SI25285A - Foldable crane - Google Patents

Foldable crane Download PDF

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Publication number
SI25285A
SI25285A SI201600266A SI201600266A SI25285A SI 25285 A SI25285 A SI 25285A SI 201600266 A SI201600266 A SI 201600266A SI 201600266 A SI201600266 A SI 201600266A SI 25285 A SI25285 A SI 25285A
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SI
Slovenia
Prior art keywords
arm
lever element
lifting
crane
lever
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Application number
SI201600266A
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Slovenian (sl)
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SI25285B (en
Inventor
Gril Branko
Jerman Boris
Original Assignee
Tajfun Liv, Proizvodnja In Razvoj D.O.O.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Tajfun Liv, Proizvodnja In Razvoj D.O.O. filed Critical Tajfun Liv, Proizvodnja In Razvoj D.O.O.
Priority to SI201600266A priority Critical patent/SI25285B/en
Priority to HRP20220306TT priority patent/HRP20220306T1/en
Priority to EP17829057.3A priority patent/EP3532424B1/en
Priority to ES17829057T priority patent/ES2905851T3/en
Priority to PL17829057T priority patent/PL3532424T3/en
Priority to PCT/SI2017/000028 priority patent/WO2018080403A1/en
Priority to PT178290573T priority patent/PT3532424T/en
Priority to RS20220253A priority patent/RS63016B1/en
Publication of SI25285A publication Critical patent/SI25285A/en
Publication of SI25285B publication Critical patent/SI25285B/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/54—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with pneumatic or hydraulic motors, e.g. for actuating jib-cranes on tractors
    • B66C23/545—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with pneumatic or hydraulic motors, e.g. for actuating jib-cranes on tractors with arrangements for avoiding dead centre problems during cylinder motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64—Jibs
    • B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
    • B66C23/701—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
    • B66C23/705—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic telescoped by hydraulic jacks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Tumbler Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Predmet izuma je zložljivi žerjav, ki vključuje vrtljivi stolp (12), na katerega je preko točke vpetja (13) vrtljivo vpeta dvižna roka (1), zgibno roko (2), v kateri je lahko nameščena teleskopsko iztegljiva roka (11), pri čemer sta dvižna roka (1) in zgibna roka (3) med sabo na znane načine vrtljivo povezani preko točke vpetja (3), batni hidravlični cilinder (4), ki deluje med dvižno roko (1) in zgibno roko (2), in vzvodni sistem, ki je sestavljen iz prvega vzvodnega elementa (5), ki ima dva konca (5a,5b) in drugega vzvodnega elementa (6), ki ima dva konca (6a, 6b). Prvi vzvodni element (5) in drugi vzvodni element (6) sta med sabo preko svojih prvih koncev (5a) in (6a) na znane načine vrtljivo povezana preko točke vpetja (9). Batni hidravlični cilinder (4) je s svojim koncem (4b) vrtljivo povezan v točko vpetja (9), s svojim koncem (4a) je na znane načine vrtljivo povezan z dvižno roko (1) preko točke vpetja (7). Prvi vzvodni element (5) je s svojim koncem (5b) na znane načine vrtljivo povezan z dvižnoroko (1) preko točke vpetja (8). Drugi vzvodni element (6) je s svojim koncem (6b) na znane načine vrtljivo povezan z zgibno roko (2) preko točke vpetja (10).The object of the invention is a folding crane which includes a swiveling tower (12) to which the lifting arm (1) is rotated via the point of attachment (13), the articulated arm (2) in which the telescopic stretch arm (11) can be mounted, at wherein the lifting arm (1) and the articulated arm (3) are rotatably connected via one another in a known manner via the clamping point (3), the piston hydraulic cylinder (4) operating between the lifting arm (1) and the articulated arm (2), and a lever system consisting of a first lever element (5) having two ends (5a, 5b) and a second lever element (6) having two ends (6a, 6b). The first lever element (5) and the second lever element (6) are rotatably connected via the first end (5a) and (6a) via the mounting point (9) in known ways. The piston hydraulic cylinder (4) is rotatably connected to the clamping point (9) by its end (4b), with its end (4a) in a known manner rotatably connected to the lifting arm (1) via the clamping point (7). The first lever element (5) is by its end (5b) in a known manner rotatably connected to the lifting device (1) via the clamping point (8). The second lever element (6) is in a known manner rotatably connected to the articulated arm (2) by its end (6b) through the clamping point (10).

Description

Zložljivi žerjavFolding crane

Predmet izuma je zložljivi žerjav, prednostno kamionski žerjav, ki vključuje žerjavni podstavek, to je vrtljivi stolp, na katerega je vrtljivo vpeta dvižna roka, ter dvižno in zgibno roko, ki sta med seboj povezani preko vrtljivega vpetja, tako da se gibljeta v isti ravnini. Zgibna roka je lahko v obliki cevi, v kateri je nameščena teleskopska iztegljiva roka. Za pogon gibanja zgibne roke glede na dvižno roko se uporablja hidravlični sistem, ki deluje med dvižno roko in zgibno roko, ki vsebuje vsaj en batni hidravlični cilinder, ki je vpet bočno glede na dvižno in zgibno roko. Prednostno vsebuje žerjav dva batna hidravlična cilindra, ki sta vpeta simetrično glede na vzolžno simetralo rok in bočno glede na dvižno in zgibno roko. Batni hidravlični cilinder je vpet na eni strani na vzvodni sistem, na drugi strani pa neposredno na dvižno roko. V zloženem stanju žerjava tvorijo vrtljivi stolp, dvižna roka in zgibna roka obliko črke Z in sicer se zgibna roka zloži nad dvižno roko.The object of the invention is a folding crane, preferably a crane crane, which includes a crane base, that is, a swivel tower on which the lifting arm is mounted, and a lifting and articulated arm, which are interconnected through a rotating clamp so that they move in the same plane . The articulated arm can be in the form of a tube in which a telescopic extension arm is mounted. A hydraulic system operating between the lifting arm and the articulated arm, containing at least one piston hydraulic cylinder, which is mounted laterally with respect to the lifting and articulated arm, is used to drive the movement of the articulated arm in relation to the lifting arm. Preferably, the crane has two piston hydraulic cylinders, which are symmetrically clamped in relation to the longitudinal symmetry of the arms and laterally in relation to the lifting and articulated arm. The piston hydraulic cylinder is mounted on one side to the lever system, and on the other hand directly to the lifting arm. In the folded state, the crane forms a pivoting tower, a lifting arm and a folding arm in the shape of the letter Z, the folding arm folds over the lifting arm.

Karakteristike žerjava, to je maksimalen delovni doseg in ohranjanje zadostnega momenta oziroma sile za dvig bremena, ko sta dvižna in zgibna roka v raztegnjenem položaju, so omejene z njegovimi dimenzijami. Zaželjeno je, da bi se glede na obstoječe dimenzije žerjavnega podstavka, dvižne in zgibne roke maksimalno povečal horizontalen doseg žerjava in bi ob tem žerjav še vedno imel dovolj momenta oziroma sile za dvig bremena. Zaželjeno je tudi, da se zgibna roka zloži nad dvižno roko, ko je žerjav v zloženem stanju.The characteristics of the crane, that is, the maximum working range and the maintenance of a sufficient torque or load lifting force when the lifting and folding arms are in a stretched position, are limited by its dimensions. It is desirable that, in view of the existing dimensions of the crane base, the lifting and folding arms maximally increase the horizontal range of the crane and, with this, the crane would still have enough torque or load lifting force. It is also desirable that the folding arm folds over the lifting arm when the crane is in a folded state.

Iz stanja tehnike so poznani zložljivi žerjavi, kjer sta dvižna in zgibna roka med sabo vrtljivo povezani in kjer je hidravlični cilinder z enim koncem neposredno vpet na dvižno roko in s svojim drugim koncem neposredno na zgibno roko. Vsi ti žerjavi imajo omejitve glede maksimalnega horizontalnega dosega in omejitve glede zagotavljanja potrebne moči oziroma momenta za dvig bremena, ko je žerjav v najbolj obremenjenem položaju, to je ko je dvižna roka v horizontalnem položaju in se zgibna roka približuje mrtvi točki oziroma je v mrtvi točki. Mrtva točka predstavlja položaj, ko se vzdolžna os hidravličnega cilindra prekrije s točko povezave med dvižno roko in zgibno roko, kar je hkrati tudi najbolj iztegnjen položaj zgibne roke glede na dvižno roko. V najbolj obremenjenem položaju se doseg dvižne in zgibne roke približa svoji maksimalni vrednosti. Batnica hidravličnega cilindra se približa osi vpetja dvižne in zgibne roke, kar ima za posledico, da žerjav v raztegnjenem položaju nima več dovolj moči za dvig bremena. Med vzdolžno osjo batnega hidravličnega cilindra, oziroma njegove batnice, in med osjo vpetja dvižne in zgibne roke mora obstajati določena razdalja, oziroma določen razmik, zato da ima žerjav dovolj sile za dvig bremena. Dolžina te razdalje določa moment oziroma silo žerjava in hkrati posredno tudi maksimalen horizontalen doseg žerjava. Torej, če želimo, da se ohrani dovolj sile za dvig bremena, žerjav v delovnem položaju ne sme doseči mrtve točke, to je, da se dvižna in zgibna roka ne smeta maksimalno raztegniti, kar pomeni, da je doseg žerjava zato manjši. V EP patentu št. 1770050 je opisan zložljivi žerjav, kjer je batni cilinder z enim koncem vpet na dvižno roko in s svojim drugim koncem na zgibno roko. Za enostavno doseganje povečanja maksimalnega horizontalnega dosega žerjava je predlagana rešitev, ki vključuje zgibno roko, ki je oblikovana kot cev, v kateri se uležajeno giblje teleskopska roka, pri čemer se delovno območje zgibne roke za gibanje teleskopske roke razteza vse do zglobne povezave zgibne roke z dvižno roko. Povečan doseg žerjava je tu dosežen s podaljšanjem prostora v zgibni roki, tako da je dolžina teleskopske roke, ki je nameščena v zgibni roki, lahko daljša. V EP patentu št. 2683645 je opisan zložljivi žerjav, kjer zgibna roka vključuje teleskopsko roko za doseganje daljšega dosega delovnega območja žerjava. Za izteg in vpoteg teleskopske roke je uporabljen dodaten hidravlični cilinder 6, kjer je pritditev enega konca hidravličnega cilindra 6 na teleskopsko roko izvedena tako, da je omogočeno dvigovanje težjih bremen ob iztegnjeni teleskopski roki, da ne pride do deformacije. Na sliki 1 je prikazan tudi vzvodni sistem med dvižno in zgibno roko, pri čemer je hidravlični batni cilinder 10 z enim koncem centralno vpet v dvižni roki in ni omogočeno zlagane zgibne roke nad dvižno roko. V EP patentu št. 066567 je opisan zložljivi žerjav, ki razkriva vzvodni sistem med dvižno in zgibno roko, pri čemer vzvodni sistem omogoča zlaganje zgibne roke pod dvižno roko in je lega dvižne roke poševno glede na žerjavni podstavek. Hidravlični batni cilinder je z enim svojim koncem vpet na zgibno roko, z drugim pa preko vzvodnega sistema na dvižno roko, torej se celotna masa hidravličnega batnega cilindra nahaja na zgibni roki. Zgibna roka se lahko zloži le pod dvižno roko.From the prior art, folding cranes are known, wherein the lifting and folding arms are rotatably interconnected and wherein the hydraulic cylinder with one end is directly mounted on the lifting arm and with its second end directly to the articulated arm. All these cranes have limitations in terms of the maximum horizontal range and the limitation of providing the necessary power or torque boosting moment when the crane is in the most loaded position, that is, when the lifting arm is in a horizontal position and the articulated arm approaches the dead point or is in a dead end . The dead point represents the position when the longitudinal axis of the hydraulic cylinder is covered with the point of connection between the lifting arm and the articulated arm, which is at the same time the most extended position of the articulated arm in relation to the lifting arm. In the most stressed position, the reach of the lifting and articulated arm approaches its maximum value. The piston of the hydraulic cylinder approaches the axis of clamping of the lifting and folding arm, which results in the crane in its extended position no longer has enough power to raise the load. There must be a certain distance between the longitudinal axis of the piston hydraulic cylinder and its piston rod and between the axis of the lifting and folding arm mounting, or a certain distance so that the crane has sufficient forces to lift the load. The length of this distance is determined by the moment or force of the crane and at the same time indirectly the maximum horizontal range of the crane. So, in order to maintain sufficient force to raise the load, the crane in the working position must not reach a dead point, that is, the lifting and folding arm must not be stretched to the maximum, which means that the reach of the crane is therefore smaller. In EP Patent No. 1770050, a folding crane is described, wherein the piston cylinder with one end is mounted on the lifting arm and with its second end on the articulated arm. In order to easily achieve an increase in the maximum horizontal range of the crane, a solution is proposed which includes a hinged arm which is formed as a tube in which the telescopic arm moves, with the working area of the folding arm for the movement of the telescopic arm extending up to the articulation of the articulated arm with lifting arm. The increased crane reach is achieved by extending the space in the articulated arm, so that the length of the telescopic arm located in the articulated arm can be longer. In EP Patent No. 2683645 describes a folding crane, where the articulated arm includes a telescopic arm to achieve a longer reach of the crane's working area. An additional hydraulic cylinder 6 is used for extending and retracting the telescopic arm, where the attachment of one end of the hydraulic cylinder 6 to the telescopic arm is carried out in such a way that heavy loads can be lifted when the telescopic arm is extended, in order to avoid deformation. Figure 1 also shows a lever system between the lifting and articulation arm, wherein the hydraulic piston cylinder 10 with one end is centered centrally in the lifting arm and no folded articulated arm is allowed over the lifting arm. In EP Patent No. No. 066567 discloses a folding crane which discloses the lever system between the lifting and articulation arm, wherein the lever system allows folding the articulated arm under the lifting arm and the position of the lifting arm is oblique with respect to the crane base. The hydraulic piston cylinder is clamped on one arm with one end, and the other on the lifting arm via the lever arm, so the entire mass of the hydraulic piston cylinder is located on the articulated arm. The articulated arm can only be folded under the lifting arm.

Navedene pomanjkljivosti so rešene z zložljivim žerjavom po izumu.These defects are solved by a folding crane according to the invention.

Zložljivi žerjav po izumu vključuje vsakemu batnemu hidravličnemu cilindru pripadajoč dodatni vzvodni sistem, ki je sestavljen iz dveh vzvodnih elementov, ki sta s svojimi prvimi konci vrtljivo povezana z batnim hidravličnim cilindrom in hkrati med sabo in je hkrati en vzvodni element s svojim drugim končen vrtljivo povezan z dvižno roko, drug vzvodni element pa je s svojim drugim končen vrtljivo povezan z zgibno roko. Batni hidravlični cilinder je z enim svojim koncem vrtljivo vpet na dvižno roko, na zgibno roko pa je vpet preko vzvodnega sistema. Če žerjav vključuje več kot en batni hidravlični cilinder, prednostno vsebuje žerjav dva batna hidravlična cilindra, sta le-ta pozicionirana simetrično glede na vzdolžno simetralo rok in bočno glede na dvižno in zgibno roko ob vsaki strani žerjava in sta vzvodna sistema med sabo lahko povezana s povezovalnim elementom preko vrtljivega vpetja, ki povezuje oba vzvodna elementa z batnim hidravličnim cilindrom. S tem načinom se zagotovi bolj tog sistem vzvodovja. Lahko pa uporabimo tudi vzvodovje brez medsebojne povezave. S takim načinom vpetja batnega hidravličnega cilindra na dvižno in zgibno roko se še vedno ohrani dovolj velika razdalja oziroma razmik d med vzdolžno osjo batnega hidravličnega cilindra, oziroma njegove batnice, in med osjo vpetja dvižne in zgibne roke, tako da ima žerjav v položaju, ko je delovni doseg sklopa dvižne in zgibne roke največji, še vedno dovolj momenta in je posledično dvigalna moč žerjava v tem položaju še vedno zadostna. Torej žerjav po izumu v svojem delovnem položaju nikoli ne pride v mrtvo točko. Ker je vpetje vzvodnih elementov izvedeno na bočni strani zgibne roke, se s tem dodatno ne omejuje notranjega prostora zgibne roke za sprejem teleskopske roke in se le-ta lahko razteza po celotni notranji dolžini zgibne roke, oziroma je dolžina teleskopske roke omejena le s pozicijo vpetja dvižne in zgibne roke. Dodatno tak način vpetja batnega hidravličnega cilindra na dvižno in zgibno roko omogoča, da se zgibna roka zloži nad dvižno roko in ima žerjav v zloženem položaju obliko črke Z.The folding crane according to the invention includes each additional pivoting lever comprising each lever hydraulic cylinder comprising two lever elements which are rotatably connected to the piston hydraulic cylinder and simultaneously with one of its first ends and is at the same time one lever element with its other final rotatably connected with a lifting arm, and the other lever element is with its other end-rotatably connected to the articulated arm. The piston hydraulic cylinder with one end is rotatably mounted on the lifting arm, and on the articulated arm it is clamped over the lever system. If the crane includes more than one piston hydraulic cylinder, preferably a crane of two piston hydraulic cylinders, they are positioned symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal symmetry of the arms and laterally with respect to the lifting and articulated arm at each side of the crane and the lever systems can be connected to one another connecting element via a swivel clamp connecting both lever elements to the piston hydraulic cylinder. This method ensures a more rigorous leverage system. However, we can also use a lead-in without interconnection. With such a method of mounting the piston hydraulic cylinder on the lifting and articulation arm, a sufficiently large distance or spacing d is maintained between the longitudinal axis of the piston hydraulic cylinder and its piston rod and between the axis of the lifting and folding arm mounting so that the crane is in a position where the working range of the lifting and folding arm assembly is the largest, it is still sufficient for the torque and consequently the lifting power of the crane in this position is still sufficient. Therefore, the crane according to the invention never comes into the deadlock in its working position. Since the mounting of the lever elements is carried out on the side of the folding arm, this does not further limit the inner space of the articulated arm for accommodating the telescopic arm, and it can extend over the entire internal length of the articulated arm, or the length of the telescopic arm is limited only by the clamping position lifting and folding arms. Additionally, such a mounting of the piston hydraulic cylinder on the lifting and articulating arm allows the articulated arm to fold above the lifting arm and the crane in the folded position is in the shape of the letter Z.

Zložljivi žerjav po izumu ima bistveno izboljšano funkcionalnost, saj poveča moment oziroma moč žerjava pri maksimalnem delovnem dosegu žerjava, kar omogoča dvigovanje težjih bremen in dvigovanje bremen višje, oziroma pri dani nosilnosti poveča maksimalen delovni doseg žerjava. Dodatna prednost je, da se zgibna roka lažje dvigne tudi s težjim prijemalom, da pride žerjav iz ali v delovni položaj. Tak način omogoča tudi, da se mrtva točka žerjava, ko se zgibna roka zloži nad dvižno roko, lahko premaga z gravitacijo, to je s samo težo zgibne roke.The folding crane according to the invention has substantially improved functionality as it increases the torque and / or crane power at the crane's maximum working range, which makes it possible to lift heavier loads and raise loads higher, or at a given load capacity, maximizes the maximum working range of the crane. An additional advantage is that the articulated arm can also be easily lifted with a tighter gripper to get the crane from or into a working position. This also makes it possible for a dead crane point when the folding arm folds over the lifting arm can overcome gravity, that is, by the weight of the articulated arm.

Izum bo opisan v nadaljevanju in predstavljen na slikah, ki prikazujejo:The invention will be described below and presented in the figures showing:

Slika 1 - žerjav v zloženem položajuFigure 1 - the crane in the folded position

Slika 2 - sklop dvižne in zgibne roke v delno raztegnjenem položaju v prednostni varianti s straniFigure 2 - assembly of lifting and folding arms in a partially extended position in a preferred variant on the side

Slika 2a - sklop dvižne in zgibne roke v delno raztegnjenem položaju v prednostni varianti - pogled zgorajFigure 2a - the assembly of the lifting and folding arms in a partially extended position in the preferred variant - a view above

Slika 3 - sklop dvižne in zgibne roke v maksimalnem raztegnjenem položaju, to je v maksimalnem delovnem dosegu žerjava, v prednostni varianti s straniFigure 3 - assembly of lifting and folding arms in the maximum stretched position, that is, in the maximum working range of the crane, in the preferred variant on the side

Slika 4 - sklop dvižne in zgibne roke v zloženem položaju s strani.Figure 4 - The assembly of lifting and folding arms in a folded position from the side.

Zložljivi žerjav, ki je prikzan na slikah, vključuje vrtljivi stolp 12, na katerega je preko točke vpetja 13 vrtljivo vpeta dvižna roka 1, zgibno roko 2, v kateri je lahko nameščena teleskopsko iztegljiva roka 11, pri čemer sta dvižna roka 1 in zgibna roka 3 med sabo na znane načine vrtljivo povezani preko točke vpetja 3, batni hidravlični cilinder 4, ki deluje med dvižno roko 1 in zgibno roko 2, in vzvodni sistem, ki je sestavljen iz prvega vzvodnega elementa 5, ki ima dva konca 5a, 5b in drugega vzvodnega elementa 6, ki ima dva konca 6a, 6b. Prvi vzvodni element 5 in drugi vzvodni element 6 sta med sabo preko svojih prvih koncev 5a in 6a na znane načine vrtljivo povezana preko točke vpetja 9. Zgibna roka 2 je centralno vpeta na dvižno roko 2.The folding crane, which is attached to the figures, includes a swivel tower 12 to which the lifting arm 1, the articulated arm 2, in which the telescopic stretch arm 11 can be mounted, via the point of clamping 13, is mounted in which the lifting arm 1 and the articulated arm 3 are rotatably connected in each other via the mounting point 3, the piston hydraulic cylinder 4 operating between the lifting arm 1 and the articulated arm 2 and the lever system consisting of a first lever 5 having two ends 5a, 5b and a second lever element 6 having two ends 6a, 6b. The first lever element 5 and the second lever element 6 are interconnected via the first ends 5a and 6a in known ways through the clamping point 9. The articulated arm 2 is centrally attached to the lifting arm 2.

Batni hidravlični cilinder 4 je s svojim koncem 4b vrtljivo povezan v točko vpetja 9, s svojim koncem 4a je na znane načine vrtljivo povezan z dvižno roko 1 preko točke vpetja 7. Prvi vzvodni element 5 je s svojim koncem 5b na znane načino vrtljivo povezan z dvižno roko 1 preko točke vpetja 8. Drugi vzvodni element 6 je s svojim koncem 6b na znane načine vrtljivo povezan z zgibno roko 2 preko točke vpetja 10. V prednostni izvedbi zložljivi žerjav vsebuje dva batna hidravlična cilindra 4, ki sta pozicionirana simetrično glede na vzdolžno simetralo rok in bočno glede na dvižno 1 in zgibno roko 2 ob vsaki strani žerjava, pri čemer vsak batni hidravličen cilinder 4 vključuje pripadajoč vzvodni sistem. Vzvodna sistema sta med sabo vrtljivo povezana s povezovalnim elementom 14 preko točke vpetja 9, ki povezuje oba vzvodna elementa z batnim hidravličnim cilindrom 4.The piston hydraulic cylinder 4 with its end 4b is rotatably connected to the point of clamping 9, with its end 4a in a known manner rotatably connected to the lifting arm 1 via the clamping point 7. The first lever element 5 is in a known manner rotatably connected with its end 5b lifting arm 1 through the clamping point 8. The second lever element 6 is rotatably connected with its end 6b in a known manner by the articulated arm 2 through the clamping point 10. In a preferred embodiment, the folding crane comprises two piston hydraulic cylinders 4 positioned symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal symmetrical to the arm and laterally with respect to the lifting 1 and the articulated arm 2 at each side of the crane, wherein each piston hydraulic cylinder 4 includes a corresponding lever system. The lever systems are rotatably coupled to each other by the connecting element 14 via the mounting point 9, which connects both the lever elements with the piston hydraulic cylinder 4.

Prvi vzvodni element 5 je daljši od drugega vzvodnega elementa 6. Razmerje dolžin prvega vzvodnega elementa 5 in drugega vzvodnega elementa 6 vplivajo na moč dviganja žerjava in na kinematiko žerjava, torej na minimalen kot a, ki se lahko doseže med dvižno roko 1 in zgibno roko 2, ko je žerjav v skrajni spodnji točki v delovnem položaju, na maksimalen delovni doseg žerjava in na moment žerjava, to je na dolžino razmika d. Za doseganje optimalne kinematike žerjava je dolžina prvega vzvodnega elementa 5 vsaj 2x daljša od dolžine drugega vzvodnega elementa 6, prednostno je dolžina prvega vzvodnega elementa 5 vsaj 3x daljša od dolžine drugega vzvodnega elementa 6.The first lever element 5 is longer than the second lever element 6. The ratio of the lengths of the first lever element 5 and of the second lever element 6 influences the lifting power of the crane and the kinematic of the crane, i.e. the minimum angle a which can be achieved during lifting arm 1 and the articulated arm 2, when the crane is at its extreme bottom point in the working position, at the maximum working range of the crane and at the moment of the crane, that is to the distance of the distance d. To achieve optimum crane kinematics, the length of the first lever element 5 is at least 2x longer than the length of the second lever element 6, preferably the length of the first lever element 5 is at least 3x longer than the length of the second lever element 6.

Razmerja med dolžino batnega cilindra 4 in prvega 5 in drugega vzvodnega elementa 6 določajo tudi razdalje x, y in z. Razdalja x med točko vpetja 3 dvižne roke 1 z zgibno roko 2 in točko vpetja 7 konca 4a hidravličnega batnega cilindra 4 z dvižno roko 1 mora biti večja od razdalje y med točko vpetja 3 dvižne roke 1 z zgibno roko 2 in točko vpetja 10 konca 6b drugega vzvodnega elementa 6 z zgibno roko 2, pri čemer mora biti razdalja z med točko vpetja 3 dvižne roke 1 z zgibno roko 2 in točko vpetja 8 konca 5b prvega vzvodnega elementa 5 z dvižno roko 1 manjša od razdalje x in manjša od razdalje y, prednostno je razdalja z čim manjša.The relationship between the length of the piston cylinder 4 and the first 5 and the second lever element 6 also determine the distances x, y and z. The distance x between the clamping point 3 of the lifting arm 1 with the articulated arm 2 and the clamping point 7 of the end 4a of the hydraulic piston cylinder 4 with the lifting arm 1 must be greater than the distance y between the clamping point 3 of the lifting arm 1 with the articulated arm 2 and the clamping point 10 of the end 6b of the second lever 6 with the articulated arm 2, the distance z between the point of clamp 3 of the lifting arm 1 with the articulated arm 2 and the clamping point 8 of the end 5b of the first lever element 5 with the lifting arm 1 must be smaller than the distance x and smaller than the distance y, preferably the distance is as small as possible.

Točka vpetja 8 konca 5b prvega vzvodnega elementa 5 z dvižno roko 1 in točka vpetja 3 dvižne roke 1 z zgibno roko 2 sta pozicionirani vzdolž dvižne roke 1, pri čemer je točka vpetja 8 glede na točko vpetja 3 pozicionirana bližje vrtljivemu stolpu 12. Točka vpetja 10 konca 6b drugega vzvodnega elementa 6 z zgibno roko 2 je pozicionirana na zgibni roki 2 in je odmaknjena od točke vpetja 3 v smeri proti vpetju bremena.The clamping point 8 of the end 5b of the first lever 5 with the lifting arm 1 and the clamping point 3 of the lifting arm 1 with the articulated arm 2 are positioned along the lifting arm 1, where the clamping point 8 is positioned closer to the rotating tower 12 relative to the clamping point. 12. Clamping point 10 of the end 6b of the second lever element 6 with the articulated arm 2 is positioned on the articulated arm 2 and is offset from the clamping point 3 in the direction of the clamping of the load.

Ker je hidravlični batni cilinder 4 direktno vpet na dvižno roko 1, je s tem praktično njegova celotna masa razporejena na dvižni roki 1, s čimer se dodatno poveča nosilnost žerjava in je dodatno omogočeno dvigovanje težjih bremen.Since the hydraulic piston cylinder 4 is directly mounted on the lifting arm 1, practically its entire mass is arranged on the lifting arm 1, thereby further increasing the crane load and, in addition, increased heavy loads can be increased.

Ko je žerjav v delovnem položaju, se točka vpetja 9, ki povezuje oba vzvodna elementa z batnim hidravličnim cilindrom 4, vedno nahaja pod točko vpetja 10 konca 6b drugega vzvodnega elementa 6 z zgibno roko 2. Na ta način se še dodatno poveča maksimalen delovni doseg žerjava oziroma ima žerjav pri maksimalnem delovnem dosegu večjo nosilnost, saj žerjav pri svojem maksimalnem delovnem dosegu ne doseže mrtve točke. Ko je žerjav v zloženem položaju, se točka vpetja 9 vedno nahaja nad točko vpetja 10. S tem je omogočeno, da se zgibna roka 2 zloži na dvižno 1 roko in ima žerjav v zloženem položaju obliko črke Z.When the crane is in working position, the point of the clamp 9 connecting both the lever elements to the piston hydraulic cylinder 4 is always located below the point of the clamp 10 of the end 6b of the second lever element 6 with the articulated arm 2. In this way, the maximum working range crane or has a crane at maximum working range, since the crane does not reach a dead end at its maximum working range. When the crane is in a folded position, the point of the clamp 9 is always located above the clamping point 10. This allows the articulated arm 2 to be folded to the lifting arm 1 and the crane has a Z shape in the folded position.

Claims (6)

Patentni zahtevkiPatent claims 1. Zložljivi žerjav, prednostno kamionski žerjav, ki vključuje vrtljivi stolp (12), na katerega je preko točke vpetja (13) vrtljivo vpeta dvižna roka (1), ter dvižno (1) in zgibno roko (2), ki sta med sabo vrtljivo povezani preko točke vpetja (3) in hidravlični sistem, ki deluje med dvižno roko (1) in zgibno roko (2) in ki vsebuje vsaj en batni hidravlični cilinder (4), ki je vpet bočno glede na dvižno (1) in zgibno roko (2), označen s tem, da dodatno vključuje vsakemu batnemu hidravličnemu cilindru (4) pripadajoč dodatni vzvodni sistem, ki je sestavljen iz prvega vzvodnega elementa (5), ki ima dva konca (5a, 5b) in drugega vzvodnega elementa (6), ki ima dva konca (6a, 6b) in sta prvi vzvodni element (5) in drugi vzvodni element (6) med sabo preko svojih prvih koncev (5a) in (6a) vrtljivo povezana preko točke vpetja (9) in je prvi vzvodni element (5) s svojim koncem (5b) vrtljivo povezan z dvižno roko (1) preko točke vpetja (8) in je drugi vzvodni element (6) s svojim koncem (6b) vrtljivo povezan z zgibno roko (2) preko točke vpetja (10) in je batni hidravlični cilinder (4) z enim koncem vrtljivo povezan v točki vpetja (9) s koncema (5a, 6a) prvega (5) in drugega vzvodnega elementa (6), z drugim koncem pa je batni cilinder (4) vrtljivo povezan z dvižno roko (1) preko točke vpetja (7) in je zgibna roka (2) centralno vpeta na dvižno roko (1).A folding crane, preferably a truck crane, which includes a pivoting tower (12) to which the lifting arm (1) is rotated via the point of attachment (13), and the lift (1) and the articulated arm (2) which are interconnected (3) and a hydraulic system operating between the lifting arm (1) and the articulated arm (2) and which comprises at least one piston hydraulic cylinder (4) which is sideways in relation to the lifting (1) and articulated a hand (2), characterized in that it additionally includes an additional lever system comprised of a first lever element (5) having two ends (5a, 5b) and a second lever element (6) in addition to each piston hydraulic cylinder (4) ) having two ends (6a, 6b) and the first lever element (5) and the second lever element (6) are interconnected via the first end (5a) and (6a) via the point of the clamp (9) and is first the lever element (5) with its end (5b) is rotatably connected to the lifting arm (1) via the clamping point (8), and the second lever element (6) with its (6b) is rotatably connected to the articulated arm (2) via the clamping point (10) and the piston-type hydraulic cylinder (4) is rotatably connected at the point of the clamp (9) from the ends (5a, 6a) of the first (5) and of the second lever element (6), and with the other end the piston cylinder (4) is rotatably connected to the lifting arm (1) via the clamping point (7), and the folding arm (2) is centrally attached to the lifting arm (1). 2. Zložljivi žerjav po zahtevku 1, označen s tem, da vsebuje dva batna hidravlična cilindra (4), ki sta pozicionirana simetrično glede na vzdolžno simetralo dvižne (1) in zgibne roke (2) in bočno glede na dvižno (1) in zgibno roko (2) ob vsaki strani žerjava, pri čemer vsak batni hidravličen cilinder (4) vključuje pripadajoč vzvodni sistem in sta vzvodna sistema med sabo povezana s povezovalnim elementom (14) preko vrtljivega vpetja (9), ki povezuje oba vzvodna elementa z batnim hidravličnim cilindrom (4).A folding crane according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two piston hydraulic cylinders (4) positioned symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal symmetry of the lifting (1) and articulated arms (2) and laterally in relation to the lifting (1) and articulated (2) on each side of the crane, wherein each piston hydraulic cylinder (4) includes an associated lever system and the lever systems are connected to one another by means of a connecting element (14) via a swiveling attachment (9) connecting both lever elements to the piston hydraulic cylinder (4). 3. Zložljivi žerjav po zahtevkih 1 in 2, označen s tem, da je dolžina prvega vzvodnega elementa (5) daljša od dolžine drugega vzvodnega elementa (6), prednostno je dolžina prvega vzvodnega elementa (5) od vsaj 2x daljša od dolžine drugega vzvodnega elementa (6), še bolj prednostno je dolžina prvega vzvodnega elementa (5) vsaj 3x daljša od dolžine drugega vzvodnega elementa (6).A folding crane according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the length of the first lever element (5) is longer than the length of the second lever element (6), preferably the length of the first lever element (5) of at least 2x longer than the length of the second lever element (6), even more preferably, the length of the first lever element (5) is at least 3 times longer than the length of the second lever element (6). 4. Zložljivi žerjav po zahtevkih od 1 do 3, označen s tem, da se točka vpetja (9), ki povezuje oba vzvodna elementa z batnim hidravličnim cilindrom (4), nahaja pod točko vpetja (10) konca (6b) drugega vzvodnega elementa (6) z zgibno roko (2), ko je žerjav v delovnem položaju, in se točka vpetja (9) nahaja nad točko vpetja (10), ko je žerjav v zloženem položaju.A folding crane according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the point of the clamp (9) connecting the two lever elements with the piston hydraulic cylinder (4) is located below the point of the clamping (10) of the end (6b) of the second lever element (6) with the articulated arm (2) when the crane is in the working position, and the clamping point (9) is located above the clamping point (10) when the crane is in a folded position. 5. Zložljivi žerjav po zahtevkih 1 do 4, označen s tem, da je razdalja (x) med točko vpetja (3) dvižne roke (1) z zgibno roko (2) in točko vpetja (7) konca (4a) hidravličnega batnega cilindra (4) z dvižno roko (1) večja od razdalje (y) med točko vpetja (3) dvižne roke (1) z zgibno roko (2) in točko vpetja (10) konca (6b) drugega vzvodnega elementa (6) z zgibno roko (2), in je razdalja (z) med točko vpetja (3) dvižne roke (1) z zgibno roko (2) in točko vpetja (8) konca (5b) prvega vzvodnega elementa (5) z dvižno roko (1) manjša od razdalje (x) in manjša od razdalje (y).A folding crane according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the distance (x) between the clamping point (3) of the lifting arm (1) with the articulated arm (2) and the clamping point (7) of the end (4a) of the hydraulic piston cylinder (6) of the second lever element (6) with the articulated arm (1) with the lifting arm (1) is greater than the distance (y) between the clamping point (3) (5) of the first lever element (5) with the lifting arm (1) and the point (8b) of the end (5b) of the lever arm (1) less than the distance (x) and less than the distance (y). 6. Zložljivi žerjav po zahtevkih 1 do 5, označen s tem, da se zgibna roka (2) zloži nad dvižno roko (1) in ima žerjav v zloženem položaju obliko črke Z.Folding crane according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the folding arm (2) is folded over the lifting arm (1) and the crane in the folded position is in the form of a Z-letter.
SI201600266A 2016-10-25 2016-10-25 Foldable crane SI25285B (en)

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EP17829057.3A EP3532424B1 (en) 2016-10-25 2017-09-25 Foldable crane
ES17829057T ES2905851T3 (en) 2016-10-25 2017-09-25 folding crane
PL17829057T PL3532424T3 (en) 2016-10-25 2017-09-25 Foldable crane
PCT/SI2017/000028 WO2018080403A1 (en) 2016-10-25 2017-09-25 Foldable crane
PT178290573T PT3532424T (en) 2016-10-25 2017-09-25 Foldable crane
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AT508171A1 (en) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-15 Epsilon Kran Gmbh CRANE WITH TOTPOT TURNING
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