SK82021A3 - Equipment for processing organic waste and waste treatment method - Google Patents

Equipment for processing organic waste and waste treatment method Download PDF

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SK82021A3
SK82021A3 SK8-2021A SK82021A SK82021A3 SK 82021 A3 SK82021 A3 SK 82021A3 SK 82021 A SK82021 A SK 82021A SK 82021 A3 SK82021 A3 SK 82021A3
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waste
chambers
mixture
external
chamber
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SK8-2021A
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SK288998B6 (en
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Eva Jančová
Slávka Jančová
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Conformity S R O
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The organic waste treatment plant has inside it three separate stainless steel chambers, a first chamber (1a), a second chamber (1b) and a third chamber (1c), each of the chambers having its own pressure line with a relief valve (2) and the heating coils (3) for heating the chambers, and the chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) are connected to the fermenter (14), being interconnected by a hose line (4), and this is further connected to the mixing parts (5) devices, which are driven by a compressor (6) and are connected via a first valve (10) and a subsequently placed external hose system (9) to the external pipeline (7) of the producer for discharging enzymatically treated waste (8), the device having an outlet via a second valve (11) connected to an external fermenter (14), a after-fermentor (13) or to an external biogas plant (12). The device is used for the treatment of organic waste by connecting the mixing parts (5) of the device to the external pipeline (7) of the producer, from where the waste (8) is let in via an external hose system (9) and a first valve (10).

Description

Vynález sa týka zariadenia na spracovanie organických odpadov a spôsobu spracovania nespotrebovateľných organických odpadov na ekologický obnoviteľný zdroj energie alebo na sekundárny zdroj živín pre poľnohospodársku výrobu.The invention relates to a plant for the treatment of organic waste and to a method for treating non-consumable organic waste into an ecologically renewable energy source or a secondary source of nutrients for agricultural production.

Doterajší stav technikyPrior art

Na Slovensku sa pri činnosti poľnohospodárskych, potravinárskych, ľarmaceutických, ako aj vodárenských spoločností vytvárajú odpady charakterizované v zmysle zákona o odpadoch 79/2015 Z. z ako (O) „ostatné“.In Slovakia, the activities of agricultural, food, pharmaceutical and water companies generate waste characterized in accordance with the Waste Act 79/2015 Coll. As (O) "other".

Ide o nasledujúce druhy odpadov:These are the following types of waste:

- Odpady z poľnohospodárstva, záhradníctva, lesníctva, poľovníctva a rybárstva, akvakultúry a z výroby a spracovania potravín- Wastes from agriculture, horticulture, forestry, hunting and fishing, aquaculture and food production and processing

- Odpady zo spracovania dreva a z výroby papiera, lepenky, celulózy, reziva a nábytku- Wastes from wood processing and from the production of paper, cardboard, pulp, lumber and furniture

- Odpady zo zdravotnej alebo veterinárnej starostlivosti alebo s nimi súvisiaceho výskumu okrem kuchynských a reštauračných odpadov, ktoré nevznikli z priamej zdravotnej starostlivosti- Wastes from health or veterinary care or related research, excluding kitchen and restaurant wastes not arising from direct health care

- Odpady zo zariadení na úpravu odpadu, z čistiarní odpadových vôd mimo miesta ich vzniku a úpravní pitnej vody a priemyselnej vody- Wastes from off-site treatment plants, off-site waste water treatment plants and drinking water and industrial water treatment plants

- Komunálne odpady (odpady z domácností a podobné odpady z obchodu, priemyslu a inštitúcií) vrátane ich zložiek z triedeného zbem 15- Municipal wastes (household wastes and similar wastes from trade, industry and institutions) including their components from the sorted 15

Základnou časťou týchto odpadov sú organické zložky tvoriacou 30 - 90 % podiel ich zloženia. Z praxe sú známe rôzne riešenia spracovania organických odpadov.The basic part of these wastes are organic components making up 30-90% of their composition. Various solutions for the treatment of organic waste are known from practice.

Pevný odpad sa odstraňuje bežne štyrmi spôsobmi:Solid waste is usually disposed of in four ways:

1. Riadené skládkovanie:1. Managed landfill:

- hoci ide o najmenej vhodný spôsob likvidácie odpadu, likviduje sa ním asi 70 - 90 % svetového odpadu.- although it is the least suitable way of disposing of waste, it disposes of about 70-90% of the world's waste.

2. Spaľovanie:2. Combustion:

- najmodernejší spôsob likvidácie.- the most modern method of disposal.

3. Kompostovanie:3. Composting:

- môže nahradiť priemyselné hnojivá.- can replace industrial fertilizers.

4. Spracovanie odpadov:4. Waste treatment:

- umožňuje využiť odpad ako druhotnú surovinu (recyklácia), podmienkou znovuvyužitia odpadu je jeho triedenie.- allows to use waste as a secondary raw material (recycling), the condition for reuse of waste is its sorting.

Mnohé spôsoby a technológie spracovania odpadu boli prezentované na konferencii Priemyselné emisie 2018, ktorá sa konala v Bratislave v októbri 2018. Na konferencii vystúpil napríklad prof. Ing. Igor Bodík, PhD., Oddelenie environmentálneho inžinierstva FCHPT STU, s prezentáciou na tému „Odstraňovanie prioritných látok a mikropolutantov z odpadových vôd degradačnými procesmi“ alebo prof. Ing. Ján Derco, DrSc., Oddelenie environmentálneho inžinierstva FCHPT STU, s témou „Stratégie anaeróbneho spracovania biologicky rozložiteľných odpadov s vysokým obsahom dusíka a síry“.Many methods and technologies of waste treatment were presented at the conference Industrial Emissions 2018, which took place in Bratislava in October 2018. At the conference, for example, prof. Ing. Igor Bodík, PhD., Department of Environmental Engineering FCFT STU, with a presentation on the topic "Removal of priority substances and micropollutants from wastewater by degradation processes" or prof. Ing. Ján Derco, DrSc., Department of Environmental Engineering FCFT STU, with the topic "Strategies for anaerobic treatment of biodegradable waste with a high content of nitrogen and sulfur".

Najčastejším spôsobom spracovania organických odpadov je ich skladovanie a kompostovanie, založené na postupnom rozklade odpadu. V dôsledku vysokého podielu organických látok sú takéto odpady produktom s veľmi nepríjemným sprievodným zápachom, obzvlášť pri procese skládkovania, prípadne kompostovania, kedy sa organická časť odpadu dlhodobo odbúrava procesom prirodzeného organického rozpadu (vyhnívania), s následnou tvorbou odpadových plynov. Tieto plyny unikajú zvyčajne voľne do ovzdušia, čo má obťažujúci dopad na okolie, najmä na obývané rezidentné zóny.The most common way of processing organic waste is its storage and composting, based on the gradual decomposition of waste. Due to the high proportion of organic substances, such wastes are a product with a very unpleasant accompanying odor, especially in the process of landfilling or composting, where the organic part of the waste is long-term degraded by natural organic decomposition (digestion), with subsequent waste gases. These gases usually escape freely into the air, which has an annoying impact on the environment, especially on populated residential areas.

Okrem zápachu spôsobujú takéto plyny aj zvyšovanie obsahu škodlivých skleníkových plynov v ovzduší. Značná časť organických odpadov obsahuje zároveň ďalšie škodlivé látky, tzv. „mikropolutanty“, ktoré sa dostávajú do organického odpadu vylúčením z tráviaceho traktu zvierat, človeka (napríklad steroidné a antibiotické liečivá), ale aj z poľnohospodárskej výroby (napríklad herbicídne látky, pesticídne postreky). Tieto látky sú pre životné prostredie škodlivé a vysoko problematické, nakoľko sú neodbúrateľné bežnými postupmi, a tak sa stávajú súčasťou kolobehu vody.In addition to odor, such gases also increase the content of harmful greenhouse gases in the air. A significant part of organic waste also contains other harmful substances, the so-called "Micropollutants" which enter organic waste by excretion from the digestive tract of animals, humans (eg steroid and antibiotic drugs), but also from agricultural production (eg herbicides, pesticide sprays). These substances are harmful to the environment and highly problematic, as they are non-degradable by conventional methods and thus become part of the water cycle.

Podstata vynálezuThe essence of the invention

Cieľom predkladaného vynálezu je zabezpečiť také spracovanie organických odpadov, ktoré odstráni zápach pri skladovaní a spracovaní odpadu a zároveň bude ekologické.It is an object of the present invention to provide such treatment of organic waste which removes odors during storage and treatment of waste and at the same time is environmentally friendly.

SK 8-2021 A3SK 8-2021 A3

Základom spracovania organických odpadov podľa tohto riešenia je maximálna možná biodegradácia odpadu na plyn v krátkom časovom intervale a v priestorovo riadenom procese spracovania. Na spracovanie odpadu sú použité enzýmy.The basis of the processing of organic waste according to this solution is the maximum possible biodegradation of waste into gas in a short time interval and in a spatially controlled processing process. Enzymes are used to process waste.

Zariadenie na spracovanie organických odpadov má vo svojom vnútri umiestnené tri samostatné komory z nehrdzavejúcej ocele, pričom každá z komôr má vlastný tlakovací prepúšťací ventil a vnútorné výhrevné potrubné hady určené na ohrev komôr.The organic waste treatment plant has three separate stainless steel chambers located inside it, each of the chambers having its own pressure relief valve and internal heating pipe coils for heating the chambers.

Komory sú vzájomne prepojené potrubím, a to je ďalej spojené s miešacími časťami zariadenia poháňanými kompresorom. Miešacie časti zariadenia sú pripojené cez ventil a následne umiestnený hadicovv systém k vonkajšej potrubnej trase na vypúšťame enzymaticky upraveného odpadu, pričom zariadenie je na výstupe napojené na externý fermentor, dofermentor alebo na externé bioplynové zariadenie.The chambers are interconnected by piping, and this is further connected to the mixing parts of the device driven by the compressor. The mixing parts of the device are connected via a valve and subsequently the hose system placed to the external pipeline on the discharge of enzymatically treated waste, while the device is connected at the outlet to an external fermenter, dofermentor or to an external biogas plant.

V prvom kroku spracovania odpadu sa urobí predpríprava: najprv sa odoberú vzorky odpadu z celého procesu tvorby odpadu v prevádzke producenta odpadu, a na ich základe sú vyhodnotené základné parametre odpadu: PH, obsah sušiny, obsah dusíkatých látok ako celkový N, obsah fosforu ako celkový P, obsah rizikových látok v zmysle zákona o odpadoch a hodnoty mikropolutantov.In the first step of waste treatment, pre-preparation is performed: first waste samples are taken from the whole waste generation process in the waste producer's plant, and based on them the basic waste parameters are evaluated: PH, dry matter content, nitrogen content as total N, phosphorus content as total P, content of hazardous substances in the sense of the Waste Act and values of micropollutants.

V druhom kroku je vykonaný test odpadu a jeho následná biodegradácia v laboratórnych podmienkach, kde sa stanoví presná účinná dávka enzýmov a presné zloženie a pomer enzýmov pre dané vzorky odpadu.In the second step, a test of the waste and its subsequent biodegradation is performed under laboratory conditions, where the exact effective dose of enzymes and the exact composition and ratio of enzymes for the given samples of waste are determined.

V treťom kroku je nastavená dávka enzýmov doručená producentovi odpadu. V každom procese tvorby odpadu producenta odpadu je určený pomer a dávkovanie zmesi enzýmov. Takto stanovenú dávku enzýmov potom producent denne pridáva do procesov, v ktorých vzniká odpad.In the third step, a set dose of enzymes is delivered to the waste producer. In each waste producer's waste generation process, the ratio and dosage of the enzyme mixture is determined. The dose of enzymes thus determined is then added daily by the producer to the processes in which the waste is generated.

Po čase zdržania odpadu vo výrobe producenta v intervale od 24 hodín do 30 dní nasleduje vypustenie enzymaticky upraveného odpadu do pristaveného stacionárneho alebo mobilného miešacieho zariadenia.After the retention time of the waste in the producer's production in the interval from 24 hours to 30 days, the enzymatically treated waste is discharged into the built-in stationary or mobile mixing device.

Spracovanie enzymaticky upraveného odpadu sa vykonáva okamžite, aby sa predišlo neriadenému procesu tvorby plynu. Zariadenie sa pripojí k potrubnej trase producenta na vypúšťame enzymaticky upraveného odpadu cez hadicový systém a cez následne umiestnený ventil na komorovom systéme sa postupným nasávaním odpad nasáva do prvých dvoch komôr. Súbežne s procesom nasávania sa spustí proces ohrevu komôr, tento proces trvá do napustenia oboch komôr a do dosiahnutia prevádzkovej teploty 65 °C. Nasleduje otvorenie komory číslo tri a spustenie procesu cirkulácie. Komora číslo tri obsahuje enzým pripravený na domiešanie do dvoch plných komôr. Následným miešaním a obehom všetkých troch komôr je zmes pripravená na transfer do bioplynového zariadenia. Miešame zmesi trvá 10 hodín, za stáleho ohrevu komôr a udržiavania maximálnych prevádzkových podmienok na zabezpečenie aktivity enzýmu.The treatment of the enzymatically treated waste is carried out immediately in order to avoid an uncontrolled gas formation process. The device is connected to the producer's pipeline to discharge the enzymatically treated waste through a hose system, and through a subsequently located valve on the chamber system, the waste is sucked into the first two chambers by gradual suction. Simultaneously with the suction process, the process of heating the chambers is started, this process lasts until the filling of both chambers and until the operating temperature of 65 ° C is reached. This is followed by the opening of chamber number three and the start of the circulation process. Chamber number three contains the enzyme ready to be mixed into two full chambers. After mixing and circulating all three chambers, the mixture is ready for transfer to a biogas plant. Stir the mixture for 10 hours, constantly heating the chambers and maintaining maximum operating conditions to ensure enzyme activity.

V procese miešania sa vytvárajú plyny, ktoré sa vyrovnávajú vo všetkých tlakových komorách prepúšťacím ventilom. Pri procese miešania sa vytvára mierna pena v celkovej výške nad hladinou cca do 10 cm. V následnom kroku sa uskutoční merame hodnoty pH pripravenej zmesi. Zo zmesi sa odoberie vzorka, táto sa ochladí na 20 °C a odmeria sa jej pH. Požadované pH má byť v rozmedzí 6,5 ± 0,2. V prípade odchýlky sa pH upraví chloridom železitým alebo 24 % hmotn. čpavkovou vodou. Proces miešania sa potom zastaví, miešacie časti zariadenia sa spoja cez ventil a hadicu s potrubnou trasou producenta a nasleduje pomalý výtlak z komôr do fermentora. Výtlak trvá niekoľko hodín pri regulovaní tlaku tak, aby pena nepresiahla prípustnú hladinovú hodnotu do 10 cm. Potom nasleduje fáza splynenia zmesi. Čas zdržania zmesi vo fermentore príjemcu je 20 - 30 dní za stáleho miešania.During the mixing process, gases are generated which are equalized in all pressure chambers by a relief valve. During the mixing process, a slight foam is formed in the total height above the level of up to about 10 cm. In the next step, the pH values of the prepared mixture are measured. A sample was taken from the mixture, cooled to 20 ° C and the pH was measured. The required pH should be in the range of 6.5 ± 0.2. In case of deviation, the pH is adjusted with ferric chloride or 24% by weight. ammonia water. The mixing process is then stopped, the mixing parts of the device are connected via a valve and a hose to the pipeline of the producer, followed by a slow discharge from the chambers to the fermenter. The discharge takes several hours to regulate the pressure so that the foam does not exceed the permissible level value up to 10 cm. This is followed by the gasification phase of the mixture. The residence time of the mixture in the recipient's fermenter is 20-30 days with constant stirring.

V následnom kroku sa zmes presúva do dofermentora príjemcu alebo do koncového skladu externého bioplynového zariadenia. Nasleduje čas zdržania 60 - 90 dní. Potom je potrebné zabezpečiť odčerpanie vody. V poslednom kroku sa odoberie vzorka zvyškovej hmoty na analýzu a vyhodnotenie jej parametrov v zmysle zákonu o hnojivách - ako sekundárneho zdroja živín.In the next step, the mixture is transferred to the recipient's dofermentor or to the final storage of the external biogas plant. This is followed by a residence time of 60-90 days. Then it is necessary to ensure the drainage of water. In the last step, a sample of the residual mass is taken for analysis and evaluation of its parameters in accordance with the Act on Fertilizers - as a secondary source of nutrients.

Pri tomto technickom riešení sa spracovaním odpadu vytvorí ekologický obnoviteľný zdroj živín s primárnou energetickou spotrebou a následnou sekundárnou spotrebou živín v poľnohospodárstve.In this technical solution, the processing of waste will create an ecologically renewable source of nutrients with primary energy consumption and subsequent secondary consumption of nutrients in agriculture.

Prehľad obrázkov na výkresochOverview of figures in the drawings

Na obr. 1 je zobrazené zariadenie na spracovanie organických odpadov pri pohľade zboku, v priereze.In FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of an organic waste treatment plant.

Na obr. 2 je zobrazené zariadenie na spracovanie organických odpadov pri pohľade zhora, v priereze, bez externých častí zariadenia.In FIG. 2 shows a top view, in cross section, of an organic waste treatment plant, without external parts of the plant.

Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuExamples of embodiments of the invention

Príklad 1Example 1

Zariadenie na spracovanie organických odpadov má vnútri umiestnené tri samostatné komory z nehrdzavejúcej ocele: prvú komoru la, druhú enzymatickú komoru 1b a tretiu komoru 1c, pričom každá z komôr má vlastné tlakovacie potrubie s prepúšťacím ventilom 2 a výhrevné potrubné hady 3 určené na ohrev komôr.The organic waste treatment plant has three separate stainless steel chambers located inside: a first chamber 1a, a second enzymatic chamber 1b and a third chamber 1c, each of the chambers having its own pressure line with a discharge valve 2 and heating coils 3 for heating the chambers.

SK 8-2021 A3SK 8-2021 A3

Komory la, 1b, 1c sú spojené s fermentorom 14, pričom sú vzájomne prepojené hadicovým potrubím 4, a to je ďalej spojené s miešacími časťami 5 zariadenia, ktoré sú poháňané kompresorom 6. Miešacie časti 5 zariadenia sú pripojené cez ventil 10 a následne umiestnený externý hadicový systém 9 k vonkajšej potmbnej trase 7 producenta na vypúšťame enzymaticky upraveného odpadu 8, pričom zariadenie je na výstupe cez druhý ventil 11 napojené na externý fermentor 14, dofermentor 13 alebo na externé bioplynové zariadenie 12.The chambers 1a, 1b, 1c are connected to the fermenter 14, being interconnected by a hose line 4, and this is further connected to the mixing parts 5 of the device, which are driven by a compressor 6. The mixing parts 5 of the device are connected via a valve 10 and subsequently an external a hose system 9 to the external sealing route 7 of the producer for discharging the enzymatically treated waste 8, the device being connected at the outlet via a second valve 11 to an external fermenter 14, a dofermentor 13 or to an external biogas plant 12.

Zariadenie na spracovanie organických odpadov môže byť mobilné.Organic waste treatment facilities can be mobile.

Pred začiatkom spracovateľského procesu sa odoberú vzorky odpadu z celého procesu tvorby odpadu v prevádzke producenta odpadu, vyhodnotia sa základné parametre odpadu: PH, obsah sušiny, obsah dusíkatých látok ako celkový N, obsah fosforu ako celkový P, obsah rizikových látok, ako je napríklad arzén, vápnik, kadmium, chróm, meď, ortuť, draslík, K2O, horčík, nikel, olovo, selén, zinok, hodnoty mikropolutantov. Nasleduje test odpadu a jeho biodegradácia v laboratórnych podmienkach diskontinuálnou mezofilnou anaeróbnou digesciou bez miešania (test BMP - Biochemical Methane Potential) pomocou bankových bioreaktorov.Before the start of the processing process, waste samples are taken from the entire waste generation process at the waste producer's plant, the basic waste parameters are evaluated: PH, dry matter content, nitrogen content as total N, phosphorus content as total P, hazardous substances content such as arsenic , calcium, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, potassium, K2O, magnesium, nickel, lead, selenium, zinc, micropollutant values. This is followed by a test of the waste and its biodegradation under laboratory conditions by discontinuous mesophilic anaerobic digestion without agitation (BMP - Biochemical Methane Potential test) using bank bioreactors.

Postup vychádza z normy ČSN EN ISO 11734, respektíve z metodického návodu RNDr. Bubeníkovej. Reaktory sú umiestnené vo vodnom prostredí pri teplote 40 °C ± 0,5 °C. Na stanovenie endogénnej produkcie bioplynu a metánu sú použité 2 bioreaktory. Počas 40 dní je zapisovaná teplota (teplota bioplynu), barometrický tlak a prírastok objemu bioplynu.The procedure is based on the ČSN EN ISO 11734 standard, or on the methodological instructions of RNDr. Drummer. The reactors are located in an aqueous medium at a temperature of 40 ° C ± 0.5 ° C. Two bioreactors are used to determine endogenous biogas and methane production. During 40 days, the temperature (biogas temperature), barometric pressure and biogas volume increase are recorded.

Pri dostatočnom množstve bioplynu v byrete (nad 150 ml) je spravené merame obsahu metánu prenosným analyzátorom bioplynu Geotechnical Instruments (UK) Ltd. 25 „Biogas5000“ s duálnymi infračervenými senzormi CH4 (0 - 70 % ± 0,5 %) a CO2 (0 - 60 % ± 0,5 %) a elektrochemickými senzormi 02 (0 - 25 % ± 1,0 %), H2 (0 - 2000 ppm ± 2,0 % FS) a H2S (0 - 5000 ppm ± 2,0 % FS) analyzátorom Geotech Biogas5000 (CH4 0 - 70 % ± 0,5 %). pH bolo merané prístrojom WTW 340i so sondou SenTix 41, na sušenie bol použitý analyzátor vlhkosti KERN DLB 160 3A s halogénovou lampou a žíhanie bolo vykonané termogravimetrickým analyzátorom LEČO TGA 701. Pri teste sa stanoví dávka enzýmu pomerom k tvorbe plynu a obsahu sušiny.With a sufficient amount of biogas in the burette (above 150 ml), the methane content is measured with a portable biogas analyzer Geotechnical Instruments (UK) Ltd. 25 "Biogas5000" with dual infrared sensors CH4 (0 - 70% ± 0.5%) and CO2 (0 - 60% ± 0.5%) and electrochemical sensors 02 (0 - 25% ± 1.0%), H2 (0 - 2000 ppm ± 2.0% FS) and H2S (0 - 5000 ppm ± 2.0% FS) with a Geotech Biogas5000 analyzer (CH4 0 - 70% ± 0.5%). The pH was measured with a WTW 340i instrument with a SenTix 41 probe, a KERN DLB 160 3A moisture analyzer with a halogen lamp was used for drying, and annealing was performed with a LEČO TGA 701 thermogravimetric analyzer.

x lakáza x laccase iiiBl iiiBl lllli lllli 70% 70% 40% 40% 15 % 15% 20% 20% 20% 20% x celuláza x cellulase lllil lllil 60 % 60% 70 % 70% x amyláza x amylase iiiiiii iiiiiii 10% 10% 5 % 5% 20 % 20% 30% 30% 30% 30% x lipáza x lipase llliBi llliBi lllil lllil iilll iilll 30% 30% 20% 20% 5 % 5% 20% 20% 20% 20% x pektináza x pectinase iiiSl iiiSl iliii iliii 30% 30% 15 % 15% 10 % 10% 25 % 25% 25 % 25% Mediátor (g/liter enzýmu) Mediator (g / liter of enzyme) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Odporúčané dávkovanie (litre/suchá tona) Recommended dosage (liters / dry ton) (1 -5) (1 -5) lllli lllli lllli lllli iiiiii iiiil iiiiii iiiil 3 (1-5) 3 (1-5) 5 (2-7) 5 (2-7) 10 (5 - 15) 10 (5 - 15) 10 (5 - 15) 10 (5 - 15) 3 (1-5) 3 (1-5) 3 (1-5) 3 (1-5)

Tabuľka 1 Zloženie zmesi enzýmov, príkladTable 1 Composition of the enzyme mixture, example

V treťom kroku sa prenesie nastavená dávka zmesi k producentovi odpadu. Takto stanovená dávka enzýmov sa denne pridáva do procesov so vznikom odpadu, pričom v každom procese tvorby odpadu je určený pomer a dávkovanie zmesi enzýmov. Po čase zdržania odpadu vo výrobe producenta od 24 hodín do 30 dní nasleduje vypustenie enzymaticky upraveného odpadu do pristaveného zariadenia na spracovanie organických odpadov.In the third step, the set dose of the mixture is transferred to the waste producer. The dose of enzymes thus determined is added daily to the waste generation processes, with the ratio and dosage of the enzyme mixture being determined in each waste generation process. After the retention time of the waste in the producer's production from 24 hours to 30 days, the enzymatically treated waste is discharged into the attached organic waste treatment plant.

Zariadenie môže byť mobilné. Mobilné miešacie zariadenie má kapacitu miešania 30 m3 odpadu denne rozdelenú do troch samostatných komôr z nehrdzavejúcej ocele. Postupným nasávaním sa odpad nasáva do prvých dvoch komôr s celkovou kapacitou nasávania 5 m3/hod.The device can be mobile. The mobile mixing device has a mixing capacity of 30 m 3 of waste per day divided into three separate stainless steel chambers. By gradual suction, the waste is sucked into the first two chambers with a total suction capacity of 5 m 3 / hour.

Spracovanie organických odpadov sa uskutoční tak, že miešacie zariadenie 5 sa pripojí k vonkajšej potrubnej trase 7 producenta, odkiaľ sa vpustí do zariadenia upravený odpad 8 cez externý hadicový systém 9 a prvý ventil 10, pričom odpad 8 sa postupným nasávaním nasáva do prvých dvoch komôr - do prvej komory la a druhej enzymatickej komory 1b, a súbežne s procesom nasávania sa začne proces ohrevu komôr la, 1b, 5 pričom tento proces trvá celkovo 3-5 hodín až do úplného napustenia oboch komôr a do dosiahnutia ich prevádzkovej teploty 65 °C. Potom sa otvorí tretia komora 1c a začne sa proces cirkulácie zmesi vo všetkých komorách, pričom tretia komora 1c obsahuje enzým na domiešame do dvoch plných komôr la, 1b. Odpad 8The treatment of organic waste is carried out by connecting the mixing device 5 to the external pipeline 7 of the producer, from where the treated waste 8 is introduced into the device via an external hose system 9 and a first valve 10, the waste 8 being sucked into the first two chambers by successive suction. into the first chamber 1a and the second enzyme chamber 1b, and in parallel with the suction process, the heating process of the chambers 1a, 1b, 5 is started, this process lasting a total of 3-5 hours until both chambers are completely filled and reach their operating temperature of 65 ° C. Then the third chamber 1c is opened and the process of circulating the mixture in all chambers begins, the third chamber 1c containing the enzyme to be mixed into two full chambers 1a, 1b. Waste 8

SK 8-2021 A3 sa ďalej spracúva miešaním, pričom obieha vo všetkých troch komorách, miešame trvá 10 hodín za stáleho ohrevu komôr, v ktorých sa udržujú prevádzkové podmienky na udržanie aktivity enzýmu.SK 8-2021 A3 is further processed by stirring, circulating in all three chambers, stirring lasts 10 hours with constant heating of the chambers in which the operating conditions are maintained to maintain the activity of the enzyme.

Pri miešam vznikajúce plyny sa vyrovnávajú vo všetkých tlakových komorách ich prepúšťacím ventilom 2. Po zmiešam sa zo zmesi odoberie vzorka, ochladí sa na 20 °C a odmeria sa jej pH, pričom ak namerané pH zmesi nie je v rozmedzí 6,5 ± 0,2, tak sa pH upraví pridaním chloridu železitého alebo 24 % hmotn. čpavkovej vody. Proces miešania sa potom zastaví a miešacie časti 5 zariadenia sa napoja cez prvý ventil 10 a následne umiestnený externý hadicový systém 9 k vonkajšej potrubnej trase 7 producenta a pomalým výtlakom sa dostane zmes upraveného odpadu 8 z komôr do fermentora 14, pričom výtlak trvá 3 hodiny s regulovaným procesom tlaku. Potom nasleduje fáza splynenia zmesi, pričom čas zdržania zmesi vo fermentore 14 príjemcu je 20 - 30 dní.The gases formed during stirring are equalized in all pressure chambers by their relief valve 2. After mixing, a sample is taken from the mixture, cooled to 20 ° C and its pH is measured, provided that the measured pH of the mixture is not within 6,5 ± 0, 2, the pH is adjusted by adding ferric chloride or 24 wt. ammonia water. The mixing process is then stopped and the mixing parts 5 of the device are connected via a first valve 10 and subsequently an external hose system 9 to the external pipeline 7 of the producer and slowly discharges the mixture of treated waste 8 from the chambers to the fermenter 14. regulated pressure process. This is followed by the gasification phase of the mixture, the residence time of the mixture in the fermenter 14 of the recipient being 20-30 days.

Následne sa zmes presúva do externého dofermentora 13 alebo do koncového externého skladu bioplynového zariadenia 14, kde je ešte čas zdržania 60 - 90 dní. Po tomto čase nasleduje odčerpávame vody a následne sa odoberie vzorka zvyškovej hmoty na analýzu a vyhodnotenie parametrov vzorky ako sekundárneho zdroja živín.Subsequently, the mixture is transferred to an external dofermentor 13 or to the final external storage of the biogas plant 14, where there is still a residence time of 60-90 days. This time is followed by pumping out the water and then a sample of the residual mass is taken for analysis and evaluation of the parameters of the sample as a secondary source of nutrients.

Ako enzým na spracovanie odpadu sa použije napríklad LIGNO KAL. Aktivita anaeróbneho prostredia enzýmu LIGNO KAL je taká, že za stáleho miešania spracuje 1,38 % organickej hmoty denne. Odpad 8 obsiahnutý v komorách la, 1b sa v tomto prípade zmieša s enzýmom za stáleho miešania zmesi a pri miešam sa vznikajúce plyny vyrovnávajú prepúšťacím ventilom 2 vo všetkých tlakových komorách la, 1b, 1c tak, že množstvo vznikajúcich plynov sa udržuje v rozmedzí 250 m3 až 550 m3/m3 zmesi.LIGNO KAL, for example, is used as the waste treatment enzyme. The activity of the anaerobic environment of the LIGNO KAL enzyme is such that it processes 1.38% of organic matter per day with constant stirring. The waste 8 contained in the chambers 1a, 1b is in this case mixed with the enzyme while stirring the mixture and the gases formed during mixing are equalized by the relief valve 2 in all pressure chambers 1a, 1b, 1c so that the amount of gases formed is kept within 250 m. 3 to 550 m 3 / m 3 of mixture.

Priemyselná využiteľnosťIndustrial applicability

Zariadenie na spracovanie organických odpadov a spôsob spracovania nespotrebovateľných organických odpadov podľa tohto vynálezu sa využije v oblasti poľnohospodárskych, potravinárskych, farmaceutických, ako aj vodárenských spoločností na ekologické spracovanie odpadu a jeho premenu na obnoviteľný zdroj energie alebo na sekundárny zdroj živín pre poľnohospodársku výrobu.The organic waste treatment plant and method for treating non-consumable organic waste according to the invention is used in the field of agricultural, food, pharmaceutical and water companies for ecological treatment of waste and its conversion into a renewable energy source or a secondary source of nutrients for agricultural production.

SK 8-2021 A3SK 8-2021 A3

Zoznam vzťahových značiek prvá komora (la) druhá komora (1b) treti a komora (1 c) tlakovacie potrubie s prepúšťacím ventilom (2) výhrevné potrubné hady (3) hadicové potmbie (4) miešacie časti (5) zariadenia kompresor (6) potrubná trasa (7) producenta odpad (8) externý hadicový systém (9) prvý ventil (10) druhý ventil (11) externé bioplynové zriadenie (12) dofermentor (13) fermentor (14)List of reference marks first chamber (1a) second chamber (1b) third and chamber (1 c) pressure line with relief valve (2) heating pipe coils (3) hose seals (4) mixing parts (5) compressor equipment (6) pipe route (7) waste producer (8) external hose system (9) first valve (10) second valve (11) external biogas plant (12) dofermentor (13) fermentor (14)

Claims (5)

1. Zariadenie na spracovanie organických odpadov, vyznačujúce sa tým, že v jeho vnútri sú umiestnené tri samostatné komory z nehrdzavejúcej ocele, prvá komora (la), druhá komora (1b) a tretia komora (1c), pričom každá z komôr má vlastné tlakovacie potrubie s prepúšťacím ventilom (2) a výhrevné hady (3) na ohrev komôr, a komory (la), (1b), (1c) sú spojené s fermentorom (14), pričom sú vzájomne prepojené hadicovým potrubím (4), a to je ďalej spojené s miešacími časťami (5) zariadenia, ktoré sú poháňané kompresorom (6), a sú pripojené cez prvý ventil (10) a následne umiestnený externý hadicový systém (9) k vonkajšej potrubnej trase (7) producenta na vypúšťame enzymaticky upraveného odpadu (8), pričom zariadenie má výstup cez druhý ventil (11) napojený na externý fermentor (14), dofermentor (13) alebo na externé bioplynové zariadenie (12).An apparatus for the treatment of organic waste, characterized in that inside it are arranged three separate stainless steel chambers, a first chamber (1a), a second chamber (1b) and a third chamber (1c), each of the chambers having its own pressure the line with the relief valve (2) and the heating coils (3) for heating the chambers, and the chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) are connected to the fermenter (14), being interconnected by a hose line (4), namely is further connected to the mixing parts (5) of the device, which are driven by a compressor (6) and are connected via a first valve (10) and subsequently an external hose system (9) placed to the external pipeline (7) of the producer to discharge enzymatically treated waste (8), the device having an outlet via a second valve (11) connected to an external fermenter (14), a dofermentor (13) or to an external biogas plant (12). 2. Zariadenie na spracovanie organických odpadov podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúce sa tým, že je mobilné a má kapacitu miešania 30 m3 odpadu denne.Organic waste treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mobile and has a mixing capacity of 30 m 3 of waste per day. 3. Spôsob spracovania organických odpadov v zariadení definovanom v nárokoch 1 alebo 2, vyznačujúci sa tým, že miešacie časti (5) zariadenia sa pripoja k vonkajšej potrubnej trase (7) producenta, odkiaľ sa vpustí odpad (8) cez hadicový systém (9) a prvý ventil (10), pričom odpad (8) sa postupne nasáva do dvoch komôr, do prvej komory (la) a do druhej komory (1b), a súbežne s procesom nasávania sa začne proces ohrevu komôr (la), (1b), ktorý trvá celkovo 3 až 5 hodín až do úplného napustenia oboch komôr (la), (1b) a do dosiahnutia ich prevádzkovej teploty na úrovni 65 °C, potom sa otvorí tretia komora (1c) a začne sa proces cirkulácie zmesi v komorách, pričom tretia komora (1c) obsahuje enzým, ktorý sa domiešava do odpadu (8) obsiahnutého v plných komorách (la), (1b), potom sa odpad (8) ďalej mieša a obieha vo všetkých troch komorách, pričom miešame trvá 2 až 10 hodín za stáleho ohrevu komôr, v ktorých sa udržujú prevádzkové podmienky vhodné na zabezpečenie aktivity enzýmu, pričom pri miešam vznikajúce plyny sa vyrovnávajú vo všetkých tlakových komorách (la), (1b), (1c) ich prepúšťacím ventilom (2), a po zmiešam sa zo zmesi odoberie vzorka, ktorá sa ochladí na 20 °C a odmeria sa jej pH, pričom ak namerané pH zmesi nie je v rozmedzí 6,5 ± 0,2, tak sa pH zmesi upraví pridaním chloridu železitého alebo 24 % hmotn. čpavkovej vody, proces miešania sa potom zastaví a miešacie časti (5) zariadenia sa napoja cez prvý ventil (10) a následne umiestnený hadicový systém (9) k vonkajšej potrubnej trase (7) producenta na vypúšťame enzymaticky upraveného odpadu (8), potom sa pomalým výtlakom dostane zmes upraveného odpadu (8) z komôr (la), (1b), (1c) do fermentora (14), pričom výtlak trvá 3 hodiny s regulovaným procesom tlaku, ďalej nasleduje fáza splynenia zmesi, pričom čas zdržania zmesi vo fermentore (14) je 20 až 30 dní, potom sa zmes presunie do externého dofermentora (13) alebo do externého bioplynového zariadenia (12), kde je ešte čas zdržania 60 až 90 dní, po tomto čase sa odčerpá zo zmesi voda a následne sa odoberie vzorka zvyškovej hmoty na analýzu a vyhodnotenie parametrov vzorky ako sekundárneho zdroja živín.Method for treating organic waste in a plant as defined in claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixing parts (5) of the plant are connected to the external pipeline (7) of the producer, from where the waste (8) is fed through a hose system (9) and a first valve (10), the waste (8) being successively sucked into the two chambers, the first chamber (1a) and the second chamber (1b), and the heating process of the chambers (1a), (1b) is started in parallel with the suction process. , which lasts a total of 3 to 5 hours until both chambers (1a), (1b) are completely filled and reach their operating temperature at 65 ° C, then the third chamber (1c) is opened and the process of circulating the mixture in the chambers begins, wherein the third chamber (1c) contains an enzyme which is mixed into the waste (8) contained in the full chambers (1a), (1b), then the waste (8) is further mixed and circulated in all three chambers, stirring for 2 to 10 hours with constant heating of the chambers in which the operating conditions suitable for ensuring the activity of the enzyme are maintained, The gases formed in each of the pressure chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) are equalized by their relief valve (2), and after mixing, a sample is taken from the mixture, which is cooled to 20 ° C and its pH is measured, if the measured pH of the mixture is not in the range 6.5 ± 0.2, then the pH of the mixture is adjusted by adding ferric chloride or 24% by weight. ammonia water, the mixing process is then stopped and the mixing parts (5) of the device are connected via a first valve (10) and subsequently placed hose system (9) to the external pipeline (7) of the producer to discharge enzymatically treated waste (8), then by slow discharge the mixture of treated waste (8) from the chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) enters the fermenter (14), the discharge lasting 3 hours with a controlled pressure process, followed by the gasification phase of the mixture, the residence time of the mixture in the fermenter (14) is 20 to 30 days, then the mixture is transferred to an external dofermentor (13) or to an external biogas plant (12), where there is still a residence time of 60 to 90 days, after which time water is pumped out of the mixture and then taken a sample of residual mass for analysis and evaluation of the parameters of the sample as a secondary source of nutrients. 4. Spôsob spracovania organických odpadov podľa nároku 3, vyznačujúci sa tým, že odpad (8) vstupujúci do zariadenia z potrubnej trasy (7) producenta je enzymaticky upravený.The method for treating organic waste according to claim 3, characterized in that the waste (8) entering the plant from the producer's pipeline (7) is enzymatically treated. 5. Spôsob spracovania organických odpadov podľa nárokov 3 alebo 4, vyznačujúci sa tým, že odpad (8) obsiahnutý v komorách (la), (1b) sa zmieša s enzýmom za stáleho miešania zmesi a pri miešaní vznikajúce plyny sa vyrovnávajú prepúšťacím ventilom (2) vo všetkých tlakových komorách (la), (1b), (1c) tak, že množstvo plynov sa udržuje v rozmedzí 250 m3 až 550 m3/m3 zmesi.Method for treating organic waste according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the waste (8) contained in the chambers (1a), (1b) is mixed with the enzyme while stirring the mixture and the gases formed during mixing are compensated by a relief valve (2). ) in all pressure chambers (1a), (1b), (1c) so that the amount of gases is kept between 250 m 3 and 550 m 3 / m 3 of mixture.
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