RU2716666C1 - Marking cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition, particularly to marking cartridges intended for training firing. Marking cartridge contains a case with an initiation means, a powder propellant charge and a safety throwable equipment containing a tray with a weak capsule containing a dye substance. Tray is made of elastic material, it is installed in case mouth and has the shape of cylindrical body of rotation with central recess on side of cut of case mouth. Unstable capsule with a coloring substance is installed in the central deepening of the tray. Outer diameter of the tray exceeds inner diameter of case sleeve. Front part of the unstable capsule protrudes from the tray. Outer diameter of unstable capsule exceeds inner diameter of central recess of tray. Throwable cartridge filler can be completely installed inside the case.

EFFECT: higher strength, simplified design and reduced cost of cartridges, higher efficiency of training.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to marking cartridges intended for training firing from various types of weapons, including for training firing of employees of antiterrorist units in conditions that mimic the real conditions of antiterrorist operations.

The marking cartridges contain a sleeve with an initiating means, a propellant propellant charge and safety throwing equipment with a coloring substance placed in a fragile capsule, leaving a distinctive color mark when it hits the target.

Training using marking cartridges involves firing two groups of training participants at each other, followed by analysis of the results of firing at the color marks left at the points of hit of the missile equipment. The use of personal protective equipment in combination with low energy projectile equipment cartridges ensures the safety of training participants and conditions that mimic the real conditions of anti-terrorist operations.

The greatest training efficiency is achieved by using military weapons, which are constantly used by training participants to shoot bullet cartridges. At the same time, the caliber of the weapon used for firing markers must be different from the caliber of the military weapon to exclude the possibility of accidental loading and firing a bullet cartridge. Self-loading weapons, used for firing markers, also require rework to ensure the stable functioning of the reloading mechanism. Alteration of weapons includes the replacement of the barrel. In addition, depending on the weapon model, the shutter, shutter return spring, magazine, and other parts may need to be replaced.

The necessary conditions for high efficiency training are:

- correspondence of the trajectories of projectile equipment of bullet and marking cartridges in the range of firing ranges characteristic of anti-terrorist operations;

- compliance of the accompanying effects of a shot (sound of a shot, recoil of a weapon) when firing bullet and marking cartridges;

- pronounced pain effect when hit missile equipment marking cartridge.

The absence of a pronounced pain effect deprives the training participants of the necessary motivation and reduces the overall effectiveness of the training.

Widespread training cartridges for short-range shooting (Short Range Training Ammunition) manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems (trade name Simunition). One of the most well-known developments is the marking cartridges for short-barreled and long-barreled weapons with the trade name Simunition FX® Marking cartridges, containing a sleeve with an initiation means, powder propellant charge and safety throwing equipment with a coloring substance placed in a fragile capsule.

The principal technical solution in Simunition marking cartridges is safety throwing equipment made in the form of a fragile capsule with a coloring substance installed in the cartridge and having the form of a bullet cartridge bullet. A capsule with a coloring matter is a cap made of a weak polymer material, filled with a semi-liquid water-soluble coloring matter. The open back of the cap is closed by an insertion plug made of a polymer material. An additional decrease in the strength of the capsule is provided by recesses made on the front surface of the cap and passing to its side surface. The design features of the capsule are due to the requirement of opening the capsule and ejecting the coloring matter even when it enters a soft surface at a low speed. When fired, the capsule interacts directly with the barrel of the weapon and provides an obturation of powder gases.

The disadvantages of Simunition marking cartridges are:

- low strength;

- low training efficiency;

- complexity of design and high cost.

The low strength of Simunition marking cartridges is due to the low strength of the capsule with the coloring matter, eliminating the possibility of its strong attachment in the cartridge. Even a slight force applied to the capsule can cause damage or loss of it from the cartridge. This drawback requires particularly careful handling of cartridges and causes a high probability of damage or violation of the integrity of the cartridges when loading weapons into the magazine and discharging, as well as when cartridges are removed from the chamber by weapon mechanisms, bumps and falls.

The low training efficiency when firing Simunition marking cartridges is due to the low power of the propellant propellant charge. The need to maintain the integrity of the fragile capsule during firing requires a significant reduction in the power of the powder propellant charge. The mass of the powder propellant charge in Simunition marking cartridges is many times lower than the mass of the powder propellant charge in bullet cartridges of the corresponding caliber. In some types of Simunition marking cartridges, there is no powder propellant charge, and the initial speed of the missile equipment is provided only by the energy of the initiating means. The low power of the propellant propellant charge causes a low initial velocity and low kinetic energy of the propelled equipment. The low kinetic energy of the missile equipment causes the absence of a pain effect when hit by a person, depriving the participants of the training of the necessary motivation.

The Simunition product catalog contains the technical specifications for the Simunition FX® Marking cartridges [1]:

- revolving marking cartridges of caliber 38/357 with kinetic energy of propelled equipment 2.6-5.5 J;

- pistol marking cartridges of 9 mm caliber with kinetic energy of throwable equipment 3.0-5.6 J;

- 5.56 mm rifle marking cartridges with 4.4 Joule kinetic energy of propelled equipment.

The indicated kinetic energy of propelled equipment should be considered unacceptably low, especially taking into account the use of personal protective equipment by the participants in the training. So, for example, in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law "On Weapons", the kinetic energy of missile equipment when firing from civilian firearms of limited destruction intended for self-defense should not exceed 91 J, and the kinetic energy of missile equipment when firing from official firearms of limited lesions should not exceed 150 J [2].

The low initial speed of missile equipment causes a mismatch between the trajectories of missile equipment of bullet and marking cartridges. The small mass of the propellant propellant charge causes a weak sound of a shot and a weak recoil of the weapon.

The complexity of the design and the high cost of Simunition marking cartridges are due to the small mass of the powder propellant charge and, accordingly, the small volume of powder gases generated during the combustion of the powder propellant charge. The small volume of powder gases does not allow the functioning of the mechanism for reloading self-loading weapons due to the pressure of the powder gases on the bottom of the sleeve or the removal of powder gases. A fundamental technical solution in Simunition marking cartridges intended for firing from self-loading weapons is the use of a shortened sleeve with an additional movable element mounted inside or outside the sleeve. When fired under the influence of powder gases, a displacement of the movable element occurs, accompanied by an increase in the length of the sleeve. Increasing the length of the sleeve provides the shutter with the momentum necessary for the functioning of the reloading mechanism.

The complexity of the design and the high cost of Simunition marking cartridges are also due to the need to protect the fragile capsule from direct exposure to powder gases during firing. Simunition marking cartridges contain an additional element with a gas or small diameter holes, located between the powder propellant charge and fragile capsule. When fired, powder gases leak through the gas outlet, which allows for a smooth increase in the pressure of the powder gases in the space behind the fragile capsule and the integrity of the capsule during firing.

Known training and marking cartridges [3-20], the construction of which implements the fundamental technical solutions used in marking cartridges Simunition. The designs of individual well-known training and marking cartridges use technical solutions that completely or partially eliminate the secondary disadvantages of Simunition marking cartridges, but at the same time additionally complicate the design and increase the cost of cartridges. For example, to prevent breakthrough of powder gases into the gap between the sleeve and the movable element, an annular rubber sealing element is used [7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. To increase the stability of the characteristics of the cartridges, the primary means of initiation, providing displacement of the movable element, and additional means of initiation, providing the initial speed of the missile equipment, as well as elements that actuate the additional means of initiation and safety elements are used [10].

Known revolving marking cartridge containing a sleeve with a means of initiation, a propellant propellant charge and safety throwing equipment with a dye, placed in a fragile capsule [3].

In the well-known revolving marking cartridge, safety throwing equipment is made in the form of a fragile capsule with a dye, mounted in the barrel of the cartridge case and having the form of a bullet cartridge bullet. The mass of the powder propellant charge in the known cartridge is many times reduced in comparison with the mass of the powder propellant charge of bullet cartridges of the corresponding caliber. The propellant propellant charge in the known cartridge may be absent, in this case the initial speed of the missile equipment is provided only due to the energy of the initiating means.

The disadvantages of the known revolving marking cartridge are:

- low strength due to the low strength of the capsule with a coloring matter, excluding the possibility of its strong attachment in the cartridge;

- low training efficiency due to the low power of the propellant propellant charge, low initial speed and low kinetic energy of propelled equipment;

- the impossibility of using a cartridge for firing from self-loading weapons, due to the small mass or lack of powder propellant charge.

Closest to the proposed cartridge is a pistol marking cartridge for firing a weapon with a free bolt, containing a sleeve with a means of initiation, a propellant propellant charge and safety throwing equipment with a coloring substance placed in a fragile capsule [15].

In the known pistol marking cartridge, safety throwing equipment is made in the form of a fragile capsule with a coloring substance mounted in a movable element and having the form of a bullet cartridge bullet. The mass of the powder propellant charge in the known cartridge is many times reduced in comparison with the mass of the powder propellant charge of bullet cartridges of the corresponding caliber.

The disadvantages of the known pistol marking cartridge are:

- low strength due to the low strength of the capsule with a coloring matter, excluding the possibility of its strong attachment in the cartridge;

- low training efficiency due to the low power of the propellant propellant charge, low initial speed and low kinetic energy of propelled equipment;

- the complexity of the design and the high cost due to the use of a shortened sleeve, the presence of additional structural elements that provide the shutter with the pulse necessary for the functioning of the reloading mechanism, and additional structural elements that provide a smooth increase in the pressure of the powder gases in the space behind the fragile capsule and the integrity of the capsule during firing.

Rifle marking cartridges are also known [9, 15], the designs of which are identical to those of the pistol marking cartridge. Known rifle marking cartridges are inherent in all the disadvantages of the known pistol marking cartridge.

The technical problems to be solved in the present invention are to increase the strength of marking cartridges, increase the efficiency of training when firing marking cartridges, simplify the design and reduce the cost of marking cartridges.

These technical tasks are achieved by the fact that in a marking cartridge containing a sleeve with initiation means, a powder propellant charge and safety throwing equipment with a coloring substance placed in an unstable capsule, safety safety throwing equipment is made in the form of a pallet installed in the sleeve of a sleeve made of elastic material and having the shape of a cylindrical body of revolution with a central recess on the cut side of the barrel barrel, with a fragile capsule mounted in the central recess the pallet, and the outer diameter of the pallet exceeds the inner diameter of the barrel muzzle, the front of the fragile capsule protrudes from the pallet, and the outer diameter of the fragile capsule exceeds the inner diameter of the central recess of the pallet.

The indicated technical tasks are also achieved by the fact that the safety propelling equipment is fully installed inside the sleeve.

These technical problems are also achieved by the fact that the mass of the powder propellant charge of the marking cartridge is at least 40% of the mass of the powder propellant charge of the bullet cartridge of the corresponding caliber.

These technical tasks are also achieved by the fact that the pallet is made of rubber.

In FIG. 1 shows a pistol marking cartridge with a throwable equipment partially protruding from the sleeve, with a non-bottle-shaped sleeve, the movement of which in the chamber in the extreme forward position of the cartridge is limited by the end of the chamber.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a pistol marking cartridge with throwable equipment, partially protruding from the sleeve, with a non-bottle-shaped sleeve, the movement of which in the chamber in the extreme forward position of the cartridge is limited by the cone at the end of the chamber.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a pistol marking cartridge with throwable equipment, completely installed inside the sleeve, with an elongated sleeve, the movement of which in the chamber in the extreme forward position of the cartridge is limited by the cone at the end of the chamber.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows a revolving marking cartridge with a throwable equipment, completely installed inside the sleeve, the movement of which in the chamber in the extreme front position of the cartridge is limited by the selection under the flange.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows a rifle marking cartridge with throwable equipment, completely installed inside the sleeve, with an elongated barrel of the sleeve, the movement of which in the chamber in the extreme forward position of the cartridge is limited by the transitional cone of the chamber.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the missile equipment of the marking cartridge with a partially deformed pallet in the cone-shaped barrel bore when fired.

The marking cartridge contains (Fig. 1) a sleeve with initiating means 1, a propellant propellant charge 2, and safety propelled equipment containing a pallet 3 with an unstable capsule 4 with a coloring substance 5 placed in it.

Prior to the shot (Fig. 1 - Fig. 5), the projectile equipment of the cartridge is firmly installed in the sleeve of the sleeve 1. The durable installation of the throwable equipment in the sleeve of the sleeve 1 is achieved by exceeding the outer diameter of the pallet 3 with respect to the internal diameter of the sleeve of the sleeve 1 and the elastic properties of the pallet 3. Durable the installation of the capsule 4 in the central recess of the pallet 3 is provided by the excess of the outer diameter of the capsule 4 with respect to the inner diameter of the central recess of the pallet 3 and the elastic properties of the pallet 3. The elastic properties of the pallet 3 provide Chiva protection means initiating liner 1 and 2 the propellant powder from the effects of environmental factors during storage and transportation of cartridges. The strength of the marking cartridge is ensured by the strong fastening of the pallet 3 in the barrel of the sleeve 1, the strong fastening of the capsule 4 in the central recess of the pallet 3 and the partial protrusion of the capsule 4 from the central recess of the pallet 3 only within the front of the capsule. These technical solutions provide the necessary strength and low likelihood of damage to the marking cartridge when loading weapons into the magazine and discharging, as well as when removing the cartridge from the chamber with weapon mechanisms, bumps and drops. Throwable equipment, fully installed inside the liner (Fig. 3 - Fig. 5), ensures the strength of the marking cartridges in accordance with the highest requirements for the strength of live ammunition.

When fired, the means for initiating the sleeve 1 and the ignition of the propellant propellant charge 2 are triggered. The powder gases generated by the burning of the propellant propellant charge 2 create a pressure pushing the projectile equipment of the cartridge from the cartridge case 1 and the barrel of the weapon. Pallet 3 provides for the obturation of powder gases during firing and the integrity of the fragile capsule 4 with dye 5. The fragile capsule 4 is protected from direct exposure to the powder gases and the channel of the barrel of the weapon with the bottom and walls of the pallet 3. Full protection of the fragile capsule 4 during firing does not impose restrictions to the power of the propellant propellant charge 2. The use of a full-fledged propellant propellant charge 2 ensures the functioning of the mechanism for reloading self-loading weapons due to the pressure of gunpowder exhaust gases to the bottom of the sleeve or removal of powder gases. It must be borne in mind that the mass of the missile equipment of the marking cartridge is significantly lower than the mass of the bullet of the bullet cartridge. In this regard, in order to create the pressure of the powder gases on the bottom of the sleeve, which is necessary for the functioning of the reloading mechanism, in most cases, additional braking of the missile equipment of the marking cartridge when moving along the barrel of the weapon is required. Such braking can be provided, for example, by the conical shape of the barrel of the weapon (Fig. 6). The optimal choice of the parameters of the propellant propellant charge 2 and the shape of the conical part of the barrel of the weapon in combination with the elastic properties of the pallet 3 ensure the functioning of the reloading mechanism of the self-loading weapons, the necessary initial speed of the missile equipment and the necessary kinetic energy of the missile equipment at the firing range characteristic of anti-terrorist operations. The use of a full-fledged propellant propellant charge 2 ensures the correspondence of the trajectories of the projectile equipment of bullet and marking cartridges, and also provides the sound of a shot and the recoil of a weapon, characteristic for firing bullet cartridges.

Thus, the use of a full-fledged propellant propellant charge provides optimal initial speed and kinetic energy of propelled equipment. The optimal kinetic energy of propelled equipment creates the necessary pain effect when hit in a person, providing the necessary motivation for participants in training. The optimal kinetic energy of the missile equipment is a prerequisite for opening the capsule and ejecting dye when it enters a hard and soft surface. The optimal initial speed of the missile equipment ensures the correspondence of the trajectories of the missile equipment of the bullet and marking cartridges. The use of a full-fledged powder propellant charge provides the sound of a shot and the return of a weapon, characteristic of firing bullet cartridges. The combination of these characteristics provides high training efficiency when firing marking cartridges.

The use of a pallet made of an elastic material makes it possible to simplify the design and reduce the cost of marking cartridges by using a standard sleeve, eliminating additional structural elements that provide the shutter with the impulse necessary for the functioning of the reloading mechanism, and additional structural elements that ensure a smooth increase in the pressure of powder gases in the space behind the fragile capsule and the integrity of the capsule when fired. In addition, the use of a pallet made of elastic material allows the use of a single design of cartridges intended for firing from various types of long-barreled and short-barreled, non-self-loading and self-loading weapons.

A necessary condition for the stable functioning of the mechanism for reloading self-loading weapons is a sufficient mass of powder propellant charge. Stable functioning of the mechanism for reloading self-loading weapons with the given characteristics of the missile equipment is achieved by choosing the mass of the powder, the brand of gunpowder and the parameters of the barrel of the weapon. Practice shows that a decrease in the mass of the propellant propellant charge of less than 40% of the mass of the propellant propellant charge of bullet cartridges of the corresponding caliber does not provide the necessary pressure of the powder gases on the bottom of the cartridge case and the necessary volume of powder gases necessary for the stable functioning of the mechanism for reloading self-loading weapons.

Ballistic characteristics and stability of ballistic characteristics of marking cartridges are largely determined by the elastic properties of the pallet and the stability of the elastic properties of the pallet in a wide temperature range. When fired, the pallet undergoes significant deformation both in the axial direction under the influence of powder gases and in the radial direction when passing through the bore of a conical shape. Practice shows that the necessary elastic properties and stability of the elastic properties of the pallet are ensured in the manufacture of the pallet from rubber mixtures intended for the manufacture of rubber products operating in a wide temperature range.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Product Catalog Simunition. Training for the Real World. 2019.

2. The Federal Law "On Weapons" dated 13.12.1996 N 150-ФЗ.

3. United States Patent 5035183. Frangible Nonlethal Projectile.

4. United States Patent 5359937. Reduced energy cartridge.

5. United States Patent 5492063. Reduced energy cartridge.

6. United States Patent 5677505. Reduced energy cartridge.

7. United States Patent 6095051. Self loading gun cartridge.

8. United States Patent 6415718. Training cartridge for a self loading gun.

9. United States Patent 6439123. Training cartridge.

10. United States Patent 6564719. Training cartridge for a self loading gun.

11. United States Patent 6575098. Practice cartridge.

12. United States Patent 7225741. Reduced energy training cartridge for self-loading firearms.

13. United States Patent 7621208. Reduced energy training cartridge for self-loading firearms.

14. United States Patent 7984668. Reduced energy training cartridge for self-loading firearms.

15. United States Patent 8327767. Reduced energy training cartridge for straight blow back operated firearms.

16. United States Patent 8485102. Marking ammunition.

17. United States Patent 8783152. Reduced energy training cartridge for self-loading firearms.

18. United States Patent Application 20100269724. Reduced Energy Cartridge and Method of Making Same.

19. United States Patent Application 20110252999. Marking Ammunition.

20. European patent 1228342. Training cartridge for a self loading gun.

Claims (4)

1. A marking cartridge containing a sleeve with initiating means, a propellant propellant charge and safety throwing equipment with a coloring substance placed in a fragile capsule, characterized in that the safety throwing equipment is made in the form of a pallet mounted in a sleeve of a sleeve made of elastic material and having the shape of a cylindrical body of revolution with a central recess on the cut side of the barrel barrel, with a fragile capsule mounted in the central recess of the pallet, the outer Diameter pallet dulcitol exceeds the inner diameter of the sleeve, the front part of the capsule protrudes from fragile pallet, and the outer diameter of the capsule fragile than the inner diameter of the central recess of the pallet. 2. Marking cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the safety propelled missile equipment is fully installed inside the sleeve. 3. Marking cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass of the powder propellant charge of the marking cartridge is at least 40% of the mass of the powder propellant charge of a bullet cartridge of the corresponding caliber. 4. The marking cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the pallet is made of rubber.

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