SK45297A3 - Universal beam-type suspension - Google Patents

Abstract

A simplified universal beam hanger suitable for concrete and steel beams, includes a pair of L-shape members each having notched vertical legs and horizontal legs. Adjustable spring clips fit on the notched vertical legs and project inwardly to bear on a portion of the beam. The clips have spread or angularly related spring legs and each has a hole which will telescope over the notched vertical leg only when pressed toward a position normal to the vertical leg of the L-shape members. The clip has a bearing fulcrum which requires the load to be relieved before both legs of the clip can be pressed together and any vertical adjustment made. The horizontal legs of the L-shape members telescope into a housing beneath the beam and are maintained parallel and adjacent each other. The housing is formed from a single piece of sheet metal and has a clamp and confining windows at each end. One or more loads may be suspended therefrom as by threaded rod or wire, or supported at the side of the beam. The hanger is thus quickly adjustable for substantially any beam configuration, both concrete and steel. <IMAGE>

Description

Universal beam hinge

Technical field

The invention relates to a universal girder hinge and namely an adjustable hinge particularly suitable for hanging various loads such as pipes, cable trays, lighting and the like from the underside of a steel or concrete beam.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Available in beams or

Concrete beams' or load-bearing purlins have become. common in the construction industry, where the material and warehouses of the prefabricated elements are in place. The use of prefabricated concrete prisons has started to compete in many areas

-S- steel and wood. The free span of the beams can vary greatly from about 5 to 50 meters, as the dimensions and dimensions of the cross-sections differ. V. With regard to weight, stiffness and strength, the beams are always A-shaped. That is, they have a vertical pillar or rib and an upper and a lower strip. The belts and, in particular, the lower belts usually have the highest concentration of reinforced steel and some of such steels. they can completely approach the concrete surface.

Such prefabricated beams tend to be significantly oversized with an excess of steel and too large dimensions. But in order to reduce weight and be able to compete with a comparable range of steel and timber beams, lean, much more thoroughly designed prefabricated concrete beams are used and such beams cannot always have holes or anchors in themselves, without compromising the integrity and planned strength of beams. Drilling or insertion of fasteners into steel reinforced concrete beams is increasingly prohibited, either by law or regulation. This is particularly true of the bottom belt, which may have a high concentration of critical steel near the concrete surface. In addition, the exact location of the steel is not always known, and due to the tolerances introduced into the casting processes, the beam may differ partially from beam even despite identical external dimensions and planned capacity.

In the past, some fastening methods used holes. in the rib in the region of the neutral axis of the beam. These techniques may include corner brackets fixed to the rib through the opening and extending laterally from the beam. Other devices simply wrap the metal strip through a hole or slit in the rib around the bottom strip. Others may use a wide inverted U-bolt protruding through the opening in the rib to attach the trough or support to the bottom of the beam from which the load is suspended. In the lower belt, it was common to drill a hole and insert an anchor to attach a trough or rail, which in turn fastened the load. These methods, now largely forbidden or suffered from reluctance to eventually reduce the strength of the beams, were not in order and were being intensively worked to improve them. Even if the openings or the devices have been preformed or made on site, they have increased the cost of the beam and even by requiring usually the cleaning or removal of concrete residues.

Also, the openings, whether in the rib or in the lower strip, once formed, did not allow any longitudinal adjustment of the beam. These holes, namely in the rib, had a negative effect on the appearance of the beam. More importantly, such holes, namely in the lower strip, introduced local forces where the beam is most vulnerable.

Some suspension systems avoid problems with holes in the beam, total wrapping of the beam. This can be done by a perforated metal strip wrapped around the beam, or by a large inverted U-screw, or by a threaded rod running through the top of the beam and attaching the trough to the bottom of the beam from which the load is suspended. Another system may use a parallel support. One above the beam and the other one below the beam, the supports being connected together by a threaded rod on each side of the beam. These threaded rods usually require a number of nuts and washers and must also be adjusted and tightened. These systems are only useful when the area above the beam is available and even then require a significant number of parts and adjustments. Adjustment is necessary because the components are not easily adjustable other than by cutting to optimally adapt to different sizes or shapes of the beam.

Due to the drawbacks of the above-described methods, certain customized systems have been developed intended to engage only the outer portion of the backsheet. These systems are relatively expensive and can. operate only for a limited range of beam size and configuration. The simplest system uses a horizontal support that runs under the beam. Brackets are attached to it so that they protrude from the upper part of the support at each end of the lower belt. The brackets are terminated inwardly by bent upper ends extending through the upper portion of the ends of the lower beam strip. However, the brackets usually fit only one size or type of beam, and if the belt size is to be changed and only slightly axially, problems arise. The load is usually suspended from the support and special holes in the support for the brackets may be required and certainly the correct size and shape of the brackets. Again, a number of nuts, bolts and washers are required. This suspension device is not one that can be safely and conveniently adjusted. The brackets and the gauge of the brackets still have to be adapted to a particular beam or a very narrow beam range.

In steel beams, clamps are used across the ends of the bottom strip, but the arrangement and size of the concrete beams make this application too large, limited and awkward.

A much more customized hinge is the market known REF-500- sold by SINARD. It consists of two main console adjustable horizontally by means of a hand screw under the beam. Each bracket includes a short vertical bar. On the top of each rod is attached a swiveling short two-roll console with a blunt angle of the axis of the rollers. The lower roller is intended to contact the side or edge of the belt and rotates the upper inwardly extending roller over the upper part of the belt until it comes into contact with the steep upper surface of the lower belt of the beam. All components, as well as the two main brackets, are fixed around the belt by a hand screw. Such a hinge is relatively complex, but expensive, and its load capacity depends on the power of both the main and roller brackets. In addition, the range of usable beams, sizes and shapes is modest.

Consequently, it would be desirable to provide a simple universal girder which does not need to be wrapped around the girder, which does not need holes or supports in the girder, and which has wide adjustability so that it can be placed on a wide range of girders of different sizes and shapes and concrete and steel beams. It would also be desirable for such a beam to be inexpensive and easy to assemble, install and operate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION self-leveling horizontal bars horizontal bars, correctly aligned,

The beam hinge for concrete and steel beams includes two main structural members of rectangular diameter. The two members may be identical in some embodiments and are L-shaped, each consisting of a vertical bar and a longer horizontal bar with curvature at the bend. The inner part and the outer part (inside the bend and the outside of the bend) of the vertical bar are provided with notches positioned close together, as is the case on the upper part of the horizontal bar. The horizontal bars are attached below the beam, while the respective bars protrude upward on both sides of the beams, and each of them has an inwardly directed tongue clamp. Each clamp has two arms that are at an angle to each other, each arm having a slightly enlarged rectangular opening. When angled, the opposed narrower edges of the holes are wedged into vertical bars to prevent the clamp from moving vertically along the bar. Each tongue clamp has a downwardly bent support nose or support point for abutting on the upper surface of the bottom web of the beam. The notches in the vertical bar further increase the experience of the sharp edges of the holes of the reinforced tongue clamp. The clamp may be vertically adjustable or movable along the vertical bar so that its arms are pressed together so that they are generally perpendicular to the bar. . In such a position, the aperture clearance is sufficient to allow vertical movement of the clamp along the vertical rod. Prior to loading, a stiffening insert may be placed in the clamp to maintain the angular aspect of the arms, and the insert also strengthens the downward-facing support nose.

The horizontal parts of the structural L elements extend beneath the beam enclosed adjacent to each other. Both of these parts, these telescoping pass through the housing and when they are clamped between themselves and the housing. The housing is provided at both ends with windows whose edges engage in slits on the horizontal bars to prevent longitudinal slip. The housing is provided with a close lateral support to resist any tendency to pivot about the pivot axis of the loaded clamp. The housing may be formed of one piece of metal sheet and the load hangs from the housing from one or more locations by means of a threaded rod or wire. . .

In some embodiments, the horizontal bars of the structural members may be provided with mutually cooperating opposing teeth that engage into each other and into the housing. These teeth may be in the form of comb teeth extending over the entire height of the horizontal bar or a series of alternating teeth and wells.

In order to attain the foregoing objects of the invention, all of its features are set forth in detail and described in the following examples, appended drawings and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a universal hinge according to the invention mounted on a concrete beam and supporting a pipe. In FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a hinge assembly without beams; Fig. 3 is an enlarged partial elevational view of an L-shaped bar. FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial detail of notches located on both the inner and outer surfaces of the vertical bar and at the top of the horizontal bar. Fig. 5 is a side view of the housing. Fig. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the housing; Fig. 7 is a vertical section along line 7-7 of Fig. 7;

6. FIG. 8 is an elevational view of one end of the window housing; FIG. Fig. 9 is a partially enlarged side view of an adjustable spring clip; Fig. 10 is an exploded view of a spring clamp molding showing the shape and location of rod openings; 11 is a partial side view of an optional insert placed in the tongue clip after assembly. In FIG. 12 is a partial perspective view showing how the insert is retracted. Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the altered shape of the horizontal bars where their inner sides are provided with teeth that engage in the housing. Fig. 14 is a partial perspective view of another rod shape wherein the inner sides are provided with a plurality of pyramidal teeth and wells that engage in the housing. Fig. 15 is a view as in FIG. 1 showing a hinge on a steel beam and FIG. 16 is a similar view of an altered hinge where one horizontal bar of each pair is stretched and supports a cable tray, this time along the side of the concrete beam.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The reinforced concrete beam 20 shown in FIG. 1, dashed, consists of a relatively narrow middle portion or rib 21, an upper belt 22 and a lower belt 23. The upper and lower belts are generally made of reinforced steel. The common configuration of the drawn I-shaped beam is the two-sided notches 24 and 25, which at the upper and lower belts. the facing surfaces 26, 27 of the edges of the bottom belt are formed steep, outwardly apex

Notches usually include On these walls are hung; hinges according to the invention, designated 30, 31, 32, and 32; 1, the hinges supporting the tube 35 are arranged longitudinally below the beam.

The hinge 30, illustrated in more detail in FIG. 2 comprises substantially identical L-shaped structural members 37 and -38, respectively, vertically adjustable tongue clips 39? and 40, and housing 42. These are the basic hinge components in many embodiments, see items 37 and 38 will be the same as those of items 39 and 40. In some embodiments, however, one or both of the structural members may have another horizontal bar 44. 2, such as the dotted line in FIG. Second

In the detailed Figs. 3 and 4, it can be seen that each structural L element comprises a vertical bar 46 and a horizontal bar 47, with a bend 48 therebetween. The structural L elements may be formed of a rectangular bar material or relatively? thick-walled material and are structurally rigid. The horizontal bar 47 may be longer than the vertical bar 46. The dimensions of both bars of the L-elements are designed for a wide variety of shapes and sizes, as a rule, of concrete and steel construction beams or purlins.

As shown in FIG. 2 to 4, the inner surface 50 of the vertical bar, the outer surface 51 of the vertical bar, and the upper portion of the inner surface 52 of the horizontal bar are provided with a plurality of notches 54 positioned adjacent to each other. The lower part of the horizontal bar may be provided with indexes 55 as well as on the ruler, allowing the installer to adjust the position relative to the housing 42.

As is clear from FIG. 4, the equally spaced notches may be spaced about 2 mm apart and may be approximately 1/3 mm deep. The notches extend transversely over the entire surface in which they are formed. The notches extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the surface of the structural member bar. In the vertical bar, the slits may extend from the top of the vertical part to the tangent with a bend 88. The upper surface of the horizontal leg 47 provided with notches extends through the housing 42.

Referring to FIG. 5, 6, 7 and 8, it can be seen that the housing 42 is preferably a single sheet and includes a base 60, upwardly facing side walls 61 and 62 and end windows 63 and 64 formed at the upper bent ends of the housing. The end windows are rectangular with a wider side dimension. The bends between the base 60 and the edge of the end window housing may be provided with a wedge 65.

The side walls have an edge 67 profiled in the form of a truss. However, the wall 61 also has a horizontal projection 69. The horizontal projection is terminated by a tip 70 which is adapted to the horizontal slot 71 in the wall 62. The protrusion 69 may be provided with reinforcing ribs 73, 74. When it is; a horizontal projection 69 protruding from the side wall 61 slips into the slot 71, deforms downwardly and forms a deflection 767 as shown in FIG. 5 serving to urge the projection in the slit.

The side skirt 61 is provided with a threaded bore 78 into which the clamping screw 79 is screwed. The housing base is provided with three threaded bore holes 81, 82 and S3. In these threaded holes, threaded rods are mounted vertically for various embodiments of the suspension devices. It should be noted that the side walls of the housing / are provided with substantial openings 85 which may be. used in connection with wired wire devices.

In FIG. 8 and 8 it can be seen that the housing is designed such that the two horizontal bars 47 of the L-shaped structural members are inserted into the housing but closely adjacent to each other (side by side). As can be seen from FIG. 7, between the threaded holes 81, 82 and 83 and underneath the horizontal bars there is a considerable space 87. However, with respect to the windows, there is a small recess between the window hole 88 and the horizontal bar and the upper edge 89 of the window hole is designed to ratchet or notches on the top of the rods in case? hinge load. This engagement aids in the clamping of the bars in the housing, which is accomplished by the clamping screw 79. Unless the clamping sleeve is tightened, the horizontal leg portion and the housing can be moved relative to each other and their relative positions can be adjusted.

When looking at FIG. 2, 9 and 10, the tongue clamps 39 and 40 are identical and each includes an upper arm 92 and a lower arm 93, which are normally angled in or angled apart as shown in FIG. . 9. The upper arm 92 includes an obtuse angle or bend 94, which causes the arm to have a downwardly facing portion 95 sloping toward the rounded nose 96. The nose 96 continues to have an upwardly facing portion 97 at a certain angle that rises to the next bend 98, from which the end portion of the lower arm 93 faces downward at an obtuse angle. Each arm is generally provided with a rectangular aperture 100. 101. The location of the apertures is best seen in FIG.

showing the molded part 102 from which the tongue clamp is formed.

Each rectangular aperture 100, 101 has another portion in the direction of the length of the molding, and there is a curvature 103 at its corners. These rounds prevent the clamp from jamming and cause all four sides of each rectangular aperture to be easily angled inwardly like teeth. The two other sides 104 and 105 of the opening are spaced slightly more than the smaller cross-sectional dimension of the component. Also, the much shorter sides 106 and 107 are somewhat longer the rectangular dimension. cross-section The structural member will pass through each hole of the clamp much more easily when positioned approximately at right angles to the plane of the hole. When the element is inclined relative to the plane of the hole, the sides 106 and 107 of the hole are bored into the metal of the structural member, and such bite connection is further increased by notches 54. The edges of each hole are actually formed as hardened teeth for bite and internal and external fastening of the clamp on vertical bars of each of the construction element, if the tongue arms of the tongue clamp form a larger angle with the construction element. With the force directed downward on the vertical bar, the nose 96 leans against the concrete beam 20 and causes the lower clamps to bend or open at an even greater angle to the vertical bar and lock the tongue clamp on the vertical bar. In order to be able to telescopically adjust between the vertical bar and the tongue clamp, the clamp arms must be compressed together or brought to a position, usually a horizontal position, that the apertures are of sufficient clearance to allow the vertical portions of the component to be inserted. The resilient member is locked in place simply by releasing the clamp arms, allowing them to spring apart. The nose 96 acts as a support point under the load and allows locking of the angular ratio between the spring arms and the vertical bar of the component.

as far as the structural member.

an area 26 or a spring arm 93

In FIG. 11 and 12 show a similar embodiment of the invention which can be used for heavy loads. The open arms of the resilient member form a space 108 therebetween as shown in FIG. 9. In this position, the edges of the opening are bevelled into a notch in the surface of the vertical bar. To prevent deformation of the tongue clip, insert 110 can be introduced into this space 108 by simply sliding it in the direction of the arrow 111, as shown in FIG. The insert has the same shape as the space 108 and can be embodied as a rigid plastic or structural metal block that fits easily into the pen clamp space 108. Once inserted, the liner will remain in place. In case of heavy loads, the insert prevents excessive or permanent deformation of the clamp. The spring clamp then behaves like a rigid triangle, which is an excellent assembly for carrying loads. The rigid liner further increases this load carrying capacity.

In order to increase the attachment of the two horizontal bars to each other in the housing 42, their inner walls ... may be provided with internal embossed teeth as shown in FIG. 13 and 14. In FIG. 13, opposing horizontal rod portions 113 and 114 are shown, each having an inner surface provided with respective teeth 115 and 116 extending over the entire height of the horizontal rod. The teeth 115 and 116 are locked by compressing the two horizontal portions, both against mutual displacement and against buckling. The teeth shown in FIG. 13 are like toothed rack teeth and have a profile that allows the horizontal rods to slide relative to each other in the housing if they are not fixed, but to lock each other when they are fixed.

Fig. 14 shows another version of locking the inner surfaces of horizontal bars for the same purpose. In FIG. 14, the inner surface 118 of the first horizontal bar portion 119 is provided with a central horizontal row of alternately pyramidal tooth protrusions 120 and corresponding wells 121. The inner surface 123 of the second horizontal bar portion is provided with a carpet row of teeth and wells that engage and attach to the opposite row if The horizontal bars press the inner surfaces together. Both shapes of the inner, meshing surfaces can be used with or without notches in the horizontal top surface of each horizontal bar.

In FIG. 15 shows a steel beam 130. This steel beam is again an I-beam that includes a center rib 131, an upper and a lower belt 132 and 133. The hinge 30 and the clamps 39 and 40 engage the horizontal surfaces 135 and 136 formed by the lower belt. It follows that the hinge according to the invention is suitable not only for a wide range of concrete beams, but also for steel beams.

In FIG. 16 shows a hinge 140 carrying a cable tray 142 on the side of the concrete beam 143. The concrete beam consists of upper and lower bands 144 and 145 and a rib 146 therebetween. The lower belt comprises surfaces 147 and 148 on which the hinge 140 is suspended. The hinge 140 is the same as the hinge 30, except that the left structural member 150 has a horizontal rod 151 longer. Thus, the rod 151 projects laterally beyond the beam and the lower belt 145 and may carry, for example, a drawn cable tray: 14 2. It is to be noted that the sleeve 42 has been positioned towards the carriage of the lower belt 148 of the beam to reduce the bending moment of the load. This embodiment designated 44 is shown in FIG. 2 dashed. An advantageous solution is achieved by having both horizontal bars equally extended to the sides, the hinge then being able to support the load on both sides of the beam.

It is clear from the descriptions of the embodiments that the invention solves a universal beam hinge that can be quickly adapted to a wide variety of beams, both concrete and steel. The hinge is inexpensive and easily adjustable to hang a wide range of loads on the lower beam, whether concrete or steel beam and, if concrete, without forcibly interfering with the integrity of the beam structure.

Although the invention has been described by way of example of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other similar embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (19)

1. A beam hinge comprising a pair of L-shaped members each consisting of a vertical and a horizontal rod, the horizontal rods being horizontally applied to each other under the beam while the respective vertical rods extend upward on both sides of the beam and each carries a vertically adjustable inwards extending projection extending over at least part of the beam and further comprises a housing, which both horizontal telescopic rods placed under ^- beam to maintain the parallelism of these horizontal bars and means for suspending the load on this case. A beam hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for adjustably clamping the horizontal bars to the housing and to each other, whereby the hinge is adjustable in width. A beam suspension according to claim 2, characterized in that the inwardly directed projection is a tongue clamp independently vertically adjustable along the respective vertical bar. IN The beam hinge of claim 1, wherein the housing base is a thread for a hinge threaded rod or the like. characterized by an aperture with an aperture 5. The hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing has windows whose shape is provided with side walls and horizontal bars between claim 1, characterized in that it is provided at both ends with the cross-section of the bar, the latter and means for compressing the casing with these side walls. A beam hinge according to claim 5, characterized in that the housing is formed from a single piece of metal sheet comprising a projection and a slot which engage after the housing has been formed. A beam suspension according to claim 6, characterized in that:. including deforming the projection on the outer portion of the slot to prevent release of the projection from the slot. The beam suspension according to claim 5, characterized in that the horizontal bars are provided with notches for engaging the edges of the windows. The hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal bars are made of rectangular material and their inner and outer surfaces are provided with notches arranged close to each other. Beam hinge according to claim 5, characterized in that the horizontal bars are inserted through the windows into a housing in which they are placed close to each other and clamped by a clamping screw. 11. Beam and thus provided with teeth The beam according to claim 10, characterized in that the opposing surfaces of the horizontal bars are for engaging the rods in the housing / hinge according to claim 11, wherein the teeth are arranged over the entire height of the bar. The beam suspension according to claim 11, characterized in that the teeth are arranged on the rod in a row alternating with the wells for interaction with the surface of the adjacent rod. Horizontal horizontal opposing 14. A hinge according to claim 1, wherein the inwardly extending projection is in the form of a tongue clamp, the arms of which are angled together, each arm having a slightly enlarged rectangular opening for sliding onto a vertical rod of the respective L element, as the clamp arms. are pressed to a position perpendicular to the vertical bar. A beam hinge according to claim 14, wherein the tongue clamp comprises a downwardly bent support nose for bearing against the beam. A beam hinge according to claim 14, wherein the tongue clamp comprises a load carrying a support nose adapted to abut against the beam, wherein the load on the beam must be released before the clamp arms are perpendicular to the vertical bar L of the member. 17. The hinge according to claim 14, characterized in that: that an insert is maintained between the arms of the tongue clamp to maintain the angle between the arms. ? 18. A hinge according to claim 1, characterized by: '; characterized in that the at least one L element has a long horizontal bar, laterally projecting from the load carrying beam at the side of the beam. - R A beam suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one L element of each pair has a further A horizontal bar laterally protruding from the beam to support the load 7 on the side of the beam.