CZ2010439A3 - Panel with cellular structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Between the parallel panels (1, 2) of the panel, a plastic cellular foil (3) with empty or filled chambers (4) is fixed, while the parallel layers (1, 2) close the openings of the chambers (4) on both sides. The parallel layers (1, 2) are formed of a flexible plastic film and the fillers are bulk particles (5) of a heat-insulating material of up to 6.5 cm in size, for example, of special glass and / or scrap glass and / or glass flour and / or polystyrene. The walls of the compartments (4) and optionally the parallel layers (1, 2) may be perforated and the panel may be provided with circumferential reinforcing walls (8).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a panel with a built-in cellular structure, which is particularly suitable for building insulating layers in the building industry. The panel can be used especially for subsoil, flooring and building cladding.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various types of building panels and insulation panels are currently available on the market. There are still mostly classical building elements such as bricks, blocks and wood used for the buildings themselves. Building panels which are used for construction are generally made of cement-based materials such as concrete, aerated concrete, etc. Building objects made of these materials or parts thereof usually need or are to be lined with insulating panels, or possibly with panels of insulating materials Insulation panels are therefore used as an intermediate layer or as a surface lining. Existing insulation panels are on the market in a wide range of choices, but as a rule, each type of panels exhibits significant disadvantages.

Usually only different plastic films are used for waterproofing. These films have a simple sheet structure of material usually supplied in rolls. The advantage of the film is that it is flexible and also provides some sound and heat insulation, but the achieved level of sound and heat insulation is very poor.

For thermal and acoustic insulation, for example, polystyrene boards or mineral wool boards are used. Polystyrene boards have the advantage of being lightweight and water-absorbent, but they have the considerable disadvantage of low mechanical resistance. They are fragile and may crack when subjected to stress, impact, or against a heavier object. Polystyrene particles may be discharged from possible loopholes, for example when used under wood cladding. Another, and fundamental disadvantage of polystyrene is that it is completely rigid, making it difficult to clad with uneven or rugged surfaces. Styrofoam panels are widely used for insulation layers, but the noise and thermal insulation performance is relatively limited.

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Another known and frequently used means for thermal and acoustic insulation are mineral wool panels. They have the advantage of low weight and, depending on density, the possibility of bending, but their significant disadvantages are water absorption, softness and minimal mechanical resistance. The fibrous structure of these panels allows pests to enter, as well as easy damage.

Of the above materials, it has no strength that can be applied to the load area. Neither has all the required properties, ie waterproofing, thermal and acoustic insulation, load and tensile strength.

The so-called cellular foil is currently known in the construction industry. Its arrangement is described, for example, in US Pat. 5,449,543 and WO 97/16604. It is formed as a set of strips of plastic foil, which strips are connected to each other such that between their walls a set of hollow cell-cells is formed, the cavities of which pass through in the vertical direction. The cellular foil is largely flexible. For handling and distribution, it delivers in a collapsed state where the cell walls are compressed together and spread flat at the point of use, creating an open-honeycomb-like honeycomb structure. Thus, in the composition state of the cellular foil for distribution and storage, its chambers are flat, two-dimensional, and in the disassembled state for its use are three-dimensional, with through holes. This cellular foil is designed to be laid on surfaces eroded by contaminated outdoor terrains, such as river banks or slopes at roads, or also by the foundation of mine shafts, where it is placed in order to prevent the dropping of loose stones and unwanted crumbling and breaking of elements from the surface. . It is also used for reinforcing a subsoil, such as a road or rail, where it spreads freely on the subsoil after uncovering and removal of topsoil, or on a drainage pillow of gravel and / or sand. Here it is then poured with gravel and watered with concrete and eventually overfilled with road asphalt. Sometimes it is directly watered with concrete. Different types of cellular foil are already available in different types and designs, some of which have cell walls perforated to allow water to pass through and eliminate unwanted pressures in the building. For all prior art applications, the cellular foil is overfilled with bulk materials, filling its chambers and overlaying with a solidified or non-solidified bulk material. When used on construction sites, the cellular foil is commonly used with a heavy • MM technique, where it is placed in the place of use followed by pouring it with gravel using excavators and subsequently traveling with a road compaction roller.

The document CZ U 9885 describes an insulating panel which consists of parallel layers, for example sheets of insulating material, which are connected to each other by means of a grate. There are at least two parallel layers and a grid between them forms a spacer, through which a panel of hollow chambers is formed in the panel. There is air, gas or vacuum in the chambers. The grate is made of metal, plastic or paper. This panel is strong, rigid and water resistant. It has certain but insufficient insulating properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above disadvantages are largely overcome by the invention. The invention proposes a new panel for use in construction, with an internal cellular structure. The new panel is a body comprising at least two parallel layers of an impermeable, waterproof material, of which at least one parallel layer forms the face wall of the panel and at least one forms the back wall of the panel. The essence of the new solution is that a flexible cellular plastic foil is fixed between the parallel layers. A constructional cellular foil is used, i.e. a structure formed as a system of strips of bonded material such that the bonded strips form through cells, with a honeycomb-like configuration. In the panel according to the invention, the cellular foil is fixed in a stretched state, i.e. in a state where the cells of the cellular foil are three-dimensional, the parallel layers being applied to the cellular foil from both sides so as to cover the cell openings. Thus, one of the parallel layers lies on the side of the cell membrane inlets and the other on the cell outlet side

Preferably both the parallel layers and the cellular foil consist of a plastic-based material. This allows easy joining of these materials, tensile and compressive strength as well as flexibility, preventing tensile and compressive cracking and giving the panel mechanical resistance.

The parallel layers are preferably of a flexible material. This allows the panels to be bent as needed. The cellular plastic foil is also flexible, and therefore the panels in this embodiment are able to conform to the shape of the surface. This makes it possible to use these panels also for uneven surfaces, for cladding corners, protrusions, etc., which is a significant advantage that other mechanically resistant building materials usually do not have.

A cover wall may be formed on at least one circumferential side of the panel. This results in reinforcement and form alignment at the perimeter of the panel.

Preferably, the cover wall may be on all circumferential sides of the panel. This creates a peripheral frame of the panel. It is preferable to make the cover wall or walls of a flexible material, since this results in the formation of a flexible peripheral frame. The perimeter frame can be formed, for example, by the elongation and folding of the material of the face and / or back of the panel, or as an embedded frame, but also as a sewn or ironed strip of material, etc.

In the panel according to the invention, the cell foil chambers may be empty. In this case, their cavities are filled only with air and form air insulating cavities. Some chambers may be used for reinforcing or fastening elements, in which case preferably the chambers will remain empty, without filler, in a predominant number. The panels formed in this way have the advantage of being lightweight, flexible and very flexible in shape. In this case, the parallel layers may be loosely laid over the chambers, or they may be attached to the edges of the chambers so that they close the openings of the chambers firmly on both opposite sides of the cellular foil.

Alternatively, preferably with greater insulating capability in terms of sound and thermal insulation, the cell foil chambers in the panel may be filled with a suitable insulating material. Preferably, the material is free-flowing, but in that case it is necessary for the parallel layers to be attached to the edges of the cells such that they seal the openings of the cells firmly on both opposite sides of the cellular foil.

The cell padding may be homogeneous or diverse, ranging from dust particle size to larger particle size, for example also according to the height of the cellular foil used. This may have a height of, for example, from 2 cm to 30 cm and, depending on the size and purpose of the panel, a cellular foil with a larger or smaller cell diameter may also be chosen. Preferably, the bulk cell filler consists of particles having a particle size of up to 6.5 cm in diameter.

Preferably, the cell filler forms at least in part particles of bulk material having thermal insulating properties, for example glass and / or polystyrene-based particles.

In addition to the new panel construction, a new type of filler is also proposed for the new panel according to the invention. The cell filler preferably comprises at least in part particles based on sintered glass and / or waste glass and / or glass meal. This filler is environmentally friendly and has many benefits. The panel with this filler does not absorb water, is breathable and has a relatively low weight. It has excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation properties. It can be easily disposed of without burdening the environment. It also enables secondary recovery of glass-based wastes. This filler is well stored and is harmless to health. It also allows for the easy manufacture of panels, since by using this filler, the parallel layers can be attached to the cellular foil simply by cementing or ironing, using heat.

The invention envisages the production of new panels especially in the form of waterproofing, i.e. without holes. However, in the case of a preference for breathability, it is preferred that the walls of the cellular foil cells, and possibly also at least one parallel layer, are perforated. Ventilation openings then allow a high degree of vapor permeability and ventilation.

The proposed panel can be used in construction, both for laying and lining. It can be used, for example, to insulate floor constructions, as roof insulation, and / or as interior or exterior cladding of buildings and other structures. It may have a coating allowing its use without further cladding, or it may serve as a layer that is provided with a further, for example, rigid cladding. It can be used for insulation against moisture, for thermal insulation, for sound insulation. It can also be used for uneven surfaces. The panel can be made in a flexible form that can be rotated and modeled. It can therefore also be used for complicated ceiling constructions and corrugated walls and for sharp angles. The panels can be made to measure, of various dimensions and height. Waste raw materials such as building and waste glass, etc. may be used in the secondary production. The panel does not crumble, crack, collapse upon contact with water and has a low weight compared to other panels such as plasterboard or concrete. The production of the designed panel is relatively easy to use for materials, handling, service and qualification, thus enabling the panel to be available to manufacturers and consumers at low cost. A cellular foil of suitable, optional height, preferably 2 to 30 cm, with smaller or larger chambers with respect to the required flexibility of the panel, used cell filling, spatial and other local conditions may be used in the panel. · * 4 · Φ V · 4 · * Φ Φ · * * · φ · * · 4 Φφφφ aplikace · φ · · ♦ · φ · φφφφ * panel application, etc. If required for vapor permeability and breathability, it is possible to use perforated cellular foil and increase the desired degree of breathability by using a set of air vents in one or both parallel layers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of an exemplary filler panel according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a detail of a panel with fused bonding of parallel layers to the cellular foil chambers; 4 shows an exemplary panel with ventilation openings in the walls of the cellular foil and parallel layers; and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary panel with hollow cells and a resilient frame.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1

An illustrative example of an optimum embodiment of the invention is the cell structure panel of FIGS. 1 and 2.

The panel is a flat body whose face and back faces are formed by parallel layers of 1.2 of a water resistant, impermeable material. It may be, for example, a flexible foil of polypropylene, high density polypropylene, etc. When the panel is placed on a horizontal backing, one of these layers 1,2 is at the bottom and the other at the top, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The cellular foil 3 is commercially available and is nowadays commonly used for embedding in the field, for example in road construction or in the greening of slopes around roads and rivers. It consists of plastic strips interconnected so as to form a set of chambers 4 which are passable from top to bottom. The cells 4 of the cellular foil 3 in the panel are filled with loose material of different sized particles 5. The layers 1,2 are attached to the edges of the cells 4 and close the openings of these cells 4 firmly on both opposite sides.

In this optimum embodiment, the filling of the cells 4 consists of particles 5 with a dust size of up to 6.5 cm in diameter, based on so-called sintered glass.

Said materials are not a requirement, but are preferably recommended. This panel is waterproofing and heat and sound insulating. It is water resistant and highly resistant to tension and pressure. The combination of the resilient layers 1,2 and the cellular foil 3 to some extent allows the flexibility of the panel, which can also be used as a lining.

In the manufacture of the panel, the bulk material in the chambers 4 can be compacted, for example by moving the roller. The panel may have dimensions and height as needed and depending on whether it will be used for laying, for example, to create floor insulation, or whether it will be used for cladding.

The panel shown in Fig. 2 _T has parallel layers 1,2 attached to the edges of the chambers 4 by fusion. The advantage is seamless joints between the walls of the chambers 4 and the layers 1.2 and easy manufacturing.

Example 2

Another embodiment of the invention is the cell structure panel of FIG. 3.

The panel has a similar embodiment to the previous one, but its parallel layers 1,2 are secured to the chambers 4 by bonding, by means of adhesive 6. Adhesive 6 can be applied to the entire parallel layer 1,2 as shown in the figure, or adhesive 6 can only be applied to Figure 3 also shows the possibility that, for example, one of the parallel layers 1.2, for example the face layer, in this case the upper parallel layer 2, may consist of a sheet of rigid or flexible material. This panel has a high mechanical surface resistance.

Example 3

Another embodiment of the invention is the cell structure panel of FIG.

This panel has a similar design to that of the first example, except that the walls of the cells 4 of the cellular foil 3 as well as the two parallel layers 1,2 are perforated, provided with a set of ventilation openings 7.

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Example 4

Another embodiment of the invention is the cell structure panel of FIG. 5.

The panel has the form of a flat body, the front and back walls of which consist of parallel layers 1,2, for example of fiber-reinforced flexible plastic canvas. When the panel is placed on a horizontal surface, one of these layers 1,2 is at the bottom and the other at the top. A flexible plastic cellular foil is fixed between the parallel layers 1,2

3. The cells 4 of the cellular foil 3 are free of filling, and their cavities in the panel serve as air insulating cavities. The layers 1,2 are loosely laid over the cellular foil 3 and cover the openings of its cells 4 on both opposite sides of the cellular foil 3.

The panel comprises a flexible circumferential frame formed by four circumferential cover walls 8. The panel is made of an insulating canvas rectangle, one part of which forms the lower parallel layer 1 at the bottom and the other part is folded above the cellular foil 3 where it forms the upper parallel layer 2. the walls 8 of the panel form folded edges of the canvas. The assembly is held together by rivet pins 9 which are interwoven through parallel layers 1,2 and cellular foil chamber 4. In FIG. 5, the panel is shown in partial section after cutting off the front cover wall 8 and a portion of the top parallel Layer 2.

This panel is waterproofing and to a large extent also thermal and acoustic insulation. It is water resistant, tensile and to some extent resistant to pressure. Its main advantage is very low weight combined with flexibility and good flexibility.

The exemplary embodiments shown herein demonstrate the scope of the invention, but do not limit it in any way. A different combination of the features described above is also possible. For example, the panel may additionally be provided with a suitable surface treatment such as a glued wood board, decorative foil with printing, etc. The panel may then advantageously be used, for example, for exterior cladding of buildings or interior surface cladding. imitating another material. Alternatively, one of the parallel layers 1,2 of the panel, or both, may be of differently selected material. The panel may be filled with materials other than the above-mentioned particles 5, for example sand, ceramic grit, etc.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS A cell structure panel in the form of a portable body comprising at least two parallel layers (1, 2) of an impermeable water-resistant material with a filler between them, at least one of these parallel layers (1, 2) forming the face of the panel and at least one forms the back wall of the panel, characterized in that the filling between the parallel layers (1, 2) is a flexible plastic cellular foil (3) of strips of bonded material with chambers (4), which is fixed between the parallel layers (1, 2). with the chambers (4) spread out, the parallel layers (1,2) covering the openings of the chambers (4) on opposite sides of the cellular foil (3). The cellular structure panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel layers (1, 2) also consist of a plastic-based material. The cellular structure panel according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that both the cellular foil and the parallel layers (1, 2) are flexible. The cellular structure panel according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a cover wall (8) is formed on at least one peripheral side thereof. The cellular structure panel according to claim 4, characterized in that it is provided on its periphery with cover walls (8) forming a peripheral frame around the spread cellular foil (3), preferably of a flexible plastic-based material. Cell structure panel according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cell foil chambers (4) are at least predominantly empty and form air insulating cavities in the panel. Cell structure panel according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the cells (4) of the cellular foil (3) are filled, preferably with loose material, the parallel layers (1, 2) being attached to the edges of the cells (4). and closing the openings of these cells (4) firmly on both opposite sides of the cellular foil (3). The cellular structure panel according to claim 7, characterized in that the filling of the cells (4) consists predominantly of particles (5) with a dust size of up to 6.5 cm in diameter. A cellular structure panel according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the filling of the cells (4) is formed by particles (5) of a thermal insulating material, for example based on glass and / or polystyrene. The cellular structure panel according to claim 9, characterized in that the filling of the cells (4) consists at least in part of particles (5) based on sintered glass and / or waste glass and / or glass meal. The cellular structure panel according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the walls of the cellular foil cells (4), and optionally also at least one parallel layer (1, 2), are perforated with a plurality of ventilation openings (7). ).