SI9011062A - Device for electrokinetic desalination of walls - Google Patents
Device for electrokinetic desalination of walls Download PDFInfo
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- SI9011062A SI9011062A SI9011062A SI9011062A SI9011062A SI 9011062 A SI9011062 A SI 9011062A SI 9011062 A SI9011062 A SI 9011062A SI 9011062 A SI9011062 A SI 9011062A SI 9011062 A SI9011062 A SI 9011062A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
- E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis
Abstract
Description
Dipl.ing. Dr. Techn. Karl-Heinz Steininger Gleisdorf, AvstrijaDipl.ing. Dr. Techn. Karl-Heinz Steininger Gleisdorf, Austria
Priprava za elektrokinetično razsoljevanje zidovPreparation for electrokinetic desalination of walls
Izum zadeva pripravo za elektrokinetično razsoljevanje zidov, sestoječo iz vsaj ene pozitivne, sol zbirajoče, na zidu ali v njem razporejene elektrode, ki je v dotiku s poroznim, vodo vsebujočim puferskim gradivom, in vsaj ene negativne elektrode, na katero je priključena istosmerna napetost, kot tudi na anodno ureditev za uporabo v tovrstni pripravi.The invention relates to a device for electrokinetic desalination of walls, consisting of at least one positive, salt-collecting, electrode in contact with it, in contact with a porous, water-containing buffer material, and at least one negative electrode to which a DC voltage is connected, as well as the anode arrangement for use in such preparation.
Princip elektrokinetičnega ločevanja polnitve in potovanja ionov v električnem polju s priključitvijo istosmerne napetosti se v tehniki na veliko uporablja npr. pri razsoljevanju morske vode. Postopki razsoljevanja zidov s pomočjo elektrokinetičnih učinkov so že znani in se uporabljajo. Zgradbam škodljive soli, ki se najpogosteje pojavljajo, so sulfati, kloridi in nitrati. Izvor soli je raznovrsten, tako npr. iz:The principle of electrokinetic separation of charge and ion travel in an electric field by connecting DC voltage is widely used in the art, e.g. in seawater desalination. Procedures for wall curing using electrokinetic effects are already known and are in use. The most commonly occurring structures of salts are sulfates, chlorides and nitrates. The source of the salt is diverse, e.g. from:
samih gradiv, ki jih mnogokrat naredijo iz naravnih surovin, gnojil iz sosedne zemlje zaradi kapilarnega vodnega transporta, posipane soli, zlasti v območju vznožja zgradb, atmosfere, kot npr. s kislim dežjem.the materials themselves, which are often made of natural raw materials, fertilizers from neighboring soil due to capillary water transport, salt spray, especially in the area of the foot of buildings, the atmosphere, such as with acid rain.
Zidne soli so mnogokrat higroskopne, pa zato v odvisnosti od zračne vlage iz zraka odvzemajo vodo. To povečanje prostornine solnih kristalov povzroča visoke hidratacijske tlake, ki porozno gradivo porušijo.Wall salts are often hygroscopic and therefore, depending on the air humidity, draw water from the air. This increase in the volume of the salt crystals causes high hydration pressures that break the porous material.
Te zidne soli razen tega s korozijo porušijo betonsko železo in armaturo prednapetja.These wall salts also corrode concrete iron and prestressing reinforcement by corrosion.
Elektrofizikalni suhi postopki po načelu elektroozmoze v poroznem zidu lahko delujejo le, če se med steno por in elektrolitom lahko vzpostavi zadosten zeta potencial. Prevelike koncentracije topnih soli ovirajo vzpostavljanje tega zeta potenciala in osušitev z elektroozmozo postane nemogoča. Iz tega razloga morajo pred uporabo elektroozmoze zidove v kar največji meri razsoliti.Electrophysical electrophysical dry processes in a porous wall can only work if sufficient zeta potential can be established between the pore wall and the electrolyte. Excessive concentrations of soluble salts impede the restoration of this zeta potential and electro-osmosis drying becomes impossible. For this reason, the walls must be as much as possible demolished before using electroosmosis.
Princip odstranjevanja soli iz zida temelji na izkoriščanju elektrokinetičnega ločevanja polnjenja.The principle of removing salt from the wall is based on the exploitation of electrokinetic charge separation.
Pri priključitvi istosmerne napetosti v elektrolitu se nosilci polnjenja (ioni) gibljejo v električnem polju k ustreznim elektrodam in se zgoščajo na teh elektrodah oz. okoli le-teh (negativni ioni, anioni, potujejo k anodi, pozitivni ioni, kationi, potujejo h katodi). Na ta način je možno visoke koncentracije anionov na anodi kontinuirno in v pretežni meri odstranjevati iz zidu. Potovalne hitrosti so odvisne od vrste ionov, velikosti le-teh in od zunanjih pogojev, kot so tlak, temperatura, topilo in koncentracija, in znašajo zaWhen the DC voltage in the electrolyte is connected, the charge carriers (ions) move in the electric field to the corresponding electrodes and thicken on these electrodes or. around them (negative ions, anions, traveling to the anode, positive ions, cations, traveling to the cathode). In this way, high concentrations of anions at the anode can be continuously and largely removed from the wall. Travel speeds depend on the type of ions, the size of the ions, and the external conditions such as pressure, temperature, solvent and concentration, and are
V zidu je transport ionov znatno počasnejši, a še zadosten, da se zid razsoli v sprejemljivem času.In the wall, ion transport is much slower, but still sufficient to allow the wall to be desalinated within an acceptable time.
Znani postopki za elektrokinetično razsoljevanje zidov pogosto uporabljajo kovinske anode, ki se razgrajujejo s korozijo in katerih tekoči korozijski produkti se iz zidu odstranjujejo s pomočjo žleba iz umetne snovi.Known methods for electrokinetic desalination of walls often use corrosion-degradable metal anodes whose liquid corrosion products are removed from the wall by a plastic groove.
Znan je, nadaljnji, postopek razsoljevanja betonskih tvorb, pri katerem železna armatura v betonu služi kot katoda in se anioni na poti k površinsko nameščeni anodi vežejo s pomočjo smole kot ionskega izmenjevalca ali s pomočjo raztopine Ca(OH)2,A further process of desalination of concrete formations is known in which the iron reinforcement in concrete serves as a cathode and the anions, on the way to the surface-mounted anode, are bonded by means of a resin as an ion exchanger or by a Ca (OH) 2 solution,
CaCO3 in/ali CaO. Pri nobenem od teh dveh postopkov povratne difuzije reakcijskih produktov v zid niso mogli v celoti preprečiti. Tako se zmanjša izkoristek toka, pa tudi uporaba teh postopkov je draga in zamotana.CaCO 3 and / or CaO. In either of these two processes, the back diffusion of the reaction products into the wall could not be completely prevented. This reduces the flow efficiency, as well as costly and costly to use.
Naloga izuma je ustvariti pripravo za elektrokinetično razsoljevanje zidov, pri katere obratovanju so pomanjkljivosti, ki spremljajo znane postopke razsoljevanja, izključene. Razen tega naj bo uporaba in vgradnja take priprave enostavna in manj draga, pri čemer naj bodo predvsem tudi vgradljive vnaprej izdelane elektrode oz. ureditve elektrod.It is an object of the invention to provide a device for electrokinetic desalination of walls in which the disadvantages accompanying known desalination processes are excluded. In addition, the use and installation of such a device should be simple and less expensive, with pre-fabricated electrodes and / or pre-fabricated electrodes. electrode arrangements.
No, priprava po izumu je značilna po tem, da je pozitivna elektroda razen na priključnih koncih povsem obdana s plastjo puferskega gradiva in da na plast puferskega gradiva nalega separatorska plast.Well, the preparation according to the invention is characterized in that the positive electrode, except at the connecting ends, is completely surrounded by a layer of buffer material and that a separator layer is applied to the buffer material layer.
Prednost te zasnove je predvsem v tem, da je elektroda s pomočjo plasti puferskega gradiva, kolikor je to sploh mogoče, optimalno zaščitena pred premočno korozijo in je razen tega z ureditvijo separatorske plasti ustvarjena pregrada proti povratnemu difundiranju reakcijskih produktov v zid. Separatorska plast naj razen tega na imobilizirajočo plast puferskega gradiva nalega vsaj povsod tam, kjer zid meji neposredno.The advantage of this design is that the electrode is optimally protected against excessive corrosion by a layer of buffer material and, in addition, by creating a separator layer, a barrier is created against the back diffusion of reaction products into the wall. In addition, the separator layer should rest on the immobilizing buffer layer at least where the wall borders directly.
Nadaljnje prednostne izvedbene značilnosti priprave po izumu so navedene v podzahtevkih 2 do 7.Further preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention are set out in sub-claims 2 to 7.
Izum nadalje zadeva ureditev anode z elektrodo, ki se dotika puferskega gradiva, za uporabo v taki pripravi za elektrokinetično razsoljevanje zidov, pri čemer je ureditev anode značilna po tem, daje elektroda razen na priključnih konceh povsem obdana s plastjo puferskega gradiva in da na plast puferskega gradiva nalega separatorska plast.The invention further relates to the arrangement of the anode with the electrode in contact with the buffer material for use in such an apparatus for electrokinetic desalination of the walls, wherein the arrangement of the anode is characterized in that the electrode is completely surrounded by a layer of buffer material and at the buffer layer the material rests on a separator layer.
V podzahtevkih 9 do 16 so navedene nadaljnje prednostne izvedbene značilnosti ureditve anode po izumu.Sub-claims 9 to 16 set forth further preferred embodiments of the anode arrangement of the invention.
Izum je v nadaljnjem podrobno obrazložen s pomočjo izvedbenih primerov, predstavljenih v priloženih listih skic, v katerih kaže:The invention is further explained in detail by way of the embodiments presented in the accompanying drawings, in which:
sl. 1 pripravo po izumu za elektrokinetično razsoljevanje zidu, v shematični predstavitvi, sl. 2 drugo izvedbeno obliko priprave po izumu, sl. 3 do 5 pa razne oblike izvedbe ureditve anode po izumu, uporabljive pri razsoljevalni pripravi.FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an apparatus according to the invention for electrokinetic wall desalination; 2 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention; 3 to 5, various embodiments of the anode arrangement according to the invention are useful in desalination preparation.
Skica sl. 1 kaže razsoljevalno pripravo z več v vrtinah v steni 1 položenimi anodami 2, ki so medsebojno povezane s pomočjo žic. Anode 2 so pri tem vsakokrat tja do priključnih koncev v celoti obdane s plastjo puferskega gradiva, ki imobilizira ione; slednjeomenjena plast pa je obdana s separatorsko plastjo, ki neposredno meji na ostenja vrtin. Preko tokovnega vira 3 je na katodo, v predloženem primeru na ozemljitveno palico 4, priključena istosmerna napetost.Sketch of FIG. 1 shows a desalination device with several anodes 2 in the wall 1, which are interconnected by wires. In this case, the anodes 2 are completely surrounded by a layer of buffer material that immobilizes the ions; the latter-named layer is surrounded by a separator layer that directly borders the boreholes. Through the current source 3, a direct current voltage is connected to the cathode, in the present case, to the grounding rod 4.
V sl. 2 je shematično predstavljena razsoljevalna priprava, pri kateri so na zidu 1 razporejene plosko zasnovane anode 5. Tudi tu so anode, ki so tja do svojih priključnih koncev vsakokrat v celoti zalite v pufersko gradivo, ki imobilizira ione, medsebojno povezane s pomočjo žic in priključene na tokovni vir 3, pri čemer je na ozemljitveno palico 4 priključena istosmerna napetost. Pri tej izvedbeni obliki razsoljevalne priprave je separatorska plast, ki nalega na plast puferskega gradiva, razporejena samo na k zidu obrnjeni ploskvi.In FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a desalination device in which flat-based anodes 5 are arranged on wall 1. Here, too, anodes are completely poured into their buffer ends, each immobilizing ions immobilized by wires and connected to the current source 3, where a DC voltage is connected to the grounding rod 4. In this embodiment of the desalination device, the separator layer resting on the buffer layer is disposed only on the wall facing surface.
Sl. 3 kaže patronsko (patrona) zasnovano ureditev 6 anode, kakršne so zlasti primerne za namestitev v vrtine, pripravljene v zidu, čakajočem na razsoljevanje. Jedro ureditve anode tvori kovinski, prednostno bakren, vodnik 7, ki je oplaščen s prevodno umetno snovjo 8. Okoli tega jedra je razporejena plast 9 iz puferskega gradiva, ki reakcijske produkte kemično in fizikalno veže. Pufersko gradivo obsega v bistvu vodo, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 in/ali CaO ali zmesi le-teh, pri čemer dodatek gelirnega sredstva prav pride. Le-to deluje imobilizirajoče in drži vlago, tako da ne obstaja nikakršna nevarnost izsušitve območja okoli anode.FIG. 3 shows a cartridge-designed arrangement of anode 6, such as is particularly suitable for mounting in wells prepared in a wall awaiting desalination. The core of the anode arrangement consists of a metal, preferably copper, conductor 7, which is coated with conductive plastic 8. A layer 9 of buffer material is arranged around this core, which chemically and physically binds the reaction products. The buffering material comprises substantially water, Ca (OH) 2 , CaCO 3 and / or CaO, or mixtures thereof, with the addition of a gelling agent. It acts as an immobilizer and holds moisture so that there is no danger of drying out the area around the anode.
Plast puferskega gradiva v celoti obdaja iz mikroluknjičave membrane narejena separatorska plast 10, ki v priključenem stanju v vrtini v zidu meji na ostenje vrtine.The buffer layer is completely enclosed by a micro-perforated membrane made of a separator layer 10, adjacent to the borehole wall when connected in a hole in the wall.
Po sl. 4 je ureditev 11 anode zasnovana kot drog oz. palica. Ta ureditev je zlasti primerna za namestitev v zidne reže. Tudi tu je elektroda 12, ki sestoji iz s prevodno umetno snovjo oplaščenega kovinskega vodnika, tja do svojih obeh priključnih koncev na vsem obodu obdana s plastjo 13 puferskega gradiva, ki je zunaj oplaščena s separatorsko plastjo 14. Le-ta nato v vgrajenem stanju ureditve anode v zidni reži meji na ostenji le-te.According to FIG. 4 is an anode arrangement 11 designed as a pole or an anode. stick. This arrangement is particularly suitable for wall mounting. Here, too, the electrode 12, consisting of a conductive plastic coated metal conductor, is enclosed therewith at its circumferential ends at the entire circumference by a layer 13 of buffer material which is externally coated with a separator layer 14. It is then in its integrated state of arrangement. the anodes in the wall slot border the wall.
V sl. 5 je prikazana plosko na zidu 15 razporejena ureditev 16 anode. Elektroda 17, ki jo tvori s prevodno umetno snovjo oplaščen kovinski vodnik, je v obliki kačastih zavojev, potekajočih po vsej ploskvi, zalita v plast 18 puferskega gradiva. Na k zidu obrnjeni strani plasti puferskega gradiva je razporejena separatorska plast 19.In FIG. 5 shows a flat arrangement on the wall 15 arranged arrangement 16 of the anode. The electrode 17, which is formed by a conductive plastic coated metal conductor, is embedded in a layer 18 of buffer material in the form of snake bends extending throughout the surface. A separator layer 19 is arranged on the wall facing side of the buffer layer.
Anode so lahko narejene kot paličaste, tračne ali ploskovne elektrode in sestoje iz kovine, grafita, prevodne umetne snovi ali iz s takim oplaščenega kovinskega vodnika oz. vodnika iz grafitnih vlaken. Pufersko gradivo v bistvu obsega vodo, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 in/ali CaO ali zmesi le-teh, pri čemer dodatek gelirnega sredstva prav pride. Le-to deluje imobilizirajoče in drži vlago, tako da ne obstaja nikakršna nevarnost izsušitve območja okoli anode. Kot gelirna sredstva lahko v osnovi pridejo v poštev vsa trgovsko dosegljiva, prednostno pa agar agar ali karboksimetilceluloza.The anodes can be made as rod, strip or flat electrodes and consist of metal, graphite, conductive plastic, or a metal coated conductor or cable. graphite fiber conductor. The buffering material essentially comprises water, Ca (OH) 2 , CaCO 3 and / or CaO, or mixtures thereof, with the addition of the gelling agent being appropriate. It acts as an immobilizer and holds moisture so that there is no danger of drying out the area around the anode. Basically, commercially available, preferably agar agar or carboxymethylcellulose may be considered as gelling agents.
Separatorska plast, ki v namontiranem stanju neposredno meji na zid, služi kot pregrada proti povratnemu difundiranju reakcijskih produktov v zid. Taki separatorji so na splošno znani iz baterijske tehnike. Gre za mikroluknjičave membrane, ki na temelju svoje porazdelitve luknjic odlično prepuščajo določene ione, ovirajo pa prehod večjih aglomeratov. Primerne so tudi ionsko selektivne membrane.The separator layer adjacent to the wall in the mounted state serves as a barrier against back diffusion of the reaction products into the wall. Such separators are generally known in the art of battery technology. These are micro-bulb membranes that, on the basis of their distribution of holes, perfectly pass certain ions and impede the passage of larger agglomerates. Ion-selective membranes are also suitable.
Te membrane naj imajo naslednje lastnosti:These membranes should have the following characteristics:
dobro ionsko prevodnost, veliko selektivnost glede transporta določenioh ionov, dobro omočljivost, visoko mehansko trdnost, nikakršno električno prevodnost, kemično obstojnost na elektrolit in reakcijske produkte.good ionic conductivity, high selectivity for the transport of certain ions, good wettability, high mechanical strength, no electrical conductivity, chemical resistance to electrolyte and reaction products.
Te membrane so iz PTFE, azbesta, PVC, PE, PP, na umetno snov vezane in/ali s steklenimi vlakni ojačane celuloze, regenerirane celuloze, celofana ali podaljšanih (nem. gereckf) folij iz umetne snovi.These membranes are made of PTFE, asbestos, PVC, PE, PP, plastic-bonded and / or glass fiber reinforced cellulose, regenerated cellulose, cellophane, or elongated (non-gereckf) plastic foils.
Priključene istosmerne napetosti naj bodo kar se da visoke, da se zagotovi zadosti hiter transport ionov (10 do 50 V).Connect the DC voltages as high as possible to ensure a fast ion transport (10 to 50 V).
Učinkovitost priprave po izumu vključno v njej uporabljene ureditve anode po izumu je v sledečem predložena na temelju poskusne napeljave:The efficiency of the apparatus according to the invention, including the anode arrangements according to the invention used therein, is presented on the basis of a test line:
Pri poskusni napeljavi smo izdelali paličaste elektrode iz s prevodno umetno snovjo oplaščenih bakrenih žic, ki so bile zalite v zmes 4 ut.% karboksimetilceluloze in 96 ut.% CaCO3. Kot separator je služila nogavica iz klobasnega ovoja, zaprta na obeh koncih. Te paličaste elektrode smo vstavili v vrtine v zidu. Vrtine smo pripravili v uparjalnem območju na odmiku en meter nad temeljem. Kot protielektroda je služila v zemljo zabita železna cev. Napeljava je delala z istosmerno napetostjo 36 V. Coulombov izkoristek anionske pretvorbe (pretvorbe zidne soli) na anodi je znašal med 40 in 50% - odvisno od stopnje solnosti in vlage okolišnega zidu.In the experimental setup, rod electrodes were made from conductive plastic coated copper wires, which were poured into a mixture of 4% by weight carboxymethylcellulose and 96% by weight CaCO 3 . The sausage sock, closed at both ends, served as a separator. These rod electrodes were inserted into the holes in the wall. The wells were prepared in the evaporation zone at a distance of one meter above the foundation. It served as a counter-electrode in an iron tube. The wiring was operated at a direct voltage of 36 V. Coulomb's anion conversion (wall salt conversion) at the anode ranged between 40 and 50% - depending on the degree of salinity and moisture of the surrounding wall.
V 60 dneh smo porabili 40 g CaCO3 in elektrode smo lahko z reakcijskimi produkti odstranili iz zidu. Analiza je pokazala, da je bilo preko 90% reakcijskih produktov vezanih na elektrodo.Within 60 days, 40 g of CaCO 3 was consumed and the electrodes were removed from the wall by reaction products. The analysis showed that over 90% of the reaction products were electrode bound.
Po poobl.:By authorization:
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0130789A AT394409B (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1989-05-30 | DEVICE FOR ELECTROKINETIC DESALINATION OF WALLMASKS |
| YU106290A YU106290A (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1990-05-30 | DEVICE FOR ELECTROKINETIC DESALINATION OF WALLS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI9011062A true SI9011062A (en) | 1997-08-31 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI9011062A SI9011062A (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1990-05-30 | Device for electrokinetic desalination of walls |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0427840B1 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT394409B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2033167A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ285180B6 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD294750A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59002386D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0427840T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2044595T3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP921231B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU209897B (en) |
| LT (1) | LT3290B (en) |
| LV (1) | LV5314A3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL163847B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1834960C (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9011062A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK280162B6 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA13472A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990015203A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU106290A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9208921D0 (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1992-06-10 | Isis Innovation | Electrochemical treatment of surfaces |
| WO1993025773A1 (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-12-23 | Ortlieb, Mathieu | Process and device for the elimination of humidity in the walls of a building |
| DE4235583A1 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-05 | Tridelta Ag | Electro:osmosis anode for building restoration - comprises sprayed anode layer on non-metallic support provides simplified removal of harmful substances from brickworks |
| US5451677A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1995-09-19 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Substituted phenyl sulfonamides as selective β 3 agonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity |
| DE10202764A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-08-07 | Fischer Christel | Method and arrangement for dehumidifying masonry |
| FR2846571B1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2006-05-26 | Francois Chasteau | METHOD FOR ELECTRO-OSMOSIS DAMPING OF A POROUS MEDIUM AND ELECTRODES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3856646A (en) * | 1967-09-19 | 1974-12-24 | D Morarau | Methods and electrodes for the drying of damp buildings |
| NL7603539A (en) * | 1976-04-03 | 1977-10-04 | Halle Hoch & Montagebau Veb | PROCEDURE FOR RELEASING MOISTURE AND DRYING BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS. |
| DD231236A3 (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1985-12-24 | Bauakademie Ddr | APPARATUS FOR DRYING NAZELY EMERGING MACHINERY |
| DD234997A3 (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1986-04-23 | Adw Ddr | ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DESALINATION AND DRYING OF MACHINERY |
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1989
- 1989-05-30 AT AT0130789A patent/AT394409B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-05-29 CZ CS902643A patent/CZ285180B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-29 SK SK2643-90A patent/SK280162B6/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 HU HU905208A patent/HU209897B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 UA UA4894405A patent/UA13472A/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 PL PL90285402A patent/PL163847B1/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 SI SI9011062A patent/SI9011062A/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 CA CA002033167A patent/CA2033167A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-05-30 ES ES90908410T patent/ES2044595T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-30 WO PCT/AT1990/000051 patent/WO1990015203A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-30 DK DK90908410.5T patent/DK0427840T3/en active
- 1990-05-30 AT AT90908410T patent/ATE93291T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 YU YU106290A patent/YU106290A/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 DD DD90341133A patent/DD294750A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 EP EP90908410A patent/EP0427840B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-30 DE DE9090908410T patent/DE59002386D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-01-29 RU SU914894405A patent/RU1834960C/en active
-
1992
- 1992-11-11 HR HRP-1062/90A patent/HRP921231B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-04-08 LV LV930235A patent/LV5314A3/en unknown
- 1993-05-06 LT LTIP513A patent/LT3290B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DD294750A5 (en) | 1991-10-10 |
| DK0427840T3 (en) | 1993-10-11 |
| HU209897B (en) | 1994-11-28 |
| DE59002386D1 (en) | 1993-09-23 |
| SK264390A3 (en) | 1994-04-06 |
| ES2044595T3 (en) | 1994-01-01 |
| EP0427840B1 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
| CZ285180B6 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| HU905208D0 (en) | 1992-08-28 |
| PL163847B1 (en) | 1994-05-31 |
| CA2033167A1 (en) | 1990-12-01 |
| ATA130789A (en) | 1991-09-15 |
| RU1834960C (en) | 1993-08-15 |
| YU106290A (en) | 1994-04-05 |
| HRP921231A2 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
| LV5314A3 (en) | 1993-10-10 |
| LT3290B (en) | 1995-06-26 |
| LTIP513A (en) | 1994-11-25 |
| CZ264390A3 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
| UA13472A (en) | 1997-02-28 |
| HRP921231B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 |
| HUT62357A (en) | 1993-04-28 |
| EP0427840A1 (en) | 1991-05-22 |
| WO1990015203A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
| SK280162B6 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
| AT394409B (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| ATE93291T1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
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