SK30798A3 - Aqueous solutions of formic acid, propionic acid and ammonia and their use - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns an aqueous solution of propionic acid, formic acid and ammonia consisting of 35 - 42 % by wt. of propionic acid, 30 - 40 % by wt. of formic acid, 5 - 10 % by wt. of ammonia and 10 - 30 % by wt. of water and its use in animal nutrition, fodder conservation, desinfection and drinking water conservation.

Description

- 1 Aqueous solutions of formic acid, propionic acid and ammonia and their use

Technical field

The present invention relates to aqueous formic, propionic and ammonia solutions and their use in livestock nutrition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

According to DE 26 53 448, aqueous solutions of formic acid, propionic acid and ammonia with a molar ratio of formic and ammonium ions of 4: 1 are known, as well as their use for the preservation of various substrates to prevent microbial decomposition. This citation also describes the addition of other monocarboxylic acids, in particular from the group of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, n-butyric, n-valeric, 2-methylbutyric, levulic, sorbic, acrylic and methacrylic acids.

However, the solutions described in DE 26 53 448 show a strongly acidic pH (pH value <3), which is unsuitable for some cattle feeding applications. However, increasing the pH, for example by adding more ammonia, leads to the undesirable result that the freezing point of these aqueous solutions is well above 0 ° C, which makes it difficult to handle these solutions in agricultural practice.

It was therefore necessary to prepare aqueous solutions containing formic acid and ammonia which, on the one hand, do not have a strongly acidic pH and which, from a practical point of view, have a sufficiently low pour point.

The essence of the invention

It has been found that the desired properties can be achieved with an aqueous solution consisting of:

a) 35 to 42 wt. propionic acid

b) 30 to 40 wt. formic acid

c) 5 to 10 wt. ammonia and

d) 10 to 30 wt. water.

Especially preferred is an aqueous solution consisting of:

a) 38 wt. propionic acid

b) 35 wt. formic acid

c) 6 to 8 wt. ammonia and

d) 20 wt. water.

The solutions of the invention can be prepared by reacting aqueous acid solutions with ammonia gas or aqueous ammonia solution to achieve the weight ratios indicated. It is also possible to start with aqueous solutions of the ammonium salts of one or both of the abovementioned acids and to add the free acid until the desired weight ratios are reached.

The solutions according to the invention are used for feeding livestock, in particular as an additive to pig, pig and poultry feed such as chickens and turkeys. They are particularly suitable for preserving feedstuffs, in particular liquid feedstuffs, to prevent undesirable microbial decomposition. In addition to lowering the pH and having antibacterial effects, the solutions according to the invention have a favorable nutritional effect, in particular due to formic acid, which is particularly useful in fattening pigs.

The solutions according to the invention can also be used for the preservation and / or disinfection of drinking water for watering livestock.

Another application of the solutions according to the invention is in the production of silage feed (silage). In silage feeds, besides the desired lactic fermentation, there is often undesirable microbial decomposition, which is mainly caused by fungi and putrefaction bacteria. The solutions of the present invention may be added to the feed to prevent rotting.

The addition of 0.1 to 10 kg of an aqueous solution per tonne of feed is generally sufficient for preservation. The preferred addition of these solutions is 0.5 to 4.5 kg per ton of feed.

As a rule, this solution is added immediately before silage.

The solutions according to the invention have the following properties:

- pH value in the range of 3.5 to 4.5,

- Pour point below 0 'C, particularly preferred solutions have a pour point below -20' C,

- density 1,1 to 1,2 g / ml,

- viscosity at 20 ° C 8.82 mPa.s.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The silage materials listed in the following examples were preserved with an aqueous solution of the present invention (preferably referred to as solution A) having the following composition:

% wt. % propionic acid 35 wt. % formic acid 7 wt. % ammonia and 20 wt. water.

The silage thus preserved was compared with the corresponding silage, which was first preserved with formic acid for the control and was prepared without the addition of a preservative.

In these comparative experiments the fermentation parameters of the silage were compared.

The silage mass used was prepared in the form of fine cuts using a motor silage mower and immediately inserted into a 4 m test force.

A total of 9 different silage handpieces were prepared from three different silage materials (Raygras grass, Knäuelgras grass and lantern).

After more than 5 months of preservation, the silage was fed gradually to the sheep in groups of 6 sheep that were monitored for metabolism. A representative sample was prepared for the entire six-day duration of the experiment based on the amount of feed daily taken from the silo. The shelf life and quality of the feed was determined according to the procedure described in INRA 1981 Prévision de la valleur nutritive des aliments des ruminants.

Example 1

Raygras Grass Preservation - Texy hybrid of the first harvest at the ear-bud stage (harvest date: 24 May 1995)

attempt Preservatives Amount of preservative used in 1 / t of fresh mass A control experiment without preservatives - B control experiment with formic acid 3.53 C solution A 4.54

Example 2

Preservation of grass Knäuelgras Amply of the first harvest in the ear-bud phase (harvest date: 1 June 1995)

attempt Preservatives Amount of preservative used in 1 / t of fresh mass D control experiment without preservatives - E control experiment with formic acid 3.40 F solution A 4.50

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alfalfa var. "Europe Knäuel- gras "Amply" Raygras hybrid "Texy Type feed - I ABOUT m m σ ABOUT DD > Attempt ·. 19.4 M NJ 19.8 20.7 20.6 NJ ABOUT vi 20.5 NJ -i b 21.8 % dry. 'J. ABOUT) 3.99 4.72 3.88 3.85 3.87 3.81 3.78 3.71 I Value pH 34.1 32.3 ω NJ tn 19.8 18.6 p 16.8 p b 15.7 ~ 2 É o P * (Q = 9.6 _ ~ 4 tn ω b tn ~ XJ b tn 4.5 6.6 00 NJ 2 2 I w 68.9 61.5 73.2 59.8 63.7 60.2 I 64.1 60.4 66.4 2 3 N! n 117.2 86.3 50.2 100.9; 105.1 104.1 9'96 58.7 129.2 3 P · (5 o < - t— Acids (g / kg dry) 36.0 32.7 97.3 21.8 28.7 25.4 42.6 x. about b 00 NJ Λ about about «J. N) about 03 7.0 0'6 ABOUT NJ 2.6 0.4 8 0 * prop. about b ABOUT b I 0,0 L p about b 0.2 0.0 p b about b 3 m £ • about b about b ABOUT ABOUT about b about b about b about b about b about b Valer. 19.8 | ω b 42.0 13.3 18.9 12.6 31.8 18.9 63.0 Alcohols g / kg dry

Table 2: Fermentation parameters of feed

Example 3

Conservation of lanterns odr. Europe of the first puck collection phase (harvest date: 8 June 1995)

attempt Preservatives Amount of preservative used in 1 / t of fresh mass G control experiment without preservatives - H control experiment with formic acid 4.71 I solution A 5.06

The results of experiments A to I are summarized in Tables 1 to 3.

Table 1: Chemical composition of harvested and preserved feed

Type of feed attempt % dry matter Contents solubility. of sugars in% dry matter collection ash Raygras A 20.1 8.5 22.9 hybrid B 21.3 8.5 22.6 texy C 19.7 8.5 22.6 Knäuelgras D 19.4 9.4 8.9 var. E 19.7 9.2 8.3 Amply F 19.4 9.4 8.9 lantern G 16.0 10.8 5.6 var. H 17.2 10.8 4.9 Europe I 16.0 10.8 5.6

Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the harvested feed used for preservation in silos.

The content of soluble sugars in Raygras and Knäuelgras was unusually high. The dry matter content was also increased. Both of these data show that the chemical composition of both Raygras and Knäuelgras was very favorable for silage. The chemical composition of the lantern was normal.

Table 3: Fermentation parameters of feed - alcohols

Type of feed attempt alcohols tot. MeOH EtOH PrOH BuOH g / kg dry matter Raygras A 63.8 0.52 35,94 27.34 0.0 hybrid B 18.9 0.50 14.97 3.47 0.0 texy C 31.8 0.30 22.50 9.03 0.0 Knäuelgras D 12.6 0.36 10.03 2.20 0.0 var. E 18.9 0.62 14.08 4.15 0.0 Amply F 13.3 0.29 12.18 0.86 0.0 lantern G 42.0 8.52 13.06 19.57 0.89 var. H 13.0 4.25 6.64 2.11 0.0 Europe I 19.8 6.61 8.06 5.15 0.0

Tables 2 and 3 clearly show that without preservation (Experiment A, D and G) with the exception of Knäuelgras (Experiment D), the fermentation parameters of the silage were unfavorable. The fermentation parameters without preservation show a high content of acetic acid and alcohol. This points to heterofermentative fermentation. Raygras grass and lantern without preservation had poor preservability.

These experiments show that the fermentation parameters using the composition of the present invention were as good as the known formic acid formulations.

In addition, the composition of the present invention, unlike formic acid, has no corrosive effects and no skin irritation has occurred in the rabbit test, which is very important in terms of technical use. Corrosive action on metals is also substantially reduced in the compositions of the present invention as compared to known formulations containing formic acid as a preservative.

Claims (5)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. An aqueous solution comprising: a) 35 to 42 wt. propionic acid b) 30 to 40 wt. formic acid c) 5 to 10 wt. ammonia and d) 10 to 30 wt. water. Use of an aqueous solution according to claim 1 for feeding livestock. Use of the aqueous solution according to claim 1 for the preservation of livestock feed. Use of the aqueous solution according to claim 1 for preservation for the preservation or disinfection of drinking water. 5. A composition for the preservation of feedstuffs for livestock, characterized in that it consists essentially of: a) 35 to 42 wt. propionic acid b) 30 to 40 wt. formic acid c) 5 to 10 wt. ammonia and d) 10 to 30 wt. water.