SK302021A3 - Extracts from bodies of dead bees and bumblebees and their preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

Extracts obtained from dead bees and bumblebees containing dimethylsulfoxide and the method of preparing these extracts are described.

Description

The field of technology

The solution concerns extracts from the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees, the so-called submarine and the method of their preparation.

Current state of the art

Almost all beekeeping products are more or less useful, and mankind has been using them practically for thousands of years. In addition to honey, which is the main bee product, wax, pollen, royal jelly, propolis, bee venom, larvae of bees and dead bodies of naturally dead bees are also used - podmor.

The honey bee /Apis mellifera/ is an insect that lives in communities. It is estimated that one bee family consists of 50 to 80 thousand members. The bee family consists of the mother, worker bees, which are the basis of the family and the hive. Worker bees are indeed females, but only with insufficiently developed sexual organs. Their main task is to collect nectar and pollen, which is necessary to ensure the entire community - feeding the larvae and also building honeycombs. Their life span is no longer than a year, in summer only 26 to 40, usually 35 days. The queen bee usually lives for 5 to 8 years. Tins live for about 4 months. Although most worker bees die naturally in the summer, a significant part of naturally dead bees gather in the hives during the winter period. This results from the fact that the majority of worker bees fly out of the hive and die in the wild, and those that do not have time to make their "last flight" and die in the hive are taken out of the hive as soon as possible. Therefore, there are practically no dead bees in the hives during the summer. The autumn bee offspring work only minimally during the winter and live for 8 to 9 months. It is reported that the weight of one average bee family is 3.5 to 4 kg. During spring and summer laying, 60-80% of bees recover. According to published data, it is assumed that only in the Russian Federation, the amount of naturally dead bees is 6 to 10 thousand tons. Naturally dead and dried bees are known in professional practice as podmor. Naturally dead bees - podmor, according to published data, contain: 8-10% moisture, 2-3% mineral substances, 10-12% chitin, 50-80% proteins and 20-30% melanin.

Although it sounds unusual at first glance, bumblebees belong to farm animals. There are really many different types of bumblebees, up to 30 species live in our territory according to different sources.

The earth bumblebee /Bombus terrestris L./ is the most numerous and largest species of its genus in Europe. It belongs to the storres log species group, i.e. that workers store pollen and honey in special wax containers. The workers later feed the larvae from the stored supplies, similar to bees. The body of the ground bumblebee is oval. It is black in color with a yellow-brown stripe behind the head, on the front chest and in the middle of the rump. And a white stripe at the end of the butt. An interesting feature of growing vegetables in greenhouses is undoubtedly the introduction of bumblebees as the main pollinators.

Beehives are located near the vegetable patch, which is home to thousands of them. Bumblebees can thus "work" on plants with a clear idea of where their hive is. The long sucker (up to 2.5 cm) allows bumblebees to suck nectar even from difficult-to-access flowers, such as clover. They like colorful flowers, which is why they are good pollinators of peppers, tomatoes and other vegetables, but also gooseberries, apricots and apple trees. Unlike bees, they first look for food sources, nectar and pollen, near their nests, and then fly away when it is lacking. That is why it is good if we "accommodate" them directly in the garden. They pollinate flowers on plants at a temperature of 5 °C even in the wind. In spring, bumblebees can be seen flying low above the ground. They are overwintering fertilized queens looking for a place for the future nest. When they find it, in addition to pollinating flowers and collecting nectar, they begin to lay the larvae of the future first workers and later in the summer also thrushes. The first workers then help the queen with raising the next generation of workers. When the thrushes fertilize some of the workers, they leave the nest. In the fall, these future queens find a place to hibernate in the ground, and the rest of the nest dies in the winter.

The bodies of naturally dead bees and bumblebees have traditionally been used especially in folk medicine in connection with the treatment and prevention of various human and animal diseases. For medicinal purposes, the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees, the so-called they usually use podmor after removing impurities, drying and grinding, or crushed either directly in powder form, in the form of creams or gels, but most often in the form of alcoholic tinctures and aqueous extracts.

A number of "proven" recipes are known by which people, especially in Russia, used the submarine to treat hypertension, diabetes, impotence, frigidity, joint inflammation, alopecia, various skin and cardio-vascular diseases, but also for the treatment of prostate adenoma and uterine myoma . Folk medicine also uses the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees to treat alcoholism in the form of so-called bee soup.

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The essence of the invention

It has now been found that dimethyl sulfoxide, CH3SOCH3 (DMSO), can be advantageously used to obtain biologically active components from the dead bodies of dead bees and bumblebees. It is a very effective and also relatively cheap solvent from the group of alkylsulfur compounds. It is characteristic of solvent systems in the sense of this solution that they contain either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) itself,

O .s H ₃ cr ^ch ₃ or its mixture with some other solvent, especially with water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerin, propylene glycol, or with acetic acid.

The industrial production of dimethyl sulfoxide, CH3SOCH3 (DMSO) is closely related to the chemical processing of wood, or with the production of cellulose. During this production, sulfated lignins are demethylated with the help of anions: SH and CH ₃ S. The demethylation of lignins has the character of nucleophilic substitution. Depending on the demethylation conditions (pressure, temperature, pH), different proportions of dimethyl sulfide, CH3-S-CH3 (DMS), methyl mercaptan, CH3SH (MM), and dimethyl disulfide, CH3-SS-CH3 (DMDS), are formed. The most important product is dimethyl sulfide (DMS), from which dimethyl sulfoxide, CH3SOCH3 (DMSO), or dimethylsulfone - methylsulfonylmethane, CH3SO2CH3 (MSM), which, unlike liquid DMSO, is already a white crystalline substance (melting point 109 °C), soluble only in hot water and in a wide range of organic solvents.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent, heavier than water (specific gravity-density at room temperature 1.092 g/cm ³ ), with a high boiling point at normal pressure (189 °C) and a high value of dipole moment (4, 7D). Although the solidification temperature of pure dimethyl sulfoxide is less suitable due to its use as a solvent (DMSO solidifies at a temperature close to +19 °C), by adding suitable additives, its very high phase stability can be achieved (e.g. by adding water up to -60 °C!). The ability of DMSO to activate and penetrate membranes makes it easily pass through biological barriers, e.g. skin, cell walls, organ cell membranes, bacterial walls, blood-encephalitic barrier, etc. A special feature of DMSO when passing through biological membranes is its ability to take other substances with it - DMSO thus serves both as a solvent and also as a "carrier" of active substances. The great advantage of using alkylsulfur compounds and especially dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in the preparation of extracts - macerates of the seabed is the fact that these are compounds that can be considered as natural forms of organically bound sulfur that are found in nature as part of the natural cycle of sulfur in nature. Scientific studies have proven that algae and plankton in the world's seas and oceans absorb large amounts of sulfur from the water and subsequently transform it into organic forms, the basis of which are precisely alkyl sulfur compounds.

It is reported that dimethylsulfide (DMS) is primarily formed, which is gradually oxidized to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and then to dimethylsulfone - methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) under the action of ultraviolet radiation. The mentioned alkylsulfur compounds are soluble in water and are easily concentrated in atmospheric water vapor. Through rain and snow, they return to the ground, where they become an important source of sulfur for plants and animals. This can explain why fresh fruit, vegetables and other foods contain a significant amount of alkylsulfur compounds (1-4 mg MSM per kg of fruit and fresh vegetables, 2-5 mg MSM in fresh unpasteurized milk). Also, in the bloodstream of an adult, the natural level of MSM is up to 0.2 mg per kg. Scientists have proven that there is a minimum concentration of alkylsulfur compounds in the blood, which is necessary to maintain basic vital functions and to protect tissues (Jacob, S.W. : Cerrent Status of MSM in Medicine, Am.Acad.Mcd.Prev.,1983, Jacob,S.W. - Herschler, RJ.: Introductory Remarks-Dimethylsulfoxide after Twenty Years, Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci., 1983).

After calcium and phosphorus, sulfur is the third most abundant element in the human body (an average of 140 grams of sulfur is in the body of an adult). Sulfur in the body is used almost equally by the skin, muscle tissue and bones. Similarly, nails and hair are composed of keratin, which contains a significant proportion of sulphur. A low level of alkylsulfur compounds in the body is related to states of unspecified fatigue, depression, increased sensitivity to physical and psychological stress and several degenerative diseases (Mindell, E.L.: The MSMiracle. Enhance Your Health with Organic Sulfur, Keats Publishing, lnc. Connecticut, USA, 1997, Ley, B.M.: The Forgotten Nutient MSM-on Our Way Back to Health with Sulphur, BL Publications, California, 1998). Dr. Morton Walker also describes the beneficial effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on the body in his publication "DMSO Natures Healer".

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Based on the remarkable findings of the beneficial effect of alkylsulfur compounds on living organisms, the Medical Information Foundation was established, the director of which is the doctor Paul Klein Breteler, based in the Netherlands. According to the published data of this organization, for example, the degree of toxicity of MSM is among the lowest.

For example, the organization in question states that MSM was administered to volunteers at a dose of 1 g per kilogram of body weight for 30 days, with no signs of toxicity observed. Likewise, intravenous applications at a dose of 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight, five days a week, did not cause any toxic effects in humans. In mice, the lethal dose of MSM was determined as (DL50) 20 grams per kilogram of their body weight.

In addition, the Medical Information Foundation recommends, for example, to eliminate a whole range of health problems in humans and animals, to use either dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or, due to its lighter and more pleasant application form, dimethylsulfone - methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). In most cases, at the beginning of treatment, it is recommended to take two tablets of 500 mg MSM twice a day. Interestingly, it has been shown that the effectiveness of MSM increases and is combined with vitamin C.

Due to the mentioned facts, in the case of many applications of underwater extracts in the sense of a solution, it is not necessary to remove the used solvent from the eluate and its presence in the extract is often welcome.

Moreover, the presence of the solvent in question does not prevent the biocharacter of the final product from being questioned (H.P.A. Fischer: "DMSO-handbook, instructions for use - hidden classified knowledge about natural healing", Nempe 2018).

Extracts from the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees according to the solution can contain only dimethyl sulfoxide alone, or DMSO with other commonly used solvents (usually, for example, together with water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerin, propylene glycol, acetic acid, etc.).

When compared with food-grade ethyl alcohol, which is usually used in the preparation of tinctures, the price of dimethyl sulfoxide is not burdened by a special tax and registration, which is customary in the case of alcohol.

The method of preparing extracts from the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees is also part of the solution. The basis of this method is a process called extraction (from the Latin word "extractio", which means "pulling out" or "isolating"). Extraction is a diffusion process in which a solid or liquid mixture, from which a certain component must be separated, is brought into contact with a liquid component - a solvent (extractor), in which the separated component is dissolved.

It has been experimentally confirmed that for the preparation of extracts from the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees, it is possible to use a process of simple extraction - maceration, during which biologically active substances are slowly released into the extractant, in which the bodies of dead bees are immersed. The suspension prepared in this way is allowed to freely extract with occasional stirring. Maceration can take place at room temperature or when the mixture is slightly warmed (30-50 °C). However, in order to preserve the structure and biological effectiveness of the extracted substances, it is advantageous if the process of maceration of the bodies of dead bees or bumblebees takes place at a temperature lower than 30 °C. The process of maceration is used, for example, in the preparation of tinctures from medicinal plants, whereby the loaded herbs are usually left to stand in an extractant, usually in ethyl alcohol, for 5 or more days. The structure of the plant cells is disturbed and the active substances are released and subsequently dissolved.

It was also confirmed that it is also possible to use the percolation extraction process when preparing extracts from the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees. It is a process in which the solvent - extractant flows through a layer of extracted material. This process can be compared to the preparation of filtered coffee. Improved modification of the percolation extraction process according to Soxhlet.

A characteristic feature of the method of preparing extracts from the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees according to the solution is the fact that the liquid phase - the solvent used for extraction contains dimethylsulfoxide - (CH3hSO, (DMSO).

As stated earlier, DMSO is a highly effective bipolar aprotic solvent, capable of dissolving both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. The ability of DMSO to pass through biological membranes and its ability to replace water molecules is also particularly excellent (the interactions between DMSO and a water molecule are somewhat stronger than between water molecules themselves).

In the method of preparing extracts of dead bees and bumblebees according to the solution, it is possible to use pure dimethyl sulfoxide, aqueous solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide, or various liquid mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide, usually with alcohols (mainly ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, propylene glycol, etc.), as an extraction agent. or with some carboxylic acids (especially acetic, citric, malic, etc.).

It has been shown to be advantageous if the bodies of dead bees are at least partially disintegrated before extraction, thereby speeding up and deepening the process of releasing biologically active components. For this modification, the use of fragmentary grinding, for example using a knife mill - mixer, has proven itself.

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In the method of preparing extracts by the maceration process, it is important to ensure that the extraction agent used at least completely covers the solid phase. It has been shown to be suitable if 3 to 5 parts of the extractant are added to 1 part of dead insect bodies.

Depending on the composition of the solvent used, it is suitable if the maceration process takes place for a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 30 days. During maceration, it is necessary to thoroughly mix the suspension at least occasionally.

After maceration, the suspension is either divided, or it can be ground into a fine suspension or paste. If a solution form of the extract is required to separate the maceration mixture, filtration, sedimentation, or centrifugation can be used.

In order to ensure phase stability of the suspension after grinding the maceration mixture, it is expedient to adjust its viscosity by adding a suitable additive - thickener (xanthan gum, agar, gelatin, bentonite, etc.). Similarly, in order to ensure the biological stability of the extract, it is sometimes expedient to count on the addition of a suitable preservative (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, ascorbic acid, or one of their salts, etc.).

It has been shown that the extracts of naturally dead bees and bumblebees according to the solution can be used as nutritional supplements, in the preparation of preventive and curative human and veterinary drugs, and also in connection with the preparation of means intended for the nutrition and protection of plants, as well as preventive means intended to increase their resistance to various pathogens.

In this use of plant extracts according to the solution, the ability of DMSO as an effective "carrier" of biologically active substances is also positively applied, and the high content of organically bound sulfur in the molecule (more than 40% S), in a very acceptable form, is also significant.

Similarly, it was also proven that bee and bumble bee extracts, the so-called underwater according to the solution, can be advantageously used in the preparation of preparations usable in human and veterinary cosmetics. Also in this case, the ability of DMSO to quickly penetrate the skin and to positively influence the entry of other active substances into the body of humans and animals is also beneficial.

Examples of implementation of the invention

The following examples clarify and document the solution in question, but in no way limit the claims for its protection.

Example 1

In order to prepare the extract of naturally dead bees, 15.75 g of ground, dried bodies of dead bees - podmora - was placed in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer conical flask using a kitchen mixer. Subsequently, 192.2 g of dimethylsulfoxide - (CH3hSO — (DMSO) was added.

The flask was placed in a tempering water bath, in which it was heated to 86 to 93 °C under reflux and with occasional stirring. After about 400 minutes, the heating of the bath was stopped and the extraction continued without stirring until the next day. Filtration through ordinary filter paper was used to separate the suspension. Filtration yielded 110.15 g of a dark brown subsea extract in terms of solution.

Example 2

When obtaining the yield by leaching the seawater at room temperature according to the solution, the following composition of the maceration mixture was used:

8.0 wt. % ground bee pollen,

46.0 wt. % of dimethylsulfoxide, (CH3hSO and 46.0 wt.% of water.

The maceration of the pods was carried out at room temperature for 3 days. The solid part was separated from the mixture after maceration by vacuum filtration through a polypropylene textile membrane.

Example 3

In order to prepare the undersea extract according to the solution, the same recipe as in example 2 was used. In this preparation, however, the product did not separate after maceration, but after its disintegration using a kitchen knife mixer, the suspension thus prepared was stabilized by the addition of potassium benzoate and xanthan gum.

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Example 4

The composition of the maceration mixture in the preparation of the undersea extract in terms of the solution was as follows:

7.0 wt. % of ground bumble bee pods obtained from old box hives used in tomato pollination,

30.0 wt. % pure ethyl alcohol (approx. 96% EtOH),

20.0 wt. % of dimethyl sulfoxide, (CH3>2 SO and 43.0 wt. % of water.

Similar to the previous example, the maceration took place at room temperature and the separation of the mixture after the extraction was carried out by filtration through ordinary filter paper.

Industrial applicability

For extracts obtained from dead bees and bumblebees, the so-called submarine, in terms of solution, is characterized by the fact that they contain dimethyl sulfoxide, CH3SOCH3. The method of preparing these extracts is also part of the solution. Its basis is the extraction of the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees with a reagent containing dimethylsulfoxide. The mixture after extraction can either be homogenized and stabilized, or the solid residue can be separated by sedimentation, filtration, or centrifugation.

The process of obtaining biologically active substances from the dead bodies of bumblebees and bees is undemanding and its implementation does not require the use of special equipment.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Extracts of the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees, characterized by the fact that they contain dimethyl sulfoxide, (CHbJz SO. 5 2. Method for preparing extracts of the bodies of dead bees and bumblebees according to claim 1, characterized in that the bodies of dead bees or bumblebees are extracted with a reagent containing dimethyl sulfoxide, (CH ₃ ) from SO, while the macerate obtained is either homogenized and stabilized, or solidified the residue after extraction separates.