SI8710315A - Low friction system for loads transporting based on magnetic forces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system based on magnetic forces to transport loads with small friction with at least one load (7) attached magnets fitted to a ferromagnetic profile (2). It is essential that the magnets (1) are thus adapted profile (2) that the poles of the surface of one magnet (1) interact with at least one upright profile wall and are with respect to this wall spaced essentially parallel. Particularly good performance is obtained if the wall profiles (2) magnets arranged on both sides, whereby these the magnets with respect to the wall stand against each other with homogeneous poly (reflective principle). Seen in longitudinal the directions are the magnets, in each case, the pairs arranged and are also in short pairs each time contracted with a ferromagnetic plate (4).

Description

A magnetic friction-based load transport system designed for magnetic forces

The invention relates to a magnetic friction load transport system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Known systems, which are based on magnetic forces, also called slip systems, move progressively without friction on the support rails at a certain distance from them. These systems as a whole are very complex and expensive, leaving their economy in doubt.

Thus, e.g. in VID-Nachrichten magazine no. 1 of 03.01 described the Transrapid 06 ”magnetic line from Emden. The description shows that high technical requirements are required to raise the vehicle 1 cm in height. Unfortunately, the required power consumption is not given to hold a 120 tonne heavy-duty vehicle. For a carrying capacity of 196 persons, this corresponds to a mass of about 120 000 kg, ie 612 kg / person (calculated around 80 kg / person).

The costly technique and the outstanding problems of snow and ice must be taken into account.

There are also more problems with the famous Japanese hover routes. Some have to roll their wheels to reach a speed of 200 km / h when hovering is just beginning. ·

Similarly, the so-called the Berlin magnetic stripe described in DE-OS 24 26 053, the difference being that the guide rollers are guided through a magnetic field.

Furthermore, from the French application no. 22 28 650 A well-known magnet-assisted transport system in which magnets, especially permanent ones, are adapted to .feromagnetic profiles. Magnets, however, are in the principle of attraction, i.e. unequal poles stand opposite each other, arranged in relation to the profiles. In addition, they are essentially designed for horizontally positioned ferromagnetic walls. This achieves a relatively low load-carrying capacity as a whole. Carrying a load is also a multiple of a payload here.

DE-OS 33 47 635 discloses a system with magnetic forces, which, depending on the arrangement of the magnets against the supporting profiles, is also built on the principle of attraction, i.e. opposite poles lie against each other with respect to the ferromagnetic walls.

Here too, a relatively low load force is achieved. In addition, the construction used is very complex, since many magnets need to be arranged in order to lift a certain load.

The latter shows DE-OS 21 46 143 a magnetic force system with at least one magnet and at least one pole surface on which

- 3 load is attached. Further, a soft magnetic support profile is provided on a locally fixed support, the profile wall of which is directed upright and extends over the profile surface in the direction of the support. However, a control system with a controlled solenoid is used as a side guide, which makes the structure of the system relatively complex.

It is an object of the invention to provide a magnetic force-based system of the type described above, which will come out without any regulation and will therefore be simple and light in design and will provide reliable function at low power consumption.

According to the invention, this task is solved by a magnetic force-based system with the features of claim 1.

Accordingly, the magnets are so adapted to the ferromagnetic profiles that the poles of the magnet surface are arranged parallel to the upright surface of the supporting profile, and that by mechanical means one achieves a defined air gap between the parallel surfaces and, on the other, the vertical mobility of the magnet. This gives a very good leading level without any regulation, making construction easy and inexpensive.

According to further features of the inventive concept, the transport system has at least one magnet arranged in a downwardly open profile U of ferromagnetic material. The poles of the magnets are laterally oriented so that they only work with the upright side surfaces of the supporting profile. The air space between the magnets and the carrier rail also allows for the vehicle's floating sliding motion in curves. In order to ensure precise movement even in curves, it is preferable to arrange guide wheels which hold the magnets exactly in the middle with respect to the profiles. If one tries to remove the magnets in a vertical direction, then this is exacerbated by the increasing force (hovering force) of this external influence. During loading, magnets are pulled out of the profile to such an extent that the attracting force is offset by the load. Therefore, no upright position is required for the upright position of the magnets. If the magnets are completely obscured by the side walls of the supporting profile, there is no force of attraction anymore.

There are various ways of driving the vehicle, for example. with drive wheels touching the carrier rails or with the aid of a linear motor.

According to the invention, the supporting profile may be a downwardly open profile U of the ferromagnetic material in the first embodiment. In this case, the arrangement of at least one magnet extends, with the poles of the magnet oriented horizontally, i.e. laterally towards the arms of U. Profile The magnetic lines will be drawn over the U. profile above, which is the simplest solution in terms of construction, which is very economical at the same time.

The support profile may further comprise two substantially parallel, vertical side walls of ferromagnetic material, with the side walls not being short-circuited by the ferromagnetic connecting elements. At least two longitudinally arranged alternating magnets are arranged between the inner surfaces of the walls and alternating magnets are arranged one after the other. Magnetic lines will be drawn here each time between two consecutive magnets and the respective bearing plates lying

- 5 opposite the pole.

The individual ferromagnetic profiles of the wall can be matched to two pairs of magnets each time according to the invention. In this respect, the poles opposite each other are in each case homogeneous. With this comes the principle of rejection. It has been shown that by applying the repulsion principle compared to the principle of attraction, the effect is several times greater.

According to the invention, a continuous ferromagnetic tube can also be used as a profile wall according to the invention.

However, the effect is further enhanced if the outer poles of each of the two magnets in the longitudinal direction of the successive magnets are short-circuited via the ferromagnetic plate. Particularly in the same-field arrangement with respect to the load-bearing wall, or in the arrangement of magnets inside and outside the side walls of profile U, an optimal magnetic flux is achieved by short contact of the outer poles outside the recumbent magnets.

As an element for short-circuiting the external magnets, an up-open U. profile can be used. The magnets are arranged longitudinally closely behind each other on the inside of the profile arm.

By arranging multiple profiles adjacent to one another or profiles adjacent to one another having multiple parallel wall profiles with suitably arranged magnets, a significant increase in load capacity is achieved.

The magnets used can be permanent magnets or electromagnets. In doing so, the use of permanent magnets has great advantages over the use of electromagnets. So e.g. the use of permanent magnets does not require additional energy to lift,

- 6 as the supporting work is created free of charge with permanent magnets installed. Energy is needed only for continuous movement, which is achieved e.g. with a linear motor. A further advantage is that the distance between the magnets and the supporting rails does not need to be adjusted. This is where the enormous technical intricacies that we encounter in known systems disappear. This ensures a reliable, non-interfering function. By embedding permanent magnets, thus avoiding heavy electromagnets, the mass is noticeably reduced. There is no problem with the power failure as the vehicle hangs in the magnetic field of permanent magnets. The whole structure becomes lighter, thus more economical and cheaper in construction and operation. Low energy consumption means that the system of the invention is also more environmentally friendly and has a noticeably lower noise level than other known systems.

The magnetic system designed according to the invention allows for use in various structural solutions. Thus, the load to be transported by the system can be predicted beyond the arrangement of the profile and magnets. This gives the so-called standing arrangement.

However, the burden that this system must carry can be seen under the arrangement of the profile and magnets. For this purpose, a so-called hanging arrangements. This drift arrangement is considered to be a preferred variant, since ferromagnetic load profiles are provided here as well as drive elements under the load bearing system, e.g. concrete girders. This avoids the inconvenience of the weather, especially in winter.

- 7 The invention will be further explained on the basis of several embodiments, referring to the drawings showing in Figures 1 to 10 different embodiments and arrangements of the bearing profiles and magnets used in the magnetically designed system according to the invention, and more specifically shows FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment with a U-shaped support profile and magnets disposed in the unloaded state between the profile arms; FIG. 2 is the same arrangement as in FIG. 1, but with magnets drawn vertically downwards from the profile, FIG. 3 shows a second arrangement with two plate support profiles and magnets arranged in pairs each, FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment with a plate support profile and magnets arranged on each side of the profile with pairs arranged each time over the plates; FIG. 5 is an embodiment as in FIG. 4, with a tube instead of a central profiled plate, FIG. 6 is an embodiment as in FIG. 4, with a short-folded U profile instead of short-circuit magnet plates, FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment with supporting profile U and magnets arranged between the arms and the arms arranged outside the arms; FIG. 8 is an embodiment as in FIG. 7, with the upstream open short profile U for external magnets, FIG. 9 is a multiple arrangement of the embodiment according to FIG. 7, FIG. 10 is a horizontal cross-section along the lines Χ-Χ of FIG. 1, Arrangement of guide wheels on magnets relative to the profiles of the arms, FIG. 11 to 14 system design options with respect to concrete girder and load, of which:

- 8 fig. 11 is a view showing the first mode of operation with the load to be transported, arranged under the profile and magnet arrangement (suspended arrangement); FIG. 12 is a distribution mode with a load to be transported above the profile and magnet arrangement (standing arrangement); FIG. 13 is a side view of a suspended load system, the load being a vehicle for transporting persons, and FIG. 14 is a front view of the arrangement of FIG. 13.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2, a U-shaped ferromagnetic rail is provided as the supporting profile 2. Between the two upright arms downwardly open profile 2, the magnet 1 is arranged such that the two poles of the surface are at each side near the side walls and substantially parallel to them. In this way, magnetic forces can flow from one pole through the near sidewall, base profiles and other sidewalls to the other pole of magnet 1. Magnetic forces are thus obtained in an optimum manner.

FIG. 2 shows the situation under a very heavy load in the arrangement of FIG. 1. The longer the magnet is pulled down by the mass attached to it, the greater the force acting on it (the hover force). During loading, the magnets are pulled so far out of the profile that the tensile force is offset by the load. The upright position of the magnets therefore does not require any regulation.

With the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3> consists of a support profile 2 of two parallel, upright ferromagnetic plates arranged not shortly contracted over

- 9 ferromagnetic material. In each case, between the inner surfaces of the panels 2, pairs of magnets are arranged in a longitudinal direction, with the pairs of magnets facing each other each time with antisense poles.

The version of FIG. 4 is an embodiment of the rail of the designed support profile 2 in the design of the smooth plate, to which both sides are each opposite to each other, arranged in pairs of magnets. Depending on the profiled rail 2, the magnets facing each other are facing one another with the same poles, J-J or. S-S (repulsive principle). The outer poles of the magnet pairs arranged in a longitudinal direction to each other are short-circuited through the ferromagnetic plate 4. This optimizes the flow of the magnets of the forces, which flow between the longitudinally distributed magnetic pairs and each time between the profile 2 and the plate 4.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment as in FIG. 4, but uses a ferromagnetic tube instead of a profiled wall between the magnets.

Fig. 6 shows the same design as Fig. 4, except that instead of short-circuits 4, we used an upwardly open profile U. The magnets are arranged longitudinally closely behind each other on the inside of the profile sections.

Embodiments of FIG. 7 shows, with respect to the force, a reinforced embodiment in which the supporting profile 2 is a downwardly open U profile. the arms, both inside and outside the magnets, are arranged in the same or similar manner as in FIG. 1 to 4. Here again, the opposite poles of the surface are oriented in the same direction, so that the bending forces are passed through the ferromagnetic load-bearing walls, or respectively. short circuit boards. It is entirely possible to start from the combination of Figs. 1 and 4. Therefore, proper force reinforcement is achieved.

FIG. 8 shows a similar arrangement to FIG. 7, but here they are similar to Figs. 6 magnets 1 externally tightly arranged magnets 1 shortly folded upwards through the open U-profile 2. The internal magnets 1 are offset from the short-circuit profile 4 by e.g. insulation board 8. In this embodiment, two magnetic force circuits are practically available. The first runs from the inner magnet 1 through the inner U-profile 2, as in the case of FIG. 1. The second flows through the short-circuit profile 4, the external magnets and then the internal profile 2. This results in a higher magnetic density than in the case of FIG. 7- As the whole mass increases, the effect is slightly increased.

FIG. 9 shows a multiple arrangement of the embodiment according to FIG. 7 With this arrangement a force increase is achieved.

FIG. 10 shows the arrangement of the magnets 1 with respect to the side walls of the supporting profiles 2. The guide wheels 3 are arranged in such a way that the magnets, even in curves, are accurately held in the middle between the walls.

FIG. 11 shows a useful feature of system 1, 2 in the suspended arrangement. On the concrete girder 6, the load-bearing profiles 2 are fixed on the lower side, while a load 7 may be arranged on the upper side, e.g. a transport vehicle and magnets 1 are foreseen in cooperation with profile 2. Vehicle 7 is further provided with guide wheels 3 ' on top of which cooperate with the central carrier rail. Continued movement is established with a linearly arranged linear motor 5.

FIG. 12 take t.im. the load bearing arrangement 7 in relation to system 1, 2. The profile beams 2 are also located here on the underside of the concrete beams. lateral arms of concrete beams

6. The burden or. the vehicle 7 is arranged above the carrier 6 and grabs from below the lateral arms of the concrete carrier 6, the magnets 1 being so supported that they are properly engaged with the carriers 2. The concrete support 6 bears on its upper side a central guide rail for the roller guides not shown here and a linear motor 5 for continued movement.

In FIG. 13 and 14 a practical embodiment is presented. The burden or. vehicle 7 is a passenger car here. On its upper side are attached magnets 1, which extend downwards into the open support U. It can be seen that the vehicle 7 moves in the suspension arrangement.

Claims (18)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. A magnetic friction load-carrying system with at least one magnet and at least one pole on which the load is attached and a locally fixed, soft-magnetic bearing profile with a vertically oriented transverse plane in of the carrier direction, a projecting profiled wall, characterized in that the pole surface of the magnet (1) is arranged substantially parallel to the upright surface of the supporting profile (2) and that, by mechanical means, a defined air gap between the parallel surfaces and on the other is achieved. vertical movement of magnets (1). System according to claim 1, characterized in that it is at least one T magnet (1) arranged in the downwardly open U-profile (2) of the ip 'ferromagnetic material. System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that only a small bright distance is provided between the half surfaces of the magnet (1) and the vertical walls of the profile (2). System according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile (2) consists of two substantially vertical, non-short-circuited sidewalls made of ferromagnetic material and that at least two longitudinally arranged sidewalls are provided between the inner surfaces of the walls. and the magnets (1) placed opposite each other with antisense poles. 5. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that in each case there are two pairs of magnets erected on the vertical ferromagnetic walls of the profile (2) and, with respect to the wall, 13 poles in each case are equal (J-J, S-S) (repulsion). System according to claim 5, characterized in that the tube 2 is positioned substantially centrally between the arrays of magnets (1) as a ferromagnetic wall. System according to claim 5, characterized in that the outer poles of the two magnets (1) in the longitudinal direction are in each case short-circuited through the ferromagnetic plate (4). System according to claim 7, characterized in that the short-circuited plates (4) are designed as an upwardly open profile U, on which the magnets (1) are fastened closely to each other internally. System according to claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that a downwardly open U profile is provided as a ferromagnetic supporting profile (2), that at least one magnet (1) is arranged inside the profile between the two upright sidewalls and that at least one pair of magnets (1) are provided on each side of the walls, with the same surface magnets facing the upright walls facing each other (reflecting principle). System according to claim 9, characterized in that the external magnets (1) are short-circuited via the above-open U profile (4) and the internal magnet (1) is closed to this U profile (4) via an insulating panel (8) . System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiles (2) are arranged side by side with the magnets (1) adapted to increase the load-bearing force. System according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic arrangements are provided with vertical profile walls cooperating guide wheels (3) which hold the magnets (1) at a predetermined distance from the walls of the supporting profile (2). System according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets (1) are permanent magnets. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets (1) are electromagnets. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the load (7) to be transported by the system (1, 2) is provided above the arrangement of the profile and magnets (standing arrangement). System according to claim 1, characterized in that the load (7) to be transported by the system (1, 2) is provided under the profile and magnet arrangement (suspended arrangement). System according to claim 1, characterized in that a linear motor (5) is provided for transportation in the system (1, 2). System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the drive wheels provided by the profile are cooperative driven by at least one engine for transport in the system (1, 2).