SK274789A3 - Method of changing quality of materials at transfer station - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of changing of solid communal waste at the transfer station is realised by that the incursion ramps and a part of reinforced surfaces necessary for overcoming the vertical gap while removing contents of small-volumed or specific vehicles into big-volumed containers are replaced by combination of delivery systems with technical means. Technical means provides for during transfer relevant change of the quality of transferred solid communal waste by that during the transfer comes to the first step of separating the waste.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for changing the quality of municipal solid waste at a transfer station, when transporting cargo over longer distances, for which it is not possible to transport load-bearing materials by special-purpose or low-volume waste collection vehicles.

. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The transported solid municipal waste is advantageously transferred from small-volume vehicles or special-purpose collection vehicles to containers such as large-volume containers during transport, and reloading stations are being built to facilitate transhipment. The known solutions of the transfer stations do not simultaneously separate, that is, separate some of the components of municipal solid waste. Existing reloading solutions use a ramp system and paved areas to overcome the height difference needed to transfer the contents of vehicles to transporters, which among other things increases investment costs. Problems will increasingly manifest themselves in a flat area. A part of the reloading station is a hall of lighter construction, which reduces the effects of unsuitable weathering and prevents the material being dispersed around the environment by the wind.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the solution of the reloading station, we have found that many times it is preferable to replace the access ramp or a part thereof with conveyor systems, such as a device consisting of a container, a vibration or redler feeder and a belt conveyor. We have also found that many times it is more convenient to transfer or duplicate some of the operations of the incinerator or processing plant to which the reloaded solid municipal waste is transferred, or to reduce the amount of waste for landfills. Combining these two findings, the present invention has been developed in which transport systems are used in combination with technical means to provide the necessary height difference when transferring the contents of low-volume or special purpose vehicles to the conveyor space at the transfer station. For the treatment of municipal solid waste, these are some of the following technical means: electromagnetic separators, non-ferrous metal separators, ballistic separators, inertia separators, fluidized-bed separators, glass separators, compostable separators, aerodynamic separators, but also manual sorting.

By using the aforesaid technical means during the transhipment, at the same time, the first stage of sorting of municipal solid waste is achieved, which is not realized at the known transhipment stations. The separation of scrap iron from municipal solid waste is similar to the production of iron from ore, which it therefore saves. The same applies to non-ferrous metals or glass. The cans obtained can be worked up into pieces of tinplate from which tin can be obtained. The old vacuum cleaner can be disassembled into spare parts for repairers.

The organic substances can be used to make compost. Plastics can be washed and crushed with a return to the production cycle. Finally, the residual fuel can be reluctantly separated.

Image overview

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be explained in more detail by means of a drawing, in which a technological diagram of an example of a municipal solid waste refueling station - MSW is shown. By omitting or adding individual parts of a machine such as a non-ferrous metal separator, many variants of the invention for particular conditions are created.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example # 1: Solid municipal waste collected by collection vehicles must be taken to a crushing plant. Upon arrival of the pick-up vehicle at the transfer station, the pick-up vehicle tilts its contents into the hopper. The lower part of the container consists of a redier feeder, which transfers the waste to a rubber belt conveyor for transporting the waste to the rotary drum separator. The vast portion of the rotary drum separator goes to the second rubber belt conveyor. This delivers a stock of traction to a tractor siding which is towed by a tractor to a nearby landfill or other processing. A substantial portion of the rotary drum separator falls onto a third rubber belt conveyor, above which is an electromagnetic separator of ferromagnetic solids waste. The electromagnetic separator moves the ferrous metals by slipping into a small-volume container, where they are weighed for loading into the metallurgical works. The remainder of the iron-free solid municipal waste is transferred by a second rubber belt conveyor to a large-capacity container with a movable bottom or even a compression shield, by which the treated lining portion is moved for further processing.

Example # 2: Upon arrival of the pick-up vehicle at the transfer station, the pick-up vehicle tilts its contents onto a suitably arranged plateau. Fifth, the contents are transferred by a bulldozer to a hopper of a low-speed rubber conveyor belt with a width of 1 m. Above this belt is placed an electromagnetic separator and a manual sorting is performed on the belt in combination with other mentioned technical means, especially separators.

Industrial usability

According to the present knowledge, waste transfer stations are the most suitable for the application of the invention. Part of the municipal solid waste can be disposed of as spare parts, part as a quality secondary raw material, part as easier to process waste to the treatment plant, part to incineration plant and part as ballast to landfills, thus reducing the capacity of the treatment plant, incineration plant or landfill. Depending on the level of technology of industrial plants, secondary raw materials can replace some or all of the necessary raw materials.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS Method for changing the quality of municipal solid waste at a transfer station used to translate the contents of low-volume transport equipment or the content of special-purpose vehicles into large-capacity containers, characterized in that the transhipped municipal waste is simultaneously sorted manually or mechanically. Method for changing the quality of municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical sorting is carried out by means of electromagnetic separators, non-ferrous metal separators, ballistic separators, rotary or vibrating separators, inertia separators, fluid separators, glass separators, separators of compostable substances, aerodynamic separators.