SK50482009U1 - Mixture for building use - Google Patents

Description

Mixture for building purposes

Technical field

The invention relates to building compositions comprising a binder and a filler, wherein the mixture contains as a filler up to 85 wt. particles of recycled plastic crumb up to 100 mm in size.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The construction industry is well known for a variety of building materials and with it a plethora of products serving a variety of purposes.

The basic binders for construction purposes are mortars, which include cement, lime and others, but adhesives such as e.g. cementitious building adhesives and binder additives such as cements and foams. Together with fillers and water, a particular type of mortar binder creates concrete, mortar or artificial stone, which are formed into specific products.

These products are, depending on the purpose of use, various types of building components, such as assembly and prefabricated parts, panels, wall prefabricated elements, road parts, noise barriers, lintels, etc., but also blocks, bricks, partitions and fittings, roofing, paving, tiling, curbs, sewage rings, drainage troughs and rúiy and many other products. , ...

Up to now, naturally crushed stone, aggregates, gravel and sand of various particle sizes have been traditionally used as a filler in the construction industry. The availability of these materials in nature is increasingly difficult, so their price is constantly increasing, thus increasing the price of the final product.

However, due to these materials, their relatively high weight is a significant feature of these products. It is known in the art that some clay and cement-based building materials contain e.g. industrially manufactured balls of polystyrene or expanded polystyrene or similar lightening material. However, these industrially produced lightening materials are also increasingly expensive.

On the other hand, as a result of human activity, many waste materials are produced, which are becoming increasingly burdensome for humans and the environment, but due to the additional costs required for their use, they are almost no longer processed and accumulated, despite increasing the fee for their storage in landfills. One of these waste materials is also waste plastic, comprising various thermoplastics, consisting largely of the different food packaging used and thermoplastic waste from industry, but also waste plastics based on thermosetting, especially containing other ingredients such as e.g. glass fibers which have not been given enough attention so far.

Nevertheless, not only in the world, but also in the Czech Republic, there is some effort to recycle plastics. To date, however, only a very small proportion of this volume of waste plastics is recycled, and only under certain restrictive conditions.

In view of the above problems, there is still a great need to utilize and utilize as widely as possible waste dump plastics, including thermosetting plastics, which may also contain other inorganic or organic components.

The essence of the technical solution

The aforementioned drawbacks are at least partially overcome by the construction composition according to the present invention, comprising, in addition to a conventional binder, a thermosetting plastics material with a broad concentration of inorganic component, such as glass fibers, as a filler, when after optionally adjusting the particle size. e.g. after the concrete crushing, grinding or shredding or molding of the plastic, it is possible to replace the recycled plastic crumb in the construction mixture with expensive, especially natural fillers, and thus to reduce the weight of the resulting construction products.

The essence of this technical solution is a mixture for building purposes, in particular for the production of various building components, which comprises a binder and a filler, the mixture containing up to 85 wt. particles of recycled plastic pulp, with a particle size of up to 100 mm, characterized in that the recycled plastic pulp is a thermoset based pulp containing up to 60 wt. glass fibers, based on the weight of the plastic crushed material.

In both the specification and the claims, the concentrations of all components are based on the total weight of the composition, unless otherwise indicated.

The object of the present invention is to utilize, for the filler, the advantageous physicochemical properties of a particular recycled thermosetting plastic which itself contains a suitable glass fiber additive and thus increases the end-use value of a particular construction product.

The present technical solution solves the problem of plastic waste and in recycling it is possible to use this waste - namely the above mentioned recycled plastic pulp very well as a basic filler in the production of building materials and to replace traditional expensive natural raw material, especially natural crushed stone, aggregate, gravel. or sand.

The thermosetting plastic is preferably an unsaturated polyester resin.

Said recycled plastic crumb may be mixed with a binder, in particular with cement, lime, cement or other building adhesives, other mortar binders except gypsum or binder admixtures, depending on the type of final mixture or product desired.

The lime may preferably be air lime or hydraulic lime.

The cement is preferably a conventional type of cement, such as Portland cement or slag-portland cement.

A typical mortar binder is preferably a Lafarge Cement product designated Multibat or Multibat Plus consisting of Portland clinker, mineral additives and special additives.

The binder ingredients are preferably the commonly used cements or foams in the construction industry.

Depending on the type of building material required and the desired type of construction product, different granulometry and the proportion by weight of the recycled plastic material in the mixture are chosen.

In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the aforementioned recycled plastic pulp is adjusted by crushing, grinding, grating or pressing.

Due to the broad percentage of glass fibers in the recycled thermosetting plastic pulp, which is preferably recycled polyester resin pulp, when used as a filler in a mixture for specific products, mechanical resistance such as toughness, abrasion resistance and impact or shock resistance have been increased, and partly also resistance to bending. Due to the lower specific gravity of the pulp, the filler density and hence the weight of the products produced in comparison with the prior art products have also been reduced by this filler. The mixture is resistant to the effects of frost and chemical, in particular deicing agents.

In addition to the binders, it is further preferred to add to the recycled plastic pulp UV agents and / or acid rain agents and / or pigments and the like.

In particular, in the production of dry concrete mixtures, recycled polyester resin-based plastic crumbs having a glass fiber content of up to 60% by weight, based on the weight of the plastic crumb, with a larger granulometry, preferably with a particle size of 10 to 100 mm, are preferably used as filler particles. 15 to 75 wt.%, with 25 to 84.5 wt. forms cement. The cement is preferably Portland cement.

The composition according to the invention preferably contains 3 to 4 wt. parts of the particles of said recycled plastic pulp having a glass fiber content of 5 to 30 wt.%, based on the weight of the plastic pulp, with a particle size of 5 to 10 mm and 3 wt. parts of mortar binder. This mixture is preferably used as a dry mortar mixture.

A preferred solution is also a composition comprising 4 wt. parts of recycled plastic pulp having a glass fiber content of 20 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the plastic pulp, with a particle size of 20 to 50 mm and 1% by weight parts of cement, which is suitable for the subsequent production of bricks and blocks. The cement is preferably slag-portland cement.

Another technical solution is a mixture which preferably contains 60 to 75 wt. of said recycled plastic pulp with a particle size of max. 2 mm and 25 to 39.5 wt. lime.

This mixture contains very fine particles of said recycled plastic pulp which have been sieved to a particle size of max. 2 mm, and together with the above amount of lime, this mixture was preferably used as a dry stucco mixture.

Advantageously, up to 0.4 wt. % anti-UV and / or acid rain agents, and / or up to 0.05 wt. pigment.

According to the technical solution it is also possible to produce specific products, in particular building components, in particular in the form of bricks, blocks, assembly and prefabricated parts such as panels, wall prefabricated elements, lintels or columns, noise barriers, paving, tiles, roofing, partition walls and fittings, sewage rings, drainage channels and pipes, and insulating boards.

More particularly, the technical solution relates to a structural concrete part, such as a panel, a prefabricated wall, a road element, a lintel, a column, which according to the technical solution is preferably made of a mixture containing 3 to 5 wt. parts by weight of recycled plastic pulp, 1 wt. parts of cement and up to 1 wt. water.

If the desired component is in the form of a block or a brick, it is preferably made from a mixture containing 3 to 5 wt. parts by weight of recycled plastic material with a particle size of 20 to 50 mm; parts of cement and up to 1 wt. water.

Another preferred variant according to the invention is a roof covering, sewer ring, pipe or drain, which is made of a mixture comprising said recycled plastic material containing 15 to 40 wt. glass fibers, based on the weight of the pulp.

A preferred modification of the solution is a cladding made from a mixture containing 50 to 65 wt. recycled plastic pulp having a glass fiber content of 15 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the plastic pulp, with a particle size of 1 to 5 mm, 24.5 to 39.6% by weight. % cement and up to 10 wt. mixed water.

Yet another variant of the solution is an insulated molded board of a mixture comprising 65 to 80 wt. % recycled plastic pulp, with a particle size of 10 to 100 mm, 9.5 to 24.5 wt. % cement and up to 10 wt. % mixing water.

Advantageously, the aforementioned particular products may contain up to 0.4 wt. % anti-UV and / or acid rain agents and / or up to 0.05 wt. pigment.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Recycled plastic crumb in an amount of 60% by weight, based on polyester resin containing up to 60% by weight. % of glass fibers, based on the weight of plastic pulp, with a particle size of 10 to 100 mm, was intimately mixed with 40 wt. Portland cement. This dry mix is suitable for use in concrete mix.

Example 2

When dry, 4 wt. % parts of recycled polyester resin-based plastic pulp containing 5 to 30 wt. of glass fibers, based on the weight of plastic crush, with a particle size of 5 to 10 mm, with 3 wt. parts of a mortar binder, in particular a mortar binder of ref. Multibat (Lafarge Cement). A suitable dry mortar mixture was obtained.

Example 3

Recycled plastic resin based on polyester resin containing up to 60 wt. The glass fibers, based on the weight of the plastic pulp, were subjected to screening, and then very fine dust particles of this pulp size of not more than 2 mm in an amount of 70% by weight were used, then the pulp was thoroughly mixed with 30%. hydraulic lime. Said mixture is suitable as a stucco mixture.

Example 4 wt. % parts of recycled plastic resin based on polyester resin containing 20 to 50 wt. The glass fibers, based on the weight of plastic pulp, with a particle size of 20 to 50 mm, were intimately mixed with 1 wt. % of the slag-portland cement and the remainder consisted of blending water, which represented up to 100 wt. mixture. The mixture was then introduced into molds of appropriate shape, i. shaped blocks and bricks and allowed to solidify and harden.

EXAMPLE 5 parts of recycled polyester resin based crumb containing up to 60 wt. The glass fibers, based on the weight of the plastic crumb, were mixed very carefully with 1 part of Portland cement and the remainder was mixed water. The mixture was then introduced into molds of appropriate shape, i. in the form of a prefabricated wall, panel, lintel or column and allowed to solidify and harden.

According to tests according to ČSN 72 2602, ČSN 72 2603, and ČSN 72 2605 assessing flexural tensile strength and concrete compressive strength (Tables 1 and 2), the following values were found for this hardened mixture:

Table 1

Vz. Age Max Bending Tensile Strength

c.

(days) (N) (N / mm ² )

28,530 0.49

820

0.48

Table 2

Vz. age Weight. Vol. weight. compression Max power strength no. area in violation in pressure (Days) (Kg) (kg / m ³ ) (mm ^{1 2} ) (N) (N / mm ² )

1 28 1,878 1070 35100 205000 5.8 2 28 2,407 1106 34560 279000 8.1

According to the tests according to ČSN 73 1326, method A assessing the resistance of the concrete surface to the action of water and chemical de-icing substances (Table 3), the following values were found for this hardened mixture:

Table 3

Vz. Age Art.-no. weight. Water absorption Waste in g / m ² after number of cycles

no. in sums. condition 25 50 75 100 * (days) (kg / m ³ ) (%)

35 1420 8.4 '2.2 13.2 29.1 49.4 * The prescribed resistance value according to ČSN 73 6131 (concrete paving and components) is maximum 1000 g / m ² after 100 cycles by method A.

Example 6

Recycled plastic crumb (55 wt.%) Based on polyester resin containing 15 to 40 wt. % of glass fibers, based on the weight of plastic pulp, with a particle size of 1 to 5 mm, were mixed very carefully with 34.6 wt. % of the cement, and UV agents and / or acid rain agents and pigment were added in a total amount of 0.4 wt. Subsequently, the mixing water was added in an amount of 10% by weight. The mixture was then introduced into molds of appropriate shape, i. shaped tiles, and allowed to solidify.

Example 7

Recycled plastic crumb (65 wt.%) Containing up to 60 wt. % of glass fibers, based on the weight of plastic pulp, with a particle size of 10 to 70 mm, was mixed very carefully with 25 wt. % Portland cement and then with 10 wt. mixed water. The mixture was then subjected to compression to give the final product, a shaped insulating board.

Example 8 wt. % recycled plastic resin based on polyester resin containing 55 wt. % of glass fibers, based on the weight of plastic crumb, with a particle size of 5 to 10 mm, was mixed very carefully with 23.95 wt. % Portland cement, with 0.05 wt. anti-UV and acid rain agents. 8 wt. mixed water. The mixture was then introduced into molds of appropriate shape, i. the shape of the soundproofing building components. Subsequently, sparging was carried out and the mixture was subjected to vibro-pressing and allowed to solidify and harden.

Example 9 wt. % recycled plastic resin based on polyester resin containing 60 wt. % of glass fibers, based on the weight of plastic pulp, with a particle size of 5 to 15 mm, was mixed very carefully with 30 wt. % Portland cement, and then with 10 wt. mixed water. The mixture was introduced into forms of lost formwork and was subsequently subjected to vibrolisation and allowed to solidify and harden.

The resulting products containing the hardened mixture have excellent thermal insulation properties, with a coefficient of λ of about λ = 0.11.

Industrial usability

The composition according to the invention can be used in the construction industry for the production of concrete mixtures, mortar mixtures or stucco mixtures, which can be used according to the purpose for the production of building components, for example bricks, blocks, concrete, assembly and prefabricated parts such as panels, wall prefabricated elements, lintels or columns, soundproofing wall panels, for paving, tiling, partition walls and fittings, sewer rings, drainage troughs and pipes, for roof coverings of various shapes and applications, insulation boards and other products where this recycled waste plastic is possible use as a full substitute for traditional raw material - fillers such as gravel and sand - and thus reduce the amount of waste plastic burdening the natural environment with landfills.

Claims (16)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS A composition for building purposes, in particular for the manufacture of building components, which comprises a binder and a filler, wherein the filler mixture comprises up to 85% by weight of a filler. % of the recycled plastic pulp, based on the total weight of the mixture, with a particle size of up to 100 mm, characterized in that the recycled plastic pulp is a thermoset-based pulp containing up to 60 wt. glass fibers, based on the weight of the plastic crushed material. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thermoset is a polyester resin. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the binder comprises at least one substance selected from the group comprising cement, lime, other small burgundy binders other than gypsum, binder or building adhesive. Composition according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains 15 to 75 wt. % recycled plastic pulp, having a particle size of 10 to 100 mm and 25 to 84.5 wt. cement. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the cement is Portland cement. 6. A composition according to claims 1 to 3 comprising 3 to 4 wt. parts of recycled plastic pulp having a glass fiber content of from 5 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the plastic pulp, with a particle size of 5 to 10 mm and 3% by weight; parts of malt binder. Composition according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains 4 wt. parts of recycled plastic pulp having a glass fiber content of 20 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the plastic pulp, with a particle size of 20 to 50 mm and 1% by weight parts of cement. A composition according to claim 7, wherein the cement is slag-portland cement. A composition according to claims 1 to 3 comprising 60 to 75 wt. recycled plastic pulp, particle size max. 2 mm and 25 to 39.5 wt. lime. A composition according to any one of claims 3 to 9, further comprising up to 0.4 wt. anti-UV agents and / or acid rain agents, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition of claims 3 to 10, further comprising up to 0.05 wt. of pigment, based on the total weight of the mixture. A structural concrete component such as a panel, a prefabricated wall, a road component, a lintel, a column made of a mixture according to claim 4 or 5 and optionally according to claims 10 to 11, characterized in that it contains 3 to 5 wt. parts by weight of recycled plastic pulp, 1 wt. parts of cement and up to 1 wt. water. A block or brick-shaped building component made from a mixture according to claim 7 or 8 and optionally according to claims 10 to 11, characterized in that it comprises 3 to 5 wt. parts by weight of recycled plastic material with a particle size of 20 to 50 mm; parts of cement and up to 1 wt. water. Roofing, drainage trough, drainage trough or pipe made from a mixture according to claims 1 to 3 and optionally according to claims 10 to 11, characterized in that it comprises recycled plastic material with a glass fiber content of from 15 to 40% by weight. based on the weight of the pulp. A cladding made from a composition according to claims 1 to 3 and optionally according to claims 10 to 11, characterized in that it comprises 50 to 65% by weight of the composition. recycled plastic pulp having a glass fiber content of from 15 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the plastic pulp, with a particle size of 1 to 5 mm, 24.5 to 39.6% by weight. % cement and up to 10 wt. mixed water. Molded insulating board, in particular an acoustic wall, made of a mixture according to claims 1 to 3 and optionally according to claims 10 to 11, characterized in that it contains 65 to 80 wt. % recycled plastic pulp, particle size 10 to 100 mm, 9.5 to 24.5 wt. % cement and up to 10 wt. % mixing water.