RU2208755C1 - Shot noise silencer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment, applicable for manufacture of an effective silencer for weapon using serial cartridges with a supersonic bullet velocity. SUBSTANCE: the silencer consists of two assemblies: a separator and a shell making up a number of successive flow-type chambers. A lock, preventing unscrewing of the shell from the separator and probable free the shell from the separator and probable free play of the silencer, is installed in the separator perpendicular to the axis. To provide a more complete filling of the flow-type chambers with gas and, consequently, a reduction of the temperature of gases at the outlet from the silencer, the central holes in the partitions of the chamber have different diameters increasing as the partitions are moved off from the barrel muzzle end. The silencer is connected to the weapon due to the use of L-shaped bosses on the separator protruding behind the end of the fore-sight bed. EFFECT: prevented appearance of flame at the first and subsequent shots, essentially reduced sound from the muzzle wave, maximum camouflage of the firing position, which makes it possible to use it on sniper's rifles. 7 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of military equipment and is aimed at creating a silencer for the sound of a shot for an existing small weapon, for example, for a 7.62 mm SVD sniper rifle.

 Silencers of the sound of a shot are widely used in small arms, which have a subsonic muzzle velocity of a bullet, because in this case, the maximum effect of stealth of the shot is achieved (for example, a 9-mm silent gun PB, 9-mm automatic gun silent APB [1], etc.). Recently, however, silencers are also used on small arms with a high initial speed, significantly exceeding the speed of sound (2 ... 3 times). In this case, the ballistic wave (the sound from the bullet’s flight) remains and speaks of the fact of the shot, but determining the location of the firing at the ballistic wave “by ear” is a difficult measure, because The ballistic wave propagates from the bullet’s flight path at the Mach angle, and the muzzle wave is practically absent. In this case, only the flames during the shot are unmasked by the firing position. Recently, efforts have been made to exclude and flame when firing a weapon with a silencer (for example, US patent 403445 dated 07/30/82, "Silencer and flame arrester for firearms", in which a perforated metal mesh is used to reduce the temperature of powder gases) handset [2]). However, this type of silencer is used only on the gun. The above indicates that this type of silencer is not very effective both for muffling a muzzle wave and for reducing the flame of a shot with a silencer, because Practice shows that an effective silencer does not create a muzzle flame both at the first and subsequent shots.

 A known design of a silencer for the sound of a shot for a PC machine gun used in a simulator for training in shooting from armored vehicles (RF patent 2089815 dated 03/10/94), consisting of a separator with inclined partitions and central holes in them for the passage of a bullet and with a conical arrester at the exit from the muffler. This solution is selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the following:
- designed to significantly reduce the sound in the dash, i.e. in the back hemisphere from the firing position, it does not exclude ardor during the first and subsequent shots;
- a conical arrester is used to increase the directivity of the sound of the shot, i.e. to reduce sound in the rear hemisphere (dash);
- reducing sound in the front hemisphere requires an increase in the number of silencer chambers and its dimensions;
- the stability of the position of the mid-point of impact (STP) of the next shots when removing and placing the silencer on a weapon depends on the effort of setting the silencer on the weapon.

 The aim of the invention is to minimize the sound of a shot in the front hemisphere from a firing position and to eliminate flaming during both the first and subsequent shots by cartridges with supersonic bullet speed (for example, a shot from a 7.62 mm SVD sniper rifle).

This goal is achieved by the fact that the grooves are made in the casing, and "G" -shaped protrusions are made in the rear part of the separator for interaction with the gun front block and a latch is installed perpendicular to the separator axis with the possibility of interaction with the grooves of the casing, and the diameters of the central holes in the separator baffles are selected taking into account the ratio:
Di≥Dn + A • Li,
where Di is the diameter of the i-th central hole (mm);
Dn- diameter along the bottom of the rifling of the barrel of the weapon (mm);
Li is the distance from the muzzle of the barrel to the corresponding separator baffle (mm);
A≥0.011 is an experimental coefficient of proportionality, eliminating the influence of central holes on the dispersion of shots.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where it is shown: figure 1 - General view of a muffler in section with a flame arrester of a weapon, which is shown by a dashed-dotted line; figure 2 is a view of the rear of the muffler; figure 3 is a section at the place of attachment of the muffler to the weapon (section along BB); figure 4 - scan diameter "A"; 5 is a section along the retainer (section BB); 6 - curves of equal excess sound pressure (isobars) 136.2 dB when fired without a silencer (1) and with a silencer (2) for a muzzle wave; 7 - curves of equal excess sound pressure (isobars) 136.2 dB from a bullet flying along a path (3) for a ballistic wave.

 The shot silencer consists of a separator 1, a casing 2, a retainer 3 and a spring 4. The separator 1 is made welded and contains a base 1a, a rod 6, to which partitions 7, 8, 9 and 10 are welded. In the hole 1b of the base 1a, perpendicular to the axis of the separator 1, a latch 3 is installed with a spring 4 (Fig. 5). At the base 1a, L-shaped protrusions are made (Fig. 4), which extend beyond the block of the front sight 5 of the weapon (dashed lines in Fig. 1). On the basis of 1A and the casing 2 made a threaded connection "E". The casing 2 can be made of either a whole pipe, or be welded, consisting of a sleeve 2a and rolled up from a sheet of pipe 11. On the back of the casing 2 there is a "E" thread and grooves 2b for the retainer 3 located around the circumference of the casing. Diameters (D1, D2, etc.) in partitions 6, 7, etc. separator 1 is made so that with an increase in their distance Li from the muzzle end, the diameters increase in a certain proportion, i.e. D1 <D2 <D3 <D4, etc., i.e.

Di≥Dn + A • Li,
where Di is the diameter of the i-th central hole (mm);
Dn is the diameter of the barrel of the weapon along the bottom of the rifling (mm);
Li is the distance from the muzzle of the barrel to the corresponding separator baffle (mm);
A - experimental coefficient, eliminating the influence of silencer partitions on the accuracy of fire. For short bullets (the ratio of the length of the bullet to the caliber is not more than 1.5) A = 0.011, for long bullets (the ratio of the length of the bullet to the caliber is about 4.5) A = 0.0175.

 Partitions 6, 7, etc. together with the walls of the casing 2 form the flow chamber of the muffler.

 The silencer of the sound of the shot works as follows. To place a silencer on a weapon it is necessary: to slide the base 1a of the separator 1 onto the front sight block 5 of the weapon and turn the entire silencer until the L-shaped grooves of the base 1a stop in the front sight block 5; screw the casing 2 onto the separator 1 so that the casing 2 is tightened against the front of the front sight 5 and the latch 3 is sunk into the groove of the casing 2. When fired, the powder gases flow out of the bore into the flow chambers of the muffler. Given that the diameters Di in the partitions 6, 7, etc. are made minimal, ensuring a normal bullet span, powder gas fills each chamber more fully, i.e. in the chambers, the maximum possible value of its energy is lost (due to loss of speed, heat transfer and turbulization of the gas flow). The above leads to the fact that in the last (output) chamber the temperature of the powder gases is lower than the temperature of their visible glow and the sound pressure from the muzzle wave is significantly reduced. The mass of the silencer of the sound of the shot increases the moment of inertia of the barrel, so the barrel’s vibrations during the shot are reduced, which positively affects the accuracy of single shots. In addition, the muffler in the period of aftereffect of powder gases significantly reduces the path of action of powder gases on the bullet, which also positively affects the accuracy of fire. The latch 3, installed perpendicular to the axis of the muffler and falling into the groove of the casing 2, does not allow the threaded connection “E” of the separator 1 and the casing 2 to be unscrewed, which ensures stable preservation of the position of the mid-point of hit (STP) of the shots during repeated removals and settings of the muffler.

 Experimental studies of accuracy and firing stability confirm that the stability of the battle of the 7.62-mm SVD sniper rifle with multiple removals and settings of the silencer is practically unchanged and is within normal limits, and the accuracy of firing is somewhat improved. The flammability of both the first and subsequent shots when observed from distances of more than 150 m is practically absent. The calculated values of the sound wave for a range of 3 m forward from the weapon, recoil momentum and temperature of the powder gases at the outlet of the silencer are shown in the table.

 The table shows that the variable diameter in the separator baffles more effectively reduces the sound of the shot, the recoil momentum and Li is the distance from the barrel muzzle to the corresponding separator baffle (mm).

 The factor is only a ballistic wave, therefore, determining the place of firing at it presents certain difficulties, especially at long ranges, which is confirmed by experimental studies.

Claims (1)

A silencer of shot sound, consisting of a separator with partitions and central holes for the passage of a bullet and a casing, characterized in that grooves are made in the casing and L-shaped protrusions are made in the rear part of the separator for interaction with the gun’s front block and a latch is installed perpendicular to the separator axis with the possibility of interaction with the grooves of the casing, and the diameter of the Central holes in the walls of the separator is selected taking into account the ratio
Di≥Dn + A • Li,
where Di is the diameter of the i-th central hole, mm;
Dn - diameter along the bottom of the rifling of the barrel of the weapon, mm;
Li is the distance from the muzzle of the barrel to the corresponding separator walls, mm;
A≥0.011 - experimental proportionality coefficient, eliminating the influence of the central holes on the dispersion of shots.

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