SK1582019U1 - Equipment for processing organic waste and waste treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The organic waste treatment plant has inside it three separate stainless steel chambers, a first chamber (1a), a second chamber (1b) and a third chamber (1c), each of the chambers having its own pressure line with a relief valve (2) and heating coils (3) for heating the chambers, and the chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) are connected to the fermenter (14), being interconnected by a hose line (4), and this is further connected to the mixing parts (5) of the device which are driven by a compressor (6) and are connected via a first valve (10) and a subsequently placed external hose system (9) to the external pipeline (7) of the producer for discharging enzymatically treated waste (8), the device having an outlet via a second a valve (11) connected to an external fermenter (14), a dofermentor (13) or to an external biogas plant (12). The device is used for the treatment of organic waste by connecting the mixing parts (5) of the device to the external pipeline (7) of the producer, from where the waste (8) is let in via an external hose system (9) and a first valve (10).

Description

Technical field

The solution concerns an organic waste treatment plant and a method for treating non-consumable organic waste into an ecologically renewable energy source or a secondary source of nutrients from agricultural production.

Prior art

In Slovakia, the activities of agricultural, food, pharmaceutical and water companies generate waste characterized in accordance with the Waste Act 79/2015 Coll. As (O), "other".

These are the following types of waste:

02 Wastes from agriculture, horticulture, forestry, hunting and fishing, aquaculture and food production and processing 03 Wastes from wood processing and from the production of paper, cardboard, pulp, lumber and furniture 18 Wastes from health or veterinary care or related research, excluding kitchen and restaurant wastes not arising from direct health care 19 Wastes from waste treatment facilities, from waste water treatment plants to the place where they are generated and from drinking water and industrial water treatment plants 20 Municipal wastes (household wastes and similar wastes from trade, industry and institutions) including their components from separate collection

The basic part of these wastes are organic components making up 30-90% of their composition.

Various solutions for the treatment of organic waste are known from practice.

Solid waste is usually disposed of in 4 ways:

1. Managed landfill:

- Although it is the least suitable way of disposing of waste, it disposes of about 70-90% of the world's waste by suction

2. Combustion:

- the most modern method of disposal

3. Composting:

-can replace industrial fertilizers

4. Waste treatment:

- allows to use waste as a secondary raw material (iecycling), the condition for reuse of waste is its sorting

Many ways and technologies of waste treatment god presented at the conference Industrial Emissions 2018, which took place in Bratislava in October 2018. At the conference, for example, prof. Ing. Igor Bodík, PhD., Department of Environmental Engineering FCFT STU with a presentation on the topic "Removal of priority substances and micropollutants from wastewater by degradation processes", or prof. Ing. Ján Derco, DrSc., Department of Environmental Engineering FCFT STU "Strategies for anaerobic treatment of biodegradable waste with a high content of nitrogen and sulfur".

The most common way of processing organic waste is its storage and composting, based on the gradual decomposition of waste.

Due to the high proportion of organic substances, such wastes are a product with a very unpleasant accompanying odor, especially in the process of landfilling or composting, where the organic part of the waste is decomposed for a long time by natural organic decomposition (digestion), followed by waste gases. These gases usually escape freely into the air, which has an annoying effect on the eye, especially on populated residential areas. In addition to odor, such gases also increase the content of harmful greenhouse gases in the air.

A significant part of organic waste also contains other harmful substances, the so-called ..mikropolutanty. which enter organic waste by excretion from the digestive tract of animals, humans (eg steroid and antibiotic drugs), but also from agricultural production (eg herbicides, pesticide sprays). These substances are harmful to the environment and highly problematic, as they are non-degradable by normal gradual attack and become part of the water cycle.

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The essence of the technical solution

The aim of the presented technical solution is to ensure such treatment of organic waste, which removes the odor during storage and processing of waste, and at the same time will be ecological.

The basis of the processing of organic waste according to this solution is the maximum possible bio-degradation of waste into gas in a short time interval and in a spatially controlled processing process. Enzymes are used to process waste.

The organic waste treatment plant has three separate stainless steel chambers located inside it, each of the chambers having its own pressure relief valve and internal heating pipe coils intended for heating the chambers. The chambers are interconnected by piping, and this is further connected to the mixing parts of the device driven by the compressor.

The mixing parts of the device are connected via a valve and subsequently a hose system placed to the external pipeline for discharging the cnzy nut of the treated waste, the device being connected at the outlet to an external fermenter, dofermentor or to an external biogas plant.

In the first step of waste treatment, pre-preparation is performed: first waste samples are taken from the whole waste generation process in the waste producer's plant, and based on them the basic waste parameters are evaluated: PH, dry matter content, nitrogen content as total N, phosphorus content as total P, content of hazardous substances in the sense of the Waste Act and values of micropollutants.

In the second step, the waste test is performed and its subsequent bio-degradation under laboratory conditions, where the exact effective dose of enzymes and the exact composition and proportions of enzymes for the given waste samples are determined.

In the third step, a set dose of enzymes is delivered to the waste producer. In each waste producer's waste generation process, the ratio and dosage of the enzyme mixture is determined. The dose of enzymes thus determined is then added daily by the producer to the processes in which the waste is generated. After the time of waste retention in the producer's production in the interval from 24 hours to 30 days, the cnzy mother of the treated waste is discharged into the built-in stationary or mobile mixing device.

The treatment of the cnzy matrix of the treated waste is performed immediately to avoid an uncontrolled gas formation process. The device is connected to the producer's pipeline to discharge the nut of the treated waste through a hose system, and through a subsequently located valve on the chamber system, the waste is sucked into the first two chambers by successive suction. Simultaneously with the suction process, the process of heating the chambers is started, this process lasts until the filling of both chambers and until the operating temperature of 65 ° C is reached. This is followed by the opening of chamber number three and the start of the circulation process. Chamber number three contains the enzyme ready to be mixed into two full chambers. Subsequent mixing and circulation of all three chambers makes the mixture ready for transfer to the biogas plant.

Stirring of the mixture takes 10 hours, while heating the chambers and maintaining maximum operating conditions to ensure enzyme activity. During the mixing process, gases are formed, which are balanced in all pressure chambers by a relief valve. During the mixing process, a slight foam is formed in the total height above the level of up to about 10 cm.

In the next step, the pH of the prepared mixture is measured. A sample was taken from the mixture, cooled to 20 ° C and measured for pH. The required pH should be in the range of 6.5 ± 0.2. In the case of a deviation, sapH is treated with ferric chloride or 24% by weight. ammonia water.

The mixing process is then stopped, the mixing parts of the apparatus are connected via a valve and a hose to the production line of the producer, followed by a slow discharge from the chambers to the fermenter. The discharge lasts for several hours while regulating the pressure so that the foam does not exceed the permissible level value up to 10 cm. This is followed by the gasification phase of the mixture. The residence time of the mixture in the recipient's fermenter is 20-30 days, with constant stirring.

In the next step, the mixture is transferred to the recipient's dofermentor or to the final storage of the external biogas plant. This is followed by a residence time of 60-90 days. Then it is necessary to ensure the drainage of water.

In the last step, a sample of residual mass is taken for analysis and evaluation of its parameters in accordance with the Act on Fertilizers - as a secondary source of nutrients.

In our solution, waste treatment will create an ecologically renewable source of nutrients with primary energy consumption and subsequent secondary consumption of nutrients in agriculture.

Overview of figures in the drawings

In FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of an organic waste treatment plant.

In FIG. 2 shows a top view, in cross section, of an organic waste treatment plant, without external parts of the plant.

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Examples of embodiments

Example 1

The organic waste treatment plant has three separate stainless steel chambers located inside: a first chamber 1a, a second enzymatic chamber 1b and a third chamber 1c, each of the chambers having its own pressure line with a relief valve 2 and heating pipe coils 3 for heating the chambers. The chambers 1a, 1b, 1c are connected to the fermenter 14, being interconnected by a hose line 4, and this is further connected to the mixing parts 5 of the device, which are driven by the compressor 6.

The mixing parts 5 of the device are connected via a valve 10 and subsequently an external hose system 9 of the producer's external pipeline 7 is discharged for discharging the physically treated waste 8, the device being connected at the outlet via a second valve 11 to an external fermenter 14, dofermentor 13 or external biogas plant. 12th

Organic waste treatment facilities can be mobile.

Before the start of the processing process, waste samples are taken from the entire waste generation process at the waste producer's plant, the basic waste parameters are evaluated: PH, dry matter content, nitrogen content as total N, phosphorus content as total P, hazardous substances such as arsenic, calcium, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, potassium, K2O, magnesium, nickel, lead, selenium, wetting, micropollutant values.

This is followed by a test of the waste and its biodegradation under laboratory conditions by discontinuous mesophilic anaerobic digestion without agitation (BMP test - Biochemical Methane Potential) using bank bioreactors. The procedure is based on the ČSN EN ISO 11734 standard, or on the methodological instructions of RNDr. BUBENÍKOVÁ. The reactors are located in an aqueous medium at a temperature of 40 ° C ± 0.5 ° C. Two bio reactors are used to determine the endogenous production of biogas and methane. During 40 days, the temperature (biogas temperature), barometric pressure and biogas volume increase are recorded. With a sufficient amount of biogas in the burette (above 150 nou), the measurement of methane content is performed by a portable biogas analyzer Geotechnical Instruments (UK) Ltd. "Biogas5000" with dual infrared sensors CH4 (0-70% ± 0.5%) and CO2 (0-60% ± 0.5%) and electrochemical sensors 02 (0-25% ± 1.0%), H2 ( 0 - 2000 ppm ± 2.0% FS) and H2S (0 - 5000 ppm ± 2.0% FS) with a Geotech Biogas5000 analyzer (CH4 0 - 70% ± 0.5%). The pH was measured with a WTW 340i with a Serilix 41 probe, a KERN DLB 160 3A moisture analyzer with a halogen lamp was used for drying, and annealing was performed with a LEČO TGA 701 thermogravimetric analyzer. The enzyme dose was determined by the ratio to gaseous dry matter.

T Piôŕfokt IIIIIII ***** PII-A: x laccase 70 ·% 70% 40 34 15% 70% 4034 15% 20% 20% x chickpea 60% 60% 70 34 x ainylase 10% 5% · 10% 5% 20? -Í> 30% ^: 30% · x lipase 20% 30% 20% 5% 3034 20% 5% 20% 20% x pectinage 10% 30 3i 15 3¾ 30 34 15% 10% 25 34 25% Mediator (g / liter of enzyme) 2 2 2 . *) 2 Recommended dosage (lira / silent ton) 3 ¢ 1 -3) 3 in 3 - 5) 3 Í2 - 7) 10 (5-15 (T -5) (2-7) 10 (5-15) 10 (5 - 15) 3 (1 -5) (1 -5)

Table 1: Composition of the enzyme mixture, example

In the third step, the set dose of the mixture is transferred to the waste producer. The dose of enzymes thus determined is added daily to the waste generation processes, with the ratio and dosage of the enzyme mixture being determined in each waste generation process. After the retention time of the waste in the producer's production from 24 hours to 30 days, the physically treated waste is discharged into the attached organic waste treatment plant. The device can be mobile. The mobile mixing device has a mixing capacity of 30 m ^{3 of} waste per day divided into three stainless steel separate chambers. Gradual suction sucks the waste into the first two chambers with a total suction capacity of 5 m ³ / hour.

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The treatment of organic waste is carried out by connecting the mixing device 5 to the external pipeline 7 of the producer, from where the treated waste 8 is discharged into the device via an external hose system 9 and a first valve 10, the waste 8 being sucked into the first two chambers by successive suction. - into the first chamber 1a and the second enzymatic chamber 1b, and in parallel with the suction process, the process of heating the chambers 1a, 1b is started, this process lasting a total of 3-5 hours until both chambers are completely filled and reach their operating temperature of 65 ° C. Then the third chamber 1c is opened and the process of circulating the mixture in all chambers starts, the third chamber 1c containing the enzyme for mixing into two full chambers 1a, 1b. The waste 8 is further processed by stirring while circulating in all three chambers, the stirring lasting 10 hours with constant heating of the chambers in which the operating conditions are maintained to maintain the activity of the enzyme. The gases formed during mixing are equilibrated in all pressure chambers by their relief valve 2. After mixing, a sample is taken from the mixture, cooled to 20 ° C and its pH is measured, while if the measured pH of the mixture is not within 6.5 ± 0 , 2, the pH is adjusted by adding ferric chloride or 24 wt. ammonia water. The mixing process is then stopped and the mixing parts 5 of the device are connected via a first valve 10 and subsequently an external hose system 9 to the producer's external pipeline 7 and slowly discharge the treated waste mixture 8 from the chambers to the fermenter 14, the discharge lasting 3 hours. pressure process. This is followed by the gasification phase of the mixture, the residence time of the mixture in the fermenter 14 of the recipient being 20-30 days. Subsequently, the mixture is transferred to an external dofermentor 13 or to the final external storage of the biogas plant 14, where there is still a residence time of 60-90 days. This time is followed by the pumping of water, and then a sample of the residual mass is taken for analysis and evaluation of the parameters of the sample as a secondary source of nutrients.

For example, LIGNO KAL is used as the waste treatment enzyme. The activity of the anaerobic environment of the LIGNO KAL enzyme is such that it processes 1.38% of organic matter per day with constant stirring. The waste 8 contained in the chambers 1a, 1b is in this case mixed with a mixture of constant stirring of the mixture, and the gases formed during mixing are balanced by a relief valve 2 in all pressure chambers 1a, 1b, 1c so that the amount of gases formed is kept within 250 m. ³ to 550 m ³ / m ^{3 of} mixture.

Industrial applicability

The plant for the treatment of organic waste and the method of processing non-reusable organic waste according to this technical solution will be used in agricultural, food, pharmaceutical and water companies for ecological treatment of waste and its conversion into a renewable energy source or a secondary source of nutrients for agricultural production.

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List of reference numerals first chamber (1a) second chamber (1b) third chamber (1c) pressure line with relief valve (2) heating line coils (3) hose line (4) mixing parts (5) of the compressor equipment (6) line route ( 7) waste producer (8) external hose system (9) first valve (10) second valve (11) external biogas plant (12) dofermentor (13) fermenter (14)

Claims (5)

CLAIMS FOR PROTECTION Device for the treatment of organic waste, characterized in that inside it are located three separate stainless steel chambers, a first chamber (1a), a second chamber (1b) and a third chamber (1c), each of the chambers having its own pressure line with a discharge valve (2) and heating coils (3) for heating the chambers, and the chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) are connected to the fermenter (14), being interconnected by a hose line (4), and this is further connected with the mixing parts (5) of the device, which are driven by a compressor (6) and are connected via a first valve (10) and subsequently placed an external hose system (9) to the external pipeline (7) of the producer for discharging the treated waste nut (8). ), the plant having an outlet via a second valve (11) connected to an external fermenter (14), a dofermentor (13) or to an external biogas plant (12). Organic waste treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mobile and has a mixing capacity of 30 m ^{3 of} waste per day. Method for treating organic waste in a plant as defined in claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixing parts (5) of the plant are connected to an external pipeline (7) of the producer, from where the waste (8) is fed through a hose system (9) and a first valve (10), the waste (8) being successively sucked into the two chambers, the first chamber (1a) and the second chamber (1b), and the heating process of the chambers (1a), (1b) is started in parallel with the suction process. , which lasts a total of 3 to 5 hours until both chambers (1a), (1b) are completely filled and reach their operating temperature at 65 ° C, then the third chamber (1c) is opened and the process of circulating the mixture in the chambers begins, wherein the third chamber (1c) contains an enzyme which is mixed into the waste (8) contained in the full chambers (1a), (1b), then the waste (8) is further mixed and circulated in all three chambers, the mixing lasting 2 to 10 hours with constant heating of the chambers in which the operating conditions are maintained, suitable for ensuring the activity of the enzyme, while stirring The gases formed are equilibrated in all pressure chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) by their relief valve (2), and after mixing a sample is taken from the mixture, which is cooled to 20 ° C and its pH is measured, if the measured pH of the mixture is not in the range 6.5 ± 0.2, then the pH of the mixture is adjusted by adding ferric chloride or 24% by weight. ammonia water, the mixing process is then stopped and the mixing parts (5) of the device are connected via a first valve (10) and subsequently located hose system (9) to the external pipeline (7) of the producer for discharging enzymatically treated waste (8), then by slow discharge, the mixture of treated waste (8) from chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) enters the fermenter (14), the discharge lasting 3 hours with a controlled pressure process, followed by the gasification phase of the mixture, the residence time of the mixture in the fermenter ( 14) is 20 to 30 days, then the mixture is transferred to an external dofermentor (13) or to an external biogas plant (12), where there is still a residence time of 60 to 90 days, after which time water is pumped out of the mixture, and then taken a sample of residual mass for analysis and evaluation of the parameters of the sample as a secondary source of nutrients. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 3, characterized in that the waste (8) entering the plant from the producer's pipeline (7) is treated by means of a nut. Process for the treatment of organic waste according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the waste (8) contained in the chambers (1a), (1b) is mixed with the enzyme while stirring the mixture, and the gases formed during mixing are compensated by valve (2) in all pressure chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) so that the amount of gases is kept in the range of 250 m ³ to 550 m -1 of mixture.