SI26417A - A gun suppressor with gas splitting - Google Patents

Abstract

A split-gas burst suppressor for a firearm includes: a housing (D) in the form of a tube of arbitrary shape and diameter having a first end and a second end; a mounting attachment (E) mounted on the first end of the housing (D) for attachment to the barrel of the weapon; combustion chamber located closer to the attachment; outlet fitting (G) placed at the other end of the housing (D), wherein the outlet fitting has an opening for the passage of a projectile from the weapon; the inner housing (F) located inside the part of the housing closer to the output connection (G); at least one gas diverter (A, B) installed in said inner housing (F), wherein the gas diverter (A, B) has a cone-shaped body through which a central bore (Aa, Ba) passes, which serves for the passage of the projectile and is adapted to the caliber of the projectile, and on the outer peripheral side it has notches, grooves or spiral channels (Ad, Bd) that redirect and/or inhibit the flow of gases.

Description

EXPLOSION AND FIRE SUPPRESSOR WITH GAS DISTRIBUTION

The field of technology

The invention belongs to the field of firearms and accessories for firearms, more specifically, the invention belongs to the field of suppressors. The present invention relates to a gas-splitting explosion and fire suppressor.

Background of the Invention and Technical Problem

A firearm is any weapon that uses powder gases to propel a projectile from a barrel, as well as propellant gases and liquids that burn the propellant. Every firearm produces a discharge, a sound and a light trail due to the combustion of powder gases, and heats up in the process. These four indirect phenomena cannot be avoided, but some of them can be mitigated to some extent. For this purpose, various flame arresters, detonation suppressors and various shock absorbers are used.

The sound signal or the bang that occurs when firing a firearm is one of the main reasons for the development of different types of suppressors. The intensity of the bang when firing a firearm is usually such that it can permanently damage hearing from the first bang, as long as the person is in the immediate vicinity of the bang and does not have protected ears. Any noise that is loud and lasts for a long time is harmful to human health. In some cases, the intention is to conceal the sound of a firearm solely in order not to give away the shooter's position, or to make it more difficult to trace. Special operations of the army and the police are mainly intended. When shooting indoors, the problem of gunfire is even more pronounced. The light trail is more pronounced in the dark and when shooting with a firearm at night, which can in some cases be fatal for the user of the firearm, as the light can give away the shooter's position, confuse him due to the flash effect, or reduce his vision and thus reduce his ability for a short time fighting.

Suppressors are a device that is placed on the barrel of a weapon or is an integral part of the weapon and serves to reduce the sound that the weapon produces when it is fired, as well as to suppress the flash effect when hot gases leave the barrel of the weapon. The first muffler appeared on the market more than 100 years ago. The reduction of the sound signal and the fire, or the flash, have many advantages both for the user of the firearm with a suppressor, as well as for people and animals located in the immediate vicinity of the shooter.

Dismounting the firearm moves the shooter's gaze away from the target, or redirects it slightly. This negatively affects the accuracy of consecutive shots. The faster the shots follow each other over a period of time, the more important it is that the weapon is controllable. Even when the shooter is shooting at several different targets, or when they are moving, it is important that the time spent on aiming the weapon at the target is as short as possible. The recoil of a firearm equipped with a suppressor is reduced by forces acting in opposite directions. The powder gases, which travel with high force and speed from the barrel to the surroundings, when using the silencer collide with its internal surfaces and thus force the weapon away from the shooter's hands, while the forces acting on the shooter's shoulder or wrist are mostly the result of kinetic the energy of the recoil of the gases from the fired projectile and are transferred to the shooter via the bottom of the sleeve, the lock and other parts of the weapon. When the projectile leaves the weapon, the gases continue to push the bottom of the shell of the fired cartridge for some time until they lose their thrust.

In addition to the above, more and more attention is being paid to the gases that the shooter inhales while firing semi-automatic and automatic weapons equipped with a suppressor or fire suppressor. These gases are proven to be toxic. Namely, it is considered that the more gases that leave the outlet openings or the opening of the silencer, that is, on the opposite side of the one that is attached to the barrel or the barrel attachment, the less gases are received by the user of semi-automatic and automatic firearms through the ejection opening for bullets with a silencer installed bangs or fire extinguishers. An excessive amount of recoil powder gases from the suppressor through the barrel back to the locking mechanism has a bad effect on the operation of semi-automatic and automatic firearms and reduces the life of the weapon.

Any device attached to the barrel of a firearm that limits the escape of gases into the environment, or slows them down, causes a rebound effect of gases and unburned powder particles back into the barrel, and through it through the ejection opening of the sleeve into the shooter's face, or close to the shooter's face, which these gases are then inhaled. This phenomenon cannot be completely eliminated. We know that gunpowder gases come out of the ejection port for bullets in semi-automatic and automatic weapons, even if the weapon is not equipped with a device for suppressing sound, fire, or a fire suppressor.

With different models of silencers on the market, the reflection of gases from the silencer back into the pipe is greater or less, depending on the design of the sound and fire silencer, and this cannot be changed without major interventions in the structure of the silencer.

The technical problem that the present invention solves is the structural design of the muffler, which will have a multipurpose use. It must primarily reduce the sound signal of the firearm to which it is attached, as well as reduce or completely eliminate the light trail that the firearm produces after each shot is fired. At the same time, it must also reduce the removal of firearms. In addition, the muffler must be designed so that the amount of return gases from the muffler back into the pipe is as small as possible.

State of the art

Patent application US2021180902A1 relates to a suppressor for firearms, which consists of a series of guide vanes for diverting propellant gases arranged one behind the other. Some vanes may be oriented clockwise, while other vanes may be oriented counterclockwise. The guide vanes in this case limit the pipe in which they are installed. There are holes in the tube that allow gases to pass into other chambers.

Patent US10619963B2 relates to a suppressor for firearms, which consists of a series of radially distributed tubes with internal obstacles that inhibit the gases as they travel through the tubes, and a spiral core with internal obstacles of various geometric shapes. The pipes must not come into contact with the muffler housing or only touch it at certain points.

Patent US11125523B2 refers to a silencer for firearms, which can also be produced using the 3D printing method. The interior is designed to divide the initial flow of gases into several paths, which are mostly rectangular geometric shapes, but some are semi-circular or circular.

Patent US10753699B2 relates to a damper that includes a primary flow path and a secondary flow path. The primary flow path, which is centrally located in the muffler, consists of several chambers that are separated by flaps. The secondary flow path is represented by the spirals, which are placed on the perimeter of the silencer core. Part of the gases is thus redirected back, through the openings and then into the external spirals, which are limited on the outside by the muffler housing.

Patent US10393463B1 relates to a firearm silencer consisting of internal retarding flow chambers preceded by openings in tubular inserts that allow gases to flow through the silencer core. As the gases travel through the muffler, they change direction of travel and travel through spiral openings in the muffler's tubular inserts. The muffler tightens on the flame arrestor due to the diversion of gases.

Description of the solution to the technical problem

The present invention solves the problems of the silencers described above. The technical problem is solved as defined in the independent claim, while preferred solutions are described in the dependent claims.

The essence of the present invention is the distribution of gases inside the muffler into mutually different flow paths and the possibility of adjusting at least one of the flow paths according to the different needs of the user. The mentioned current paths are made possible by individual parts of the muffler.

The muffler is designed to include:

a tubular housing of any shape and dimension having a first (inlet) end and a second (outlet) end, a mounting attachment located at the first end of the housing for attachment to the barrel of a weapon,

- the combustion chamber, which is located closer to the attachment,

- the outlet fitting is located at the other end of the housing, with the outlet fitting having an opening for the passage of the projectile from the silencer, the inner housing is located inside the part of the housing closer to the outlet fitting,

- at least one gas diverter installed in said inner housing, wherein the gas diverter has a conically shaped body through which passes a central bore that serves for the passage of the projectile and is adapted to the caliber of the projectile, and has notches, grooves or spiral channels on the outer peripheral side, which divert and/or inhibit the flow of gases.

The cone-shaped part of the gas diverter can have two parts of different steepness, through which the gases are directed into one of the streams, and it also has an inhibitory effect on the gases. Preferably, several gas diverters are used, which can differ from each other in terms of the orientation of said notches, grooves or spiral channels, according to the angle at which the notches, grooves or channels are located. The gas diverters are stacked one inside the other in a row and form a path for one of the gas flows on the peripheral side. The sequence of gas diverters is arbitrary and any number of sequence combinations can be used depending on the desired effect. The dimensions of the gas diverter are adapted to the caliber of the projectile and the power of the charges for which the individual silencer model is intended.

If the gas diverters are placed in such a way that a large number of diverters with two different orientations of notches, grooves or channels are arranged alternately, e.g. right orientation, left orientation, right, left..., the inhibitory effect of sound, fire, bang is greater. If diverters with one orientation (e.g. right) and then diverters with the opposite orientation (e.g. left) are stacked in sequence, the inhibitory effect of sound, fire, bang is smaller. If the inhibitory effect is smaller, the displacement increases and vice versa. If the inhibitory effect is smaller, the heating is also smaller and vice versa.

The muffler housing is in the form of a cylindrical tube and connects all the components of the muffler and at the same time represents the combustion chamber on the inlet side. Both the external and internal shape of the housing are arbitrary, and the shape of the tube can be round or multi-angled. The length of the case can be different and is adapted to the individual model or caliber of the firearm. At the inlet and outlet end of the housing, if we take the diameter of the ball's travel through the muffler as a guide, there can be threads that serve to connect the fastening piece or the inner housing. Threads can be left or right. Instead of threads, any other method of attachment can be used, such as welding, brazing, or the pieces are an integral part of the muffler, which can be achieved by 3D printing.

The housing can be made of a variety of different materials, such as high alloy steels, stainless steels, steels with different degrees of carbon, titanium, aluminum, carbon fiber, synthetic materials and the like.

The attachment has:

- a key for attaching to the muffler housing, threads cut on the outer peripheral side, which can be left or right, through which the attachment is connected to the muffler housing,

- on the inside, an initial centering surface for which, if necessary, threads are cut for connection to the fire breaker,

- behind the threads or the centering surface, there is a pointed surface.

The fastening piece can be part of the housing and cannot be separated from the housing, which can be achieved by 3D metal printing, milling, welding, brazing, which means that there is no need for threads to join the housing. Some other fastening methods can be used instead of threads.

Inside the muffler housing is an inner housing, which has on the outside (that is, the one adjacent to the inner surface of the muffler housing) channels for diverting or retarding gases and fire, as well as a retarding spiral and end fixing gas diverters. The inner surface of the inner housing, i.e. the one in contact with the gas diverters, is smooth. The inner housing attaches or connects to the muffler housing as well as the outlet fitting, which prevents the gas diverters located inside the inner housing from falling out. The attachment can be made in any suitable way, but these parts can be made as one part in the case of 3D printing. Due to different models, the inner casing can be different in length or width and can be made of different materials. The inner casing can be protected in various ways, such as various anti-corrosion protections, thermal surface treatments, galvanic protections, and the like.

The outlet nozzle has openings that serve for the passage of the gases of one of the streams, and a bore for guiding the projectile. On the inlet side, an opening passes through the muffler core, which is inserted into the rear gas diverter when the outlet fitting is screwed into the inner housing. The core of the muffler is an internal housing with gas diverters and an outlet fitting. The openings for the passage of gases of one of the streams can be cut at a certain angle, or they can be cut parallel to the axis of the outlet nozzle. The outlet fitting may also have threads or other elements for connection to the inner housing, where welding, soldering, gluing may also be used. The output nozzle can be part of the inner casing, which can be achieved by 3D printing.

In addition, according to the invention, the suppressor can also have a flame arrester, which is attached to the attachment, and the suppressor is then attached to the barrel of the firearm via the flame arrester. The fire breaker serves to radially direct the propellant gases as they exit the barrel of the weapon. The radial redirection of the gases can be oriented both clockwise and counter-clockwise, or the orientation of the radial redirections can be sequentially different or alternating, which depends on the thread on the barrel of the weapon intended for the attachment of a suppressor or a detonator. The radial diversion of the gases forces the gases to rotate in the muffler's combustion chamber.

Firebreaker has:

- the basic body, in which there are grooves and channels that serve to redirect the gases so that they get rotation, openings that are offset at a certain angle from the center of the projectile bore, which is aligned with the barrel of the weapon and the path of the projectile , so that the gases leaving the barrel of the weapon change direction by bouncing off the front wall of the opening and from the grooves and channels for diverting gases, the opening for the free path of the projectile through a flame breaker, which is larger than the projectile traveling through and adapted to the caliber of the projectile,

- threads or other elements for attachment to the barrel of the firearm and to the silencer housing and attachment.

The mentioned openings can be divided into several closing units, levels, or they can only be single-level. One level of openings consists of four openings that are perpendicular to each other. Individual openings can be successively oriented in different directions and at different angles.

With differently oriented gas openings, the torsional forces that are transmitted via the fire breaker to the barrel of the weapon, or that are created in the structure of the fire breaker, are reduced.

Due to the rotation of the gases in the combustion chamber, only these remain in it for a longer time, releasing energy and consequently speed, due to the intertwining of different rotations of the gases. In the event that two rotating units are successively oriented differently from each other, the gases inhibit each other when swirling and lose their power due to the loss of speed. The longer they stay in the combustion chamber, the more time the gases have to burn out, cool down, and thus lose their lighting effect when they leave the muffler.

The silencer according to the invention is adapted to divide the initial inlet gases into the silencer, which come through the flame breaker, or directly from the barrel of the weapon in the case that a screw-on attachment without a flame breaker is used to install the silencer, into several streams. Each current has its own separate path, and in some cases two different currents can interfere with each other.

The first flow of gases passes from the mounting attachment through the combustion chamber and the channels of the inner casing, and in the event that a flame arrester is also attached to the muffler, the flow of gases passes through the channels of the flame arrester, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continue along the channels of the inner casing. Gases from this flow exit through the peripheral openings of the inner casing, which are placed at an angle with a left and/or right orientation and/or are parallel to the axis of the silencer as seen in relation to the path of the projectile through the silencer.

The second flow of gases passes from the mounting attachment through the combustion chamber and the circumferential notches, channels or grooves of the gas diverters, and in the event that a flame breaker is also attached to the muffler, the gas flow passes through the channels of the flame breaker, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continue along the around the perimeter of the gas diverters. Gases leave the muffler through the outlet fitting, namely through its circumferential notches.

The third flow of gases passes from the mounting attachment through the combustion chamber and the conical surfaces of the gas diverters along their interior, and in the event that a flame breaker is also attached to the muffler, the gas flow passes through the channels of the flame breaker, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continues along the conical on the surfaces of the gas diverters and on their interior. Gases from this stream can enter the second stream through the openings in the central part of the gas diverters, or they can leave the muffler through the outlet fitting, namely through the central opening of it.

The silencer is designed with its elements in such a way that it can be assembled as desired, in the most optimal way for the shooter and his needs. In particular, this refers to the sequences of gas diverters, their number, as well as the presence of a flame breaker. The silencer can be disassembled by the user using standard tools that are freely available on the market.

In some versions, however, the silencer can be assembled in such a way that the user cannot disassemble it at will, e.g. if it is made by 3D printing or the elements are connected by welding.

In some designs, however, the user can disassemble only part of the muffler and not part. This is especially so in the case when the output nozzle and the inner housing and/or the housing and the attachment nozzle are made with 3D printing as a single element.

All components of the muffler can be made of the same material or of different materials. The materials used for the production of individual parts can be different metals, their alloys with different types of protection or without protection, as well as some composite material, carbon fibers, etc. Even the same components can be made from the same material, or from several different materials, and they can have different surface treatments, or they can be treated with the same anti-corrosion or heat treatment, or they may not be surface protected with anti-corrosion or heat treatment. All components can be produced using various metal processing methods, casting, injection molding or 3D printing, erosion, forging, etc.

The silencer according to the invention is preferably designed for semi-automatic and automatic firearms, where it is important that the gases produced by the combustion of powder gases do not remain in the silencer longer than it takes to cool down or slow down and burn. However, it can also be used with all other types of firearms, and it can also be installed on weapons that use compressed air or other propellant gas to propel the projectile.

The explosion and fire suppressor with gas separation according to the invention will be described in more detail in the following with the help of an implementation example and pictures showing:

Figure 1 Silencer according to a possible implementation example

Figure 2 Gas redirector according to the implementation example

Figure 3 Combination of gas diverters

Figure 4 Silencer according to a possible embodiment with the internal housing shown in partial section

Figure 5 Side view of a fire breaker

Figure 6 Fire breaker in partial section

Figure 7 Fire breaker in drawing

Figure 8 Fire breaker

As shown, the silencer according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1 is designed to include:

housing D in the form of a tube of any shape and dimension, having a first (inlet) end and a second (outlet) end,

- attachment E fitted at the first end of the housing, flame arrester C fitted through the attachment, the flame arrester being adapted to be attached to the barrel of the weapon, the combustion chamber located closer to the attachment, the exit fitting G fitted at the other end of the housing, at wherein the output nozzle has an opening for guiding the projectile from the weapon,

- an inner housing F placed inside the part of the housing closer to the outlet fitting, a combination of two types of gas diverters A, B placed in said inner housing, each gas diverter A, B having a conically shaped body through which passes a central bore for the passage of the projectile and is adapted to the caliber of the projectile and has notches, grooves or spiral channels on the outer peripheral side that divert and/or inhibit the flow of gases.

Threads are cut on both the inlet and outlet sides of the housing 1, which serve to connect the attachment E to the housing 1, and to connect the housing F to the housing 1. The threads can be left or right. In some cases, any other method of attachment can be used to attach individual parts to the D-body, such as welding, brazing, or the pieces are integral to the muffler, which can be achieved by 3D printing. The length of the case 1 can be different and is adapted to the individual model, caliber and is not binding.

At the first end of the suppressor housing there is a mounting attachment E, into which a fire breaker C is inserted, which is used to attach the suppressor to the barrel of the firearm. The fastening bit has E1 threads cut on the outer peripheral side, which can be left or right, through which the bit is connected to the housing 1. The fastening bit can be attached to the housing D with the help of a standard E2 key, or a custom-made key for the mounting attachment. On the inside, the attachment has an initial centering surface that ensures the axial alignment of the fire breaker C and the attachment E. Threads E3 are cut behind the centering surface for connection to the fire breaker. There is an E4 pointed surface behind the threads, which enables the alignment and tightening of tools without the use of greater force.

Inside the muffler housing 1 there is an inner housing F with diverters or gas and flame retardants, as well as a retarder sleeve F4 and end fixing gas diverters with a thread F3 on the outside and a smooth cylindrical shape on the inner surface. Behind the output diverters F3 on the outside of the cylinder is the hexagon F6, with the help of which housing F is connected to housing 1. Both the external and internal shape of this housing can be of different tubular shapes, the round shape shown in the pictures is not necessary. On the peripheral outlet side of the housing F, there are notches or openings (also called openings) F1, which allow the gases of the first stream to pass freely from the muffler to the surroundings. The reliefs F1 are cut through the threads F3 for fixing the case F with the case 1 and are parallel to each other, and run along the entire peripheral surface, at a certain angle, or they are cut parallel to the axis of the case.

In front of the incised reliefs and the thread for connecting the housing F to the housing 1 is the detent spiral F4, which is oriented to the left in Figure 4, but could also be oriented to the right.

The F4 braking spiral can be longer or shorter, i.e. with a larger or smaller thread pitch, which depends on the desired braking effect.

In front of the retarding spiral, there are F2b gas diverters and they can be equally oriented and at the same angles to each other, or equally oriented at different angles to each other. In front of them are the F2a gas diverters, which differ in their angular orientation from the F2b gas diverters. The F2a gas diverters can be equally oriented to each other and at the same angles, or equally oriented at different angles to each other. On the outlet inner side of the housing F, threads F5 are cut for attaching the outlet fitting G, which prevents the gas diverters A, B from falling out of the muffler. F2a and F2b can also be placed differently in the sequence. They can be as the first in a series on the housing F the diverters F2b, followed by the release rotary surface F2c and then the diverters F2a.

The number of redirectors is arbitrary. Also, the length of the cylindrical part of the F2c is not precisely defined and may vary depending on the caliber of the weapon. Also, the angle of the deflectors can be different and is determined by the caliber and power of the charge.

On the inlet side of the housing F is a narrowing that prevents the gas diverters A, B from falling out.

The gas diverter A is shown in Figure 2, from which the conical shape of the element can be seen, which continues into a cylindrical part, which on the outer peripheral side has notches Ad arranged at an angle or in a spiral and serve to divert or brake the gases, as they collide into the surface area of Ae. A hole Aa runs through the middle for the passage of the projectile, and the conical shape is defined by two surfaces Ab, Ac, which have different slopes. The conical surface of Ab or Bb is at a sharper angle than the conical shape of Ac or Bc. The semicircular opening Af for gas exchange is on the output side of the cylindrical part.

Different combinations and numbers of gas diverters can be installed in the muffler, as shown in Figure 3, where there are gas diverters B at the beginning, and gas diverters A at the second part, which are separated from each other only by the orientation of the circumferential grooves Ad, Bd, which are intended for the diversion of gases. In Figure 1, diverters are arranged alternately A, B, A, B, ... Also, gas diverters B have a bore Ba for the passage of the projectile, surfaces Bb, Bc with different slopes, a semicircular opening Bf m notches Bd for diverting gases. From their surface, the gases are reflected at a certain angle and get a rotational moment, and start rotating around the cylindrical surface Be and Ae. The internal surfaces of the gas deflectors are parallel to the external surfaces, except where the gas deflectors are located, where the internal surface is parallel to the external surface of Ae and Be.

Gas diverters can be stacked in series with differently oriented gas diverters, as shown in Figure 3, or alternatively, gas diverters can be stacked with external gas diverters of the same orientation one after the other, as shown in Figure 1.

Part of the gases that left the barrel of the weapon and are diverted into the flow of gases around the surface of the gas diverters can be influenced by changing the order of the type A and type B gas deflectors, thus achieving less heating of the silencer core, as the gases leave the silencer earlier. However, the reverse can also be achieved if the sequence of gas deflectors is placed in such a way that the retarding effect on the gases is greater. The placement of deflectors oriented in this way is shown in Figure 1, A-B-A-B,... With deflectors placed in this way, the sound intensity at the muffler output is reduced and the retarding effect on the gases is increased, which reduces the light effect.

Two differently oriented gas deflectors with circumferential gas deflectors are deflectors that have the circumferential gas deflectors oriented at angles that can be directed to the right or to the left side, viewed from the axis of the gas deflector. Diverters can also differ from each other in other features. They can be made of different types of materials. The gas diverters can thus all be oriented in the same direction in sequence, but with different angles. So, for example, all gas diverters can be with left gas directions, but at different angles. The same applies to right-oriented gas deflectors. The sequence of orientations of the gas deflectors affects the effectiveness of sound suppression on the side where the projectile leaves the silencer, as well as the detection of a bang at the ejection opening, as well as the visibility of the fire on the exit side of the silencer, as well as the heating of the silencer.

The outlet G has openings or notches (also called openings) G1, which serve for the passage of gases. On the inlet side, as viewed from the ball travel gauge through the silencer core, is a release G4, which, when screwing the outlet fitting into the housing F via threads F5, is inserted into the rear gas diverter An with peripheral gas diverters in series. Reliefs for the passage of gases can be cut at a certain angle, or they can be cut parallel to the axis of the output nozzle. In the event that the releases are cut at an angle, they can be oriented clockwise or counterclockwise. Parallel to the release notches, G2 threads are cut to connect the output nozzle to the housing.

A G3 hole is made for the exit of the projectile through the exit fitting, which is in the form of a hex key of standard dimensions. The shape of the key can be other standard shapes or round, or it can be specially made for the purpose.

A flamethrower with rotary gas diversion is shown in Figures 5 through 8 and serves to radially direct propellant gases as they exit the barrel of the weapon. The radial redirection of the gases can be oriented both clockwise and counter-clockwise, or the orientation of the radial redirections can be successively different or alternating, which depends on the thread on the barrel of the weapon intended for attaching the silencer. The radial diversion of the gases forces the gases to rotate in the muffler's combustion chamber.

The gases traveling through diverters C1 are given a rotation that collides with the gases traveling through diverters C2. Due to the different orientations of the gas diverters, the torsional forces acting on the flame arrester are lower than if all the diverters were oriented in the same direction. The flame arrester is torqued onto the barrel of the weapon with a dedicated standard size C3 wrench. For this purpose, C4 threads are cut inside, at the beginning of the flamethrower, which correspond to the threads on the barrel of the weapon.

On the outer starting side, behind the hexagon, there is a round centering surface C7, which is used to align the flame breaker with the mounting attachment. Behind the centering surface are C8 threads, through which the silencer is connected to the flame arrester. The C8 threads correspond to the threads in the attachment. The conical surface, marked C9, serves to align the silencer with the flame arrester.

A flamethrower with rotary gas diversion can have more or less openings C1, C2, which are offset at a certain angle from the center of the projectile bore, which is aligned with the weapon barrel and projectile path. The apertures are offset relative to the axis of the flame breaker and break in the second part at a certain angle C5. This forces the gases exiting the gun barrel via the flame breaker to change direction by bouncing off the front wall of port C6 and the diverters C5. Openings can be divided into several closing units, levels, or they can be only one-level, as shown in Figure 7. One level of openings consists of four openings that are perpendicular to each other.

Individual openings can be successively oriented in different directions and at different angles, as shown in Figures 7 and 8. Figure 8 shows a cross-section of the second channels, and Figure 7 shows a cross-section of the first channels in order to see the different orientation of the angles of the mentioned channels.

The distance between the flame breaker and the silencer core can be different. In some cases, the flame arrestor may touch or be an integral part of the muffler core, which is not shown. The core of the muffler is an internal housing with gas diverters and an outlet fitting.

Some of the gases are diverted into rotary motion, while the rest of the gases continue their journey through the opening, which is intended for the free path of the projectile through the flame breaker. In the event that two successive rotational reorientations are oriented differently from each other, one of them may be dimensionally larger than the other C1, C2, or vice versa, or they may be dimensionally the same.

With differently oriented gas openings, the torsional forces that are transmitted via the fire breaker to the barrel of the weapon, or that are created in the structure of the fire breaker, are reduced.

The opening for the free path of the projectile through the flame breaker is larger than the projectile traveling through and is adapted to the caliber of the projectile.

Due to the rotation of the gases in the combustion chamber, only these remain in it for a longer time, releasing energy and consequently speed, due to the intertwining of different rotations of the gases. In the event that two rotating units are successively oriented differently from each other, the gases inhibit each other when swirling and lose their power due to the loss of speed. The longer they stay in the combustion chamber, the more time the gases have to burn out, cool down, and thus lose their lighting effect when they leave the muffler.

The muffler splits the flow of gases into three different streams, two of which (second and third) can mix. In general, the currents are as follows:

The first flow of gases passes from the attachment piece through the channels of the flame breaker, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continues its path through the channels of the inner casing, leaving through the peripheral openings of the inner casing.

The second flow of gases passes through the channels of the flame breaker, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continues along the perimeter of the gas diverters. Gases leave the muffler through the outlet fitting, namely through its peripheral openings.

The third flow of gases passes through the channels of the flame breaker, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continues its path along the conical surfaces of the gas diverters and along their interior. Gases from this stream can enter another stream through the openings in the central part of the gas diverters, or they can leave the muffler through the central opening of the outlet nozzle.

Specifically, the first stream is mostly formed by gases that have left the flame breaker through the rotary openings and lost most of their velocity in the process. They are also joined by part of the gases that left the flamethrower through the projectile bore. Part of these gases is diverted by the first gas deflector with circumferential gas diverters, which is located as the first in a series of gas deflectors and is located as an integral part of the muffler core in the housing F, which is cylindrical in shape. The first flow is limited on the outer part by the connecting case D, and on the inner part by the outer wall of the case F, on which there are inhibitors and gas diverters, and the inhibition spiral F4. The inner wall of the first flow is all the surfaces that are not part of the housing D and that are not the inner cylindrical part of the housing F.

On the inlet side of the first stream, there are F2a gas diverters, between them is the release F2d, and behind them are the oppositely oriented gas diverters F2b, and between them are the F2e releases. Between the diverters F2a and F2b is the surface F2c, which is intended to rotate the gases to slow them down and cool them down. Gases traveling past diverters F2a after releasing F2d get a left-hand torque, which makes it difficult for them to pass diverters F2b after releasing F2e, which force the gases into a right-hand torque. As a result, the gases begin to swirl around the F2c surface before traveling past the F2b diverters.

The gases that have passed through the diverters F2b have already cooled and slowed down a bit due to the rotation around the F2c surface, and they again go into rotation on the F2c surface, which in the explanation is another rotational surface for the gases. The gases are thus again retained on the rotating surface F2c, as they have diverters F2a in front of them, which do not allow them to pass freely due to the oppositely oriented diverters, or rather slow them down a bit.

As the last in the series of diverters, the diverter F2b is shown in Figure 4.

When the gases of the second stream cross the last releases in the series of diverters F2a and F2b, they collide with the retarder spiral F4. The stop spiral F4 is designed to prevent the direct flow of the first stream gases through the openings F1. It can be oriented to the left or to the right, which depends on the orientation of the rear diverters. In Figure 4, spiral F4 is oriented counterclockwise, i.e. to the left. It can also be oriented to the right, i.e. clockwise, which depends on the inhibitory effect you want to achieve on the passage of gases. The propellant gases of the first stream force towards the output releases F1 past the retarding spiral F4. Behind the retarding spiral and in front of the F1 releases is a cylindrical surface that serves to swirl and cool the gases on its peripheral side. The longer the gases swirl around it, the cooler they become and the more speed they lose.

The second stream is formed by a part of the gases that have passed through the flame breaker after the release hole for the projectile, as it passes the rotary diversions C1 and C2 of the flame breaker C, slides along the conical surface Bb of the first gas deflector, then over the second conical surface Bc of the first gas deflector in the series . The gases continue their path after the release of Bf past the diverters Bd, where the gases are diverted into rotation around the cylindrical shape Be. Diverters Bd and Ad can be of different angles and different dimensions. Also, the cylindrical surfaces Be and Ae can be of different lengths and diameters. The gases then continue their journey through the release Af, past the diverters Ad and swirl around the cylindrical surface Ae. They are joined by a part of the third flow through the four Be relaxations and together form the second flow. Due to the difference between the angles of the gas diverters Ad and Bd, the gases after passing the diverters Bd must change their direction in order to cross the diverters Ad. Due to the torque imposed on them by the diverters Bd, they swirl around the cylindrical surface Be, cooling and losing speed.

The initial gases that entered the second stream push the stream of gases until it loses its thrust. In the case where the same gas deflectors are stacked in sequence, the gases do not lose their speed when passing individual gas deflectors of the same name, or rather they lose it less because they are always directed in the same direction and therefore the gas swirl is smaller. The second flow is faster in this case. For example, if we sequentially stack all the B gas deflectors and then the A gas deflectors, the gases are forced to change their torque during the transition from the last in the B gas deflector row to the first A deflector in the A row of deflectors.

On the peripheral side, the second flow is limited by the casing 2, and from the inner side it is limited by the outer surfaces of the gas deflectors. The second and third streams are intertwined in some cases. This means that at least one part of the gases from the second flow returns through the release openings Bf or Af in the gas diverters to the third flow and vice versa. In the event that the gas diverters of the same name with the peripheral gas diverters are sequentially all oriented in the same way, a smaller inhibitory effect on the passage of the gases of the second stream is achieved.

The reverse is achieved with sequentially differently named redirectors. The second current passes into the environment by crossing the release slots G1 on the output connector G.

In order to achieve the maximum retarding effect of the gases of the second stream, a deflector is placed as the last in the series of gas deflectors, which is angularly oriented differently from the angle of the release slots G1.

To achieve a smaller retarding effect, a deflector is placed as the last in the series of gas deflectors, which has circumferential diverters that are oriented in the same way as the G1 release slots on the outlet plug are oriented.

The third stream is formed by the gases that, as a rule, have left the bore of the flame breaker and have the narrowest direction and move inside the gas deflectors with circumferential gas diverters and pass through the semicircular openings Bf, and Af, into the second stream and from the second stream into the third stream.

Gases that pass the first bullet hole through the first gas deflector in the array represent the beginning of the third stream. After passing through the bore, they hit the pointed surface Bb, or Ab, of the next gas deflector, depending on the reset sequence of the gas deflectors. Gases sliding along the pointed surface Bb or Ab continue their journey along the pointed surface Bc or Ac. These two surfaces are angularly different. As a rule, the pointed surface Bb, Ab is at a sharper angle than the pointed surface Bc, Ac. Some of the gases are thus diverted via the release of Bf or Af into the second flow, while the remaining gases of the third flow are retained in the hollow interior between two gas deflectors.

Due to the round release for the passage of the projectile on the next gas deflector, the gases pass into the next hollow interior, which is bounded on one side by the second in the series of gas deflectors, and on the other side by the third in the series of gas deflectors. As before, here too the gases slide first on the surface Bb, Ab and then on the surface Bc, Ac.

Part of the gases remains in the space between the two gas deflectors, while part of the gases passes into the second flow again. The process continues until the gases finally leave the spaces between the gas diverters and pass into the exit fitting and pass through the projectile opening, or through the release Af or Bf.

The examples shown are strictly exemplary and non-limiting representations of a possible implementation of the invention. Within the scope of the invention as described herein and defined in the claims, other implementations of the muffler may also be possible, which are clear to a person skilled in the art, which does not limit the essence of the invention as described above and defined in the claims.

Claims (15)

Patent claims 1. Explosion and fire suppressor with gas distribution, characterized in that it includes: - a housing (D) in the form of a tube of any shape and dimension, having a first end and a second end, a mounting attachment (E) located at the first end of the housing (D) for attachment to the barrel of the weapon, a combustion chamber located closer to the attachment attachment, the outlet fitting (G) located at the other end of the housing (D), the outlet fitting having an opening for the passage of the projectile from the weapon, the inner housing (F) located inside the part of the housing closer to the outlet fitting (G), - at least one gas diverter (A, B) installed in said inner casing (F), wherein the gas diverter (A, B) has a conically shaped body through which a central bore (Aa, Ba) passes, which serves for the passage of the projectile and is adapted to the caliber of the projectile, and on the outer peripheral side it has notches, grooves or spiral channels (Ad, Bd) that redirect and/or inhibit the flow of gases. 2. A muffler according to claim 1, which is adapted to divide the initial inlet gases into several streams, wherein the first stream of gases passes from the attachment nozzle through the combustion chamber and the channels of the inner casing, and in the case that a flame arrestor is also attached to the muffler , the flow of gases passes through the channels of the flame breaker, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continues its way through the channels of the inner casing, with the peripheral openings of the inner casing adapted for the exit of gases, the second flow of gases passes from the fixing attachment through the combustion chamber and the circumferential notches, channels or of the grooves of the gas diverters, and the gases then leave the muffler through the circumferential notches of the outlet nozzle; the third flow of gases passes from the mounting attachment through the combustion chamber and the conical surfaces of the gas diverters along their interior, whereby the tide from this flow can enter the second flow through the openings in the central part of the gas diverters, or they can leave the muffler through the central opening of the outlet attachment. 3. A suppressor according to claim 1 or 2, which further includes a fire suppressor (C) which is attached to the mounting attachment (E), and the suppressor is then attached via the fire suppressor (C) to the barrel of the firearm, wherein the fire suppressor ( C) serves for the radial direction of powder gases when they leave the barrel of the weapon, and in which the fire breaker has: - a basic body in which there are grooves and channels (C1, C2) that serve to redirect the gases, so that only- you get a rotation - openings (C1, C2), which are offset at a certain angle from the center of the projectile bore, which is aligned with the weapon barrel and projectile path, so that the gases leaving the weapon barrel change direction by bouncing off the front wall of the opening (C6) and from grooves and channels for diverting gases (C5), - the opening (C3) for the free path of the projectile through the flame breaker, which is larger than the projectile traveling through and adapted to the caliber of the projectile, - threads (C4, C8) or other elements (C9) for attachment to the barrel of the firearm and to the housing (D) of the suppressor and the attachment attachment (E). 4. A muffler according to claim 3, which is adapted to divide the initial inlet gases into several streams, wherein: - the first flow of gases passes through the channels of the flame breaker, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continues its journey through the channels of the inner casing, whereby the peripheral openings of the inner casing are adapted for the exit of gases, - the second flow of gases passes through the channels of the flame breaker, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continues along the perimeter of the gas diverters, with the gases leaving the muffler through the circumferential slots of the outlet nozzle; - the third stream of gases passes through the channels of the flame breaker, which rotate around the combustion chamber and continues its journey along the conical surfaces of the gas diverters and along their interior, whereby the gases from this stream can enter the second stream through the openings in the central part of the gas diverters, or they leave the muffler through the central opening of the outlet fitting. 5. The muffler according to any of the preceding claims, where it has a cone-shaped part of the gas diverter (A, B) can have two different steep parts (Ab, Ac, Bb, Bc), along which the gases are directed into one of the streams, and in addition has an inhibitory effect on gases. 6. Silencer according to any of the preceding claims, which has several gas diverters (A, B), which can differ from each other in the orientation of said notches, grooves or spiral channels (Ad, Bd), according to the angle at which the notches, grooves are located or channels (Ad, Bd), whereby the gas diverters (A, B) are arbitrarily stacked one inside the other in sequence and form a path for one of the gas flows on the peripheral side. 7. Silencer according to claim 6, which has several gas diverters (A, B) having alternately different orientations of notches, grooves or channels (Ad, Bd). 8. Silencer according to claim 6, which has several gas diverters (A, B) whose notches, grooves or channels (Ad, Bd) have the same orientation. 9. Silencer according to claim 6, which has several gas diverters (A, B) arranged so that in one part there are notches, grooves or channels (Ad) with a first orientation, and in the other part there are notches, grooves or channels (Bd) with an orientation opposite to the first. 10. Muffler according to any of the preceding claims, where the housing (D) of the muffler is in the form of a cylindrical tube and connects all the components (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) of the muffler and at the same time represents the combustion chamber on the inlet side , in which the external and internal shape of the housing (D) is arbitrary, and in which threads are cut into the muffler housing, which serve to connect the mounting attachment (E) and the internal housing (C). 11. Muffler according to any of the preceding claims, where the attachment attachment (Ε) has: - Wrench (E2) for fastening to the housing (D) of the muffler, - on the outer peripheral side, cut threads (E1), which can be left or right, through which the attachment (E) is connected to the housing (D) of the muffler, on the inner side, the initial centering surface, for which, if necessary, threads (E3) are cut to connect with the fire breaker (C), - behind the threads or centering surface is a pointed surface (E4). 12. A muffler according to any of the preceding claims, where the inner housing (F) has notches or openings (F1) on the peripheral outlet side that allow gases to pass from the muffler to the surroundings, and on the outside it has channels for redirection (F2a, F2b) or braking of gases and fire and the retarding coil (F4) and the end fixing gas diverters, the internal surface in contact with the gas diverters being smooth. 13. A muffler according to claim 12, wherein the inner housing (F) is attached or connected to the housing (D) of the muffler, as well as to the outlet fitting (G) in any suitable manner, which prevents the gas diverters (A, B) installed inside the inner housing from falling out. housing (F), or these parts are made as a single piece by 3D printing. 14. A silencer according to any of the preceding claims, where the outlet fitting (G) has: - openings (G1) that serve for the passage of gases from one of the flows, which can be cut at a certain angle, or they can be cut parallel to the axis of the outlet fitting, - release (G4), which is inserted into the rear gas diverter (A, B) when screwing the outlet fitting into the inner housing (F), - and a hole (G3) for the passage of the projectile. 15. Silencer according to any of the preceding claims, where the silencer is made of one or a combination of several materials selected from the group in which there are high alloy steels, stainless steels, steels with different levels of carbon, titanium, aluminum, carbon fibers, synthetic materials and the like. wherein the casing and/or inner casing and/or flame arrester and/or gas diverter and/or outlet fitting and/or attachment fitting may be protected in various ways such as various corrosion protections, thermal surface treatments and galvanic protections.