SK6047Y1 - Panel with cellular structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Between parallel layers (1, 2) is fixed a cellular plastic film (3) with empty or filled cells, wherein the parallel layers (1, 2) enclose the holes on both sides of cells. The parallel layers (1, 2) are preferably made of flexible plastic film and preferably form a filler of a loose element (5) of thermal insulation material.

Description

The solution relates to a panel with a built-in cellular structure, which is particularly suitable for building insulation layers in the building industry. The panel can be used especially for subsoil, floor and building cladding.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various types of building panels and insulating panels are currently available on the market. The classic building elements such as bricks, blocks and wood are still mostly used for the buildings themselves. The building panels that are used for construction are generally made of cement-based materials such as concrete, aerated concrete and the like. Building objects made of these materials, or parts thereof, are usually necessary or suitable to be covered with insulating panels, or where appropriate panels of insulating materials are built directly into the floor, subsoil, terrace and the like. Thus, the insulating panels are used as an interlayer or as a surface lining. Existing insulation panels are on the market with a wide range of choice, but as a rule, each type of panels has significant disadvantages.

Usually only different plastic films are used for waterproofing. These films have a simple sheet structure of material, generally supplied in coils. The advantage of the film is that it is flexible and also provides some sound and thermal insulation, although the level of sound and thermal insulation achieved is very poor.

For thermal and acoustic insulation, for example, polystyrene boards or mineral wool boards are used. Polystyrene panels have the advantage of being lightweight and water-absorbent, but have the considerable disadvantage of having low mechanical resistance. They are fragile and may burst when stressed, impacted or leaned against a heavier object. Polystyrene particles can be discharged from possible slits, for example when used under a wood paneling. A further, and fundamental, disadvantage of polystyrene is that it is quite rigid, so that it is difficult to tile uneven or rugged surfaces. Polystyrene panels are widely used for insulating layers, but the effectiveness of noise and thermal insulation is quite limited.

Another known and frequently used means for thermal and acoustic insulation are mineral wool panels. They have the advantage of low weight and, depending on density, also the possibility of bending, but their significant disadvantage is water absorption, softness and minimal mechanical resistance. The fibrous structure of these panels allows the ingress of pests as well as slight damage.

Of these materials, it has no strength so that it can be applied to the load. Neither also has all the required properties at the same time, ie waterproofing, thermal and acoustic insulation, load and tensile strength and resistance.

At present, so-called cellular foil is known in the construction industry. Its arrangement is described, for example, in US Patent 5,449,543 and WO 97/16604. It is formed as a set of strips of plastic foil, the strips of which are connected to each other such that between their walls a set of hollow cell-cells is formed, the cavities of which are transverse in the vertical direction. The cellular foil is largely flexible. For handling and distribution, it is delivered in a folded state where the cell walls are pressed together and spread flat at the site of use to form a structure with open chambers resembling honeycombs. Thus, in the folded state of the cellular foil for distribution and storage, its chambers are flat, two-dimensional, and in the unfolded state for use are three-dimensional, with through holes. This cellular foil is designed to be laid on surfaces eroded by contaminated external terrains, such as river banks or slopes beside roads, or also by mining shafts, where it is placed in order to prevent loose stone from falling off and unwanted crumbling and breaking off elements from the surface. . It is also used to reinforce a subsoil, such as roads or railways, where it spreads freely on the subsoil after uncovering and removal of topsoil, or on a gravel and / or sand drainage cushion. Here it is then poured with gravel and poured with concrete and eventually poured over asphalt. Sometimes it is directly poured in concrete. Different types of cellular foil are already available in different types and designs, some of which have cell walls equipped with perforation to allow water to pass through and to eliminate unwanted pressures in the building. For all previously known applications, the cellular foil is overfilled with loose materials, whereby its chambers are filled and overlaid with a solidifying or non-solidifying bulk material. When used on construction sites, a heavy technique is commonly used for this cellular foil when it is placed on site, followed by pouring it with gravel using dredgers and then rolling with a road compaction roller.

The document CZ U 9885 discloses an insulating panel which consists of parallel layers, for example a board of insulating material, which are connected to each other by means of a grate. There are at least two parallel layers and a grid between them forms a spacer, through which a system of hollow chambers is formed in the panel. There is air, gas or vacuum in the chambers. The grate is made of metal, plastic or paper. This panel is strong, rigid and water resistant. It has certain but insufficient insulating properties.

SK 6047 Υ1

The essence of the technical solution

These disadvantages are largely eliminated by the technical solution. The solution proposes a new panel for use in construction, with an internal cellular structure. The new panel is a body comprising at least two parallel layers of an impermeable, waterproof material, of which at least one parallel layer forms the face of the panel and at least one forms the back wall of the panel. The essence of the new solution is that a flexible cellular plastic foil is fixed between the parallel layers. A constructional cellular foil is used, i.e. a structure formed as a system of strips of bonded material such that the bonded strips form intermediate chambers with a honeycomb-like configuration. In the panel according to the invention, the cellular foil is fixed in a spreaded state, i.e. in a state where the cells of the cellular foil are three-dimensional, the parallel layers being applied to the cellular foil from both sides so as to cover the openings of the cells. Thus, one of the parallel layers lies on the cell inlet side of the cellular foil and the other on the outlet side of the cellular foil.

Preferably, both the parallel layers and the cellular foil consist of a plastic-based material. This allows for easy joining of these materials, tensile and compressive strength, as well as flexibility, preventing tensile and compressive cracking, and giving the panel mechanical resistance.

The parallel layers are preferably of a flexible material. This allows the panels to be bent as needed. The cellular foil of plastic is equally flexible and therefore the panels in this embodiment are able to conform to the shape of the surface. This makes it possible to use these panels also for uneven surfaces, for covering corners, protrusions, etc., which is a significant advantage that other mechanically resistant building materials usually do not have.

A cover wall may be formed on at least one circumferential side of the panel. This achieves reinforcement and form alignment at the periphery of the panel.

Preferably, the cover wall may be on all circumferential sides of the panel. This creates a peripheral frame of the panel. It is advantageous to make the cover wall or walls of a flexible material, since this results in a flexible peripheral frame. The peripheral frame may be formed, for example, by the elongation and folding of the material of the face and / or the back wall of the panel, or as an embedded frame, but also as a sewn or ironed web of material and the like.

In the panel according to the invention, the cell foil chambers may be empty. In this case, their cavities are filled only with air and form air insulating cavities. Some of the chambers may be used for reinforcing or fastening elements, in which case they preferably remain empty, without filling, in a predominant number of chambers. The panels thus formed have the advantage of being lightweight, flexible and very flexible in shape. In this case, the parallel layers can be loosely laid over the chambers, or they can be attached to the edges of the chambers so that they close the openings of these chambers solid on both opposite sides of the cellular foil.

Alternatively, preferably with greater insulating capability in terms of sound and heat insulation, the cell foil chambers in the panel may be filled with a suitable insulating material. Preferably, the contained material is free-flowing, but in that case it is necessary for the parallel layers to be attached to the edges of the chambers so that they close the openings of the chambers firmly on both opposite sides of the cellular foil.

The cell padding may be uniform or varied, ranging from the size of the dust particles to larger particles, for example also according to the height of the cellular foil used. This may have a height of, for example, from 2 cm to 30 cm, and in particular, depending on the size and purpose of the panel, a cellular foil with a larger or smaller cell diameter may also be selected. The bulk filling of the cells is preferably predominantly of particles with a particle size of up to 6.5 cm in diameter.

Advantageously, the filling of the chambers is formed, at least in part, by particles of bulk material having thermally insulating properties, for example glass and / or polystyrene-based particles.

In addition to the new construction of panels for the new panel according to the technical solution and designed a new type of filler. The filling of the chambers preferably comprises at least in part particles based on sintered glass and / or waste glass pulp and / or glass meal. This filler is environmentally friendly and has many benefits. The panel with this filler does not absorb water, is breathable and has a relatively low weight. It has excellent thermal and sound insulation properties. It can be easily disposed of without burdening the environment. It also allows the secondary use of glass-based wastes. This filler is well stored and is health-friendly. It also allows for the easy manufacture of panels, since by using this filler the parallel layers can be attached to the cellular foil simply by cementing or ironing, using heat.

The technical solution assumes production of new panels especially in the form of waterproofing, ie without holes. However, in the case of a preference for breathability, it is preferred that the walls of the cellular foil cells, and optionally also at least one parallel layer, are perforated. The air vents then allow a high degree of vapor permeability and ventilation.

The proposed panel can be used in construction, both for laying and lining. It can be used, for example, for insulating floor structures, as roof insulation and / or as interior or exterior cladding for buildings and other structures. It may have a coating that allows its use without further cladding,

SK 6047 Υ1 or it can serve as a layer, which is equipped with another, for example solid, cladding. It can be used for insulation against moisture, for thermal insulation, for sound insulation. It can also be used for uneven surfaces. The panel can be made in a flexible form that can be rotated and modeled. It can therefore also be used for complicated ceiling constructions and corrugated walls and for acute angles. Panels can be made to measure, with different dimensions and height. Waste materials such as building and waste glass and the like can be used for secondary production. The panel does not crush, crack, twist upon contact with water and has a low weight compared to other panels such as plasterboard or concrete. The manufacture of the proposed panel is relatively unpretentious in terms of materials, handling, operation and qualification, and thus allows the panel to be available to both the manufacturer and the consumer at low purchase costs. A cellular foil of suitable, selectable height, preferably 2 to 30 cm, with smaller or larger chambers due to the required flexibility of the panel, the chamber filling used, the space and other conditions at the panel application site and the like may be used in the panel. If vapor permeability and air permeability is desired, a perforated cellular foil can be used in the panel and the desired degree of air permeability can be increased by using a set of air vents in one or both parallel layers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The technical solution is explained by means of the drawings, where FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view of an exemplary panel with a bulk filler according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a detail of the panel with fused bonding of the parallel layers to the cell foil chambers; FIG. 3 shows a detail of a panel with an adhered attachment of parallel layers to the cell foil chambers; FIG. 4 shows an exemplary panel with ventilation openings in the cellular foil walls and parallel layers; and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary hollow chamber panel and resilient frame.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

An illustrative example of an optimum embodiment of the invention is the cell structure panel of FIG. 1 and 2.

The panel is a flat body whose face and back walls are formed in parallel by layers 1, 2 of a water-resistant, impermeable material. For example, it may be a flexible film of polypropylene, high density polypropylene, and the like. When the panel is placed on a horizontal surface, one of these layers 1, 2 is located at the bottom and the other one at the top, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2. A cellular foil 3 is attached between the parallel layers 1, 2. A cellular foil 3 is commercially available and is nowadays commonly used for embedding in the field, for example, in road construction or in greening slopes around roads and rivers. It consists of plastic strips joined together to form a set of chambers 4 which are transient in the top-down direction. The cells 4 of the cellular foil 3 in the panel are filled with loose material of different sized particles 5. The layers 1, 2 are attached to the edges of the cells 4 and close the openings of these cells 4 firmly on both opposite sides of the cellular foil 3. In an embodiment, particles 5 with a dust size up to a diameter of 6.5 cm, based on a so-called sintered glass.

Said materials are not a requirement, but are preferably recommended. This panel is waterproofing and heat and sound insulating. It is water and high tensile and pressure resistant. The combination of a certain degree of elastic layers 1, 2 and cellular foil 3 allows the flexibility of the panel, which can be used for both laying and lining.

In the manufacture of the panel, the bulk material in the chambers 4 can be compacted, for example, by passing the roll. The panel may have dimensions and height as needed and depending on whether it will be used for laying, for example to provide insulation to the floor, or whether it will be used for lining.

The panel shown in FIG. 2, has parallel layers 1, 2 attached to the edges of the chambers 4 by fusion. Advantageous are the seamless joints between the walls of the cells 4 and the layers 1, 2 and the ease of manufacture.

Example 2

Another embodiment of the invention is the cell structure panel of FIG. Third

The panel has a similar design to the previous one, but its parallel layers 1, 2 are fixed to the chambers 4 by bonding, with adhesive 6. The adhesive 6 can be coated with the entire parallel layer f, 2 as shown in the figure, or the adhesive 6 can only be applied 3 also shows the possibility that, for example, one of the parallel layers 1, 2, for example the face, in this case the upper parallel layer 2, may be formed by a plate of rigid or flexible material. This panel has a high mechanical surface resistance.

SK 6047 Υ1

Example 3

Another embodiment of the invention is the cell structure panel of FIG. 4th

This panel has a similar design to that of the first example, except that the walls of the cells 4 of the cellular foil 3 as well as the two parallel layers J, 2 are perforated, provided with a set of ventilation openings 7.

Example 4

Another embodiment of the invention is the cell structure panel of FIG. 5th

The panel is in the form of a flat body, the front and back walls of which consist of parallel layers 1, 2, for example of a flexible plastic-reinforced plastic canvas. When the panel is placed on a horizontal surface, one of these layers 1, 2 is at the bottom and the other at the top. A flexible plastic cellular foil 3 is fastened between the parallel layers 1, 2. The cells 4 of the cellular foil 3 are free of filling, and their cavities in the panel serve as air insulating cavities. The layers 1, 2 are loosely laid over the cellular foil 3 and cover the openings of their cells 4 on both opposite sides of the cellular foil 3.

The panel comprises a flexible circumferential frame formed by four circumferential cover walls 8. The panel is made of an insulating canvas rectangle, one part of which forms the lower parallel layer 1 down and the other part is folded up through the cellular foil 3, where it forms the upper parallel layer 2. the walls 8 of the panel form the folded edges of the canvas. The whole is held together by means of pins 9 on the principle of rivets which are punctured through parallel layers 1, 2 and the cell foil compartments 4. In FIG. 5, for clarity, the panel is shown in partial section, after cutting off the front cover wall 8 and part of the top parallel layer 2.

This panel is waterproofing and to a large extent also heat and sound insulating. It is water resistant, tensile and to some extent resistant to pressure. Its main advantage is very low weight combined with flexibility and good flexibility.

The exemplary embodiments presented herein demonstrate the breadth of the invention, but do not limit it in any way. A different combination of the described features is also possible. For example, the panel may additionally be provided with a suitable surface treatment, such as a glued wooden board, decorative foil with printing, and the like. The panel can then advantageously be used, for example, also for exterior cladding of buildings or surface cladding of interiors, where the face side can be provided, for example, with an imitation of another material. Alternatively, one of the parallel layers 1, 2 of the panel may be of differently selected material, optionally both. The panels may also be filled with materials other than said particles 5, for example sand, ceramic pulp and others.

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Claims (11)

A cellular structure panel in the form of a transportable body comprising at least two parallel layers (1, 2) of an impermeable water-resistant material with a filler between them, at least one of these parallel layers (1, 2) forming the face of the panel and at least one forms the back wall of the panel, characterized in that the filling between the parallel layers (1, 2) is a flexible plastic cellular foil (3) of strips of bonded material with chambers (4) which is fixed between the parallel layers (1, 2) with the chambers (4) in a spreading state, the parallel layers (1,2) covering the openings of the chambers (4) on opposite sides of the cellular foil (3). The cellular structure panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel layers (1, 2) also consist of a plastic-based material. The cellular structure panel according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that both the cellular foil and the parallel layers (1, 2) are flexible. The cellular structure panel according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a cover wall (8) is formed on at least one peripheral side thereof. The cellular structure panel according to claim 4, characterized in that it is provided on its periphery with cover walls (8) forming a peripheral frame around the spread cellular foil (3), preferably of a flexible plastic-based material. The cellular structure panel according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cells (4) of the cellular foil (3) are at least predominantly empty and form air insulating cavities in the panel. Cell structure panel according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the cell foil chambers (4) are filled, preferably with loose material, wherein the parallel layers (1, 2) are attached to the edges of the chambers (4) and enclose them. openings of these chambers (4) firmly on both opposite sides of the cellular foil (3). The cellular structure panel according to claim 7, characterized in that the filling of the cells (4) consists predominantly of particles (5) with a dust size of up to 6.5 cm in diameter. SK 6047 Υ1 The cellular structure panel according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the filling of the cells (4) is formed by particles (5) of a thermally insulating material, for example based on glass and / or polystyrene. A cellular structure panel according to claim 9, characterized in that the filling of the cells (4) is formed at least in part by particles (5) based on sintered glass and / or waste glass and / or glass waste 5 flours. The cellular structure panel according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the walls of the cell foil chambers (4), and optionally also at least one parallel layer (1, 2), are perforated, provided with a plurality of ventilation openings (7). .