SI9111203A

SI9111203A - Railway goods wagon

Info

Publication number: SI9111203A
Application number: SI9111203A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Guenter Ahlborn; Eberhard Filk
Original assignee: Abb Henschel Waggon Union
Priority date: 1991-07-08
Filing date: 1991-07-08
Publication date: 1996-12-31

Abstract

Izum se nanaša na železnički tovorni vagon, v bistvu sestoječ iz nakladalne ploščadi (1) In dveh posamičnih osi (15) ali dveh dvoosnih tekal (6-9) s trdno vpetimi kolesnimi dvojicami (8), pri čemer je ploščad (1) preko listnih vzmeti (4) uležajena na posamični osi (15) oz. dvoosnih tekalih (6-9), in pri čemer vodenje osi (15) ali tekal (6-9) pod ploščadjo (1) sestoji iz navpičnih vodilnih elementov oz. mostičev (8) osnih držal na ploščadi (1) in osnih ležajev (16) osi (15) oz. okvira (7) dvoosnega tekala, ki omogočajo navpično premikanje in omejeno vodoravno vrtenje in prečno premikanje osi (15) oz. tekal (6-9) proti ploščadi (1). Cilj izuma sestoji v tem, da se vagon zgradi tako, da je ustvarjena možnost, voziti vagon s tovorom, zlasti vsebnikom, ploščad (1) dvigniti in po sprejemu bremena ponovno spustiti v vozno lego, da bi se omogočilo nakladanje in razkladanje vagona neodvisno od vagonu tujih nakladalnih naprav. Ta cilj se doseže s tem, da so med ohišjem (16) osi (15) oz. okvirom (7) tekala (6-9) in vzmetmi (4) razporejeni dvižni elementi (13), preko katerih je ploščad z vzmetmi dvigljiva proti osi (15) oz. tekalu (6-9).The invention relates to a freight wagon, v essentially consisting of a loading platform (1) and two single axles (15) or two two-axis runners (6-9) s the wheel couplings (8) being tightly fixed, where platform (1) via leaf springs (4) mounted on single axes (15) or. biaxial runners (6-9), and at keeping the axle (15) or running (6-9) under the platform (1) consists of vertical guiding elements or. bridges (8) ramp axle holders (1) and axle roller bearings (16) (15) respectively. of the frame (7) of the dual axle running gear vertical movement and limited horizontal rotation and transverse movement of the axis (15) or. ran (6-9) against platforms (1). The object of the invention is to provide a wagon build in such a way as to create an opportunity to drive a wagon with lift the platform (1) and after load, especially the containers lower the load acceptance to the running position, yes it would allow loading and unloading of the wagon independent of the wagon of foreign loading devices. That goal is achieved by the fact that, between the housing (16), the axes (15) or. runners (6-9) and springs (4) arranged the lifting elements (13) over which the platform with springs liftable against axle (15) or. running (6-9).

Description

Železniški tovorni vagonRail freight wagon

Izum se nanaša na železniški tovorni vagon, v bistvu sestoječ iz nakladalne ploščadi in dveh posamičnih osi ali dveh dvoosnih tekal s trdno vpetimi osmi, pri čemer je nakladalna ploščad preko listnatih nosilnih vzmeti uležajena na enoosnem oz. dvoosnem tekalu, in pri čemer vodilo enoosnega ali dvoosnega tekala pod nakladalno ploščadjo sestoji le iz navpičnih vodilnih elementov oz. mostičev osnih podpor na nakladalni ploščadi in osnih ležajev posamičnih osi oz. okvirov dvoosnega tekala, ki omogočajo navpično premaknitev in omejeno vodoravno zavrtitev ter prečno premaknitev posamične osi oz. dvoosnega tekala proti nakladalni ploščadi.The invention relates to a railway freight wagon, essentially consisting of a loading platform and two single axles or two two-axle runners with firmly engaged axles, the loading platform being supported by a single-axial or single axle, respectively. a two-axis runner, and wherein the guide of the uniaxial or two-axis runner below the loading platform consists of only the vertical guiding elements or. axle support bridges on the loading platform and single axle or axle bearings. 2-axis bogie frames allowing vertical displacement and limited horizontal rotation and transverse displacement of the single axle or of a two-axis treadmill against the loading platform.

Znani so železniški tovorni vagoni z nakladalno ploščadjo, ti. ploski vagoni, katerih tekala sestoje iz posamičnih osi, dvoosnih tekal ali podstavnih vozičkov. Te ploske vagone z nakladalno ploščadjo se običajno naklada in razklada z dvigalom ali viličarjem. Za gospodarno nakladanje in razkladanje določenih tovorov, npr. na podpornih nogah stoječih menjalnih vsebnikov, pa je potrebno najti napravo, ki dovoljuje železniškemu tovornemu vagonu, da brez nakladalne naprave samodejno sprejme oz. odlaga tovor. Možnost spreminjanja višine ploščadi, ki je podana npr. z zračnim vzmetenjem podstavnih vozičkov potniških vagonov, ne obstoji pri železniških tovornih vagonih, kajti le-ti iz gospodarskih razlogov niso opremljeni z podstavnimi vozički z zračnim vzmetenjem.Rail freight wagons with loading platforms, you are known. flat wagons whose bogies consist of single axles, biaxial runners or bogies. These flat wagons with a loading platform are usually loaded and unloaded with an elevator or forklift. For economical loading and unloading of certain loads, e.g. however, on the supporting legs of the standing gearboxes, it is necessary to find a device which allows the railway freight wagon to automatically accept or, without loading device,. delays cargo. The possibility of changing the height of the platform, which is given e.g. with air suspension of bogies of passenger coaches, does not exist on railway freight wagons, because for economic reasons they are not equipped with bogies with air suspension.

Znano je že, da se pri težkih tovornih vozilih, ki služijo zlasti za transport velikih transformatorjev, iz nakladalnih oz. kljunastih nosilcev sestoječe nakladalno držalo spusti in dvigne s hidravlično napravo in s tem tovor prevzame in odloži. Te naprave pa so zelo drage in se jih da uporabiti le pri dragih transportnih vozilih za težka bremena, opremljenih z nakladalnimi ali kljunastimi nosilci.It is already known that for heavy goods vehicles, which are mainly used for the transport of large transformers, from loading or unloading. The lifting handle is lowered and lifted by the beams, with a hydraulic device, thereby picking up and laying down the load. These devices, however, are very expensive and can only be used in expensive heavy-duty transport vehicles equipped with loading or beak mounts.

Pri železniških tovornih vagonih, katerih tekala sestoje iz podstavnih vozičkov, obstoji med nakladalnim mostom in okvirom podstavnega vozička preko vrtljivih Čepov ali vrtljivih blazinic trdna, med obratovanjem nesprostljiva povezava, ki prepečuje, da se nakladalna ploščad, ki se jo naklada ali razklada, spusti ali dvigne proti podstavnemu vozičku.For freight wagons whose bogies consist of bogies, there is a solid, non-rigid connection between the loading axle and bogie frame, which prevents the loading platform from being loaded or unloaded from being lowered or unloaded. lifts toward the bogie.

Naloga predloženega izuma sestoji v tem, da se tako zasnuje železniškiIt is an object of the present invention to provide a railway design

21718PR0.IV tovorni vagon uvodoma omenjene vrste, da se z enostavnimi, gospodarnimi ukrepi ustvari možnost voziti železniški tovorni vagon s tovorom, zlasti menjalnim vsebnikom, dvigniti nakladalno ploščad in jo po sprejetju tovora ponovno spustiti v vozno lego, da se omogoči nakladanje in razkladanje železniškega tovornega vagona neodvisno od vagonu tujih nakladalnih naprav.21718PR0.IV Freight wagon of the aforementioned type, in order to enable simple, economical measures to make it possible to drive a freight wagon with cargo, in particular a changeable container, to lift the loading platform and, after acceptance of the load, to render it in the running position to enable loading and unloading of the railway freight wagon independent of foreign wagon loading wagon.

To nalogo se po izumu reši tako, da so med ohišji osnih ležajev posamične osi oz. okvirom dvoosnega tekala in listnatimi nosilnimi vzmetmi razporejeni dvižni elementi, preko katerih je nakladalna ploščad z listnatimi nosilnimi vzmetmi dvigljiva proti posamični osi oz. dvoosnemu tekau. Po izumu je mogoče železniški tovorni vagon uvodoma omenjene vrste, katerega tekalo sestoji iz posamične osi oz. dvoosnega tekala, gospodarno tako zasnovati, da je omogočen sprejem zlasti menjalnih vsebnikov brez tuje nakladalne naprave. Za nakladanje in razkladanje po izumu tudi ni potrebno sprostiti napenjala ali vodila med nakladalno ploščadjo in tekalom.According to the invention, this task is solved so that, between the axle bearings, there are single axes or axles. Two lifting axle frames and leaf support springs are provided with lifting elements through which the loading platform with leaf support springs is liftable towards the individual axle or. two-axis running. According to the invention, it is possible for a freight wagon of the aforementioned type, whose running gear consists of a single axle, or economical design of the two-axle running gear that allows the reception of especially exchange containers without a foreign loading device. For loading and unloading according to the invention, it is also not necessary to release the tensioner or guide between the loading platform and the tread.

Po izumu lahko dvižni element sestoji iz hidravličnega cilindra, pnevmatskega cilindra, vijačnega vretena z matico ali kakšnega drugega gospodarnega dvižnega elementa.According to the invention, the lifting element may consist of a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a screw nut with a nut or some other economical lifting element.

Pri uporabi dvoosnega tekala je na zunanjih vzdolžnih straneh okvira vsakega dvoosnega tekala centrično med kolesnimi dvojicami predviden po en ležaj za trdne sprejem navpično razporejenega dvižnega elementa, katerega bat ali vreteno prijemlje centrično pod vzmetno spono listnatih nosilnih vzmeti. Pri tem obsega pod vzmetno spono nalegajoča glava bata oz. vretena na svoji spodnji strani notranji konus, ki v spuščeni legi silo- in oblikosklepno sodeluje z ustrezno zasnovanim ležajem tekala. Preko glave bata, ki na svoji zgornji strani nosi čep vzmetne spone listnatih nosilnih vzmeti in ki je na svoji spodnji strani v vozni legi železniškega tovornega vagona silo- in oblikosklepno povezana z ležajem okvira dvoosnega tekala, se med vožnjo železniškega tovornega vagona nastopajoče navpične in vodoravne sile tako prenašajo, da ne pride do pomanjkljivega vpliva dvižnega elementa.When using a two-axle running gear, a single bearing is provided centrally between the wheelsets on the outer longitudinal sides of the frame of the two-axle runners, for solid reception of a vertically spaced lifting element whose piston or spindle grips centrally under the spring clip of the leaf support springs. In doing so, the piston head or the non-locking piston head, respectively, comprises a spring. spindles on its underside an inner cone which, in a lowered position, forces forcefully and formally in conjunction with a suitably designed bearing. Through the piston head, which on its upper side bears a pin of the leaf clamp of leaf-bearing springs and which is forcefully and in a formally connected to the bearing of the axle of the double-axle running frame on its lower side, appear vertical and horizontal during the running of the railway freight wagon. the forces are so tolerated that no defective impact of the lifting element occurs.

Pri razporeditvi posamičnih osi je med ohišjem osnega ležaja in listnatimi nosilnimi vzmetmi razporejen navpično na ohišju osnega ležaja premakljiv jarem, ki nalega centrično pod vzmetno spono listnatih nosilnih vzmeti, in pri čemer so med jarmom in ohišjem osnega ležaja obojestransko glede na ohišje osnega ležaja razporejeni navpični dvižni elementi, ki so s prvim koncem vodeni in podprti na ohišju osnega ležaja, s svojim drugim koncem pa pod jarmom. Preko teh dvižnih elementov se da prednostno listnate nosilne vzmeti železniškega tovornega vagona z nakladalno ploščadjo dvigniti navpično znotraj vodil posamične osi, ne da bi bilo potrebno spros3In the arrangement of the individual axles, a movable yoke is arranged vertically on the axle bearing housing centrally below the spring clamp of the leaf support springs, and with the axle bearings disposed sideways between the yoke and the axle bearing housing lifting elements which are guided and supported by the first end on the axle housing and with its second end below the yoke. Preferably, through these lifting elements, the leaf springs of the freight wagon with the loading platform can be lifted vertically inside the guides of the single axle, without the need for release3.

21718PR0.IV titi posamično os iz njenega vodila na železniškem tovornem vagonu. Pri tem je jarem zasnovan kot obrnjena črka U, pri čemer sta kraka jarma zasnovana kot cilindra dvižnih elementov, katerih bati so podprti na vodoravnih konzolah ohišja osnega ležaja.21718PR0.IV protects an individual axle from its rail on a freight wagon. The yoke is designed as an inverted letter U, the yoke arms being designed as cylinders of lifting elements whose pistons are supported on horizontal brackets of the axle bearing housing.

Podrobnosti izuma so pobliže predstavljeni s pomočjo izvedbenih primerov, kjer kaže sl. 1 železniški tovorni vagon po izvedbenem primeru izuma, v delnem shematskem pogledu s strani, sl. 2 pogled s trani s sl. 1, z dvignjeno nakladalno ploščadjo železniškega tovornega vagona, sl. 3 prerez vzdolž črte ΠΙ-ΙΠ s sl. 1, sl. 4 prerez vzdolž črte IV-IV s sl. 2, sl. 5 železniški tovorni vagon po izumu in v drugem izvedbenem primeru v pogledu s strani, polovica s spuščeno in polovica z dvignjeno nakladalno ploščadjo, sl. 6 prerez po črti VI-VI s sl. 5.Details of the invention are presented in more detail by way of exemplary examples, where FIG. 1 shows a railway freight wagon according to an embodiment of the invention, in partial schematic view, FIG. 2 is a view from the side of FIG. 1, with the raised loading platform of the rail freight wagon, FIG. 3 is a cross-section along the line ΠΙ-ΙΠ of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a cross-section along line IV-IV of FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is a side view of the railway freight wagon according to the invention and in another embodiment, half lowered and semi-raised platform lifted, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI of FIG. 5.

Kot je prikazano na sl. 1, je nakladalna ploščad 1 železniškega tovornega vagona preko vzmetne konzole 2 in sklepa 3 obešena na listnati nosilni vzmeti 4, kije preko svoje vzmetne spone 5 podprta na ležaju 6, trdno razporejenem zunaj na okviru 7 dvoosnega tekala 6, 7 centrično med kolesnima dvojicama 8. Kolesni dvojici 8 sta pri tem, trdno vpeti v okviru 7 dvoosnega tekala 6, 7. Vodenje tekala 6, 7 pod ploščadjo 1 vagona sledi pri tem le preko navpičnih vodilnih mostičev 9 okvira 7 dvoosnega tekala in ustreznih navpičnih drsnih vodil 10 ploščadi vagona. Ti mostiči 9 in navpična vodila 10 omogočajo navpično vzmetenje ploščadi 1 proti dvoosnemu tekalu kot tudi omejen vodoravni prečni premik in zavrtitev tekala 6, 7 proti ploščadi vagona.As shown in FIG. 1, the loading platform 1 of the railway freight wagon is suspended via a suspension bracket 2 and the joint 3 on a leaf-bearing spring 4 supported by its spring clamp 5 on a bearing 6, firmly arranged externally on the frame of the two-axle running gear 6, 7 centered between the wheelsets 8 The wheel pairs 8 are thus firmly clamped within the frame of the two-axle bogie 6, 7. The running of the wheel 6, 7 below the platform 1 of the wagon is followed only by the vertical guide bridges 9 of the frame of the two-axle runner and the corresponding vertical sliding guides 10 of the wagon platform. These bridges 9 and the vertical guides 10 allow the vertical suspension of the platform 1 against the two-axle runner, as well as the limited horizontal transverse movement and rotation of the runner 6, 7 towards the wagon platform.

Med ležajem 6 okvira 7 dvoosnega tekala in vzmetno spono 5 vzmeti 4 je navpično razporejen trdno v ležaju 6 vpet dvižni element 13, ki v danem primeru sestoji iz hidravličnega cilindra. Po izumu pa je lahko mišljeno, da se namesto hidravličnega cilindra uporabi pnevmatski dvižni element ali mehanski dvižni element v obliki npr. vretena z matico. V prikazanem izvedbenem primeru podpira bat 13a dvižnega cilindra 13 središčno pod vzmetno spono 5 listnatih nosilnih vzmeti in je na sponi 5 preko njenega čepa 5a vodoravno silosklepno povezan z njim. Bat 13a dvižnega elementa 13 je na svoji spodnji strani opremljen z notranjim konusom 13b, ki v spuščeni legi bata 13a vodoravno obliko- in silosklepno naseda na ustrezno zas4Between the bearing 6 of the frame 7 of the two-axis runner and the spring clamp 5 of the spring 4, the lifting element 13, which optionally consists of a hydraulic cylinder, is arranged vertically in the bearing 6. According to the invention, however, it may be intended to use a pneumatic lift element or a mechanical lift element in the form of e.g. spindles with nut. In the embodiment shown, the piston 13a of the lift cylinder 13 is supported centrally under the spring clamp 5 of the leaf support springs and is connected horizontally to it by a clamp 5 through its pin 5a. The piston 13a of the lifting element 13 is provided on its underside with an inner cone 13b which, in the lowered position of the piston 13a, is horizontally shaped and sloping in a suitable position 4

21718PR0.IV novano ležajno glavo 6a ležaja 6.21718PR0.IV new bearing 6a of bearing 6.

Za dvig ploščadi 1 vagona se vse dvižne elemente ploščadi hkratno fluidno obremeni preko neprikazanega in za izum nepomembnega fluidno obremenjevalnega sistema, pri čemer se ploščad z vzmetmi enakomerno dvigne za sprejem bremena. Sprostitev pritrdilnih in spenjalnih naprav med ploščadjo in dvoosnim tekalom ni potrebna. Po sprejemu bremena se hkrati spusti dvižne elemente ploščadiIn order to raise the platform 1 of the wagon, all the lifting elements of the platform are simultaneously fluidly loaded via a non-shown and irrelevant fluidically loading system, with the platform with the springs being lifted evenly to receive the load. It is not necessary to release the fastening and clamping devices between the platform and the dual axle. After lifting the load, the lifting elements of the platform are lowered at the same time

1. V spuščeni legi so vzmeti 4 preko spone 5, glave 13a in ležajne glave 6a vodoravno obliko- in silosklepno povezane z okvirom 7 dvoosnega tekala.1. In the lowered position, the springs 4 are connected horizontally to the frame 7 of the biaxial running gear 7 via the clamp 5, the head 13a and the bearing head 6a.

Pri izvedbenem primeru izuma, prikazanem na sl. 5 in 6, je ploščad 1 vagona prav tako preko vzmetne konzole 2, sklepa 3 obešena na vzmeteh 4. Vzmeti 4 so pri tem izvedbenem primeru izuma oprte preko svoje spone 5 na ohišje 16 osnega ležaja posamične osi 15. Med ohišjem 16 in spono 5 vzmeti 4 je razporejen kot nrobe obrnjena črka U zasnovan jarem 17, ki na svoji zgornji strani sprejema čep 5a spone 5 in s svojima krakoma objema ohišje 16, kije stransko in navpično vodeno na tem. Na svoji zunanji strani sta kraka jarma 17 vodena v mostičih 18 osnih držal ploščadi 1 vagona. V obeh krakih jarma 17 so razporejeni navzdol obrnjeni iz hidravličnih cilindrov sestoječi dvižni elementi 13 po poprej opisanem izvedbenem primeru. Ti dvižni elementi se opirajo na konzole 20 ohišja 16. Ključ 21 osnega držala, ki povezuje mostič 18, preprečuje dviganje osi iz mostičev 18.In an embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 5 and 6, the platform 1 of the wagon is also suspended from the springs 4 through the suspension bracket 2, the joint 3. In this embodiment, the springs 4 are supported by their clamp 5 on the housing 16 of the axial bearing of the individual axis 15. Between the housing 16 and the clamp 5 of the spring 4 is arranged as a non-facing U-shaped yoke 17, which on its upper side receives the pin 5a of the clamp 5 and with its arms embraces the housing 16 which is laterally and vertically guided thereon. On its outside, the arms of the yoke 17 are guided in the bridges 18 axle holders of the platform 1 of the wagon. In both legs of yoke 17, the upright lifting elements 13 arranged in accordance with the previously described embodiment are arranged downwards from the hydraulic cylinders. These lifting elements are supported by the brackets 20 of the housing 16. The key 21 of the axle bracket connecting the bridge 18 prevents the axis from being lifted from the bridges 18.

Dviganje, sprejemanje bremena in spuščanje ploščadi 1 sledi ustrezno izvedbenemu primeru s sl. 1 do 4.Raising, receiving the load and lowering the platform 1 follows the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 1 to 4.

Claims

PATENT APPLICATIONS

1. A railway freight wagon consisting essentially of a loading platform and two single axles or two two-axle runners with rigidly-mounted axles, the loading platform being supported by a single-axle or a single axle, respectively. a two-axis runner, and wherein the guide of the uniaxial or two-axis runner below the loading platform consists of only the vertical guiding elements or. axle support bridges on the loading platform and single axle or axle bearings. 2-axis bogie frames allowing vertical displacement and limited horizontal rotation and transverse displacement of the single axle or a two-axle bogie against the loading platform, characterized in that between the housings (16) of the axle bearings are single axles (15) or. to the frame (7) of the two-axle running gear (6, 7) and to the leaf-bearing springs (4) are arranged lifting elements (13) over which the loading bridge (1) with the springs (4) is liftable towards the individual axis (15) or. two-axle running (6.7).

Rail freight wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting element (13) consists of a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder or a screw spindle with a nut.

Rail freight wagon according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that one bearing (6) is provided centrally between the wheelsets (8) centrally between the wheelsets (8) on the outer longitudinal sides of the frame (7) for solid receiving vertically a spacer element (13) whose piston (13a) or spindle grips centrally under the spring clip (5) of the spring (4).

Rail freight wagon according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, under the clamp (5), the piston head (13a) and / or the spindle comprises, on its underside, an inner cone (13b) which, in the lower position, engages forcefully and formally with the bearing (6).

Rail freight wagon according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that when the individual axles (15) are arranged between the housing (16) and the springs (4), it is arranged vertically on the housing (16) centrally movable yoke (17). under the spring clamp (5) of the spring (4), with vertical lifting elements arranged on both sides of the yoke (17) and the housing (16) relative to the housing (16)

21718PR0.IV (13), which with the first end are guided and supported on the housing (16) and with their second end below the yoke (17).

Rail freight wagon according to Claims 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that the yoke (17) is designed in the inverted letter U, the yoke arms (17) being designed as cylinders of lifting elements (13), the pistons of which are supported on horizontal brackets (20) of housing (16).