SK127096A3 - Vibration and sound absorber - Google Patents

Vibration and sound absorber Download PDF

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Publication number
SK127096A3
SK127096A3 SK1270-96A SK127096A SK127096A3 SK 127096 A3 SK127096 A3 SK 127096A3 SK 127096 A SK127096 A SK 127096A SK 127096 A3 SK127096 A3 SK 127096A3
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Slovakia
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layer
metal
sheet
vibration
layers
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SK1270-96A
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Slovak (sk)
Inventor
Bohumil Volf
Gunter Valient
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Zdb A S
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Publication of SK127096A3 publication Critical patent/SK127096A3/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
    • B60B17/0006—Construction of wheel bodies, e.g. disc wheels
    • B60B17/0013—Construction of wheel bodies, e.g. disc wheels formed by two or more axially spaced discs
    • B60B17/0017—Construction of wheel bodies, e.g. disc wheels formed by two or more axially spaced discs with insonorisation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/30—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium
    • F16F9/306—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium of the constrained layer type, i.e. comprising one or more constrained viscoelastic layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/10—Trains

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a vibration and sound absorber for reducing the dynamic and sound effects in mechanical assemblies to which it is secured by snap rings and rigid rings, screws or rivets or by adhesion. The absorber is characterized in that it is formed from bonded layers, namely of more than one layer of a viscoplastic compound (4), a layer of expanded sheet metal (2) and at least one further layer of conventional sheet metal (3) or expanded sheet metal (2). The individual metal sheets are separated from one another by a layer of the viscoplastic compound (4) and the outer surfaces of the absorber (1) are formed either by a layer of the viscoplastic compound (4) or a metal sheet (2, 3). The expanded metal sheet (2) in the absorber (1) can be replaced by a metal grid (20).

Description

Tlmič kmitovVibration damper

Oblasť technikyTechnical field

Technické riešenie sa týka konštrukcie a zloženia tlmiča kmitov a hluku pre zníženie dynamických a hlukových účinkov v sústavách strojných častí, ktoré vytvárajú určitú energiu kmitov, konkrétne u kolies koľajových vozidiel.The technical solution relates to the design and composition of the vibration and noise damper for reducing the dynamic and noise effects in assemblies of machine parts that generate a certain vibration energy, in particular for rolling stock wheels.

Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

U pohybujúcich sa zostavách strojných častí, ku ktorým sa radia i kolesá koľajových vozidiel, vznikajú kmity hmotných častí a dochádza k ich prenosu, to je vlnenie. Každá kmitajúca sústava vytvára určitú celkovú energiu kmitov, pričom čím je táto energia vyššia, tým väčšie sú dynamické účinky sústavy, ktoré nasledovne mimo iného spôsobujú i vznik zvukov rôznych frekvencií označovaných ako hluk.In moving assemblies of machine parts, which also include wheels of rolling stock, vibrations of material parts occur and are transmitted, that is to say, waves. Each oscillating system generates a certain total oscillating energy, the higher the energy, the greater the dynamic effects of the system, which in turn cause, among other things, the generation of sounds of different frequencies referred to as noise.

Ku zníženiu celkovej energie kmitov sa používajú tlmiče, čo sú hmotné telesá spojené s hlavným zdrojom kmitov pomocou vzperných krúžkov, skrutiek, nitov alebo lepením.Dampers are used to reduce the total energy of the oscillations, which are the material bodies connected to the main source of oscillations by means of supporting rings, screws, rivets or gluing.

Doteraz používané tlmiče kmitov a hluku pre kolesá koľajových vozidiel sú tvorené holým plechom alebo plechom pokrytým antivibračnou hmotou. Ďalšie druhy tlmičov tvoria medzi plechmi vložené vrstvy gumy alebo sú tvorené z absorpčných segmentov skladajúcich sa z kovových lamiel a plastických hmôt. Pre zvýšenie účinnosti tlmenia sa uskutočňujú v plechu niekedy tvarové rezy.Until now used oscillators and noise dampers for wheels of rolling stock are made of bare sheet or sheet covered with anti-vibration material. Other types of dampers form layers of rubber interposed between the sheets or consist of absorbent segments consisting of metal slats and plastics. To increase the damping efficiency, sometimes shaped cuts are made in the sheet.

Uskutočnenie týchto tlmičov je uvedené napríklad v patentoch EP-A-0 278 248 alebo EP-A-0 510 974, kde sú tlmiče tvorené rôznymi kombináciami holého plechu a viskoelastickej hmoty, prípadne ešte adhezívnymi vrstvami. Známe sú i tlmiče podľa patentu US-A-1 297 154 a ichAn embodiment of these dampers is disclosed, for example, in patents EP-A-0 278 248 or EP-A-0 510 974, in which the dampers consist of various combinations of bare sheet and viscoelastic material, or even adhesive layers. Shock absorbers according to U.S. Pat. No. 1,297,154 and theirs are also known

-2uchytenie podľa patentu US-A-44 367 255, kde je k tlmenej hmotnej časti uchytený skrutkami tlmič, skladajúci sa z ťahokovu a z jednej alebo dvoch vrstiev z elastomeru alebo inej viskoelastickej hmoty.A grip according to U.S. Pat. No. 44,367,255, in which a silencer consisting of expanded metal and one or two layers of elastomer or other viscoelastic mass is attached to the damped mass part by screws.

Nevýhodou týchto tlmičov je, že nezaisťujú tlmenie v celom rozsahu frekvencií kmitov a ich útlm je dlhý a časové pomalý. Výroba týchto tlmičov je prevážne nákladná a tieto náklady vždy nezodpovedajú dosiahnutým výsledkom, to znamená, že dynamické účinky sústavy sa odstránia nedostatočne, čo má vplyv i na kratšiu životnosť súčastí. Pri použití gumy naviac dochádza k jej starnutiu a tým ku strate pružných vlastností.The disadvantage of these dampers is that they do not provide damping over the entire range of oscillation frequencies and their attenuation is long and slow over time. The production of these dampers is predominantly costly, and these costs do not always correspond to the results achieved, that is, the dynamic effects of the system are insufficiently eliminated, which also affects the shorter life of the components. In addition, when the rubber is used, it ages and the elastic properties are lost.

Podstata -vynálezuThe essence of the invention

Uvedené kmitov pre nedostatky do značnej miery odstraňuje tlmič kolesá koľajových vozidiel, skladajúci sa z navzájom spojených vrstiev, v tom, že je tvorený z viskózneplastickej hmoty, z ťahokovového plechu a z jednej plechu, ktorý tvori jednu alebo tlmiča, pričom jednotlivé kovové oddeľuje vrstva viskózneplastickej ktorého podstata spočíva viac ako jednej vrstvy minimálne jednej vrstvy alebo dvoch vrstiev holého obidve vonkajšie plochy vrstvy od seba vždy hmoty. Každá vrstva ťahokovového plechu v tlmiči môže byť. nahradená kovovou sieťou.Said oscillation is largely eliminated by the rail damper consisting of interconnected layers in that it consists of a viscous-plastic mass, a sheet of sheet metal and a single sheet which forms one or a damper, the individual metal being separated by a viscous-plastic layer whose the essence consists of more than one layer of at least one layer or two layers of bare both outer surfaces of the layer, each of which is mass. Each layer of expanded metal can be in the silencer. replaced by a metal net.

Jednotlivé kovové vrstvy sú povrchovo chránené proti korózii alebo sú vyrobené priamo z nerezového materiálu. Vlastný tlmič môže mať tvar kruhovej dosky, medzikružia, pásku alebo akýkoľvek iný, ktorá optimálne zodpovedá tvaru kmitajúceho hmotného telesa. Ku kolesu koľajového vozidla, ktoré sa vyznačuje veľkou amplitúdou kmitov, je tlmič uchytený pomocou poistných vzperných krúžkov, skrutkami, nitmi alebo lepením.The individual metal layers are surface-protected against corrosion or made directly of stainless steel. The actual damper may be in the form of a circular plate, annular ring, a tape or any other that optimally matches the shape of the oscillating mass body. The silencer is attached to the wheel of the rolling stock, characterized by a large amplitude of oscillations, by means of retaining rings, screws, threads or gluing.

-3Výhoda tohoto tlmiča kmitov a hluku spočíva v tom, že tlmí kmity v širokom pásme v krátkom Časovom úseku, energiu kmitov v sústave nižšími amplitúdami kmitov, frekvencií a útlm kmitov nastáva čo podstatne znižuje celkovú strojných častí. Prejaví sa to znížením dynamických účinkov, zvýšenou životnosťou súčastí a znížením hladiny hluku, ďalšou výhodou tlmiča je, že jeho tvar i uchytenie je možné prispôsobiť tvaru kmitajúceho telesa a je ho možné dodatočne inštaloval i na už používaných kolesách koľajových vozidiel.The advantage of this vibration and noise suppressor is that it dampens vibration in a wide band over a short period of time, the vibration energy in the system by lower vibration amplitudes, frequencies and vibration attenuation occurs which substantially reduces the overall machine parts. This results in reduced dynamic effects, increased service life of components and reduced noise levels. Another advantage of the silencer is that its shape and mounting can be adapted to the shape of the oscillating body and can be retrofitted on already used rolling stock wheels.

Prehľad obrázkov na výkresochBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Na obrázkoch 1, 2, 3 a 4 sú znázornené v priereze rôzne varianty tlmiča kmitov, ktoré sú zložené z vrstiev čahokovového plechu, holého plechu a viskózneplastickej hmoty. Na obr. 5 je znázornený základný tvar ťahokovového plechu a jeho rozmerová charakteristika. Obr. 6, 7 a 8 zobrazuje rôzne spôsoby použitia a uchytenia tlmičov ku kolesu koľajového vozidla.In Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, various vibration damper variants are shown in cross-section consisting of layers of expanded metal, bare sheet and viscous-plastic. In FIG. 5 shows the basic shape of the expanded metal sheet and its dimensional characteristics. Fig. Figures 6, 7 and 8 show various ways of using and attaching shock absorbers to a wheel of a rail vehicle.

Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Príklad lExample 1

Tlmič 1 kmitov znázornený na obr. 1 sa skladá z vrstvy ťahokovového plechu 2, dvoch vrstiev viskózneplastickej hmoty 4 a dvoch vrstiev holého plechu 3, ktorý zároveň tvori obidve vonkajšie časti tlmiča 1. Viskózneplastická hmota 4 od seba oddeľuje navzájom nitmi spojené plechové vrstvy 2., 3. Ťahokovový plech 2 má pritom základný tvar, ktorý je znázornený na obr. 5 a jeho veľkosť je charakterizovaná rozmermi dĺžky oka A, šírky oka C, šírky posuvu B a hrúbky plechy D. Na obr. 6 je znázornené vlastné uchytenie tlmiča 1 ku kolesu pomocou poistného vzperného krúžku 10.The vibration damper 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a layer of expanded metal sheet 2, two layers of viscose-plastic material 4 and two layers of bare sheet 3, which at the same time form both outer parts of the damper 1. The viscose-plastic material 4 separates the threaded metal sheets 2, 3 from each other. the basic shape shown in FIG. 5 and its size is characterized by dimensions of mesh length A, mesh width C, feed width B and sheet thickness D. In FIG. 6 shows the actual attachment of the damper 1 to the wheel by means of the retaining ring 10.

-4Príklad 2-4Example 2

Tlmič 1 kmitov znázornený na obr. 2 sa skladá z jednej vrstvy čahokovového plechu 2 a z jednej vrstvy holého plechu 2., ktoré sú navzájom spojené skrutkami a zároveň oddelené od seba jednou vrstvou viskózneplastickej hmoty 4. Jedna vonkajšia plocha tlmiča i je tvorená druhou vrstvou viskózneplastickej hmoty 4 a druhá vonkajšia plocha potom vrstvou holého plechu 3.· Ťahokovový plech 2. má tvar znázornený na obr. 5 a na obr. 7 je zobrazené uchytenie tlmiča 1 ku kolesu pomocou skrutiek so zapustenou hlavou 11.The vibration damper 1 shown in FIG. 2 consists of one layer of expanded metal sheet 2 and one layer of bare sheet 2, which are interconnected by screws and at the same time separated from one another by a layer of viscose-plastic material 4. One outer surface of the damper 1 is formed by a second layer of viscose-plastic The expanded metal sheet 2 has the shape shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 shows the attachment of the damper 1 to the wheel by means of countersunk head screws 11.

Príklad 3Example 3

Tlmič 1 kmitov znázornený na obr. 3 sa skladá z dvoch vrstiev kovovej siete 20, z troch vrstiev viskózneplastickej hmoty 4'· a z vrstvy holého plechu 3, ktorý tvori jednu vonkajšiu plochu tlmiča 1. Dve vrstvy viskózneplastickej hmoty 4 od seba oddeľujú navzájom spojené vrstvy kovovej siete 20 a holého plechu 3. a tretia tvori druhú vonkajšiu plochu tlmiča 1. Na obr. 7 je potom znázornené uchytenie tlmiča l ku kolesu pomocou skrutiek 12, ktorých matice sú súčasťou kolesa.The vibration damper 1 shown in FIG. 3 consists of two layers of metal mesh 20, three layers of viscose plastic 4 'and a layer of bare sheet 3 which forms one outer surface of the damper 1. The two layers of viscose plastic 4 separate the interconnected layers of metal mesh 20 and bare sheet 3 from each other. and the third forms the second outer surface of the damper 1. In FIG. 7 shows the attachment of the damper 1 to the wheel by means of screws 12 whose nuts are part of the wheel.

Príklad 4Example 4

Tlmič 1 kmitov znázornený na obr. 4 sa skladá z dvoch vrstiev ťahokovového plechu 2 a dvoch vrstiev holého plechu 3, ktorý súčasne tvori vonkajšie plochy tlmiča 1. Jednotlivé vrstvy plechu sú potom od seba oddelené vrstvami viskózneplastickej hmoty 4. Ťahokovový plech 2 má tvar znázornený na obr. 5 a na obr. 8 je zobrazené uchytenie tlmičov 1 lepením a zovretím medzi telesami strojných častí kolesa.The vibration damper 1 shown in FIG. 4 consists of two layers of expanded metal sheet 2 and two layers of bare sheet 3, which at the same time form the outer surfaces of the damper 1. The individual sheet layers are then separated from each other by layers of viscous plastic 4. The expanded metal sheet 2 has the shape shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 8 shows the mounting of the dampers 1 by gluing and clamping between the bodies of the machine parts of the wheel.

-5Priemvslová-využiteľnosť-5Priemvslová-usability

Tlmič kmitov je konštruovaný pre kolesá koľajových vozidiel, ale môže sa výhodne použiť i u prevodových kolies, brzdových kotúčov, ložisiek, čapov a tých strojných častí, ktoré majú veľkú celkovú energiu kmitov.The vibration damper is designed for wheels of rail vehicles, but can also be advantageously used for transmission wheels, brake discs, bearings, pins and machine parts that have a high total vibration energy.

Claims (1)

Tlmič kmitov pre zníženie dynamických účinkov kolies koľajových vozidiel, ku ktorým je uchytený pomocou poistných vzperných krúžkov, skrutkami, nitmi alebo lepením, skladajúci sa z navzájom spojených vrstiev, vyznačujúci sa tým, že je tvorený z viac ako jednej vrstvy viskózneplastickej hmoty (4), z minimálne jednej vrstvy čahokovového plechu (2) alebo kovovej siete (20) a z jednej alebo dvoch vrstiev holého plechu (3) , ktorý tvori jednu alebo obidve vonkajšie plochy tlmiča (1), pričom jednotlivé kovové vrstvy od seba vždy oddeľuje vrstva viskózneplastickej hmoty (4).Vibration damper for reducing the dynamic effects of the wheels of rail vehicles to which it is attached by means of retaining rings, bolts, threads or gluing, consisting of interconnected layers, characterized in that it consists of more than one layer of viscoplastic mass (4), from at least one layer of expanded metal (2) or metal mesh (20) and one or two layers of bare sheet (3), which form one or both outer surfaces of the silencer (1), each layer being separated by a layer of viscous plastic ( 4).
SK1270-96A 1994-04-06 1995-04-06 Vibration and sound absorber SK127096A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ94792A CZ285423B6 (en) 1994-04-06 1994-04-06 Vibration damper
PCT/CZ1995/000004 WO1995027975A1 (en) 1994-04-06 1995-04-06 Vibration and sound absorber

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
SK127096A3 true SK127096A3 (en) 1997-08-06

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AT (1) AT406098B (en)
CZ (1) CZ285423B6 (en)
DE (2) DE19580284C1 (en)
HU (1) HU221723B1 (en)
PL (1) PL316649A1 (en)
SI (1) SI9520050A (en)
SK (1) SK127096A3 (en)
WO (1) WO1995027975A1 (en)

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HU9602716D0 (en) 1996-11-28
HUT76116A (en) 1997-06-30
DE19580284C1 (en) 1998-10-22
AT406098B (en) 2000-02-25
PL316649A1 (en) 1997-02-03
WO1995027975A1 (en) 1995-10-19
CZ285423B6 (en) 1999-08-11
ATA903595A (en) 1999-06-15
HU221723B1 (en) 2002-12-28
SI9520050A (en) 1997-04-30
DE19580284D2 (en) 1997-09-18
CZ79294A3 (en) 1995-11-15

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