SK500712020A3 - Prefabricated building cell, prefabricated building cell system and method of creating prefabricated building cell system - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the technical solution is a prefabricated building cell system, the basis of which are prefabricated building cells (1) equipped with special connecting elements, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in the horizontal and vertical directions in the front and rear parts of the building cell system into flexible functional modules. Prefabricated building cells are made in a specialized plant and their production is computer-controlled. They are produced in repetitive forms precisely according to careful planning. Due to its design, the cell has a wide range of uses, meets the requirements of construction physics and is designed to handle seismic loads for every part of the country.

Description

The field of technology

The invention relates to a prefabricated building cell, a prefabricated building cell system and a method of creating a prefabricated building system.

Current state of the art

Currently, the construction of civic amenities is most often carried out in the form of individual projects or in the form of prefabricated structural systems, which are adapted to the requirements of the builder in the next steps and stages of the project documentation.

The essence of prefabricated systems is made up of individual construction parts, which represent floor, wall and ceiling panels, which are produced in such specialized factories, brought to the construction site and connected to each other to form construction systems at the construction site. Individual parts are either serially produced or adapted to customer requirements.

The construction parts known so far include the flat construction part described in the published patent application WO2017029208 Al. The construction part contains recesses in at least one lateral edge section, between which protrusions are formed. Such two flat panels can be stored in such a way that the tooth of one part fits into the recess of the other flat construction part and vice versa, while the dimension of the recess corresponds to the dimension of the tooth. Furthermore, the application claims a building module for the construction of multi-storey buildings, while the building module consists of two rectangular side walls, which are fixed using a floor element and a ceiling element, where the side walls are located in the edge parts of the floor.

Published application DE20021050U U1 describes a multi-purpose structural panel that has vertical parallel edges equipped with serrations that allow adjacent panels to be joined together. The serration of one part of the panel fits into the serration of the other panel. Two adjacent panels are connected to each other using a pin, and then they are covered with plaster.

Published application CN204174745U describes a modular temporary building that includes at least one or more prefabricated living cells that are self-contained units. Living cells are connected with a staircase. A residential complex is created by stacking prefabricated cells on top of each other. The facade of the building is equipped with steel suspended balconies.

The published patent application WO2012106650 Al describes the method of assembling a structure from prefabricated structural elements for a building system as well as the building system itself consisting of individual toothed structural elements forming separate modules - cells, while these are connected to a staircase, and are manufactured in a factory and assembled on site. The residential complex is created by stacking prefabricated cells on top of each other on a base plate. By gradually adding individual cells, a building of different floors and lengths can be created. Individual structural elements are connected by a toothed joint.

The disadvantage of these described prefabricated parts is that the parts are brought and assembled on site. The manufacturer is limited by their size in production as well as their transportation to the construction site. Another disadvantage is achieving the required strength of the joint of individual parts.

The essence of the invention

The shortcomings of the systems in the mentioned documents are solved by the prefabricated building cell and the prefabricated building cell system presented in the present application for the invention. The prefabricated building cell forms the basis of a prefabricated building cell system that has an optional number of floors.

Cell 1 consists of four mutually connected perpendicular walls. On its longitudinal edges, the cell 1 has recesses 2 and teeth 3, and in each recess 2 there is a wall foot 4.2 and in each tooth 3 an anchor screw with a coupling 4.1. On the transverse inner upper edge, it has a tooth 3.1 with an anchor pin 5 in the corners, and on the transverse outer edges it has recesses 2.2 with anchor bars 4.3, and in the corners on the lower longitudinal edges it has recesses 2.1. On the vertical walls of the cell 1 there can be wall openings 13 for doors.

Cells 1 form the basis of a prefabricated building cellular system, in which cells 1 are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in horizontal and vertical directions in the front and rear parts of the system, between which a corridor space 9 is created. Cells 1 of both parts of the system create flexible functional modules, which are residential modules 6, communication modules 7 and technical modules 8. Corridor ceiling panels 10 are placed above the corridor space 9 and gable panels are anchored to the transverse outer walls of the cells 1

SK 50071-2020 A3 walls 18. In the extreme fields on both sides of the building cell system on those floors where there is no cell 1, empty spaces are filled with vertical walls 11. Corridor spaces 9 are closed on both sides by corridor walls 15 with openings 13 for doors or windows, and empty ceiling spaces between cells on the highest floor are filled with room ceiling panels 14.1. Also on the plinth on the lowest floor in the spaces between the cells 1 are room floor panels 14. Similarly on the plinth on the lowest floor below the corridor space 9 are the corridor floor corridor panels 10.1. On the top floor, there are attic walls 12.1, 12.2 and end gable walls 18.1 around the perimeter of the building.

The prefabricated building cellular system is assembled by placing cells 1 in the shape of a checkerboard to the width of one cell 1 on the prepared solid foundation in the lower floor in the front part of the prefabricated building cellular system, floor panels 14 equipped with with recesses 2 and teeth 3 and to cells 1 are anchored using wall feet 4.2 and anchor screws with couplings 4.1.

In the rear part of the lower floor of the prefabricated construction cellular system, the procedure is the same as in the case of the front part with a shift for the corridor space 9, with the opposite orientation of the cells 1 as in the front part, i.e. the inner transverse edges of the cells 1 of both parts of the prefabricated construction cellular system are adjacent to the corridor space system. Corridor floor panels 10.1 are placed on the solid foundation of the corridor space 9, which are anchored to the inner lower transverse edges of the cells 1 using wall feet 4.2 placed on the floor corridor panels 10.1 and anchor bolts with connectors 4.1 placed on the inner lower transverse edges of the cells 1. Corridor spaces 9 are closed from both sides of the building cell system by corridor walls 15 with openings 13 for doors or windows.

Subsequently, in the second and in each subsequent floor of the construction prefabricated cellular system, the cells 1 are placed in a checkerboard pattern above the space between two adjacent cells 1 of the lower floor and are connected to them in such a way that they are connected to each other on the longitudinal edges of their vertical walls by means of wall feet 4.2 anchored in recesses 2 and anchor screws with couplings 4.1 anchored in teeth 3 so that recesses 2 and teeth 3 of the vertical walls of cells 1 fit into each other. Also, on each floor, after placing the cells 1, the corridor ceiling panels 10 are placed in the same way as on the lower floor.

In every other floor, when cells 1 are placed in a checkerboard pattern in the outermost fields on both sides of the prefabricated building cell system, spaces will be created in which there are no cells 1 - in the most suitable solution, it is floors 2, 4, 6. In this case, recesses 2 and teeth 3 on the outer upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls of the cells 1 located in the extreme positions under the empty space, they insert the same profiled vertical walls 11 so that on the longitudinal edges of the vertical walls of the cells 1 and the vertical walls 11 inserted above them, their recesses 2 and teeth 3 fit into each other and connect with the help of wall feet 4.2 anchored in recesses 2 and anchor screws with couplings 4.1 anchored in teeth 3. Empty fields are closed by inserted vertical walls 11.

On the highest floor of the building cell system, in the empty fields in the spaces between the cells 1, ceiling panels 14.1 are inserted, which are connected to each other on the upper longitudinal edges so that their recesses 2 and teeth 3 fit into each other and are anchored using wall feet 4.2 and anchors screws with couplings 4.1. In those cases, if there are no cells in the extreme positions on the highest floor, before inserting the ceiling panels 14.1, the vertical walls 11 are inserted in the indicated manner, and the ceiling panels 14.1 are inserted between the extreme upper longitudinal edges of the cells 1 and the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls 11 and the connection with the indicated method. Ceiling corridor panels 10 are inserted and anchored on the highest floors in the same way as on the other floors. In this way, the roof surface of the system is closed.

Insulated shield walls 18 are anchored to the outer transverse edges of cells 1 equipped with recesses 2.2 and anchoring strips 4.3 in the first and each subsequent row of the building cell system using anchoring strips 4.3, while in the vertical direction the shield walls 18 are connected to each other by means of spikes 5 placed in holes 16 .

When equipping the prefabricated building cell system with attic walls 12.1 on its top, the procedure is such that if there are not cells 1 in the outermost fields on the highest floors, but vertical walls 11, in this case the vertical walls 11 on the upper longitudinal edges in recesses 2 are equipped with anchors spikes 5, and the ceiling panel 14.1 placed on the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical wall 11 is equipped with holes 16 in the teeth 3. Attic walls 12.1 equipped with holes 16 are placed on the ceiling panels 14.1 and vertical walls 11. In cases where in the outermost fields on the highest floor are cells 1, these cells in recesses 2 on the uppermost longitudinal edge are equipped with spines 5 and teeth 3 with a steel plate 17. Attic walls 12.2 are placed on the upper longitudinal edges of cells 1 and connected to each other with the help of steel plates 17. Ending 18.1 gable walls in the function of attic walls are connected to gable walls 18 by means of pins 5 placed in holes 16.

SK 50071-2020 A3

The insulated gable wall 18 on each floor is equipped with a balcony window or a French window, or the insulated gable wall 18 is without a window. The facade of the building cell system can be equipped with a balcony or a loggia.

The external modification of the cellular system is completed according to the customer's order. This means that in addition to insulation, the roof can be covered with grass or other vegetation, or the roof can be equipped with a swimming pool. Also, the system can be assembled in such a way that only one of the parts of the cellular system can be placed on the highest floor, and the other part can have the highest floor one lower, on which e.g. relaxing terrace with greenery.

The advantage of the construction cellular system according to the invention lies primarily in saving time, costs and construction accuracy. The cells are made in a plant that is fully automated and their production is computer controlled. They are produced in repetitive forms exactly according to thorough planning, which guarantees the maximum optimization of the shape, dimensions and reinforcement of the elements. According to the customer's request, the surface of cell 1 can be modified differently, it can be washed, the concrete can be ground, or it can have different surface treatments. The subsequent transport of the cells created according to the invention to the construction site enables quick assembly of an affordable building cell system. Due to its structural solution, the cell has a wide range of uses, meets the requirements of building physics, and is designed to handle seismic loads for every part of the country. Another advantage of this building system is that by gradually adding individual cells, buildings of different configurations, different floors and different lengths can be created.

Overview of images on drawings

The invention is explained in more detail with the help of figures in the drawings, where on

fig. 1 shows cell 1.

fig. 2 shows the cell 1, where there is a wall opening 13 for a door on the vertical wall.

fig. 3 shows the connection of a cell 1 placed above the space between two adjacent cells 1.

fig. 4 shows the connection of the vertical wall 11 on floors where there is no cell 1 in the outermost spaces.

fig. 5 shows the connection of the shield wall 18 to the transverse outer wall of the cell 1.

fig. 6 shows the method of inserting the corridor ceiling panel 10 into the corridor space 9.

fig. 6.1 shows the element from fig. 6 after inserting the corridor ceiling panel 10 into the corridor space 9.

fig. 7 shows the placement of the attic wall 12.1 on the extreme room ceiling panel 14.1, which is placed on the vertical wall 11.

fig. 8 shows the placement of the attic wall 12.2 on the extreme longitudinal upper edge of the cell 1.

fig. 9 shows the insertion of the ceiling panel of the room 14.1 on the edges of the vertical walls of cells 1.

fig. 10 shows the composite building cell system after it is closed by the top walls of the cells 1 on the highest floor, the top ceiling panels 14.1, the ceiling corridor panel 10 on the highest floor and the corridor walls 15.

fig. 11 shows the floor plan of the lowest floor of the prefabricated building cell system itself.

fig. 12 shows a cross-section of the prefabricated building cellular system viewed from above, while in contrast to the basic system there are partition walls separating the corridor space 9 from the residential 6, communication 7 and technical 8 modules located in the cells 1 of the prefabricated building cellular system on each floor, while the residential modules they are used for different types of apartments (studios, one-room apartments, etc.).

fig. 13 shows how the system can be used flexibly, when even part of the corridor space 9 of the system, if it is wide enough, can be used for residential purposes with the help of built-in partitions.

Examples of implementation of the invention

Example 1 shows a prefabricated building cell system having 2 floors containing a row of three cells 1 in the front and back of the system and a corridor space 9.

Example 1

The prefabricated building cell system shown in fig. 10 represents a two-story building, which consists of a front and a back part. In fig. 10, the second floor of the front part of the system z is not shown

SK 50071-2020 A3 for the reason that their connection to corridor space 9 is also obvious. However, it is true that the second floor of the front part, not shown, is designed exactly the same as in the case of the rear part. The prefabricated building cell system is created by cells 1, which are manufactured in the factory and brought to the construction site. Cell 1 shown in fig. 1 is formed by four mutually connected perpendicular walls. The cell 1 on its longitudinal edges is equipped with recesses 2 and teeth 3, in each recess 2 there is a wall foot 4.2 and in each tooth 3 there is an anchor screw with a coupling 4.1. On the transverse inner upper edge, it is equipped in the corners with a tooth 3.1 with an anchoring mandrel 5, and on the transverse outer edges it is equipped with recesses 2.2 and anchoring bars 4.3. In the corners on the lower longitudinal edges, it is equipped with recesses 2.1. Cells 1 were placed in the front and back of the system in the second floor by inserting them in a checkerboard pattern above the space between two adjacent cells 1 of the first floor and connected to them by connecting to each other on the longitudinal edges of their vertical walls by means of wall feet 4.2 anchored in recesses 2 and anchor screws with couplings 4.1 anchored in teeth 3. The storage of cell 1 in the second floor between two stored cells 1 of the first floor is shown in fig. 3.

By arranging the cells in the front and back part of the building, a corridor space 9 was created. The corridor spaces 9 were closed from both sides of the building cell system by corridor walls 15 with openings 13 for doors or windows (Fig. 6, 6.1). Corridor ceiling panels 10 were placed above the corridor spaces 9 on each floor (Fig. 6, 6.1.)

On the transverse outer walls of the cells 1, the shield walls 18 were anchored by means of anchor bars 4.3 in recesses 2.2, while in the vertical direction the shield walls 18 were connected to each other by means of pins 5 placed in the holes 16 (shown in Fig. 5).

In cases of more than 2 floors on every other floor, when cells 1 are placed in a checkerboard pattern in the extreme fields on both sides of the prefabricated construction cell system, a space will be created in which there are no cells 1 - the most suitable solution is floors 2, 4, 6... In the case, identically profiled vertical walls 11 are inserted into recesses 2 and teeth 3 on the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls of the floor of cells 1 in the extreme positions under the empty space so that on the longitudinal edges of the vertical walls of cells 1 and the vertical walls 11 inserted above them, their recesses 2 and teeth 3 fit into each other and are connected by means of wall feet 4.2 anchored in recesses 2 and anchor screws with couplings 4.1 anchored in teeth 3. The empty fields are closed by inserted vertical walls 11. This procedure is shown in fig. 4. In our example of a two-story building, the second floor in the extreme positions, the vertical walls 11 were inserted in a modified way so that the ceiling panels 14.1 were inserted between the uppermost longitudinal edges of the cell 1 on the upper floor, i.e. not on the vertical walls on the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls 11 cell 1 on a higher floor in cases of more than two-story systems. In example 1, the roof area of the building was closed in this way. We remind you that in cases where there are cells 1 in the extreme positions on the upper floor, the ceiling panels 14.1 are connected to the upper longitudinal edges of the cells 1 on this floor, which also closes the roof area of the building.

In example 1, the attic walls are connected, in this example, the attic walls 12.1 were connected using anchor pins 5 inserted into the recesses 2 of the upper longitudinal edges of the extreme vertical walls 11, which passed through the openings 16 of the ceiling panels 14.1 placed on the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls 11 and anchored is in the openings of the attic walls 12.1, as shown in fig. 7. In fig. 8 shows a simpler way of connecting the attic walls 12.2 in case there are cells 1 in the extreme positions. The end gable walls 18.1 in the function of attic walls are connected to the gable walls 18 by means of pins 5 placed in the holes 16.1.

Example 1 shows a prefabricated building cell system having only 2 floors containing a row of only three cells 1 in the front and back of the system and a corridor space 9. and its creation. It goes without saying that the number of floors and cells 1 in the rows is freely optional and it would be possible to show more embodiments of the mentioned system in this direction, but the entire system and its creation in these embodiments are included and clarified in the mentioned texts and images as well as the claims of the submitted application .

Example 2

The floor plan of the lowest floor of the prefabricated building cell system itself, with seven cell spaces in the rows of the front and back of the system and the corridor space, is shown in Fig. 11.

Examples 3 and 4 represent examples of applications of the prefabricated building cell system according to user requirements.

SK 50071-2020 A3

Example 3

The implementation in example 3 is explained in fig. 12, which shows a cross-section of a prefabricated building cell system viewed from above, while, in contrast to the basic system, partitions are added on each floor, e.g. umakart separating the corridor space 9 from residential 6, communication 7 and technical 8 modules located in cells 1 of the prefabricated 5 building cellular system, while the residential modules are used for different types of apartments (studios, one-room apartments, etc.).

Example 4

In fig. 13 it is shown how the system can be used flexibly, when even part of the corridor space 9 10 of the system, if it is wide enough, can be used for residential purposes with the help of completed partitions according to the users' requirements. Part of the corridor space used for residential purposes is hatched for illustration.

Industrial applicability

The prefabricated building cell system according to the invention is intended for the construction of apartment buildings, children's homes, boarding schools, dormitories, rental houses and retirement homes.

SK 50071-2020 A3

List of reference marks of the cell selection on the longitudinal edges of the cell

2.1 selection in the corners of the cell

2.2 removal in the transverse edge

2.3 removal of the corridor panel, dents on the longitudinal edges of the cell

3.1 dent in the corners of the cell

4.1 anchor bolt with coupling

4.2 wall foot

4.3 anchor bar anchor spike residential module communication module technical module corridor space ceiling panel corridor

10.1 floor panel corridor vertical wall

12.1 attic wall

12.2 attic wall with removal wall opening floor panel room

14.1 ceiling panel room corridor wall opening steel plate gable wall

18.1 gable end wall

Claims (6)

1. Prefabricated construction cell, characterized in that the cell (1) consists of four mutually connected perpendicular walls, while the cell (1) is equipped with recesses (2) and teeth (3) on its longitudinal edges, in each recess (2 ) is a wall foot (4.2) and in each tooth (3) there is an anchor screw with a coupling (4.1), on the transverse inner upper edge it is equipped with a tooth (3.1) with an anchor pin (5) in the corners, and on the transverse outer edges it is equipped with recesses (2.2) and anchor bars (4.3), while the corners on the lower longitudinal edges are equipped with cutouts (2.1). 2. A prefabricated building cell, characterized in that the cell (1) has wall openings (13) in the vertical walls of the cell (1). 3. A prefabricated building cell system according to claims la 2, characterized in that it is formed by cells (1) arranged in a checkerboard pattern in the horizontal and vertical directions in the front and rear parts of the prefabricated building cell system, while the prefabricated building cell system in the front and rear parts it contains flexible functional modules, which are residential modules (6), communication modules (7) and technical modules (8), and between the front and rear parts of the prefabricated building cell system, a corridor space (9) is created, above which there are corridor ceiling panels ( 10) and shield walls (18) are anchored on the transverse outer walls of the cells (1), and in the extreme fields on both sides of the building cell system on those floors where there is no cell (1) there are empty spaces filled with vertical walls (11), and corridor space (9) is closed on both sides by corridor walls (15) with wall openings (13) for doors or windows, and empty ceiling spaces between cells on the highest floors are filled with room ceiling panels (14.1), as well as on the plinth on the lowest floor in the spaces between the cells (1) with room floor panels (14), similarly on the plinth on the lowest floor under the corridor area (9) there are corridor floor corridor panels (10.1 ), and on the top floor there are attic walls (12.1, 12.2) and end gable walls (18.1) around the perimeter of the building. 4. The method of creating a prefabricated building cellular system according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the prefabricated building cellular system is created by placing cells (1) in the shape of the lower floor in the front part of the prefabricated building cellular system on a prepared solid foundation checkerboard to the width of one cell (1), floor panels (14) equipped with recesses (2) and teeth (3) are placed between the cells (1) placed in this way on a solid foundation, and they are anchored to the cells (1) using wall feet (4.2) and of anchor bolts with connectors (4.1), in the rear part of the lower floor of the prefabricated building cell system, proceed in the same way as in the case of the front part with displacement for the corridor space (9), while floor corridor panels are inserted on the solid foundation of the corridor space (9) ( 10.1), which are anchored to the inner lower transverse edges of the cells (1) using wall feet (4.2) placed on the floor corridor panels (10.1) and anchoring screws with a coupling i (4.1) placed on the inner lower transverse edges of the cells (1), the corridor space (9) created in this way is closed by corridor walls (15), equipped with anchor pins (5) and with openings for doors or windows (13), and between the inner upper corridor ceiling panels (10) are placed on the transverse edges of the cells (1), which are anchored to the inner upper transverse edges of the cells (1) using wall feet (4.2) placed on the corridor ceiling panels (10) and anchor screws with connectors (4.1) on internal transverse edges of the cells (1), subsequently, in the second and in each subsequent floor of the building prefabricated cellular system, the cells (1) are placed in a checkerboard pattern above the space between two adjacent cells (1), and are connected to them in such a way that on the longitudinal edges of their vertical the walls are connected to each other using wall feet (4.2) anchored in recesses (2) and anchor screws with couplings (4.1) anchored in teeth (3) so that the recesses (2) and teeth (3) of the vertical walls of the cells (1) fit into each other fit, and also on ka on each floor, after the cells (1) have been placed, the corridor ceiling panels (10) are placed in the same way as on the lower floor, in every second floor with the checkerboard laying of the cells (1) in the fields on both sides of the construction cellular system in the spaces where there are no cells (1), identically profiled vertical walls (11) are inserted into recesses (2) and teeth (3) on the upper outer longitudinal edges of the extreme vertical walls of the cells (1) located in the extreme positions under the empty space so that on the longitudinal edges of the vertical walls cells (1) and the vertical walls (11) inserted above them, their recesses (2) and teeth (3) fitted into each other and connected with the help of wall feet (4.2) anchored in the recesses (2) and anchor bolts with couplings (4.1) anchored in the teeth (3), and the empty fields are closed with inserted vertical walls (11), on the highest floor of the building cell system, in the empty fields in the spaces between the cells (1), ceiling panels (14.1) are inserted, which are mutually on the upper longitudinal edges sp drawbars so that their recesses (2) and teeth (3) fit into each other and are anchored using wall feet (4.2) and anchor bolts with couplings (4.1), while in those cases, if there are no cells in the extreme positions on the highest floor , before inserting the ceiling panels (14.1), the vertical walls (11) and the ceiling panels (14.1) are inserted in the above manner, they are inserted between the uppermost longitudinal edges SK 50071-2020 A3 of the cells (1) and the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls (11) and connect to each other in the indicated manner, then to the outer transverse edges of the cells (1) equipped with recesses (2.2) and anchoring strips (4.3) in the first and each to the next row of the building cell system, the insulated gable walls (18) are anchored using anchor bars (4.3), in the vertical direction, the gable walls (18) are connected to each other using spikes (5) placed in the holes 5 (16), when connecting the attic walls to the highest floors, proceed in such a way that if there are not cells (1) but vertical walls (11) in the outermost fields on the highest floor, these walls are located on the upper longitudinal edges in recesses (2 ) equipped with anchor pins (5), and the ceiling panel (14.1) is equipped with holes (16) in the teeth (3) on the outer longitudinal edges, with the help of pins passing through the holes (16) in the ceiling panels (14.1), the attic walls are placed and connected (12.1) equipped with holes (16) on the mandrel (5), and in cases where v 10 extreme fields on the highest floor are cells (1), these cells are in recesses (2) on the uppermost longitudinal edge equipped with spikes (5) and teeth (3) with a steel plate (17), with the help of spikes passing through holes (16) and of steel plates (17) are placed and attic walls (12.1) are connected, end gable walls (18.1) in the function of attic walls are connected to gable walls (18) using pins (5) placed in holes (16.1). 15 5. Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the insulated gable wall (18) in each floor is equipped with a balcony window or a French window, or the insulated gable wall (18) is without a window. 6. Method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the facade of the building cell system is equipped with a balcony or loggia.