SK288692B6 - Complex of equipment and method of waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste - Google Patents

Abstract

Complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste is solved in such a way that at the input (1) of BMW a crusher (2) is included, the output of with is connected to either a hygieniser (3) or a drying line (5). The output from the hygieniser (3) is connected to the biogas plant (4) input. The output of the bulk intermediate from the biogas plant (4) is connected to the drying line (5). The drying line (5) output is connected either to a pyrolyzer (7) with a second product output (7.1) of bio-coal or is connected to a compaction machine (8). The drying line (5) or the compaction machine (8) has the first product output (8.1) of soil substrate. From the pyrolyzer (7) to the drying line (5) there is a return loop included through a mixing device (6) with input (10) of bio-nutrient waste, whereby the compaction machine (8) included after the drying line (5) has a third product output (8.2).

Description

The invention relates to a complex of apparatus and method for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste (BDMW). The invention falls within the field of waste treatment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Biodegradable municipal waste also includes kitchen bio-waste generated in households and catering facilities. These are fruit and vegetable cleaning residues, cooked food residues, etc. From a quantitative point of view, kitchen and restaurant bio-waste is the most important component of mixed municipal waste. Depending on the time of occurrence, it constitutes 30 to 45% by weight. This separate collection component must be sorted out at source at all times in order to avoid over-contamination with foreign substances. This waste needs urgent treatment. It is a very dense material and must be mixed with volumetric agents (for example straw or wood chips) to improve air penetration when composting. Frequent rotation is necessary, especially in the early stages of composting. As a rotting waste, it has high air requirements and quickly goes into the anaerobic phase of fermentation. Therefore, it is also used in anaerobic digestion. It occurs throughout the year. When composting and producing biogas from kitchen waste of animal origin or mixtures of materials of plant and animal origin, it is necessary to observe the rules laid down by EC Regulation No. 1774/2002 EC.

Biodegradable municipal waste can be disposed of by the so-called municipal waste. hyginesation. It is a process in which pathogenic microorganisms are eliminated or significantly reduced by the action of high temperature and time and hence the health risks associated with the application of products produced from this bio-waste.

Regulation of the European Commission no. 1774/2002 (EC) on animal by-products came into force in Slovakia since accession to the EU in May 2004. This regulation lays down health regulations concerning animal by-products not intended for human consumption. The Regulation lays down rules for the management of these products, tightens the ban on feeding and, moreover, brings a higher level of control (the Regulation is not incorporated into national legislation but applies directly). This Regulation also defines rules for the processing of animal by-products in composting and biogas plants. The Regulation also applies to the following catering waste:

i. originating from means of transport in international transport; ii. intended for animal feeding; iii. intended for use in biogas plants or for composting.

. Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 divides organic materials into three categories according to hygiene risks:

Category 1 materials - this includes, but is not limited to, kitchen waste from vehicles in international transport.

Category 2 materials - this includes, among other things, manure and digestive tract contents.

Category 3 materials - including but not limited to:

- animal by-products resulting from the manufacture of products intended for human consumption, including defatted bones and greaves;

- confusing foodstuffs of animal origin, or confusing foodstuffs containing products of animal origin, with the exception of catering waste, which are no longer intended for human consumption for commercial reasons, production or packaging errors or other faults not posing a danger to humans or animals;

- catering waste excluding transport waste in international traffic.

Even a small amount of material from a higher category means higher categorization and stricter conditions for handling this material

Category 1 materials must be disposed of and no recycling technologies are permitted. For some Category 2 materials, anaerobic digestion and composting are already possible, which are also possible for all Category 3 materials.

When processing BDMW, taking into account the hygiene requirements of Regulation No. In accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (EC), it is necessary to crush the waste into particles with a maximum size of 12 mm and to remain above 70 ° C for 60 minutes.

It follows from the foregoing that the requirements of Regulation No. Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 EC states that composting of catering waste is only possible in closed bioreactors equipped with automatic temperature measurement. Digestion of kitchen waste is only possible at biogas stations with a sanitary grade Waste producers who currently give their kitchen waste for feeding will have to look for new ways of recovering or disposing of this waste in the coming period. This is becoming an opportunity for some composting and biogas plants to recover waste for processing. Waste will require high sanitation requirements, but at the same time the fee for the recovery of this waste should be

S K 288692 B6 significantly higher than other wastes. Existing composts using municipal bio-waste collected under separate collection, which also include kitchen waste, will have to comply with the Regulation. This will apply to the vast majority of separate bio-waste collection systems in the US. The increased costs for the use of kitchen waste will have to be paid by the producers of the waste in an increased fee for the use of this waste.

Accordingly, efforts have been made to solve this problem and have resulted in a proposal for a complex of devices for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste and a method for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These drawbacks are substantially eliminated by the complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste and the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the present invention. The essence of the basic set of equipment for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste consists in the fact that at the first input of the BDMW of the equipment complex there is a shredder whose outlet is controlled connected either to the hygieniser or to the drying line. The output of the bulk intermediate from the hygienizer is connected to the input of the biogas plant. The output of the bulk biogas plant intermediate is connected to a drying line. The output of the drying line is either connected to the pyrolyzer with a second product charcoal output or connected to a compaction machine. Here, the drying line or compaction machine has a first product outlet of the soil substrate. The compaction machine then has an output first product of spelletized soil with ub loss.

The complex of facilities for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste can be expanded by additional raw material input by adding a back loop to the drying line through a mixing device with a second input of bio-waste waste products. The drying line or compaction machine then has a third product outlet of the fertilizer substrate. The compaction machine then has an output third product of the pelletized fertilizer soil substrate.

The plant for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste has a biogas plant with an energy heat output and / or an electricity output, and / or a gas (bio-CNG) energy output.

In the described complex of devices, a method for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste is realized, the essence of which consists in the gradually described features. In the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste, the preparation of the material to be treated is also important. The treated waste is collected in barrels and is then fed to the first raw material input of biodegradable municipal waste, from where it is crushed in a crusher-mill by crushing to Iraq, where the particles have a maximum size of 12 mm.

If BDMW is made up of wastes only of plant origin - phytomas, such as. leaves, cuttings of branches and shrubs coming from eg. from the landscaping, followed by a drying operation of the crushed biodegradable municipal waste to the dried soil substrate, which is already in the bulk form already the output product. If the drying operation involves the pelletizing operation of the dried soil substrate,

The described technology can be extended so that the dried soil substrate proceeds to the next carbonization operation with the output of the second carbon product.

If BDMW is made up of plant waste - phytomas such as. peelings of potatoes and vegetables, cucumbers, vegetable leaves, as well as waste of animal origin - biomass, such as. remains of meat dishes from kitchen and restaurant waste, followed by a sanitation operation in which the crushed BDMW waste is exposed to a temperature above 70 ° C for 60 minutes while stirring. Hygiene results in an intermediate product of hygienised bio-matter. The hygienised bio-mass is processed in a subsequent biogas operation, the waste intermediate of which is digestate. The main biogas products are heat usable eg. in a drying operation, the electricity usable for supplying at least some of the devices from the complex of waste-free treatment plants of biodegradable municipal waste and the bio-CNG gas outlet. The waste intermediate is the digestate (separate) fed to the dryer and the drying operation is processed to dry soil substrate, which is already in the bulk form already the output product.

The described technology can be extended so that the dried soil substrate proceeds to the next carbonization operation with the output of the second carbon product.

S 288692 B6

In another advanced technology, the output second biochar product proceeds to a further mixing operation - blending with the bio-nutrient waste products from the second input, where the mixing intermediate is fed to a drying operation with the output of the dried fertilizer soil substrate. By subjecting the dried soil substrate to pelleting, the output third product of the pelletized soil substrate is obtained.

The advantages of the biodegradable municipal waste facility and the method of biodegradable municipal waste according to the present invention are evident from the effects exerted externally. In general, the originality of the present plant complex is that the requirements of Regulation No. Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 EC in the treatment of BDMW with a sanitary grade, while at the same time obtaining a wide range of output products, such as soil substrate in or in pellets, fertilizer substrate in or in pellets and biochar. At the same time, the energy outputs of heat and / or the energy output of electricity and / or the energy output of bioCNG are also generated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter of the invention will be explained in more detail in the drawings. 1 shows a complex of devices for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste. In FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a process for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste in a complex plant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The various embodiments of the invention are presented by way of illustration and not by way of limitation of technical solutions. Those skilled in the art will find or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation many equivalents to specific embodiments of the invention. Such equivalents will also fall within the scope of the following claims.

It is not possible for the person skilled in the art to optimally design the structure and select its elements, so these features have not been solved in detail.

Example 1

In this example of a specific embodiment, a minimum assembly of a plant for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention is shown, as shown in FIG. 1. It consists of the first input 1 of the BDMW of the plant complex, to which a shredder 2 is connected, the output of which is controlledly connected either to the hygienizer 3 or to the drying line 5. The bulk intermediate product output from the hygienizer 3 is connected to The output from the drying line 5 is connected either to the polyolyser 7 with the second product output 7.1 of the biochar or is connected to the compaction machine 8. Here, the drying line 5 or the compaction machine 8 has the first product output 8.1 poured or of the pelletized soil substrate. The complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste has from the biogas plant 4 an energy output 4.1 of heat and / or an energy output 4.2 of electricity, and / or an energy output 4.3 of bio-CNG.

Example 2

In this example of a specific embodiment, a complete assembly of a plant for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention is described. Starting from the minimum assembly described in Example 1 and expanded as described below. The plant for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste can be expanded to include a further feedstock by providing a return loop from the pyrolyzer 7 to the drying line 5 via a mixing device 6 with a second feed 10 of bio-waste waste products, e.g. animal manure. The drying line 5 or compaction machine 8 then has a third product outlet 8.2 of the loose or pelletized fertilizer substrate.

Example 3

In this example of a specific embodiment, the limited waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention is operated on the described complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste as described in Example 1. In the method of the invention, the treated waste is collected in drums and subsequently fed

S K 288692 B6 wine first inlet 1 of biodegradable municipal waste BDMW, from where these are crushed in a grinder-mill by a crushing operation to a fraction where the particles have a maximum size of 12 mm

If BDMW is made up of wastes only of plant origin - phytomas, such as. leaves, cuttings of branches and shrubs coming from eg. from the landscaping, followed by the operation D of the input of the crushed biodegradable municipal waste to the dried soil substrate D. 1, which is already the output product in bulk form. If the operation D of the drying of the dried soil substrate D. 1, the product is a pelletized soil substrate D1 -1.

The described technology can be extended so that the dried soil substrate D1 proceeds to the next carbonization operation F with the output of the second product F1-1.

If BDMW is made up of plant waste - phytomas such as. peelings of potatoes and vegetables, cucumbers, vegetable leaves, as well as waste of animal origin - biomass, such as. thus, meat residues from kitchen and restaurant waste, followed by a sanitation operation B, in which the crushed BDMW waste is exposed to a temperature above 70 ° C for 60 minutes while stirring. The result of the hygienization is an intermediate product B. 1 of the hygienised bio-mass. The sanitaryized bio-mass is processed in a subsequent operation C of the biogas treatment, whose waste intermediate of C.I is a digestate (separate). The main biogas products are heat H.l usable e.g. in operation D drying, electricity H.2 usable for supplying at least some of the facilities from the complex of facilities for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste and H.3 bio-CNG gas. The waste intermediate C1 digestate (separate) is fed to a dryer and is dried to a dried soil substrate D by drying operation D, which is already in the bulk form in the bulk product. If D drying operation involves pelletizing the dried soil substrate D1, then the output first product D. 1-1 is a pelletized soil substrate.

The described technology can be expanded so that the dried soil substrate D1 proceeds to the next carbonization operation F with the second biofluoride output product F.1-1.

Example 4

In this example of a particular embodiment, a complete process for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention operated as described in Example 3, expanded as described below, is described. The second biofluoric output product F. 1-1 proceeds to the next mixing operation G - blending with the bio-nutrient waste products from the second inlet 10, where the mixing intermediate G1 is fed to the drying operation D with the outlet of the dried soil fertilizer substrate D.2. When the dried fertilizer soil substrate D.2 is subjected to an epelletizing operation, the third product D.2-1 of the pelletized fertilizer soil substrate is obtained.

Industrial usability

The industrial applicability of the plant complex and the method of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention is primarily in the field of BDMW waste treatment.

Claims (6)

S 288692 B6 PATENT CLAIMS A complex of devices for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste, characterized in that it consists of a shredder (2) at the first inlet (1); a hygienizer (3) connected to the outlet of the crusher (2); a biogas plant (4) connected to an outlet from the hygienizer (3) having an energy output (4.1) of heat and / or an energy output (4.2) of electricity and / or an energy output (4.3) of gas; a drying line (5) associated with a volumetric outlet of the biogas plant (4); a pyrolysis device (7) connected to an outlet of a drying line (5) having a second biochar outlet (7.1); a compaction machine (8) also connected to an outlet from the drying line (5) having a first outlet (8.1) of the soil substrate. The complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis device (7) is connected to the drying line (5) with a return loop through a mixer (6) with a second inlet (10) of bio-nutrient waste products. wherein the compaction machine (8) downstream of the drying line (5) has a third outlet (8.2) of the soil substrate. Method for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste in a complex plant according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it is carried out in a complex of plants according to claims 1 to 2, wherein the operation (A) carried out in a shredder (2), followed by: either the operation (B) of the sanitation of crushed biodegradable municipal waste in a sanitizer (3) with intermediate (B1) / sanitized bio-matter which is further processed by operation (C) of biogas blowing in the plant (4) for producing biogas with intermediate digestate (C1) and further processing thereof by a drying operation (D) in a drying line (5) to a dried first soil substrate (D. 1); or followed by a drying operation (D) of the input crushed biodegradable municipal waste in a drying line (5) onto the dried second soil substrate (D.2); operation (E) of pelleting the dried first soil substrate (D.I) in the compaction machine (8) to obtain an output first product (D. 1-1) of the pelletized soil substrate. A method for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claim 3, characterized in that the dried soil substrate (D. 1) proceeds to a further carbonization operation (F) in a pyrolysis plant (7) with a second biochar output (F.1-1). A method for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the output second biochar product (F. 1-1) proceeds to a further mixing operation (G) in a blender (6) with bio-nutrient waste products from the second the inlet (10), wherein the mixing intermediate (G1) is fed to a drying operation (D) in a drying line (5) with the outlet of a dried second fertilizer soil substrate (D.2). A method for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claim 5, characterized in that the drying operation (D) in the drying line (5) is followed by a pelleting operation (E) of the dried soil substrate (D.2) in the compaction machine (8). to the output third product (D.2-1) of the pelletized fertilizer soil substrate.