SI7612720A8

SI7612720A8 - Railroad rail fastner

Info

Publication number: SI7612720A8
Application number: SI7612720A
Authority: SI
Inventors: D W Miller
Original assignee: Pandrol Ltd
Priority date: 1975-11-07
Filing date: 1976-11-05
Publication date: 1995-08-31
Also published as: HRP940061B1

Description

Ovaj pronalazak odnosi se na stege — spojnice koje služe za pričvrščivanje železničkih šina bcz obzira na vrstu koloseka za železničke pragove odnosno drugu čvrstu pcdlogu na Roju su šine postavljene sa odgovarajučim sklopom sa kojim se one upotrebljavaju u te svrhe.The present invention relates to fasteners - couplings used to fasten rail rails bcz, depending on the type of track for railway sleepers and / or other rigid pcdlog on Roy, the rails are fitted with a suitable assembly with which they are used for these purposes.

Prema medunarodnoj patentnoj kvalifikaciji i klasifikaciji oblast u koju spada ovaj pronalazak označena je sa E 01B 9/30.According to international patent qualification and classification, the field of this invention is designated by E 01B 9/30.

Pri prelazu šinskog vozila duž železničke prug ϊ konvencionalno postavljene na železničke pragrve i balastnu podlogu nastaju i dolaze do delovanja čitav niz kompleksnih akcija, koje, ukoliko nisu svedene na najmanju mogucu meru i o;klonjene pažljivom konstrukcijom mogu da izaztvu teške posledice po samu prugu, železničke pragove i odgovarajuče komponente, a takode i ni sama šinska vozila mogu da se odraze ova šteti ia delovanja.When crossing a rail vehicle along a railway line ϊ conventionally mounted on railway tracks and ballast, a series of complex actions are created and acted upon, which, if not minimized and avoided; thresholds and corresponding components, and even the rail vehicles themselves, can reflect these damages.

Savremenim rešenjima vešanja mnoge od ovih posledica su otklonjene, ali je još uvek ostao prob em veka trajanja šina, pitanje njihovog održav mja i troškova vezanih sa ovim. Odavno je paznato da se njihov vek trajanja može produžiti s'stemom elastičnog pričvrščivanja šina za pragov t koji bi bio sposoban da se kontrolisano pomera k ida šinsko vozilo naide, kada prelazi i kada prede preko železničkog praga time što bi ornogučm da se izoluju relativni pokreti šine u odnosu na prag i balastnu podlogu.Many of these consequences have been eliminated by modern suspension solutions, but the problem of the life of the rails remains, the question of their maintenance and the costs involved. It has long been recognized that their lifespan can be extended by having an elastic fastening of the sill rails t that would be able to move in a controlled manner when the rail vehicle encounters, when it crosses and when it crosses the railway threshold by isolating relative movements. rails relative to the sill and ballast.

Kod betonskih pragova kao dodatna zaštita potrebno je da se šina delom izoluje od praga postavljanjem jastučiča izmedu postolja šine i praga kako bi absorbovali udare i predupredili km iii nastajanje naprslina na betonskim pragovoma,For concrete sleepers, as an additional protection, it is necessary to partially isolate the rail from the sill by placing a pad between the rail base and the sill to absorb impacts and prevent km or cracks on the concrete sills.

Pored svojstva elastičnog pričvrščivanja, isto toliko važna je i veličina sile koju stega saopštava šini povlačeči je nadole držeči je kako bi se oduprla težnji šine da se izvrne i što naročito dolazi d i izražaja na krivinama i kod velike brzine krefc nja šinskog vozila iii kompozicije. Da bi se oduprla silama ubrzanja, silama kočenja iii silama frakcije na usponima, železnička stega bi trebalo da poseduje veliku čvrstinu da se odupre longitudinalnim pokretima i pri torne ne bi smela da sa olabavi tokom upotrebe. Da bi se ostvario dugi vek trajanja, ovakva stega bi morala da poseduje osobinu da je u stanju da se odupre zamoru materijala nezavisno od klimatskih krajnosti kojima je izložena i to bez nekih troškova održavanja za vreme njenog trajanja od 20 do 30 godina upotrebe. Ona mora da bude tako koncipirana da bude upotrebljiva na sviin vrstama železničkih pragova i za sve vrste koloseka uključujuči i raskrsnice, skretnice i sl. Istovremeno mora se lako i brzo ugradivati, u slučaju potrebe lako i brzo demontirati i da bude jednostavna u održavanju i jednom postavljena da ne iziskuje praktično održavanje i troškove vezane sa tim. Konačno. mora biti konstruisana tako da se njeno postavljanje može vršiti ručno iii mašinarna za brzo ugradivanje.In addition to the property of elastic fastening, the magnitude of the force exerted by the grip on the rails is also important, pulling it downwards to resist the tendency of the rails to twist and, in particular, d and express on curves and at high speeds in the movement of the rail vehicle or composition. In order to resist the acceleration, braking, and fracture forces on the gradients, the rail linkage should be of high strength to withstand longitudinal movements and should not be weakened during use. In order to achieve a long service life, such a clamp should have the ability to withstand fatigue of the material independently of the climatic extremes to which it is exposed, without some maintenance costs for its duration of 20 to 30 years. It must be designed to be usable on all types of railway sleepers and for all types of tracks, including intersections, junctions and the like. At the same time, it must be easily and quickly installed, easily and quickly disassembled, if necessary, and easy to maintain and once installed so as not to require practical maintenance and associated costs. Finally. it must be designed so that its installation can be done manually or machined for quick installation.

Prvobitno, tehnički problem sa kojim su se suočili pronalazači je bio da posle više desetina miliona železničkih stega proizvedenih i upotrebljenih u više desetina zemalja sveta prema postoječem stanju tehnike, naprave i konstruišu železničku stegu za šine čija bi proizvodnja zadovoljila navedene zahteve i istovremeno bila jeftinija i čija bi težina bila manja, a da pri torne ne dode do umanjenja svojstava za pričvrščivanje i da ne dode do povečanja mogučnosti loma ovih stega tokom njihove upotrebe. Cak sta više, pronadeno je da se upotrebom tanje šipke za izradu stega u vidu spojnice po ovom pronalasku, u poredenju sa stegama napravljenim po dosadašnjem načinu, postignuta povečana sila pričvrščivanja, a da pri torne nije došlo do povečanja mogučnosti loma u poredenju sa. do sada upotrebljavanim.Originally, the technical problem faced by the inventors was that after tens of millions of railroad tracks manufactured and used in dozens of countries around the world, according to the current state of the art, they would construct and construct a railroad rail for the production of which would meet these requirements and at the same time be cheaper and the weight of which would be less without the friction of the fastening properties and the possibility of fracturing of these clamps during their use. Moreover, it has been found that by using a thinner rod to produce a clamp in the form of a coupler of the present invention, compared to the clamps made in the present manner, an increased fixing force was achieved without the friction increasing the possibility of breaking compared to. used so far.

Inače šinske stege ove vrste izraduju se savijanjem šipke od elastičnog materijala — metala ; upotrebljavaju se za pričvrščivanje šine za pragove, betonske temelje, betonske grede itd.Otherwise, rail clamps of this type are made by bending a rod of elastic material - metal; They are used to attach rails for sleepers, concrete foundations, concrete beams, etc.

Poznati su, na primer iz Austrijskog patente br. 298542, železničke šinske stege koja sačinjavs šipka od elastičnog metala, savijcne tako da polazeči od jednog njenog kraja šipke prema drugom kraju, ima prvi dec koji polazi od pomenutog kraja i šipke i predstavlja pravi iii približno pravi krak iii nogu, zatim drugi deo, zatim treči deo, zatim četvrti deo i konačno peti deo koji se završava na drogom kraju pomenute šipke, a koji delovi su takvi da kada se stega nalazi u takvom posebnom položaju da su najdonje tačke na suprotnim krajevima prvoga dela nalaze medusobno u istoj horizontalnoj ravni i da se i najdonje tačke trečeg i petog dela nalaze medusobno u istoj horizontalnoj ravni, a da pomenuti deo polazeči od prvog dela prema trečem delu, poseduje deo koji se uzdiže i koji se nastavlja u deo koji se spusta, pri čemu kada se stega posmatra odozgo, treči i peti deo izgledaju kao da se nalaze na suprotnim stranama od središne ose, prvog dela, a kada se stega posmatra u horizontalnom praven koji je paralelan sa pravom linijom koja prolazi kroz najdonje tačke na suprotnim stranama prvoga dela, pomenuti ulazni deo na drugom delu se može videti kao da je nagnut u odnosu na horizontalu pod uglom koli je manji od 90”.They are known, for example, from Austrian patent no. 298542, a rail rail that is made of an elastic metal rod, bent so that it extends from one end of the rod to the other end, has a first child starting from said end and a rod and representing a straight or approximately straight leg or leg, then a second portion, then the third part, then the fourth part and finally the fifth part ending at the pole end of said bar, which parts are such that when the clamp is in such a special position that the lowest points at opposite ends of the first part are in the same horizontal plane and that that the lowest points of the third and fifth parts are in the same horizontal plane, and that said part, starting from the first part towards the third part, has a portion which rises and continues into a part which descends, whereby when the stack is viewed from above, the third and fifth parts appear to be on opposite sides of the central axis, the first part, and when the stack is viewed in a horizontal straight line parallel to and by a straight line passing through the lowest points on the opposite sides of the first part, the said input part on the second part can be seen to be inclined with respect to the horizontal at an angle of the collius, being less than 90 ”.

Pre nego što je ovaj pronalazak bio zamišljen, desetine miliona ovakvih stega bile su napravljene i upotrebljene u desetinama različitih zemalja, u nekim slučaj evima tokom više od petnaest godina. Prijavioci veruju da su se sve ove stege bile proizvedene sa njihove Strane iii od strane njihovih licenčnih partnera.Before the invention was conceived, tens of millions of such clamps were made and used in dozens of different countries, in some cases over the course of more than fifteen years. Applicants believe that all of these disciplines were produced by their Site or by their licensed partners.

— 39 585 —- 39 585 -

Predmet ovog pronalaska je da napravi ovakve stege manje skupe i lakše.The object of the present invention is to make such clamps less expensive and easier.

U svim slučajevima gde je do sada bila upotrebljavana ovakva stega, a prijavioci to veruju (mada to nije naročito navedeno u patentnom opisu iii nekom drugom dokumentu) a pre nego što je napeta, a kada se stega nalazi u položaju naprec. navedenom: —In all cases where such a clamp has been used so far, and the Applicants believe it (although not specifically stated in the patent description or any other document) before it is strained and when the clamp is in the opposite position. to the above: -

a) Kada se posmatra kao što je to napred navedeno, vidi se da je pomenuti uzlazni deo drugog dela nagnut u odnosu na horizontalu pod uglom koji premaša 50°, u največem broju slučajeva taj ugao dostiže približno 60°, ia) When viewed as above, it can be seen that said rising portion of the second portion is inclined relative to the horizontal at an angle exceeding 50 °, in most cases this angle reaches about 60 °, and

b) Najviša tačka na gornjoi strani drugoga dela je viša od najviše tačke na gomjoj strani četvrtog dela stege.b) The highest point on the upper side of the second section is higher than the highest point on the upper side of the fourth section of the stack.

Prvobitno, stege su bile predvidene da im se treči deo naslanja iii naleze na flanšnu postolja šine bilo neposredno iii preko nekog električnog izolatora, a da peti deo naleže na fiksnu površinu, koja se, posmatrano sa Strane šine, nalazi ispod otvora koji se prostire u svoj oj suštini paralelno sa sinom smeštenim u jednom elementu za ukotljavanje, a kroz koji otvor je umetnut prvi deo stege. Da bi se ostvarilo potpuno tzv. »zaokretanje« stege, tj. promene vertikalnog položaja trečeg dela stege u odnosu na peti deo, kada je stega umetnuta tj. uterana u svoju poziciju, i da bi stega saopštila veliku šilu potiskivanja nadole na sinu, bilo je nužno kako bi se naponi i udari svoli na dozvoljenu žeru, predvideti izvesnu odredenu dužinu metalne šipke izmedu prvog dela stege i njenog trečeg dela koji se naslanja na sinu. Pri torne je prečnik krivine ovog dela stege morao biti suštastveno jednak kako bi se izbeglo da ne nastanu područja sa daleko veeim naponima od prosečnog. Ovakvi zahtevi doveli su do toga da se drugi deo stege uzdisao strmo, ali je ipak i pcred toga deo stege koji je bio izložen največim 'naponima bio njen drugi deo. Ovo je bilo očigledno iz same činjenice da je skoro svaki lom sfcoro svih stega skoro uvek nastajao prilikom ulerivanja stege u radni položaj iii naknadno tokom upotrebe i to na uzlaznom delu drugog dela stege. Istina, u nekim patentnim opisima bilo je objašnjeno da umesto da stege budu umetnute na »pravi način« postoji mogučnost da budu uterane i na »pogrešan način«, tj. sa trečim delom -naslonjenim na fiksnu površinu napred pomenutu, a sa petim delom stege naslojenim na šinu. Tačno je i to da je u izvesnim slučajevima tako bilo postupljeno na železničkom koloseku, na primer kada se navodno ustanovilo da stega ne može da bude uterana na »pravi način« zbog oštečenja na mestima sastava sina različitih dužina, na ukrštanjima iii na mestima isključivanja. Ipak, koliko je to prijaviocima poznato, ni jedna stega sve do ovoga pronalaska nije bila konstruisana da može da bude uterivana na »pogrešan način« na železničkoj pruzi. Prijavioci su to sada uradili.Originally, the clamps were intended to have a third part resting on or attached to the flange base of the rail, either directly or through an electrical insulator, and the fifth part resting on a fixed surface, which, viewed from the Side rail, lies below the opening extending into substantially parallel to the son housed in one anchorage element, through which the first portion of the clamp is inserted through the opening. In order to achieve the full so-called "Turning" the clamp, ie. changes in the vertical position of the third part of the clamp relative to the fifth part when the clamp is inserted, ie. forced into their position, and in order for the clamp to convey a great force of pushing down on the son, it was necessary in order for the voltages and shocks to fall to the permitted pitch, to predict a certain certain length of the metal bar between the first part of the clamp and its third part resting on the son . In the case of the curves, the diameter of the curvature of this part of the clamp had to be substantially equal in order to avoid the occurrence of areas with far higher voltages than the average. Such demands caused the second part of the clamp to rise steeply, but still the part of the clamp that was exposed to the highest stresses was its second part. This was evident from the very fact that almost every fracture of the sfcoro of all the clamps almost always occurred during the plunging of the clamp into working position or subsequently during use on the ascending part of the second part of the clamp. It is true that in some patent descriptions it has been explained that instead of having the clamps inserted in the "right way" there is a possibility that they may be lost in the "wrong way", ie. with the third part - resting on the fixed surface mentioned above, and with the fifth part of the clamp supported on the rail. It is also true that in some cases this was the case on the railway track, for example when it was allegedly found that the clamp could not be lost in the “right way” due to damage at places of composition of sons of different lengths, at crossings or at points of exclusion. However, as far as the applicants are aware, none of the inventions up to the present invention were designed to be "misplaced" on a railway line. Applicants have now done so.

Ovom konstrukcijom predeli velikih naprezanja i napona su mnogo ravnomernije rasporedeni po delu šipke koji se proteze izmedu spoja prvog i drugog dela prema slobodnom kraju petcg dela, usled čega drugi deo može da bude krači od predhodnih i da ima manji poluprečnik krivine. Drugi deo stege ne mora da se uzdiže tako strmo kao što je to bio slučaj sa prethodnim izvedbama, zbog čega je i ranije pomenuti ugao prema ovom pronalasku svuda manji od 45°. Ovo omogučava da se škrati šipka od koje se stega izraduje sa uobičajenih dvadesetak iii više prečnika njene sopstvene debljine, (inače poprečni presek šipke je okrugao), na brojčanu vrednost prema ovom pronalasku manju od osamnaestostruke debljine šipke. Koliko je to prijaviocima poznato do If 76. godine nijedna stega kakva je navedena na pcčetku ovoga opisa, nije bila napravljena od šipke čija bi dužina bila manja od njene osamnaertostruke debljine. Zbog ovoga, ovaj pronala-ak značajno doprinosi uštedama u ceni kostanj,’ i smanjenju težine pojedinačne stege.With this construction, the regions of high stresses and stresses are much more evenly spaced along the part of the bar extending between the joint of the first and second parts towards the free end of the fifth part, whereby the second part may be shorter than the previous ones and have a smaller radius of curvature. The second part of the clamp does not have to rise as steeply as in the previous embodiments, which is why the aforementioned angle according to the invention is still less than 45 °. This makes it possible to shorten the rod made of the usual twenty or more diameters of its own thickness (otherwise the cross-section of the rod is circular) to a numerical value according to the invention less than eighteen times the thickness of the rod. As far as the applicants are aware, up to If 76, none of the clamps mentioned in the beginning of this description were made of a rod whose length would be less than eighteen times its thickness. Because of this, this invention significantly contributes to the savings in the cost of chestnut, 'and the reduction of weight of each clamp.

Kod nostoječih prethodno oblikovanih stega kod kojih se drugi deo uzdizao srazmerno visc-ko, ovaj deo predstavljao je. dovoljno veliku i pogodno postavi jenu metu za čekič kojirn bi zamahi',-ao pružni radnik prilikom utcrivanja stege paralelno sa sinom u njcnu poziciju. Sada medutim, prijavioci su koncipirali ideju da se stege ne uteruju ručno putem čekiča, več da se iste umcču i utiskuju u položaj polugama pokretanim hidrauiičnim uredajem sa klipom i cilindrom postavljenim na šinske, vozilo koje se kreče duž prage. Cinjenica da se drugi deo stege prema ovom prom lasku više ne uzdiže tako visoko kao što je to bio slučaj, sa ranijim stegama, nije neki nedostatak kada se upotrebljavaju ovakvi uredaji i & pa-ati za nabijanje stega shodno ovom pronalasku.In the presence of preformed clamps in which the second part rises relatively high, this part represented. large enough and conveniently set a target for the hammer to swing ', - said the laborer, when pushing the clamp in parallel with his son into his position. Now, however, the notion of the notion is that the clamps should not be manually driven through the hammer, but inserted and pressed into position by levers driven by a hydraulic device with a piston and cylinder mounted on rails, a vehicle that runs along the threshold. The fact that the second part of the clamp does not rise as high as it used to with the earlier clamps, with earlier clamps, is not a disadvantage when using such clamping devices and devices according to the present invention.

Shodno napred izloženom, prema prvom aspektu ovoga pronalaska stegu za pričvrščivanje železničke šine podrazumeva šipka od elastičnog metala, savijena tako da polazeči od jednog njenog kraja prema drugom kraju, ima prvi deo koji polazi od pomenu tog kraja šipke i predstavlja pravi iii približno pravi krak iii nogu, za im drugi deo, zatim treči deo, zatim četvrti deo i konačno ped deo koji se završava na drugom kriiu pomenute šipke, a koji delovi su takvi da kada se stega nalazi u takvom posebnom položaju da su najdonje tačke na suprotnim krajevima prvega dela nalaze medusobno u istoj horizontalnoj ra-mi i da se i najdonje tačke trečeg i petog del? nalaze medusobno u istoj horizontalnoj ravni, a da pomenuti deo polazeči od prvog dela prema trečem delu, poseduje deo koji se uzdiže i koji sc nastavlja u deo koji se spusta, pri čemu kada se stega posmatra odozgo, treči i peti deo izgledaju kao da se nalaze na suprotnim stranama od središne ose prvog dela, a kada se stega posmatra u horizontalnem pravcu koji je paralelan sa pravom tAccording to the foregoing, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a rail rail fastening means a rod of elastic metal, bent so that starting from one end of it to the other end, has a first portion starting from the mention of that end of the bar and is a straight or approximately straight arm iii leg, then the second part, then the third part, then the fourth part and finally the ped part ending on the second cry of the rod, and which parts are such that when the clamp is in such a special position that the lowest points are on opposite ends of the first part are located in the same horizontal frame and that the lowest points of the third and fifth parts are also located? they are located in the same horizontal plane, and having said part starting from the first part towards the third part, it has a part which rises and which continues into a part which descends, whereby when viewed from above, the third and fifth parts appear as if located on opposite sides of the center axis of the first part, and when the stack is viewed in a horizontal direction parallel to the line t

585 — linijom koja prolazi kroz najdonje tačke na suprotnim stranama prvoga dela, pomenuti ulazni deo na. drugom delu se može videti kao da je nagnut u odnosu na horizontalu pod uglom koji je manji od 90°, naznačen time da je uzlazni deo drugog dela kada se posmatra kao što je gore navedeno, može se videti da je nagnut u odnosu na horiznntalu svuda za manje od 45° i da je šipka od koga je stega izradena ima dužinu manju od osamnaestostruke njene debljine.585 - by a line passing through the lowest points on opposite sides of the first part, the said entrance part on. the second part can be seen to be inclined with respect to the horizontal at an angle less than 90 °, characterized in that the ascending portion of the second part when viewed as above can be seen to be inclined with respect to the horizontal everywhere less than 45 ° and that the bar of which the bar is made has a length of less than eighteen times its thickness.

Ovde gore pokrenuta druga horizontalna raVau može biti i niža, jednaka, a što je i najpogodnije i viša od prve ravni.The second horizontal rauau launched above may be lower, equal, and more preferably higher than the first plane.

Poželjno je da šipka ima sopstvenu dužinu kcja je manja od njene sedamnaestostrrke debljine. pogodnije od njene šesnaestostruke debljine, a najbolje od njene petnaestostruke debljine.Preferably, the bar has a length of its own that is less than its seventeen-inch thickness. more suitable than its sixteen-fold thickness, and best of its fifteen-fold thickness.

Uzlazni deo na drugom delu, kada so isti posmatra kao što je napred rečeno, može da bude nagnut u odnosu na horizontalu svuda i manje od 40° ili/i njegov nagib prema horizontali može da iznosi približno 35° skoro celom dužinom.The ascending part of the second part, when viewed from the same as above, may be inclined relative to the horizontal everywhere and less than 40 ° or / and its inclination towards the horizontal may be approximately 35 ° almost the entire length.

Pogodnije je, da kada se stega nalari u navedenem položaju, da je najviša tačka ra gornjoj strani drugoga dela niža od najviše tačke na gornjoj strani eetvrtog dela.It is more appropriate that when the clamp is in the said position, the highest point on the upper side of the second portion is lower than the highest point on the upper side of the fourth portion.

Za izradu stege najpogodnija je šipka ekruglog poprečnog preseka debljine od najmanje 1 eni.A bar with a cross-section of at least 1 ene thickness is best suited for clamp construction.

Takode je pogodno da se na donjoj strani petog dela predvidi ravna površina u napred navedsnom položaju stege, s tim da ova ravna površina ima sopstvenu dužinu veču od jedan i po prta, prvenstveno više od dva puta debljine same šipke.It is also advantageous to provide a flat surface at the underside of the fifth portion in the foregoing position of the clamp, provided that this flat surface has an own length greater than one and a half tabs, preferably more than twice the thickness of the bar itself.

Konačan oblik petog dela se može postiči tako da isti bude poduprt jedniin nosačem sa kojim se nalari u neposrednom kontaktu na dužini vežo j od 1 cm i da se presom potisne nadele dok je erveno užaren.The final shape of the fifth part can be achieved by supporting it with a single support with which it is in direct contact over a length greater than 1 cm and the press is pressed over while it is glowing.

Gornje pojedinosti odnose se na stegu pre njene upotrebe, tj. kada nije napregnuta i nategnuta.The above details apply to the clamp before its use, ie. when it is not strained and taut.

Prema drugom aspektu pronalaska, naprava za pričvrščivanje železničkih šina podrazumeva temelj za šine, sinu postavljenu na temelj izmedu dve projekcije koje se protežu nagore iz temelja i dve stege načinjene prema prvom aspektu ovoga pronalaska, pri čemu svaka stega ima svoj prvi deo u osnovi paralelan sa sinom i koje stege su pridržavane svaka ponaosob jednom od navedenih projekcija, dok se treči iii peti deo stege naslanja i nalaže na flanšnu šinu direktno iii posredstvom jednog električnog izolatora koji naleze na flanšnu — rub šine, pri čemu peti.iii treči deo stege naležu nadole na neku fiksnu nepopustljivu podlogu, koja se, posmatrano sa strane šine, nalazi ispod pomenutog prvog dela, naznačen time da je svaka stega izvedena prema prvom aspektu ovoga pronalaska i da je peti deo stege onaj koji naleganjem na flanšnu šinu istu potiskuje nadole.According to another aspect of the invention, a rail rails fastener means a rail foundation, a son mounted on a foundation between two projections extending upwards from the foundation and two clamps made according to the first aspect of the invention, each clamp having its first portion substantially parallel to son, and which clamps are attached individually to one of the projections, while the third or fifth part of the clamp rests and rests on the flange rail directly or by means of an electrical insulator that fits on the flange - the edge of the rail, the fifth and third parts of the clamp face down to a fixed rigid base, viewed from the side of the rail, below said first part, characterized in that each clamp is made according to the first aspect of the present invention and that the fifth part of the clamp is one that pushes it downwards by resting on the flanged rail.

Primeri su dati u skladu sa pronalaskom i objašnjeni su u daljem tekstu u vezi sa priloženim ertežima, na kojima:The examples are given in accordance with the invention and are explained below with reference to the attached heretes, in which:

Crtež 1 prikazuje izgled sa strane stege za pričvrščivanje železničke šine uzet u pravcu streliee I sa crteža 2,Figure 1 shows a side elevation view of the rail fastening clip taken in the direction of arrow I from Figure 2,

Crtež 2 prikazuje izgled završnog kraja iste stege uzet u pravcu streliee II sa crteža 1,Figure 2 shows the layout of the end end of the same clamp taken in the direction of arrow II of Figure 1,

Crtež 3 prikazuje izgled iste stege u ravni,Figure 3 shows the appearance of the same clamp in a plane,

Crteži 4 do 6 prikazuju izgled jedne druge odgovarajuee železničke .tinske stege na isti način kao što je to prikazano na ertežima od 1 do 3.Figures 4 to 6 show the appearance of each other of the corresponding rail link in the same way as shown in the drawings 1 to 3.

Crtež 7 prikazuje izgled završnog dela naprave za pričvrščivanje železničke šine uključujuči i Stegu sa crteža 1 do 3 koja je prikazana samo isprekidanim črtama.Figure 7 shows the layout of the end of the rail attachment device, including the Clamp of Figures 1 to 3, which is shown only by dashed lines.

Crtež 8 prikazuje izgled sa strane iste naprave ali bez stege iFigure 8 shows a side view of the same device but without clamp and

Crtež 9 prikazuje izgled u ravni iste naprave, ali bez stege.Figure 9 shows the layout in the plane of the same device, but without clamping.

Stega prikazana na ertežima od 1 do 3, izradena je savijanjem elastično* Čelika 28.8 cm dugačkog, kružnog poprečnog preseka čiji prečnik iznosi 2 cm, koja polazeči od kraja A do kraja B ima prvi deo 1 koji polaui od kraja A. dragi deo 2, treči deo 3, četvrti. deo 4 i peti deo 5 koji se završava na kraju B.The clamp shown in the skirting boards 1 to 3 is made by bending elastically * Steel 28.8 cm long, circular cross-section with a diameter of 2 cm, which extends from end A to end B having the first part 1 which extends from end A. dear part 2. third part 3, fourth. part 4 and fifth part 5 ending at end B.

U prikazanem položaju stege, horizontalna ravan D (crtež 2) sadrži najdonje tačke 10 i 11 trečeg i petog dela 3 i 5. a niža horizontalna ravan C sadrži najdonje tačke 14 i 15 suproinib krajeva prvog dela 1 (kao i sve ostale donje tačke koje se prostim duž prvog dela 1 pošto je u. ovom slučaju prvi deo 1 prav, mada bi on mogao da bude i lako savijen, na primer u vidu luka).In the clamp position shown, the horizontal plane D (Figure 2) contains the lowest points 10 and 11 of the third and fifth parts 3 and 5. and the lower horizontal plane C contains the lowest points 14 and 15 of the suprinib ends of the first part 1 (as well as all other lower points that I prostrate along the first part 1 since in this case the first part 1 is straight, though it could also be easily bent, for example in the form of an arch).

Kada se stega posmatra iz horizontalno* pravca (vidi strelicu II) koji je paralelan sa pravom 13 koja prolazi kroz tačke 14 i 15, može se videti da dragi deo 2 ima, polazeči od dela 1 do dela 3, uzlazni deo 2A na koji se nastavlja u silazni deo 2B, pri čemu. je ugao G izmedu uzlaznog dela 2A vodoravne ravni C svuda manji od 40°, a približno 35° na celoj dužini dela 2A. Ni jedan drugi deo stege ne uzvisuje se u vertikalnom pravcu iznad dela 1. Najviša tačka na gornjoj strani dela je niža od najviše tačke na gornjoj strani dela 4, Kada se stega posmatra odozgo u ravni, treči i peti 5 deo stege izgledaju da se nalaze na suprotnim stranama od ose prvog dela 1 i stega izgleda približno kao obmuta slika u ogledalu — 39 slova e. Prikazana stega služi za to da na jednoj strani naleže na donji ravni rub iii donju flanšnu šine. Oblik za drugu odgovarajuču stegu koja bi se uterivala u istom pravcu i koja bi r.alegala na flanšnu sa druge strane šine (ako je takva stega potrebna), prikazan je na crtežima od 4 do 6. Izgled ovakve stege u ravni predstavlja približno oblik slova e. Izuzev ovoga, gornji opis stege sa crteža od 1 do 3, kao i detalji u pogledu uglova, dimenzija i ostalog, odnose se i na stegu prikazanu na crtežima od 4 do 6.When viewed from the horizontal * direction (see arrow II) parallel to the line 13 passing through points 14 and 15, it can be seen that the precious part 2 has, starting from part 1 to part 3, an ascending part 2A to which proceeds to descending portion 2B, whereby. the angle G between the ascending part 2A of horizontal plane C is less than 40 ° everywhere and approximately 35 ° throughout the entire length of part 2A. No other part of the clamp rises vertically above part 1. The highest point on the upper part of the clamp is lower than the highest point on the upper side of part 4, When viewed from above in a straight line, the third and fifth 5 clamps appear to be located on the opposite sides of the axis of the first part 1 and the stack looks approximately like a fuzzy image in the mirror - 39 letters e. The clamp shown is used to support the lower straight edge or lower flanges on one side. A shape for another suitable clamp which would be pulled in the same direction and which would rest on the flanges on the other side of the rail (if such clamp is required) is shown in drawings 4 to 6. The appearance of such a clamp in a plane is approximately the shape of a letter e. Apart from this, the above description of the clip from drawings 1 to 3, as well as details regarding angles, dimensions, etc., also apply to the clip shown in drawings 4 to 6.

Na donjoj strani petog dela 5 stege nalazi se ravna površina 5A koja je dugačka 4.4 cm. Petom. delu 5 se može dati konačan oblik time da bude poduprt jednim nosečim člankom sa kojim se nalazi u neposrednom kontaktu na jednoj odredenoj dužini. uključujuči čelu ravnu površinu 5A. tako da se peti deo 5 stege presuje dok je crveno užaren odgovarajučim alatom toga oblika.On the underside of the fifth part of the 5th clamp is a flat surface 5A that is 4.4 cm long. Fifth. Part 5 can be given a final shape by being supported by a single supporting member with which it is in direct contact at one particular length. including a straight flat surface 5A. so that the fifth part 5 of the clamp is pressed while red is glowing with an appropriate tool of that shape.

Na crtežima 7 do 9, prikazana je ivica — flanšna 21 železničke šine koja leži na gumenom jastuku 22 koji je postavljen na gornju površinu 23A betonskog železničkog praga 23. Na obe strane šine nalaze sa dve slične naprave za držanje šine, mada je to ovde prikazano samo u pogledu leve strane. Ista sadrži jednu stegu koja je napred opisana i koja je prikazana na crtežima od 1 do 3, mada su na slici 7 prikazani samo delovi stege 1, 3, 5 i 5A. Na desnoj strani šine takode se nalazi stega prema crtežima od 1 do 3, ali je uterana iz suprotnog pravca. Po ivici flanšne šine postavljen je izduženi električni izolator 24, koji j c izraden od rastopljenog najlona i čiji poprečni presek ima približno oblik slova L i koji svojim krakom 25 leži na rubu — flanšni železniške šine pošto je potisnut nadole ravnom površinom 5A dela stege 5. Ova ravna površina 5A paralelna je sa gornjom stranom odgovarajučeg dela flanšne — ruba železničke šine koja se nalazi neposredno ispod ovoga. Drugi krak 26 izolatora 24 naleže na bočnu stranu flanšne šine i snabdeven je udubljenjem 30 na njemu.In Figures 7 to 9, the edge - rail 21 of the rail is depicted, which rests on a rubber cushion 22 that is mounted on the upper surface 23A of the concrete rail sill 23. On both sides of the rail there are two similar rail holding devices, although shown here only in view of the left. The same contains one clamp described above and shown in drawings 1 to 3, although only parts of clamps 1, 3, 5 and 5A are shown in Figure 7. On the right side of the rail there is also a clamp according to drawings 1 to 3, but it is driven in the opposite direction. An elongated electrical insulator 24 is formed along the edge of the flange rail, which is made of molten nylon and whose cross-section is approximately L-shaped and which with its arm 25 lies on the edge - the flange of the rail as it is pushed downwards by a flat surface 5A of a portion of clamp 5. This the flat surface 5A is parallel to the upper side of the corresponding portion of the flanges - the edge of the rail just below this. The second arm 26 of the insulator 24 rests on the side of the flange rail and is provided with a recess 30 on it.

Članak za ukotljavanje od livenog gvožda koje se može kovati učvrščen je na pragu i on se sastoji od ravne površine 31 koja leži na gornjoj površini 23A praga, noge 32 koja se proteze nadole u prag, deo bloka 33 koji je u suštini eetvrtast kao što se to vidi na skici i koji se proteze . nagore iz površine 31, konkavne površine 34 na vrhu dela bloka 33 iz šupljinc 35 okruglog poprečnog preseka sa čeljusti 35A u delu bloka 33. Deo 1 šinske stege uieruje se u šupljinu 35 i drži se i biva potiskivan nadole od strane svoda šupljine 35, pri čemu zauzima položaj koji je u svojoj suštini paralelan sa šinom, dok deo 3 šinske stege potiskuje nadole konkavnu površinu 34. Deo bloka 33 leži uudubljenju 30 izolatora 24 tako da' je izolatoru onemogučeno da proklizi duž šine prilikom uterivanja stege u njen radni položaj zahvaljujuci graničniku na delu bloka 33.The forged cast iron member is fixed to the sill and consists of a flat surface 31 lying on the upper surface 23A of the sill, leg 32 extending down into the sill, a portion of block 33 that is substantially square as he sees it in the sketch and which stretches. up from the surface 31, the concave surface 34 at the top of the block portion 33 from the cavities 35 of circular cross-section with the jaws 35A in the block portion 33. The part 1 of the rail clamp enters into the cavity 35 and is held and pushed down by the vault cavity 35, at which occupies a position substantially parallel to the rail, while part 3 of the rail clamp pushes down a concave surface 34. Part of block 33 lies in a recess 30 of the insulator 24 so that the insulator is prevented from sliding along the rail when the clamp is inserted into its working position due to the stop on part of block 33.

585 —585 -

Noga 32 članka za ukotljavanje oblikovana je sa protuberancama 36 koje se prostiru na sve četiri strane i ulivena je u beton tako da je inkorporirana sa njim u jednu celinu pre nego sto so on stegne i stvrdne.The leg 32 of the anchoring article is formed with counter-bores 36 extending on all four sides and is poured into the concrete so that it is incorporated with it before it salt and harden.

Umesto ovakvog načina, stega može da bude utisnuta tako da deo 3 naleže na flanšnu šine neposredno iii preko izolatora 24, a da deo 5 stege naleže na površinu 34.Instead of this method, the clamp can be pressed so that part 3 rests on the flange rails directly or over the insulator 24, and that part 5 of the clamp rests on the surface 34.

Najbolji način za upotrebu ovog pronalaska, ukoliko je to poznalo prijaviocu i pronalazačima je da se upotrebi stega prikazana na crtežima od 1 dc 3 ih stega prikazana na crtežima od 4 de 6, koje su takode vrlo pogodne, koje u oba slučaja svojim delom 5 naležu na gornju površinu flanšne železničke šine, koji sklop je prikazan na crtežima od 7 do 9. Nemoguče je unapred odrediti najpogodniji odnos izmedu njene dužine: debljine upotrebljene šipke za izradu stege, a isto tako ni ugao G, iako bi isti u odnosu na srazmeru izmedu dužine i debljine trebalo da bude manji od 18, a u odnosu na ugao da bude manji od 45s obzirom da optimum odnosa i optimum ugla zavisc. od mnogih faktora kao što su veličina železničke šine, ckolnosti da li je upotrebi jen električni izolator kao što je to prikazano na ertežu 7, priroda temelja na kome je postavljena pn.ga, da Ii su nosači šina drveni, betonski iii celični pragovi, betonski blokovi iii betonske grede t. oje se protežu duž šina itd., zatim od potrebe da se stege zamenjuju sa stegama izradenim po dosadašnjem stanju tehnike i čitav niz drugih ol.olnosti.The best way to use the present invention, if it is known to the applicant and the inventors, is to use the clamps shown in the drawings of 1 dc 3 of the clamps shown in the drawings of 4 de 6, which are also very suitable, which in both cases are imposed by part 5 to the upper surface of the rolling stock rail, which assembly is shown in drawings 7 to 9. It is impossible to determine in advance the most suitable ratio between its length: the thickness of the rod used to make the clamp, and also the angle G, although the same would be relative to the ratio between length and thickness should be less than 18, and in relation to the angle to be less than 45s since the optimum ratio and the optimum angle depend. of many factors such as the size of the rail, whether it is using an electrical insulator as shown in Figure 7, the nature of the pn.ga foundation, whether the rail supports are wooden, concrete or steel sleepers, concrete blocks iii concrete beams t. extending along the rails, etc., then the need to replace the clamps with clamps made according to the state of the art and a whole host of other features.

Napred pomenuti odnos najpovoljniji je kada premaša 12, a ugao G treba da iznosi izmedu 10° do približno 40°.The aforementioned ratio is most advantageous when it exceeds 12 and the angle G should be between 10 ° and about 40 °.

Na opšte iznenadenje st-ručnjaka iz obe oblasti u celom svetu, pa i samih prijavioca, stege izradene po ovom pronalasku koje su clo da nas prodate na desetine miliona u raznim zemljama sveta pokazale su za oko 25% veču šilu držsnja od posteječih, iako su ne samo lakše i tanje, več i manjih dimenzija, a pri torne pogodne da se zbog svog oblika ulažu u. vertikalnim nizcvim i u uredaje za hidraulično nabijanje istih u radne položaje, tako da je potrebno samo nadodavanje utrošenih stega prilikom kontinuiranog rada na njihovom postavljanju na ovaj način.To the general surprise of st-towels from both areas around the world, including the applicants themselves, the staples made in this invention, which were supposed to sell us tens of millions in different countries of the world, showed about 25% greater posture than even though not only lighter and thinner, but smaller in size, and suitable for casting because of their shape. vertically lowered and into the devices for hydraulic compression of the same in working positions, so that only the spent clamps are needed when continuously working on their installation in this way.

Claims

1. Rail rail made of elastic metal rod S bent so that starting from end A to end B there is a first part 1 in the form of straight or almost straight arm 1, which continues in a bend

39 585 - the second part 2 having the ascending part 2A and the descending part 2B, which is connected by the third part 3, the fourth part 4 and ending with the fifth part 5 at the other end B, so that when the lowest points 14, 15 are at opposite ends of the arms 1 are in the same horizontal plane C, then both the lowest points 10 of the third part 3 and the lowest points il the fifth part 5 are in the same horizontal plane D, and when viewed from above the third part 3 and the fifth part 5 are on opposite sides from the axis of arm 1, so that when viewed in a horizontal direction parallel to the straight line 13 passing through the lowest points 14, 15 at opposite ends of arm 1, the ascending portion 2A on the second part 2 relative to the horizontal is at an angle smaller 90 °, characterized in that the third part (3) of the bar (S) rests directly on the rail (21) and the fifth part (5) extending over the arm (1) resides on a fixed surface (34) and that with the shm (21) the parallel arm (1) is inserted into the opening (35) pro where the angle (G) which closes the ascending part (2A) to the horizontal s / ud is less than 45 ° and wherein the length of the bar (3) is less than eighteen times its diameter.

Rail rail clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the third part (3) contacts the rail (21) by means of an electrical insulator (24).

Rail rails according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the fifth part (5) contacts the rail (21) and the third part (3) rests on its fixed side (34) with its underside.

Rail rails according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the fifth part (5) 'is mounted on the rail (21) by means of an electrical insulator (24).

Rail rail as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the flat surface (5A) of the contact lower side of the fifth part (5) of the bar (S) is in contact with the rail (21), wherein the surface length (5A) is one and half the diameter of the spike (S).

Rail rail clamp according to claim 5, characterized in that the flat surface (5A) of the underside of the fifth part (5) of the bar (S) is in contact with the insulator (24).