from washing out, 400 kg of styrene-butadiene latex (LATEX L7045) containing about 50% dry matter, characterized by a virtually neutral chemical reaction (pH) The viscosity (Brookfield) was 130 mPa · s and the surface tension was 50 pump / cm. Next, 150 kg of oleoresin hot chilies peper (Capsicum frutescens) were added gradually with stirring. Thorough homogenization yielded 550 kg of a cream-brown-red dispersion concentrate which, when diluted with water, formed a stable emulsion. The prepared concentrate was diluted with water prior to application by first mixing 150 ml of the concentrate in a smaller amount of water and diluting the emulsion thus obtained to about 10 liters by adding water. The diluted ready-to-use emulsion thus prepared was applied to the lawn and the surrounding decorative bushes using a pouring pot with rosette. According to the solution, the preparation provided several weeks of protection of the treated area from stray dogs and cats.

Example 7

To prepare a stock solution of the propellant for use in the preparation of the repellent composition of the present invention, 5.6 g of capsaicin powder was weighed into a 500 ml erlenmeyer flask and 209.9 g of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was added. The flask was sealed with a ground-glass stopper, and after brief mixing, a clear light yellow solution was obtained which contained 2.6 wt. % capsaicin in solution. Next, 2.6 kg of crude lanolin was added, with gentle stirring and heating to about 40-45 ° C, 1.53 kg of coconut soap potassium (EUROZOL KPZ1), which contained 28.13 wt. % of dry matter, and its chemical reaction was alkaline (pH of a 3% solution: 9.14) and 5.3 kg of a 0.1% aqueous quinine sulfate solution heated to about 40-50 ° C. Effective stirring resulted in an aqueous lanolin emulsion to which 190 g of a 2.6% solution of capsaicin in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was added with continued stirring. The repellent concentrate prepared according to the above method was used for the protection of deciduous plants (beech, oak, ash) against animal bite after dilution with water in a ratio of 1: 1.5-2. The application was carried out in the usual way - by coating plant tops.

Example 8

In order to prepare a stable emulsion repellent concentrate according to the invention, a rapeseed oil-based potassium soap was prepared. In its laboratory preparation, 676 g of rapeseed oil (table rapeseed oil) and 190 g of distilled water were introduced into a duplicated stainless steel vessel equipped with efficient mixing. The water-oil mixture was heated to 60 ° C by sheath heating with stirring. Then 134 g of flaked potassium hydroxide containing about 90% KOH was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for about an hour, and was then aged the next day in a well insulated jacket - under almost adiabatic conditions. This gave a potassium rape soap having the character of a settled gray opaque suspension (about 50% by volume) and an upper, equally large, clear pale yellow layer. The prepared potassium soap had an alkaline reaction (pH of a 1% aqueous soap solution was 11.9). The soap prepared contained 10.12 wt. % K ₂ O. The prepared potassium soap was used in the course of the preparation of the repellent composition of the solution, of similar type as described in EXAMPLE first

Example 9

In order to prepare a special repellent composition according to the solution intended for repelling moles in the solid form, the following procedure was followed. 15 pieces of 20 mm cellulose spheres (average weight of one cellulose spheres were 0.91 g) were placed in a boiling flask, 100 ml of a solution consisting of 30 ml of butanoic acid, so-called " butyric acid, 30 ml of pentanoic acid Valer, 5 ml of a 1% solution of capsaicin in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 35 ml of isopropyl alcohol. The flask was sealed with a ground glass stopper and stirred gently for about one hour. The solution-soaked beads were then removed and allowed to freely dry on a filter paper in a fume cupboard. Weighing found that the weight of the cellulose beads increased by an average of 2.58 g by sorption of the repellent solution. The repellent composition thus prepared in the form of beads was sealed in PE-foil and still wrapped in aluminum foil. The application was carried out by inserting a repellent ball into the hole formed by the mole on the treated plot.

SK 7225 Υ1

Industrial usability

The crop protection solutions are designed to repel dogs, cats, moles and game, especially chickens and hares, from plants grown in forests, orchards, vineyards and nurseries. The repellent active substances contained in the formulations according to the invention act repulsively by their burning and / or bitterness and / or odor. The treated plants are well tolerated. When applied in liquid form, they are capable of forming a hydrophobic film on the surface of the plants after at least partially drying, which provides protection against rain and snow, and is a prerequisite for their long-term effectiveness. Correctly applied preparations in the sense of the solution ensure effective protection of stands against unwanted visits of dogs, cats, moles and animal bites. The solutions according to the solution are friendly to their users as well as to the environment. Production of the solution according to the solution is undemanding and does not require special equipment.

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Claims (9)

Claims 1. Repellent compositions for the protection of stands against dogs, cats, moles and animal bites, characterized in that the parts by weight comprise 0.001 to 0.5 parts by weight of one of the capsaicinoids and / or one of the alkyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylketones , and / or 0.0001 to 0.3 parts by weight of denatonium benzoate benzyldiethyl / (2,6-xylylcarbamoyl) methyl / ammonium benzoate, C ₂₈ H ₃₄ N ₂ O ₃ , and / or one of the quinine salts, and / or 0.001 to 50% by weight. parts of butanoic acid, so-called. butyric acid, C 4 H ₈ O _2, and / or pentanoic acid, so called. Valeric, C ₅ H ₁₀ O ₂ , and / or 2-hydroxypropanoic acid; lactic, C 3 H ₆ O _3, and / or lanolin, the balance to 100 parts being water and / or dimethyl sulfoxide, CH3SOCH3, and / or one of the surfactants and / or one of the copolymer aqueous dispersions, and / or one of the latices , and / or one of the solid adsorbents. Repellents for the protection of stands against dogs, cats, moles and animal bites according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain capsaicin and / or dihydrocapsaicin as capsaicinoid. Repellent agents for protecting stands against dogs, cats, moles and animal bites according to claim 1, characterized in that they comprise as capsaicinoid an oil of paprika macerate and / or an oil macerate of cayenne and / or chili pepper. 4. Repellent compositions for the protection of stands against dogs, cats, moles and animal bites according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain potassium soap as a surfactant. Repellent agents for protecting stands against dogs, cats, moles and animal bites according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain coconut and / or palm oil soap as a surfactant. 6. Repellent compositions for the protection of stands against dogs, cats, moles and animal bites according to claim 1, characterized in that they comprise an aqueous dispersion of a styrene acrylate and / or styrene-butadiene copolymer as a copolymer aqueous dispersion. 7. Repellents for the protection of stands against dogs, cats, moles and animal bites according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain, as latex, an aqueous dispersion of vinyl acetate and / or chloroprene latex. 8. Repellents for the protection of stands against dogs, cats, moles and animal bites according to claim 1, characterized in that they have the character of a solution, an aqueous dispersion or a paste. 9. Repellents for the protection of stands against dogs, cats, moles and animal bites according to claim 1, characterized in that the repellents are absorbent-bonded to a solid adsorbent.