HRP921137A2 - Magnetic power system for the frictionless transportation of loads - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a magnetic system for transporting loads without friction according to the introduction of the 1st patent claim.

Well-known systems that are based on magnetic forces and which we also call sliding systems, and which move forward without friction on load-bearing tracks with a certain distance from them. These systems are very complicated and expensive, so the question arises about their economy.

Thus, for example, in the magazine VDI-Nachrichten no. 1 on 03.01.86 described the magnetic railway "Transrapid 06" from Emden. It is evident from the description that high technical requirements are required to raise the vehicle to a height of 1 cm. Unfortunately, the required energy consumption is not specified, in order to be able to keep a 120 t heavy vehicle in a floating state. With a carrying capacity of 196 people, which corresponds to a mass of 120,000 kg, so 612 kg/person (calculated around 80 kg/person). The expensive technique to use and the still unsolved problems with snow and ice should also be taken into account. Even more difficult are the Japanese floating railways. Some of them have to roll on their wheels to reach a speed of 200 km/h to start hovering.

The so-called works similarly. the Berlin magnetic track, which is described in DE-OS 24 26 053. The difference is that the guide wheels are guided over a magnetic field. Furthermore, from the French application no. 22 28 650 known transport system, using magnets in which magnets, especially permanent ones, are adapted to ferromagnetic profiles. According to the principle of acceptance, i.e. of different poles, the magnets stand towards each other - arranged in relation to the profile. In addition, they are adapted to horizontally lying ferromagnetic rocks. With this, a relatively low load capacity is achieved as a whole. The payload here is also a multiple of the payload.

Finally, a system with magnetic forces is known from DE-OS 33 47 053, as far as the arrangement of the magnets against the load-bearing profiles is concerned, it is also built on the principle of attraction, i.e. oppositely directed poles lie against each other, i.e. on ferromagnetic rocks. Here, too, a relatively small bearing force is achieved. In addition, the applied construction is very complicated, because many magnets need to be arranged in order to be able to lift a certain load. The task of the invention is to provide a system of the previously described type based on magnetic forces, which will be basically simple and light and will guarantee reliable function with low energy consumption. According to the invention, this task is solved with the characteristics of the 1st patent claim based on magnetic forces.

Accordingly, the magnets are attached to the ferromagnetic profiles in such a way that the pole surfaces of one magnet cooperate with at least one vertical wall of the profile and are arranged parallel to the walls of the profile. This results in a very good degree of conductivity, which enables a simple and cheap construction. According to further features of the inventive idea, the transport system has at least one magnet, which is arranged downwards in an open profile U made of ferromagnetic material. At the same time, the poles of the magnets are directed laterally, so that they only work with the vertical side surfaces of the load-bearing profile. The air space between both magnets and the supporting rail also allow the floating sliding motion of the vehicle in curves. In order to guarantee accurate movement even in turns, it is preferable that the guide wheels that hold the magnets are arranged exactly in the middle with respect to the profiles. If you try to remove the magnets in a vertical direction, then an increasing force (floating force) opposes this external influence. When loaded, the magnets are pulled out of the profile to such an extent that the attraction force equalizes the load. No regulation is required for the upright position of the magnet. If the magnets are completely covered with the side walls of the load-bearing profile, there is no longer any attraction force.

The vehicle can be driven in several ways, for example by means of drive wheels that touch the load-bearing rails or by means of a linear motor.

According to the invention, the bearing profile can be made of ferromagnetic material in the first embodiment, an open profile U. In this case, one magnet is placed with the magnetic poles directed horizontally, i.e. laterally in the direction of the arm of the profile U. The magnetic lines will go over the folded profile U. That is structurally the simplest solution that is very economical. The load-bearing profile can also consist of two essentially parallel vertical side walls made of ferromagnetic material, where the side walls are not short-circuited with ferromagnetic connecting elements. At least two alternating magnets are provided between the inner walls, placed one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and alternating in their polarity. The magnetic lines flow here at a given moment between two successive magnets and the support plates lying opposite poles. According to the invention, two pairs of magnets can be added to a single ferromagnetic profiled rock each time, with respect to the rock, each time the opposite poles are of the same polarity, and the principle of repulsion occurs. It has been shown that applying the principle of repulsion compared to the principle of attraction often achieves a greater effect.

According to the invention, a longitudinally laid ferromagnetic tube can also be used for profiled rock.

The effect is even more improved if the outer poles of two longitudinally consecutive magnets are short-circuited via a ferromagnetic plate. With the same pole arrangement with respect to the load-bearing rock or with the arrangement of the magnets in the side walls of the U profile and outside them, the optimal magnetic flux is achieved by short-circuiting the external poles outside the lying magnets.

As an element for the short-circuit connection of external magnets, a U profile open upwards can be used. In this case, the magnets are arranged in the longitudinal direction closely behind each other along the inner side of the profile arm. By placing several profiles one behind the other or next to each other, which have several parallel profile rocks with suitably distributed magnets, a significant increase in load capacity is achieved.

The magnets used can be permanent or electromagnets. By using permanent magnets, permanent magnets show many advantages compared to using electromagnets. Thus, for example, by using permanent magnets, additional energy for lifting is unnecessary, because the work of carrying is accomplished for free using the built-in permanent magnets.

Energy is needed only for forward movement, which is achieved, for example, with a linear motor. A further advantage is that the distances between the magnets and the supporting rails do not need to be regulated. This is where the enormous technical complexity we encounter with known systems falls away. This guarantees reliable and trouble-free operation. By installing permanent magnets in relation to heavy electromagnets, the mass is noticeably reduced. In the event of a power failure, there are no problems, because the vehicle remains suspended in the magnetic field of the permanent magnets. The overall structure is lighter, and thus more economical and cheaper in construction and operation. In addition to low energy consumption, the system according to the invention is also more favorable for the environment, and has a noticeably lower noise level than other known systems.

The system based on magnetic forces according to the invention allows application in various structural solutions. In this way, the load to be transported by the system can be predicted above the arrangement of profiles and magnets. This results in the so-called standing structure.

The load that will be transported by this system can also be predicted under the arrangement of profiles and magnets. For this purpose, the so-called hanging structure. The suspended structure is considered as the preferred variant, because ferromagnetic bearing profiles as well as drive elements under the bearing system, for example concrete supports, are provided here. This makes it easier to avoid bad weather, especially in winter.

The invention is shown in more detail in the following exemplary embodiments, referring to the drawings showing figures 1 to 10 of different embodiments and ways of arranging the load-bearing profiles and magnets, used in the system based on magnetic forces according to the invention, where:

Figure 1 shows the first embodiment with a load-bearing profile shaped like the letter U with magnets distributed between the legs of the profile in an unloaded state

Fig. 2 shows the same arrangement as Fig. 1, but under load from the profile with magnets pulled vertically downwards

Figure 3 shows another arrangement with two flat load-bearing profiles and magnets arranged in pairs between them

Figure 4 shows a third embodiment with a flat bearing profile on both sides of the profile, each time in pairs arranged above the plates with short-circuited magnets

Fig. 5 shows the design as in Fig. 4 with a pipe instead of a central profiled plate

Fig. 6 shows the design as in Fig. 4 with a short-circuited U-profile instead of short-circuit boards for magnets

Figure 7 shows a further embodiment with a load-bearing U profile with magnets arranged between and outside the arms

Fig. 8 shows the design as in Fig. 7 with an upwardly open short-circuit profile U for external magnets

Fig. 9 shows the multiple structure of the performance according to Fig. 7

Fig. 10 shows the horizontal section X-X from Fig. 1, the arrangement of the guide wheels on the magnets in relation to the arms of the profile

Figure 11 to 14 shows the possibilities of the system arrangement with regard to the concrete support and the load, of which:

Figure 11 shows the organizational mode with the load to be transported, placed under the arrangement of profiles and magnets (suspended organization)

Figure 12 shows the structural mode with the load to be transported above the profile and magnet arrangement (standing structure)

Figure 13 shows a side view of a suspended load system, where the load is a passenger transport vehicle

Figure 14 shows the view from the front of the arrangement according to fig. 13

In the embodiment presented in Fig. 1 and 2, a U-shaped rail made of ferromagnetic material is provided as a supporting profile 2. Between both vertical arms of the open profile 2, the magnet 1 is arranged so that both pole surfaces are always arranged close to the side walls and are parallel to them. In this way, the magnetic lines can go out from one pole over the closer side rock, the base of the profile and the other side to the other pole of magnet 1. The magnetic lines thus get an optimal flow.

Figure 2 shows the situation under a very heavy load with the arrangement according to fig. 1. The more the magnet is pulled down by the mass attached to it, the greater the opposing force (floating force) becomes. When loaded, the magnets are pulled out of the profile so far, that the attraction force equalizes with the load. The vertical position of the magnet does not require any regulation.

In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the supporting profile 2 consists of two mutually parallel, vertically arranged ferromagnetic plates, which are not short-circuited via ferromagnetic material. Between the inner surfaces of the plates 2 in the longitudinal direction, a pair of magnets are arranged one behind the other, facing each other with opposite poles.

The version in Fig. 4 represents the design of the rail-based supporting profile 2, basically a smooth plate, on the circumference of which two lying magnets are arranged towards each other. Due to the profiled rail 2, the lying magnets face each other with the same poles J-J, that is, S-S towards each other (repulsion principle). The outer poles of the two magnets arranged in the longitudinal direction towards each other are short-circuited to each other via the ferromagnetic plate 4. This optimizes the flow of magnetic forces, which flow at a given moment between pairs of magnets arranged in the longitudinal direction between profile 2 and plate 4.

Figure 5 shows the design as in Figure 4, where instead of a profiled rock, a ferromagnetic tube is used between the magnets.

Fig. 6 shows the same performance as Fig. si. 4, except that instead of the jumper plates 4, an upwardly open profile U is used. The magnets are arranged in the longitudinal direction, closely behind each other on the inside of the arms of the profile.

The embodiment according to Fig. 7 shows an enhanced embodiment in terms of forces, in which the load-bearing U profile 2 is open downwards. Due to its two side walls, i.e. the arms, both between them and outside of them, the magnets are arranged in the same or similar way as on si. 1 to 4. And here, in the same sense, the lying surfaces of the poles are directed towards each other every time, so that the repulsive lines pass through the ferromagnetic load-bearing rocks, that is, the short-circuit plates. On the whole, considering the flow of forces and the produced carrying forces, it is necessary to exit from combinations si. 1 and 4. This achieves a corresponding increase in force.

Fig. 8 shows a similar arrangement to Fig. 7, but here they are similar to Fig. si. 6 outer magnets closely spaced one behind the other 1 across the upwardly open U-profile 2 short-circuited. The internal magnets 1 are moved away from the short-term profile 4 for, for example, the insulating plate 8. In this design, two magnetic force lines are practically available. The first flows from the internal magnet 1 through the internal U-profile 2, as in the example according to si. 1. The second flows over the short circuit profile 4 of the outer magnet and then over the inner profile 2. This achieves a higher magnetic density than in the example according to si. 7. With an increase in mass, as a whole, the effect increases slightly.

Figure 9 shows the multiple arrangement of the embodiment according to fig. 7. With this arrangement, an increase in force is achieved.

Figure 10 shows the arrangement of magnets 1 in relation to the side walls of the load-bearing profiles 2. The guide wheels 3 are arranged in such a way that the magnets are held in turns exactly in the middle between the walls.

Figure 11 shows the usability of systems 1 and 2 in a suspended structure. The load-bearing profiles 2 are attached to the concrete support 6 on the lower side, while it is possible for the load 7 to be arranged on the upper side and placed below, which is, for example, a transport vehicle, while the magnets 1 are provided in cooperation with the profile 2. On the load, that is, the vehicle 7 on the upper side, guiding wheels 3 are provided, which cooperate with the central supporting rail. Forward motion is established with a linear motor 5 centrally located.

Figure 12 shows the so-called the standing structure of the load 7 with regard to the system 1 and 2. The profile supports 2 are also here on the lower side of the concrete supports or the side arms of the concrete supports 6. The load or the vehicle 7 is arranged above the support 6 and catches the side arms of the concrete support 6 from below. Magnets 1 are supported in such a way that they interact with the supports 2. The concrete support 6 carries on its upper side the central guide rail for the guide rollers, not shown here, and the linear motor 5 for advancing movement.

Figures 13 and 14 show a practical implementation example. Cargo, that is, vehicle 7 is a vehicle for transporting people. On the upper side of the vehicle, magnets 1 are attached, which descend into the U support, which is open downwards. It is visible that vehicle 7 is moving in a suspended structure.

Claims (18)

1. The system for transporting loads without friction is based on magnetic forces, which consists of one magnet on which the load is attached and which is attached to a ferromagnetic bearing profile, indicated by the fact that at least one magnet (1) is arranged in this way on at least one profile (2), that the surfaces of the magnet poles (1) interact with at least one vertical side wall of the profile (2) and are arranged parallel to this wall. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one magnet (1) is arranged in a U-profile (2) open downwards, which is made of ferromagnetic material. 3. The system according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that between the surfaces of the poles (1) and the large rocks of the profile (2), a small gap is provided each time. 4. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the profile (2) is composed of two essentially vertical, mutually short-connected side walls made of ferromagnetic material and that at least two are provided between the inner surfaces of the walls, one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, arranged with the opposite magnets (1) placed with opposite poles. 5. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that two pairs of magnets are attached to one vertical ferromagnetic rock of the profile (2) and that with respect to the rock, the opposite poles are equal (J-J, S-S) (repulsion). 6. System according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the ferromagnetic rock is arranged in the middle between the rows of magnets (1), the pipe (2) is laid. 7. System according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the outer poles of two longitudinally consecutive magnets (1) are short-circuited via the ferromagnetic plate (4). 8. System according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the short-circuited plates (4) are based on an upwardly open U profile, on the inner side of which the magnets (1) are attached closely one behind the other. 9. System according to claims 1, 2 and 4, indicated by the fact that the ferromagnetic bearing profile (2) is designed to be a downwardly open U-profile, that at least one magnet (1) is arranged inside the profile between both upright side walls and that each time on the outside of the rock, at least one pair of magnets (1) is provided, whereby each time the magnetic surfaces of the same polarity with respect to the vertical rocks face each other (repulsion principle). 10. System according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the external magnets (1) are short-circuited over the open U-profile (4), and the internal magnet (1) according to this U-profile is shielded by an insulating plate (8). 11. Bar system according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that to increase the load-bearing force, the profiles (2) are arranged next to each other with correspondingly arranged magnets (1). 12. The system according to the previous claims, indicated by the fact that the magnetic devices are accompanied by guide wheels (3) that interact with the vertical walls of the profile and that hold the magnets (1) at a predetermined distance from the wall of the supporting profile (2). 13. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets (1) are permanent magnets. 14. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets (1) are electromagnets. 15. System according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that the load (7) to be transported with the system (1 and 2) is provided above the structure of the profile and magnet (standing structure). 16. System according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that the load (7) to be transported with the system (1 and 2) is provided under the profile and magnet structure (suspended structure). 17. System according to claim 1, characterized in that a linear motor (5) is provided for transport in the system (1 and 2). 18. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that for transport in the system (1,2) are provided with a profile, participating, driven by at least one motor driven drive wheel.