SK6890Y1 - Reactor for pyrolysis, thermal decomposition of solid bulk organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

It is described the reactor (1) for the pyrolysis of waste mainly from sewage sludge and sludge from the biogas plant, in which the internal space is formed the reaction chamber (320), around which is arranged a heated hollow cover (32), which is conected with the inlet (30) the heat transfer fluid the reactor (1) and the outlet (34), which is also separated from the internal space of the reactor (1).

Description

The technical solution concerns a reactor for pyrolysis (thermal decomposition) of solid bulk organic waste.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sewage sludge is a product of technological processes of waste water treatment in municipal sewage plants. These are heterogeneous suspensions of organic and inorganic substances, which contain, inter alia, a number of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, molds, yeasts, etc.), some higher organisms (protozoa, vorms, nematodes, etc.) as well as various trace elements including residues some chemicals (drugs, hormones, pesticides, surfactants, etc.).

The sludges from biogas stations are then the product of controlled aerobic or anaerobic bacterial decomposition of organic waste and energy crops. It is a solid predominantly organic material that has a higher pH (usually 7 to 8) and, in addition to residues of various chemicals, also contains relatively high amounts of nitrogen, phytopathogenic plant seeds, and some microorganisms, e.g. potato cancer agent (Synchytrium endobioticium), etc.

Due to their composition, these materials represent hazardous organic waste, which is a serious risk not only to the environment but also to human and animal health. In the Czech Republic alone, more than 200,000 tons of sewage sludge are produced annually and the costs of their storage and handling account for more than half of the total costs of waste water treatment. At present, however, there is no universal method for efficient and at the same time ecological utilization or disposal of these materials - most of them are used as organic fertilizer, a smaller part is burned or gasified.

In order to gasify these materials as well as other types of biomass, a pyrolysis reactor was proposed in patent RU 2393200, which is based on the countercurrent principle and in which a stream of a heat transfer gas medium heated by combustion of process fuel at the bottom of the reactor is supplied. The disadvantage of this solution is that, due to the design of the reactor, the steam-gas pyrolysis products are mixed with the heat-carrying gas medium, so that the steam-gas pyrolysis products are diluted and contaminated, and consequently their energy properties and / or energy are reduced. possibilities of their further use (eg combustion).

The aim of the technical solution is to propose a reactor for pyrolysis of solid loose organic waste (POO), especially sewage sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants and sludge from biogas stations, etc., which would eliminate the disadvantages of known reactors for this or similar purpose.

The essence of the technical solution

The aim of the technical solution is achieved by a reactor for pyrolysis of solid loose organic waste, especially sewage sludge and sludge from a biogas plant, in which an internal reaction space is formed, around which a heated hollow casing of the reaction space is arranged and connected to the inlet of the heat transfer medium into the reactor and with the exit of the heat transfer medium from the reactor and which is closed against the interior of the reactor so as not to mix the steam-gas pyrolysis products with the heat transfer medium.

In order to increase the efficiency of pyrolysis, a lower chamber is arranged downstream of the reaction space in the direction of movement of the solid loose organic waste in the reactor interior space, which comprises at least one heated slanted and / or rounded surface facing at least partially towards the solid loose organic waste outlet. it is connected to the inlet of the heat transfer medium to the reactor and to the outlet of the heat transfer medium from the reactor, or is connected to the inlet of the heat transfer medium to the reactor and / or to the outlet of the heat transfer medium from the reactor. At the same time, this chamber is closed against the interior of the reactor to avoid mixing of the steam-gas pyrolysis products with the heat transfer medium.

The heated inclined and / or rounded surface of the lower chamber is preferably formed by a cone-shaped, truncated cone or truncated cone surface with an inclined upper base.

To further increase pyrolysis efficiency, an upstream chamber is provided downstream of the reactor space in the downstream direction of the solid bulk organic waste, which comprises at least one heated slanted and / or rounded surface facing at least partially to supply solid bulk organic waste to the reactor interior; it is directly connected to the heat transfer medium outlet from the reactor and the heat transfer medium inlet to the reactor, or is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet and / or to the heat transfer medium outlet from the reactor via a hollow jacket of the reaction space and / or lower chamber. At the same time, this chamber is closed against the interior of the reactor to avoid mixing of the steam-gas pyrolysis products with the heat transfer medium.

The heated inclined and / or rounded surface of the upper chamber is preferably formed by a jacket-shaped surface

SK 6890 Υ1 cone, truncated cone or truncated cone with inclined upper base.

In another variant of the reactor according to the invention, the upper chamber, which comprises at least one heated inclined and / or rounded surface facing at least partially the solid particulate organic waste inlet into the reactor interior space, is at least partially contained in the reactor reaction space. Its heated inclined and / or rounded surface preferably has the shape of a cone shell, truncated cone or truncated cone with an inclined upper base.

In this case, the upper chamber does not have to be connected to the inlet and thus also to the outlet of the heat transfer medium into the reactor, and is heated indirectly by heat transfer from the hollow jacket of the reaction space. However, to improve its heating efficiency, it may be connected to the heat transfer medium exit from the reactor and the heat transfer medium entry either directly or at least one of them via the hollow shell of the reaction space and / or the lower chamber. In this case, it is necessary that the upper chamber is closed against the interior of the reactor in order not to mix the steam-gas pyrolysis products with the heat transfer medium.

In this arrangement, it is further preferred that at least a portion of the height of the upper chamber is provided a solid particulate organic waste rectifier at the outlet end of which is disposed a pyrolysis steam stream gas breaker which prevents pyrolysis steam gas products entering the solid bulk organic stream rectifier and slowing its movement. in it.

In the case where a space is created between the outer wall of the hollow jacket of the reaction space and the inner wall of the reactor jacket for design or technological reasons, it is preferable that this space is at least partially blinded and / or filled with suitable thermal insulation material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1a shows a schematic cross-section through a first exemplary variant of a solid particulate organic waste pyrolysis reactor according to the invention; Figs. 1b to 1d show a cross-section through individual elements stored in the reactor interior in the variant of Fig. 1a; 2b to 2d of a reactor for the pyrolysis of solid bulk organic waste according to the invention, and in FIGS.

EXAMPLES

The reactor 1 for the pyrolysis of particulate POO, in particular of sewage sludge and biogas sludge according to the invention, shown in Figures 1a and 2a, comprises a cylindrical steel jacket 2 in which the heat transfer medium line 3 is separated from the interior of the reactor. The reactor 1 is bevelled in its lower part towards the outlet 4 of solid pyrolysis products and its walls here form a conical hopper 40 and in its upper part it is rounded towards the outlet 5 of steam-gas pyrolysis products, which is preferably located at its highest place. In the upper part of the reactor 1, an inlet 6 of loose POO is introduced into its interior through its jacket 2, which in the variants shown is formed by a feed line 60 terminated in a variant shown in FIG. 1a at the longitudinal axis 20 of the jacket 2 of the reactor 1 by a vertical section 61; 2a in the vicinity of this axis 20 through an overflow 62. In both variants, the inlet 6 in the interior of the reactor 1 is led obliquely upwards at an angle of 45 [deg.]. which prevents unwanted penetration of the steam-gas pyrolysis products by means of this inlet 6 outside the reactor 1. In other embodiments not shown, the guide angle of the inlet 6 of the particulate POO may be substantially any other, in particular larger, this inlet 6 may also be formed and / or terminated . opening in the interior of the reactor 1 in another known manner and / or elsewhere - for example, it can also pass the rounded upper part of the jacket 2 of the reactor J. The inlet 6 of the bulk POO is equipped with a suitable conveyor (not shown). screw conveyor.

The heat transfer medium line (gas, flue gas, etc.) separated from the interior of the reactor 1 comprises, in the variant of the reactor 1 shown in FIG. 1a, a lower chamber 31 (see FIG. 1b) which is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet 30 arranged in the lower part of the reactor 1, the hollow shell 32 of the reaction space 320 (see Figure 1c), which communicates with the lower chamber 31 and the upper chamber 33 (Figure 1d), which is connected with the hollow shell 32 of reaction space 320 and connected to the heat transfer outlet 34 In the variant shown in Figure 2a, the heat transfer line 3 separated from the interior of the reactor comprises only a lower chamber 31 (see Figure 2b), which is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet 30, and the hollow shell 32. a reaction space 320 (see Figure 2c), which communicates with the lower chamber 31 and the outlet 34 of the heat transfer medium.

SK 6890 Υ1

The upper chamber 33 (see Figure 2d) is at least partially contained in the reaction space 320 without being connected to its hollow shell 32, so that it does not need to be separated from the interior of the reactor because the heat transfer medium is not introduced therein. However, in a not shown variant of embodiment, the upper chamber 33 can also be connected to the hollow shell 32 of the reaction space 320 and / or the lower chamber 31, and / or separately to the heat transfer medium source and thus form part or separate of the heat transfer medium 3.

The lower chamber 31 is in both embodiments shown a hollow cylindrical chamber, which is arranged coaxially with its jacket 2 in the interior of the reactor 1, its upper part 310 is shaped upwards in the shape of a cone jacket 311 with an apex angle of 90 °. however, of not shown variations, this apex angle may be of a different size and / or the cone 311 may be formed without a apex, e.g. as trimmed or trimmed with an inclined upper base, and the like. In the interior of the lower chamber 31, a cross-section 312 is preferably arranged opposite the outlet of the heat transfer medium inlet 30, which deflects the supplied heat transfer medium to its inclined surface - in the present embodiment into its conical part. The lower chamber 31 is connected by a conduit 3132 to a hollow skirt 32 of the reaction space 320 arranged above it, which conduit 3132 may in particular extend from its conical portion (the variant shown in Figure 1a) or from its cylindrical portion (the variant shown in Figure 2a). or elsewhere.

In other embodiments (not shown), the lower chamber 31 may be formed in any arbitrary manner, the only requirement being that it comprises at least one heated oblique and / or rounded surface facing at least partially the exit of the bulk POO from the reaction space 320. Hollow shell 32 of the reaction space 320 it is formed by a hollow cylindrical body arranged coaxially with the jacket 2 about the reaction chamber 320 in the interior of the reactor 1. 1c and 2c, for example, the shape of an ascending helix, but in other variants (not shown) may have any other shape which ensures the best possible heat exchange between the heat transfer medium introduced into the interior space d The top wall 322 of the hollow shell 32 of the reaction space 320 is in the variant shown in FIGS. lc beveled towards its center, respectively. to enter reaction space 320 of reactor 1 with a top angle of 105 °. However, in other variations (not shown), the apex angle may be of any other suitable size that provides for the displacement of the particulate POO falling on the wall 322 into the reaction space 320, or may be at least partially rounded. The hollow housing 32 of the reaction space 320 is then connected via a conduit 3233 to an upper chamber 33 above it, which conduit 3233 may extend, for example, from its upper tapered wall 322 (a variant shown in Figure 1a), from its inner wall, or elsewhere.

In other embodiments (not shown), the hollow shell 32 of the reaction space 320 may be shaped in any other way, the only requirement being that it comprises a cavity (reaction space 320). wherein the peripheral wall is heated by a heat transfer medium guided in the hollow shell 32 over as much of its surface as possible.

The space 3220 between the outer wall of the hollow casing 32 of the reaction space 320 and the inner wall of the casing 2 of the reactor 1 (if provided for design or technological reasons) is preferably blinded and / or at least partially filled with suitable material pyrolysis formed in the space below it directed only or preferentially to the reaction space 320. A suitable filler is then, in particular, a material with good insulating properties and at the same time refractory, such as e.g. ceramic wadding.

The upper chamber 33 is a hollow cylindrical chamber (see Figure 1d) in the variant shown in Figure 1a, which is coaxially aligned with the jacket 2 of the reactor 1, its upper part 330 being shaped upwardly in the shape of a cone 331 with an apex angle 60 ° and its lower portion 332 is formed downwardly in the shape of a truncated cone 333 with the same apex angle. However, in other variations not shown, the apex angle of at least one of its portions may be of a different size and / or the upper cone 331 may be formed without a apex, e.g. Alternatively, the lower cone 333 may be formed with a vertex, a truncated cone with an inclined base, and so on. In the interior of the upper chamber 33, a cross-member 334 is preferably arranged opposite to the outlet of the conduit 3233, which deflects the supplied heat transfer medium to its inclined surface and / or rounded surface facing the inlet 6 of the bulk particulate POO. The upper chamber 33 is connected via a conduit 3334 to a heat transfer medium outlet 34 from the interior of the reactor. This conduit 3334 may extend, in particular, from its lower conical portion (a variant shown in Figure 1a), the upper conical portion, or elsewhere.

In the variant shown in Figure 2a, around the lower portion 332 of the upper chamber 33, which is shaped like a cone shell 333, is arranged over its entire height or at least a portion of the free flow cone rectifier 35 formed by a frustoconical shell. Its apex angle is preferably equal to the cone apex angle 333 of the lower portion 332 of the upper chamber 33, but in other variations it may be substantially

SK 6890 Υ1 any other, especially larger, to ensure a smooth passage of loose POO. To the top of the lower part 332 of the upper chamber 33 is then connected a steam breaker 36 of the steam-gas pyrolysis products, which in the embodiment shown is a solid disk-shaped body whose upper wall 360 is shaped upwards into a cone 3601 with an apex angle of 90 °. substantially any other, and whose bottom wall 361 is rounded downwardly. However, in other embodiments (not shown), the steam gasifier pyrolysis stream 36 may be formed by at least one otherwise shaped and / or else near the outlet end of the baffle 35 supported by a fixed or movable body. In a not shown variant of embodiment, the striker 36 may be formed by vanes mounted on the surface of the upper chamber 33 and / or the hollow shell 32 of the reaction space 320 and / or in the space therebetween. Another difference from the variant shown in Figure 1a is the shape of the upper wall 322 of the hollow jacket 32 of the reaction space 320, which in this variant is straight, and the location of the upper chamber 33, which is at least partially or entirely arranged in the upper part of the hollow jacket 32 and the fact that the hollow jacket 32 of the reaction space 320 is connected to the heat transfer medium exit 34 of the reactor space. In an unknown embodiment, the upper wall 322 of the hollow jacket 32 of the reaction space 320 may be formed as a tapered surface. and / or rounded toward the entrance to the reaction space 320. In another not-known variant, at the top of the reaction space 320, the inner wall of its hollow shell 32 may be tapered and / or rounded towards its center and better, respectively. thus more closely follow the shape of the upper chamber 33.

Generally, the upper chamber 33 can be shaped in any other way, the only requirement being that it comprises at least one heated inclined and / or rounded surface facing at least partially to the inlet 6 of the particulate POO.

Accordingly, it will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the individual elements of the reactor 1, in particular the heating medium ducts 3 or parts thereof, can be formed and arranged in a substantially arbitrary manner. For example, one of these elements may be located in the interior of the reactor 1 non-aligned with its jacket 2 and / or other elements of the heat transfer medium 3 separated from the interior of the reactor 1, or may have any cross-section other than circular. triangular, quadrilateral or polygonal (regular or irregular). In any other embodiment, however, the upper chamber 33 and the lower chamber 31 must have at least one heated oblique and / or rounded surface facing the inlet 6 of the bulk POO so that the bulk POO can move by gravity thereon while forming into a thin layer. These inclined and / or rounded surfaces can additionally be provided with suitable guide elements (not shown), e.g. grooves and / or guide rails, and / or other protrusions that regulate the movement of the particulate POO layer and / or may be formed with at least two different inclined and / or rounded surfaces of different length and / or skew, and / or rounding - in the case of a conical surface, any of them may comprise at least two sections with different apex angles including zero angle and the like. In addition, the inclined surface may be formed by two inclined walls which form a cutting edge between them or between which a planar or arbitrary spatial surface is arranged.

At least one means for deflecting the supplied heat transfer medium can be provided in each part of the heat transfer medium line 3 separated from the interior of the reactor 1, e.g. to one of its walls, in particular to a wall with an inclined and / or rounded surface. Such a means may be e.g. a plane baffle 312. 321, 334, a spatially formed baffle, orifice, rib, scoop (s) or other suitable means, provided with aperture (s) if necessary.

In other embodiments (not shown), the individual parts of the heat transfer line 3 are connected outside the reactor, or each or any combination of at least two of them is connected to the heat transfer medium source separately, so that they form a separate heat transfer line 3 separated from the interior of the reactor.

The heat transfer medium lines 3 or at least a part thereof are preferably formed of a material with a high heat transfer coefficient, e.g. cast iron, stainless steel, etc.

In operation of reactor 1 according to the technical solution, resp. in the pyrolysis of the bulk POO, a heat transfer medium (gas, flue gas, etc.) is supplied to the heat transfer medium line 3 separated from the interior of the reactor 1, which heats the walls of the lower chamber 31 of the hollow shell 32 of the reaction chamber 320 and the upper chamber 33 ( in the case of the variant in Figure 2a indirectly). In this case, the feed 6 of the bulk SPC is supplied to the interior of the reactor 1 with SPC, in particular sewage sludge and / or sludge from a biogas plant, and the like. transformed during previous drying and crushing / grinding into bulk material. This loose POO then falls on the inclined surface of the upper chamber 33 - in the embodiment shown, to the top and / or near the upper cone 331 by gravity, and moves downwards along this surface, forming into a relatively thin layer, the thickness of which gradually decreases as the slope increases in size. As a result, the heat transfer from the heating medium through the upper wall 33 of the upper chamber to the loose SPC is efficiently transferred and is well overheated throughout the volume, while exceeding the thermal stability limit of the organic compounds contained therein. solid residue - t. j. to pyrolysis. After the fall of loose POO over

According to the design and / or relative positioning of the upper chamber 33 and the hollow shell 32 of the reaction space 320 on the upper wall 322 of the hollow shell 32 of the reaction space 320 and its shape is directed into the reaction space 320 or impinges directly into the reaction space 320. Due to the construction of the hollow sheath 32, it is subjected to the greatest heating and thus its most intense pyrolysis takes place. The remaining free-flowing POO then falls through the reaction space 320 onto the inclined surface of the lower chamber 33 - in the embodiment shown, to or near the top cone 311. After this surface, due to its inclination, it again moves downwards, forming a relatively thin layer. the thickness gradually decreases with further displacement and increasing size of the inclined surface. This results in its final pyrolysis and the release of organic compounds whose pyrolysis has not yet been completed or has not been completely completed. The steam-gas pyrolysis products pass through the whole jacket 2 of the reactor 1 towards the steam-gas pyrolysis product outlet 5 and in the reaction space 320 of the reactor 1 come into contact with falling particulate POO particles which slow down their fall and thereby prolong their presence in the reaction space 320. increase the efficiency of their pyrolysis.

In the operation of the reactor 1 in the variant shown in Figure 2a, the bulk POO after being overflowed from the upper wall 330 of the upper chamber 33 is directed to the reaction space 320 through the bulk material POO line 35. Its solid residues then fall from the reaction chamber 320 to the upper wall 310 of the lower chamber 31. The steam generator gas pyrolysis stream 36 prevents the steam gas pyrolysis products from penetrating into the bulk feed gas line 35, since they would slow it down, thereby bypassing the upper chamber 33. through a widened portion of the reaction space 320 and directed to the exit 5 of the steam-gas pyrolysis products through which they are discharged from the reactor J.

Upon exiting the reactor 1, these steam-gas pyrolysis products are fed to a refrigeration system (not shown) where they are condensed, respectively. to separate their constituents, which are liquid and gaseous under the set conditions. Both types of these components are flammable due to their composition, so that they can be used as fuel, e.g. for the production of electrical and / or thermal energy. Some of them and / or their residual heat can also be used to preheat and / or pre-dry the bulk SPC before it enters and / or after reactor 1, or to generate the electricity required to operate reactor 1 and its operating elements. As a result, the operation of the reactor 1 according to the invention is energetically self-sufficient. Solid pyrolysis products consisting predominantly of ash, slag, or non-flammable impurities of POO, e.g. sand, stones, etc. they then fall into the lower part of the reactor 1 and, due to its shaping, are directed to the outlet 4 of solid particles. From there they are continuously or continuously exported to landfill or for further processing or use.

An advantage of the bulk pyrolysis reactor 1 according to the invention is that the steam-gas pyrolysis products do not come into contact with the heat transfer medium, so that they do not mix or dilute, so that they can be burned immediately. Another significant advantage is that any pyrolysis or higher organisms contained in the POO, e.g. in sewage sludge, biogas sludge or other similar materials, so that the solid pyrolysis residue does not pose any environmental risk in this respect.

When using reactor 1 according to the invention, pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature in the range of about 450 to 650 ° C, but the design of reactor 1 does not prevent it from running at a higher temperature, if necessary for some reason.

A reactor design other than the variants shown in Figures 1 and 2a may also be used for pyrolysis of particulate POO, with the required minimum being a reactor 1 comprising a heat transfer medium conduit 3 separated from the interior of the reactor 1 formed by a minimally heated hollow jacket 32 However, it is preferred that upon leaving the reaction space 320 solid debris of the bulk POO decompose into a thin layer on a heated inclined surface, since the steam-gas pyrolysis products released from this layer form a countercurrent in the reaction space 320 and slow down the movement. loose POO, thereby contributing to its more efficient pyrolysis. However, according to the experiments carried out, the arrangement with the upper chamber 33 upstream of the reaction space 320 in the reactor 1 upstream of the reaction space 320 appears to be most effective. space is then faster and more thorough.

Claims (10)

A reactor (1) for pyrolysis of solid bulk organic waste, in particular sewage sludge and sludge from a biogas plant, characterized in that a reaction chamber (320) is formed in its interior space around which a heated hollow jacket (32) of the reaction reactor is arranged. a space (320) communicating with the inlet (30) of the heat transfer medium to the reactor (1) and the outlet (34) of the heat transfer medium from the reactor (1) and which is separated from the interior of the reactor (1). SK 6890 Υ1 Reactor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a downstream chamber (31) is arranged downstream of the reaction chamber (31) in the direction of movement of the solid bulk organic waste in the interior of the reactor (1) and comprises at least one heated oblique and / or a rounded surface facing at least partially the solid particulate organic waste outlet from the reaction space (320) and communicating with the heat transfer medium inlet (30) to the reactor (1) and the heat transfer medium outlet (34) from the reactor (1) and / or is connected to the inlet (30) of the heat transfer medium to the reactor (1) and / or to the outlet (34) of the heat transfer medium from the reactor (1) via a hollow jacket (32) of the reaction space (320). 1). Reactor (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the heated inclined and / or rounded surface of the lower chamber (31) is formed by a cone-shaped, cone-shaped or cone-shaped surface with an inclined upper base. Reactor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an upstream chamber (33) is arranged upstream of the reaction chamber (33) in the direction of movement of the solid bulk organic waste in the interior of the reactor (1). one heated inclined and / or rounded surface facing at least partially to the solid particulate organic waste inlet (6) to the interior of the reactor (1) and communicating with the heat transfer medium outlet (34) of the reactor (1) and the heat transfer inlet (30) is connected to the reactor (1) and / or connected to the heat transfer medium inlet (30) and / or to the heat transfer medium outlet (34) from the reactor (1) via a hollow jacket (32) of the reaction space (320) and / or a lower chamber (31), which is simultaneously separated from the interior of the reactor (1). Reactor (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the heated inclined and / or rounded surface of the upper chamber (33) is formed by a cone-shaped, cone-shaped or cone-shaped surface with an inclined upper base. Reactor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reaction chamber (320) of the reactor (1) houses at least partially an upper chamber (33) comprising at least one heated inclined and / or rounded surface facing at least partially to an inlet (6) of solid bulk organic waste to the interior of the reactor (1). Reactor (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the heated inclined and / or rounded surface of the upper chamber (33) is formed by a cone-shaped, cone-shaped or cone-shaped surface with an inclined upper base. Reactor (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the upper chamber (33) is connected to the heat transfer medium outlet (34) from the reactor (1) and to the heat transfer medium inlet (30) to the reactor (1) and / or is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet (30) to the reactor (1) and / or to the heat transfer medium outlet (34) from the reactor (1) via a hollow jacket (32) of the reaction space (320) and / or lower chamber (31) and at the same time it is separated from the interior of the reactor (1). Reactor (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that at least a part of the height of the upper chamber (33) is provided a solids organic waste rectifier (35), at the outlet end of which the steam-gas flow breaker (36) is arranged. pyrolysis products, which prevent the steam-gas pyrolysis products from entering the solid particulate organic waste rectifier (35). Reactor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space (3220) between the outer wall of the hollow jacket (32) of the reaction space (320) and the inner wall of the jacket (2) of the reactor (1) is at least partially blanked. or filled with thermal insulation material.