RU2355852C2 - Decorative tileboard and mixture used for manufacture thereof (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to decorative tileboards and mixtures used for manufacture thereof, and can be used for finishing internal and external wall surfaces of domestic and industrial buildings, and road and pedestrian way pavements. Tileboard is rectangular with a relief on face side, which has a texture similar to natural or artificial stone, and has average thickness of 20-45 mm. As per the first version tileboard is made from mixture containing the following, wt %: portland cement 28.5-35.7; shungite sand with particle size of 0.1-5.0 mm 49.5-58; superplasticising agent C-3 0.025-0.029; water-repellent agent 0.032-0.033; and water - the rest. As per the second version tileboard is made from mixture containing the following, wt %: hemihydrated α- or β-shaped calcium sulphate 30.0-33.2; shungite sand 49.4-52.6; superplasticising agent C-3 0.031-0.042; hydrated lime 0.040-0.045, and water - the rest.

EFFECT: reducing action of electromagnetic fields, ionisation radiation and geopathogenic zones.

6 cl, 1 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to decorative tiles and mixtures for their manufacture, and can be used for finishing internal and external surfaces of walls of residential and industrial buildings, road and pavement coatings for protective and decorative coatings from electromagnetic fields and ionizing radiation.

A known composition for paving slabs containing cement, gravel, sand, a plasticizer and water, while as a plasticizer it contains oily sludge in the following ratio of components, parts by weight: cement - 450, sand - 100-560, crushed stone - 1000, oily sludge - 100-560, water - 150. Oily sludge contains up to 200 g / kg of oil products (see RF patent for invention No. 2272860, IPC E01C 05/06, С04В 28/04, С04В 24/24, С04В 111/20, published March 27, 2006).

However, tiles of known composition have insufficient reliability due to reduced weather resistance and do not provide protection against electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation and geopathic zones, which reduces their consumer properties.

Known building brick, made in the form of a bar in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped full-bodied or with recesses, made using firing from a ceramic mass containing clay and schungite slate, in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Schungite slate 5-60; clay - the rest (see RF patent for utility model No. 55361, IPC С04В 33/00, published on 08/10/2006).

A disadvantage of the known building brick is that the manufacturing process of the product requires complex expensive equipment and is time consuming and inefficient, while the brick does not have a decorative surface. The ceramic mass includes shungite slate with a low shungite content of up to 10%, therefore, protection against exposure to electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation and geopathogenic zones is not provided. In addition, in the process of firing at high temperatures, due to the lack of a monolithic bond between the layers, the strength and durability of the brick decreases and, accordingly, the exposure time in the treated rooms of the protective properties from exposure to electromagnetic radiation, which reduces their consumer properties.

A concrete mixture is also known, including Portland cement, a filler, a complex additive from a superplasticizer based on the sodium salt of the condensation product of naphthalene sulfonic acid with formaldehyde and an air-entraining agent - saponified wood resin and water, while the mixture contains shungizite dust with a specific surface area of 2800 cm ² / g and shungizit sand of a fraction of 0.14-2.5 mm and further comprises a fine powder of boron carbide in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Portland cement - 37.04-39.17; shungizite dust - 12.28-13.21; shungizite sand - 29.45-31.68; superplasticizer - 0.259-0.274; air-entraining agent - 0.018-0.02; fine powder of boron carbide - 1.68-1.73; water - the rest (see patent for invention No. 2107049, IPC С04В 28/04, С04В 24/20, С04В 24/04, С04В 22/04, С04В 14/06, published on 03.20.1998).

A disadvantage of the known concrete mixture is that to produce concrete with radiation resistance, shungizite and boron carbide are added to the mixture. Shungizit is an artificially obtained material from shungite rocks by expansion during firing, its addition to the mixture gives certain properties to the material, for example, increasing the protective properties of concrete, which makes it possible to use the mixture for processing radioactive hazardous objects. However, this composition of the concrete mixture and the tiles made from it do not provide a decrease in the intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the treated rooms, which limits the scope of the known mixture and reduces its operational properties. In addition, the known mixture has inherent low adhesive properties and cohesion, adversely affecting the strength of the coating of the known mixture.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a well-known decorative facing tile made rectangular with a relief on the front side imitating the texture of natural or artificial stone, while it has an average thickness of 10-40 mm and is made of a mixture containing, wt.%: white Portland cement - 42-48; expanded perlite sand fraction 0.63-2.5 - 4.0-5.2; marble chips and / or quartz sand - 28-36; saponified wood resin and / or Progress frother - 0.0001-0.006; superplasticizer C-3 - 0.01-0.06; water is the rest. The mixture further comprises a pigment. The tile has a relief imitating the surface texture of limestone or limestone-shell rock exposed to atmospheric phenomena. The tile has a relief imitating the texture of the surface of clay shale in a fault across the layers. The tile has a relief that imitates the texture of the surface of clay shale in a fault across the layers exposed to atmospheric phenomena, in particular weathering. The tile has a relief imitating the texture of the surface of an old brick (see RF patent for invention No. 2183237, IPC E04F 13/14, С04В 38/08, С04В 28/02, published on 10.06.2002).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is also a known mixture for the manufacture of decorative cladding tiles, including Portland cement, a porous aggregate, a foaming agent, C-3 superplasticizer and water, while the mixture contains white Portland cement, as a porous aggregate expanded pearlite sand fraction 0, 63-2.5 mm, as a foaming agent, saponified wood resin and / or Progress foaming agent and additionally marble chips and / or quartz sand in the following ratio uu components, wt%: white Portland cement - 42-48;. expanded perlite sand fraction 0.63-2.5 - 4.0-5.2; marble chips and / or quartz sand - 28-36; saponified wood resin and / or Progress frother - 0.0001-0.06; superplasticizer C-3 - 0.01-0.06; water is the rest. The mixture additionally contains pigment (see RF patent for the invention No. 2183237, IPC E04F 13/14, CB04 38/08, CBB 28/02, publ. 06/10/2002).

The disadvantages of the known decorative cladding tiles and mixtures for the manufacture of decorative cladding tiles are that they do not provide a reduction in the intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the treated rooms, which impairs protection against electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation and geopathic zones, reducing their consumer and operational properties. At the same time, the known mixture has inherent low connectivity and adhesive properties, which negatively affects the strength of the tiles obtained from such a mixture.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a decorative cladding tile with increased strength, and a mixture for its manufacture, containing widely available, inexpensive and non-toxic ingredients and having a composition that allows you to save the protective properties in the tile made from it.

The technical result achieved in solving this problem is to increase the adhesion properties (strength) and connectivity in the coating made of any proposed mixture, as well as the low intensity of the radiation passing through the surface on which there is a coating in the form of a set of proposed tiles.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the decorative facing tile, made rectangular with a relief on the front side, having the texture of natural or artificial stone, according to the invention has an average thickness of 20-45 mm and is made of a mixture containing, wt.%:

Portland cement 28.5-35.7 shungite sand fraction 0.1-5.0 mm 49.5-58 superplasticizer C-3 0.025-0.029 water repellent 0.032-0.033 water rest.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the decorative facing tile, made rectangular with a relief on the front side, having the texture of natural or artificial stone, according to the invention has an average thickness of 20-45 mm and is made of a mixture containing, wt.%:

calcium sulfate semi-aquatic α- or β-form 30.0-33.2 shungite sand fraction 0.1-5.0 mm 49.4-52.6 superplasticizer C-3 0,031-0,042 hydrated lime 0,040-0,045 water rest.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the mixture for the manufacture of decorative tiles, including a binder, filler, C-3 superplasticizer and water, while containing Portland cement as a binder, according to the invention contains shungite sand of a fraction of 0.1-5 as a filler, 0 mm and additionally water repellent in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Portland cement 28.5-35.7 shungite sand fraction 0.1-5.0 mm 49.5-58 the specified superplasticizer C-3 0.025-0.029 water repellent 0.032-0.033 water rest.

The mixture may additionally contain a pigment, which is used "Bayferoks."

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the mixture for the manufacture of decorative tiles, including binder, filler, C-3 superplasticizer and water, according to the invention contains semi-aqueous α- or β-form binder as calcium binder, shungite sand fraction 0 as a filler , 1-5.0 mm and additionally hydrated lime in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

calcium sulfate 30.0-33.2 shungite sand 49.4-52.6 specified superplasticizer 0,031-0,042 hydrated lime 0,040-0,045 water rest.

The mixture may additionally contain a pigment, which is used "Bayferoks."

All options for the implementation of the proposed decorative tiles and composition for its manufacture are aimed at solving the same technical problem while achieving a common technical result.

The use of Portland cement in the range of 28.5-35.7 wt.% Allows you to provide the necessary binding and compaction of the mixture, as well as the necessary water resistance of the solution. In this case, the concentration of cement below the specified values reduces the strength of the tiles from the proposed mixture, and above the specified values increases the shrinkage of the mixture.

The use of calcium sulfate semi-aquatic α-form (molding gypsum) or β-form (gypsum building) in the range of 30.0-33.2 wt.% Also allows you to provide the necessary binding of free lime and compacts the mixture. In this case, the concentration of calcium sulfate of the semi-aquatic α- or β-form below the indicated values reduces the ductility (which indicates insufficient viscosity) and the strength of the tiles from the proposed mixture, and above the indicated values, indicates the need to reduce the concentration of shungite sand, which will lead to a deterioration in the protective properties tiles.

The use of lime hydrate (fluff) in the range of 0.040-0.045 wt.% As a plasticizer allows you to create the necessary alkaline environment. This ensures that chemical reactions and interactions between the components of the mixture with the achievement of the required properties (parameters) obtained from the mixture of tiles. Increased or reduced acidity changes the course of chemical reactions and the mentioned interaction, for example, accelerating or slowing them down, which reduces the ductility of the tiles from the mixture, lowering the viscosity of the mixture, and worsens the adhesive properties of the tiles. However, an insufficient amount of lime increases the shrinkage of the mixture (sharply reduces its volume during solidification), and since the shrinkage process occurs unevenly, this entails the appearance of cracks in the tile.

The use of the natural shungite mineral, for example shungite sand of the III variety (group) of a fraction of 0.1-5.0 mm in the range of 49.4-52.6 wt.% In a mixture on a gypsum binder or shungite sand in the range of 49.5-58 wt. .% in a cement binder mixture provides the necessary shielding and protective properties of the tiles of the proposed mixtures, i.e. protection against electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation and geopathic zones with an average tile thickness in the range of 20-45 mm. The use of a fraction above 0.1 mm in the preparation of the finished product of shungite reduces the cost of the mixture due to the cost of obtaining this fraction. In this case, the 5.0 mm fraction was selected for sieving sieves.

The execution of tiles with a thickness of less than 20 mm does not provide the necessary protection from exposure to electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation and geopathogenic zones. In this case, the use of tiles with a thickness of more than 45 mm is impractical, since a subsequent increase in thickness does not have the necessary effect on increasing the shielding and protective properties of the tile, but negatively affects the consumption of the material, leading to unjustified rise in price of the tile.

It was experimentally established that the use of dry powder of S-3 superplasticizer in the range of 0.025-0.029 in the preparation of tiles on a cement binder, as well as in the range of 0.031-0.042 in the preparation of tiles on a gypsum binder, improves the properties of the binder, such as workability, formability, compressive strength and bending, normal density. Thus, the use of dry powder of the S-3 superplasticizer in the range of 0.025-0.029 or 0.031-0.042 allows you to achieve the maximum effect of its effect on the properties of the proposed mixture, but if you use dry powder of the S-3 superplasticizer is less than the lower specified limit, the effect decreases, and if larger than the specified limit, the effect does not improve.

It has been experimentally established that the use of a water repellent agent, for example calcium steorate, in the range of 0.032-0.033, increases the permeability of heavy concrete and the water resistance of gypsum. If you use a water repellent in smaller or larger limits, compared with the specified limits, then the effect of its impact on the properties of the proposed mixture either decreases or does not improve.

The use of water is necessary for hydration of the binder, and its amount in the composition of the mixture is set to obtain the required plasticity of the proposed mixture.

In addition, a setting retardant, for example tartaric acid, can be used in the mixture for the manufacture of decorative facing tiles, which can slow down the setting time of gypsum concrete by the time required by the technology.

Additionally, the mixture for the manufacture of decorative tiles can be used multifunctional additive ACF-3M-75 to give the product strength, frost resistance and manufacturability, as well as F-10 plasticizer, which provides the product with additional strength, manufacturability and density.

The Baiferox pigment can be used to obtain a decorative coating in the tiles.

It was experimentally established that the above properties of tiles from the proposed mixture for all options for viscosity and adhesive properties appear when a combination of these components is in the proposed proportions.

To prepare the mixture used for decorative tiles, use the following materials shown in table 1.

Table 1 Name The properties Portland cement Good durability, water resistance, frost resistance, abrasion Gypsum binders Sufficient durability, decorativeness, environmental friendliness, manufacturability Shungite sand (filler) Obtaining protective properties Plasticizer Strength, manufacturability, density Multifunctional supplement Strength, frost resistance, manufacturability, water retention, adhesion, crack resistance, elasticity Retarder Allows to slow down the setting time of gypsum concrete by the time required by the technology Water repellent Materials made from a mixture containing Portland cement become water repellent Pigment "Byferox" Decorative Water Binder hydration, plasticization

Products are manufactured by vibrocasting technology using plasticizing and hydrophobizing additives in elastic (rubber) forms.

The technology for the production of decorative tiles on schungite filler includes the following operations:

1) the dosage of the components of the mixtures to determine the volume of the mortar mixture, depending on the volume of the mixer;

2) loading the components into the mixing device and mixing in a forced-action mixer or in a turbulent mixer for 5-7 minutes;

3) laying the mixture in elastic forms on rigid pallets on a vibrating table, i.e. the products are molded in molds on a vibrating platform with vertically directed vibrations, the forms are mounted on a vibrating platform and filled with a mortar mixture;

4) compaction of the mixture on a vibrating table with directional vibrations with a report or redistribution of the concrete mixture into molds, while vibration compaction is carried out for 2-5 minutes;

5) aging on natural hardening in molds (for gypsum boards 2-2.5 hours, for cement boards 24 hours at a temperature of 20 ° C);

6) formwork of products on stripping tables and their drying in natural conditions at t = 20 ° C;

7) drying of gypsum boards and exposure of cement boards to certain moisture and strength;

8) storing products in boxes, boxes or on pallets (paving slabs), acceptance of OTK products;

9) cleaning and lubrication of elastic forms and rigid pallets;

10) transportation to the warehouse of finished products.

We obtained 3 types of facing tiles and paving tiles with the following composition of mixtures.

I. Facing gypsum concrete tiles on shungite sand.

Example 1. To prepare a batch of gypsum concrete tiles on shungite sand, a mixture was prepared containing the following components, wt.%:

gypsum brand G 16 (CaSO ₄ · 0,5H ₂ O) 31.15 shungite sand fraction 0.1-5.0 mm 50.12 hydrated lime 0.04 superplasticizer C-3 0,039 water 18.651.

To obtain a decorative coating in the tile, the Baiferox pigment was used as part of the mixture.

II. Facade facing plates in accordance with GOST 6927-74.

Example 2. For the preparation of a batch of plates of facade cladding, a mixture was prepared containing the following components, wt.%:

Portal cement PC 400 DO 28.5 shungite sand fraction 0.1-5.0 mm 58.0 superplasticizer C-3 0,026 water repellent (calcium stearate) 0,033 water 13,441.

To obtain a decorative coating in the tile, the Baiferox pigment was used as part of the mixture.

III. Paving tiles on schungite filler.

Example 3. To prepare a batch of paving tiles on a schungite filler, a mixture was prepared containing the following components, wt.%:

Portland cement PC 400 DO 35.7 shungite sand 0.1-5.0 mm 49.5 superplasticizer C-3 0,027 water repellent 0,033 water 14.74.

To obtain a decorative coating in the tile, the Baiferox pigment was used as part of the mixture.

Example 4. To prepare a batch of paving tiles on a schungite filler, a mixture was prepared containing the following components, wt.%:

Portland cement PC 400 DO 33,2 shungite sand 0.1-5.0 mm 51.8 superplasticizer C-3 0.04 hydrated lime 0.04 water 14.92.

To obtain a decorative coating in the tile, the Baiferox pigment was used as part of the mixture.

After testing the tile samples according to the examples, the following indicators were obtained:

tile thickness - 20; 25; thirty; 35; 40; 45 mm;

compressive strength of gypsum concrete products - 5.0; 7.5; 10.0; 12.5; 15.0 MPa;

compressive strength of heavy concrete - 20.0; 30.0; 40.0 MPa;

frost resistance Mrz, cycle. (for facades) - Mrz 100, Mrz 200;

water permeability, B (for facades) - B-2, B-4.

Moreover, the types of decorative tiles, their geometric dimensions, surface texture of decorative tiles, pattern and color of the surface were made at the request of the customer. The guaranteed thickness of the protective coating is provided due to the fact that in the manufacture of tiles the mixture is laid in certain forms with a fixed thickness.

Compared with concrete mixes and dry building mixes, the proposed mixture options have the following advantages:

- high quality product in terms of improving adhesion properties (strength) and coating cohesion;

- reduction of labor costs at construction sites;

- cost reduction;

- reducing the time of work;

- industrialization of construction work;

- minimum percentage of waste;

- guaranteed coating thickness.

Compared with the use of natural stone coatings, the proposed decorative facing tile has the following advantages:

- low cost;

- increased strength;

- given geometric dimensions;

- simplicity of laying (no backing required);

- reducing the time of work;

- decorativeness;

- ease of transportation, packaging and storage;

- minimum percentage of waste;

- 100% coverage;

- guaranteed coating thickness;

- Performing the function of protecting the room from geopathogenic radiation.

Claims (6)

1. Decorative facing tile, made rectangular with a relief on the front side, having the texture of natural or artificial stone, characterized in that it has an average thickness of 20-45 mm and is made of a mixture containing, wt.%:
Portland cement 28.5-35.7 shungite sand fraction 0.1-5.0 mm 49.5-58 superplasticizer C-3 0.025-0.029 water repellent 0.032-0.033 water rest 2. Decorative tiles made rectangular with a relief on the front side, having the texture of natural or artificial stone, characterized in that it has an average thickness of 20-45 mm and is made of a mixture containing, wt.%:
calcium sulfate semi-aquatic α- or β-form 30.0-33.2 shungite sand fraction 0.1-5.0 mm 49.4-52.6 superplasticizer C-3 0,031-0,042 hydrated lime 0,040-0,045 water rest 3. A mixture for the manufacture of decorative tiles, including a binder, filler, C-3 superplasticizer and water, while it contains Portland cement as a binder, characterized in that it contains shungite sand fractions of 0.1-5.0 mm and additionally water repellent in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Portland cement 28.5-35.7 shungite sand fraction 0.1-5.0 mm 49.5-58 specified superplasticizer 0.025-0.029 water repellent 0.032-0.033 water rest 4. The mixture according to claim 3, characterized in that it further contains a pigment, which is used "Bayferoks". 5. A mixture for the manufacture of decorative tiles, including a binder, filler, C-3 superplasticizer and water, characterized in that it contains semi-aqueous α- or β-form as a binder, calcium, 0.1- shungite sand as a filler 5.0 mm and additionally hydrated lime in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
calcium sulfate 30.0-33.2 shungite sand 49.4-52.6 specified superplasticizer 0,031-0,042 hydrated lime 0,040-0,045 water rest 6. The mixture according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a pigment, which is used "Byferox".