SK5190Y1 - Roofing - Google Patents

Abstract

Isradimas priklauso stogo dengiamosioms medziagoms, ypac lankscioms stogo dengiamosioms medziagoms. Isradimo tikslas yra padidinti stogo dengiamosios medziagos susijungimo su saugomu pavirsiumi kokybe del optimalaus adhezijos tasku paskirstymo stogodengiamojoje medziagoje. Stogo dengiamoji medziaga apima pagrinda (4), pagaminta kaip pluostini laksta (2) su impregnatu (1), turinti pirmaji (30) ir antraji (31) didelius pavirsius, du dangos sluoksnius (3), isdestytus ant pirmojo (30) ir antrojo (31) dideliu pavirsiu, ir profiliuota sluoksni (5) su igilinimais (7) ir iskilimais (6), isdestyta ant vieno is dangos sluoksniu (3), o taip pat plevele, patalpinta ant iskilimu (6), formuojant tustumas (32) tarp pleveles (8) ir profiliuoto sluoksnio (5). Iskilimai (6) pagaminti taip, kad ju pavirsius, atsuktas i priesinga puse nuo pagrindo (4), turi antro laipsnio lygaus pavirsiaus fragmento forma. Stogo dengiamosios medziagos pritvirtinimui ant stogo pagrindo nuo jos aplydimu pasalinama plevele(8), naudojant d

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to a roof covering belonging to flexible roofing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are commonly known materials with a foil-like structure, such as pre-coated asphalt organic strips consisting of three main layers: cardboard that serves as reinforcement, asphalt with a smooth surface on both sides of the cardboard and another layer: a spreading component. Another example is the roofing material from which the SHINGLAS elastic flooring is made (Guidelines for the use of 'TechnoNICOL' on sloping roofs. M .: «TechnoNICOL», 2002, pages 3 - 4). The covering is based on glass fibers which are impregnated with 1 polymer-modified asphalt and with an asphalt top layer on both sides. This roofing material has a basalt granulation coating on the top composite layer and a self-adhesive coating in the form of a smooth layer of frost-resistant polymer-asphalt mixture, which is covered with an easily separable silicone film on the opposite side of the top composite layer. If the roofing is constructed using such materials, the bonding does not heat sufficiently evenly and not completely adhere to the roofing substrate (air bubbles may remain between the roofing and the substrate; there may be irregularities in the roofing, etc.) and therefore the quality is the coverings produced by the use of such roofing are reduced.

The closest technical solution is an asphalt strip roofing material (license US 52327963, priority 10.07.89), which comprises an asphalt layer with a thermally activated adhesive layer that is applied on one of its two opposite sides and is covered with a thin plastic film. The adhesive layer consists of a structure of parallel alternating grooves and continuous ribs, the distance between the grooves being not less than 10 mm. In particular, the grooves may be located in the longitudinal direction of the roof covering. In cross-section perpendicular to the surface of the roof covering and its length, the grooves and ribs of the adhesive layer have the shape of equilateral triangles. When the roof covering is heated on the side of the adhesive layer, for example by hot air, the plastic sheet melts. The top of the ribs will soften and melt, but since the heating is not homogeneous, the ribs may become deformed and their profile and shape will change. A heated foil-free roofing is applied as an adhesive layer to the roofing substrate and pressed against the substrate. The roofing material adheres to the substrate, but the adhesion between the roofing material and the substrate is incomplete and the adhesion quality is insufficient due to the deformation and the small contact surface with the substrate. Therefore, the possibilities of using such a roof covering are limited.

A disadvantage of this particular technical solution is the poor quality of adhesion between the roof covering and the surface to be protected.

The aim of the technical solution is to increase the quality of adhesion between the roofing and the substrate by means of an efficient distribution of adhesion points by means of the proposed roofing.

The essence of the technical solution

The desired aim is achieved by a roof covering according to the invention, which consists in that it consists of a base in the form of a reinforcement fabric with an impregnation fabric having first and second large surfaces, two profiled layers disposed on said first and second large surfaces and profiled a layer with protrusions and grooves disposed on one of the upper composite layers and a film disposed on said protrusions forming gaps between said film and said profiled layer. Said projections are formed such that their surface facing in the direction opposite to said base has the shape of a fragment of the plane of the second degree of smoothness.

Said protrusions are constructed such that their surface, facing the opposite side of said base, looks like a smooth second stage surface.

The base is made in the form of reinforcement, which is formed by a fabric (fabric fibers are shown as circles), which is coated with an impregnation 1 with identical upper composite layers which are applied on both large surfaces.

The top composite layers may also comprise a spreading material located above them, with the spreading particles adhered thereto or penetrating inside the top composite layers, or both (the spreading material is not shown in the figures).

The profiled layer made of the coating material is located on one of the large surfaces (in the present embodiment it is on the other large surface) of the base above the top composite layer. The profiled layer is formed by alternating protrusions and grooves.

The projections facing in the opposite direction to the foundation direction have the shape of a second-degree smooth surface (I.N. Bronštejn, K.A, Semenďajev. Mathematics directory for engineers and higher education students

SK 5190 Υ1 (Mathematical Register for Engineers and University Students). (M. Nauka, 1980, pp. 329,451).

The protrusions may be, for example, a second degree smooth surface fragment with a symmetry center - an ellipsoid (flattened rotating ellipsoid, an elongated rotary ellipsoid, sphere) or a second degree smooth surface fragment without a symmetry center (elliptical cylinder, hyperbolic cylinder) cross section), parabolic cylinder).

In this case, the second stage smooth surface fragment indicates a portion formed by intersecting the entire surface with a plane and represents a smaller portion of the surface. At the same time, it is appropriate to limit the projection of the points of the second surface smooth surface fragment, which is the surface of the protrusions, by means of the protrusion substrate.

In the case of a smooth second stage surface with a center of symmetry (ellipsoid), the intersection portion may have a shape similar to, for example, a dome or a drop.

In the case of a smooth second stage surface without a center of symmetry (cylinder), the intersection portion is selected parallel to the central axis of the cylinder so that the intersected portion remains connected. At the same time, the intersected portion is positioned so that its central axis is parallel to the second large surface.

In this case, each projection is in the form of a half-straight circular cylinder (a straight circular cylinder refers to a cylinder whose base is a circle and the side wall is perpendicular to the plane of the base) with the central axis of the cylinder parallel to the length of the roofing piece and the other large area. All protrusions are identical in terms of their shape and size and are placed parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction (here and below the longitudinal direction indicates the direction along the length of the piece of roofing). There is a groove between the two adjacent projections (except for the projections located on the edge of the roof covering).

The height of the projections depends on the width of the roof covering and the type of components used to make it. The height of the projections indicates the distance between the deepest point of the groove in the profiled layer and the highest point of the projection.

All grooves are identical in shape and size and are oriented in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the grooves are in the form of straight grooves having the same profile along the entire length (e.g., angle profile, arc profile, etc.).

The base and the profiled layer are bonded due to adhesion and possibly due to partial diffusion at the points of contact thereof.

The film is positioned above the profiled layer so as to cover the entire surface of the profiled layer. At the same time, the film is in contact with and attached to the highest portions of the protrusions. There are gaps between the film and the grooves where there are grooves below the film.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The technical solution is shown in FIG. 1 to 3, which show the roof covering and its production scheme. Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of the roof covering, FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the production of a roof covering and FIG. 3 shows part of the roofing manufacturing process.

Examples of technical solution

In FIG. 1 shows a roof covering according to the invention comprising a reinforcement base 4 comprising a fabric 2 with an impregnation 1 having first and second large areas 30, 31 two profiled layers 5 disposed on said first and second large areas 30 31 and a profiled layer with protrusions 6 and grooves 7 disposed on one of said upper composite layers 3. Further, it comprises a film 8 disposed on said protrusions 6 forming gaps between said film 8 and said profiled layer 5, said protrusions 6 being formed so as to that their surface facing in the direction opposite to said base 4 has the shape of a second-degree smooth plane fragment.

The roof covering is produced as follows. At the beginning of the process, the blank 10 is produced from the base 4 in the form of a fabric-based reinforcement 2. As the base 4, such materials as glass fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth or polymer fabric can be used. In this case, a glass fiber fabric was used. The wound preform 10 of the base 4 is fixed to the unwinding machine 27 and lifted to the desired height by means of a special lifting unit. The impregnation 1 is heated and placed in a tank for impregnation and coating 26. Impregnation 1 should be characterized by properties that provide expulsion of gaseous and liquid components from the base 4 blank 10 (to prevent subsequent damage to the base 4), reinforce the base 4 and improve its Adhesion characteristics (for a strong cohesion of the base 4 with other roofing components). As impregnation, for example, asphalt or asphalt-polymer compositions are used in order to achieve the abovementioned properties; in this case it was

SK 5190 Υ1 asphalt-polymer compound used. The blank 10 of the base 4 passes along the guiding axes 11 (e.g. by electromechanical drive) through a heated impregnation 1 in the impregnation and coating tank, thereby filling the blank 10 of the base 4 with impregnation 1 and being free of moisture and gas bubbles. Upon leaving the impregnation and coating tank 26, the base 4 is compressed by the compaction axes 12 to remove residual unabsorbed impregnation 1.

Thereafter, the impregnated stock 10 of the base 4 extends along the guide bars 11 through the heated coating material 24 in the first coating tank, where the top composite layers 3 of the coating material 24 are applied to the first and second large surfaces 30 and 31 of the blank 10 of the base 4.

The top composite layers 3 serve to protect the base 4 from environmental influences, and in addition the top composite layer 3, which is located on the first large surface 30, may contribute to a better coherence between the base 4 and the other layers applied thereto. As the coating composition 24, for example, an asphalt-polymer composition can be used.

The other top composite layers 3 may comprise a spreading material that is applied to the top of the coating material 24 on the first and second large surfaces 30 and 31 of the base 4 such that a coarse-grained spreading material (e.g. granite or basalt) is applied to the first large surface 30. , and a fine grain material (e.g. fine grain sand) is applied to the second large surface 31. The spreading material is applied as a layer to the base 4 in the spreading material application unit (not shown) so that its particles are pressed into and / or partially contained in the surface of the coating material 24.

In the case where the spreading material is not applied, the top composite layer 3, which is located on the first large surface 30, is completely covered with a protective layer (e.g. polyethylene film) in the application layer of the protective layer (not shown). The protective layer is connected to the top composite layer 3 and protects it from environmental influences.

Subsequently, the base 4 runs through a heating unit 23 where one of its large surfaces (in this case, the second large surface 31) is heated to 70 ° C by means of gas burners. Such heating can be done to improve the coherence between the base 4 and the coating composition 9 which is subsequently applied thereto.

Thereafter, the base 4 with the heated second large surface 31 is extended along the guide axes 11 through the coating mass 9 in the second coating tank 22 and thus the coating mass 9 is applied to its second large surface 31. The coating mass 9 may comprise in particular asphalt or asphalt-polymers. e.g. a mixture of asphalt and a polymeric modifier (e.g., polyolefin, atactic and isotactic polypropylenes, styrene-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomers).

Asphalt used as a component of impregnation 1, coating material 24 and coating material 9 is a complex compound of high molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbons and their heteroderivatives containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and metals (vanadium, iron, nickel, sodium and the like). The main components of petroleum bitumen are polybitum, resin and pitch and petroleum oils. The former contributes to the strength of the asphalt, the latter provides cementation and elasticity, and the latter serves as a solvent medium for resins, pitches and pyrobitene. (William L. Leffer. Oil processing. 2nd edition, revised. Translated from English - M .: closed-down company «Olympus-Business», 003 pages 143-148; Great Soviet Encyclopedia). Edition M .: Sov. Encyclopedia (1969).

The use of a coating material 24 and a coating material 9 made of asphalt with a polymeric modifier (e.g. mentioned above) as impregnation 1 significantly improves the main consumer qualities of the roofing material - its watertightness, frost elasticity (frost resistance, heat resistance, tensile strength, stiffness).

The base 4 with the applied coating mass 9 extends through the aligner 21 (in this case, a heater-wiper), where the coating mass 9 is leveled over the thickness.

Then the base 4 with the coating mass 9 passes through the support axes and then passes through the profiling sieves 13 and the pressure rollers 14, which form a pair (in other cases the pressure rollers also do not have to be) (Fig. 3). At the same time, the coating mass 9 applied to the second large surface 31 of the base 4 comes into contact with the surface of the profiling screen 13, the pressure roller 14 presses the base 4 onto the surface of the profiling screen 13. The surface of the profiling screen 13 has ribs 29 of such shape that their relief is a mirror image of the desired relief In order to prevent the heated coating 9 from sticking to the profiling screen 13, its surface is chrome-plated. For this purpose, a sprayer unit 20 is installed in the vicinity of the profiling screen 13, and the surface of the profiling screen is sprayed with emulsion 28 via a plurality of sprayers (in this case a soap emulsion was used).

When the coating mass 9 applied to the second large surface 31 of the base 4 is pressed against the surface of the rotating profiling screen 13, the ribs 29 form a relief on the coating mass 9 consisting of grooves 9 and protrusions 6. At the same time the profiling screen 13 cools the achieved profiled layer 5 thereby created relief.

The shaping of the surface of the profiled layer 5 can be done in various ways, for example by cutting

The cooling coating composition 9 is cooled by a rotating bar or by pressing the grooves 7 by means of thin streams of steam and air which are fed via syringes under pressure.

It has already been mentioned above that the relief of the profiled layer 5 represents a regular rotation of the protrusions 6 and grooves 7 of a specific shape, which are arranged parallel to each other and oriented in the longitudinal direction. However, other relief variants of the profiled roofing layer 5 are also possible. For example, dome-like grooves and projections of the same and other sizes may alternate in random order or according to any rule and the like.

Subsequently, the roof covering passes through the cutter 19, which removes excess coating material 9 at the edges of the base 4 with the profiled layer 5.

A film 8 is then applied to the profiled layer 5 in the film application unit 18. In this case, a 10 micron thick silicone polymer film is used as the film 8. The foil 8 is adhered to the uppermost part of the projections 6 and at the same time a gap 32 is formed between the foil 8 and the grooves 7.

As a result, a finished roofing is obtained with a profiled layer 5 of coating material 9 applied to the second large surface 31 and covered with a foil 8. The height of the projections 6 of the finished roofing is 3 mm and the distance between each two adjacent projections is 4 mm. In other variations, the height of the protrusions 6 can either be constant selected within the range of 0.5 to 3 mm or vary within a particular covering, and the spacing of the protrusions can be less than 4 mm. It has been experimentally determined that if the distance between the protrusions 6 is greater and the height of the protrusions is smaller, the relief of the profiled layer 5 is lost when the roofing is laid on the substrate and hence the reliability of cohesion between the roofing and the substrate is reduced.

At the last stage of manufacture, the finished roofing is cut into a cutting machine 15, and the reel unit 17 is used to form spools 16 of a specified length and each spool 16 is wrapped in foil 8. The finished roofing spools 16 are placed on pallets and tied together e.g. with adhesive tape.

The devices used to manufacture the roofing material and the intermediate stages of the roofing material in the production process are shown conditionally in Figures 2 and 3.

The roof covering is used, for example, in roof structures for waterproofing. The film 8 is removed from the roof covering before it is adhered to the substrate. The foil 8 is removed in particular by means of gas burners (in other cases, for example, liquid fuel burners, hot air sources, etc. may be used). Once the film 8 comes into contact with the air above the grooves 7, it burns rapidly and completely. The flame of the gas burners heats the profiled roof layer 5.

The profiled layer 5 has an increased surface area that comes into contact with the flame of the gas burners or hot air at the beginning of the process as the film 8 comes into contact with the protrusions 6 on a larger surface and subsequently when the film 8 is heated and melted. The projections 6 create a larger surface ready for bonding with the substrate.

With such a surface shape of the protrusions 6, the heating of the surface is more homogeneous. The lower layers of the protuberances 6 are considerably less heated as heat is distributed in proportion to the increased surface area. Therefore, the roof base 4 which comes into direct contact with the backsheets is less heated, and the likelihood of damage to the fabric-based reinforcement 2 and the base 4 as well as the probability of the roofing to shrink is less. This contributes to the protection of the structure of the roof covering and to the improvement of the quality of the coating formed by the use of the roof covering.

In addition, laying a given roof covering requires less energy. It has been shown experimentally that energy savings range from 15 to 50% of the energy required to store one square meter of roofing material depending on weather conditions and ambient temperature.

The roofing is laid on the roofing in the form of a heated and partially molten layer 5 and pressed against the roofing by the pressure exerted on the first large surface 30. The projections 6 of the profiled layer 5 are properly adhered to the substrate by their protruding parts. At the same time, the relief of the profiled layer 5 is maintained, and the excess air between the roofing and the substrate in the space of the grooves 7 is removed in the roofing laying process and this contributes to a better coherence between the roofing and the substrate.

In general, a combination of all the characteristics of the proposed utility roofing pattern (manufacture of a roofing base 4 in the form of a fabric-based reinforcement 2 with an impregnation 1, with two top composite layers 3 disposed on the first and second large surfaces 30 and 31 of the base 4 7 and protrusions 6 of a given shape located on one of the upper composite layers 3 of the profiled layer 5, with the foil 8 disposed on the protrusions 6, which form gaps 32 between the foil 8 and the profiled layer 5 create the best distribution of roofing adhesion surfaces covering and base.

Claims (4)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 3 Roofing characterized in that it consists of a base ( 4) in the form of a reinforcement formed by a fabric (2) with an impregnation (1) having first and second large surface (30, 31) two profiles 5 1 of a bathtub of a layer (5) disposed on said first and second large surface (30, 31) and a profiled layer (5) with projections (6) and grooves (7) disposed on one of the upper composite layers (3) as well as a foil (8) disposed on said projections (6) forming gaps between said film (8) and said profiled layer (5), said projections (6) being formed such that their 5, the surface is inverted in a direction opposite to said base (4) and has the shape of a fragment of the plane of the second degree of smoothness.