SI24501A - Binder for free flowing material and method of binder use - Google Patents
Binder for free flowing material and method of binder use Download PDFInfo
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- SI24501A SI24501A SI201300344A SI201300344A SI24501A SI 24501 A SI24501 A SI 24501A SI 201300344 A SI201300344 A SI 201300344A SI 201300344 A SI201300344 A SI 201300344A SI 24501 A SI24501 A SI 24501A
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- Prior art keywords
- compacting
- binder
- bulk material
- water glass
- bulk
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/243—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders inorganic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
- B22C1/183—Sols, colloids or hydroxide gels
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Predmet izuma sta vezivo za kompaktiranje sipkega materiala in postopek uporabe veziva in rešujeta tehnične probleme kompaktiranja in peletiranja sipkih materialov, zmanjšanja razmerja zunanje površine materiala glede na volumen materiala, enakomernega mešanja dodatkov v raztopljenih kovinah ali kovinskih zmeseh in dodajanja dodatkov raztopljenim kovinam ali kovinskim zmesem. Vezivo za kompaktiranje sipkega materiala je na bazi vodnega stekla. Navedeni tehnični problemi se rešujejo na način, da se skompaktiranjem ali peletiranjem poviša specifična gostota materiala in hkrati s povečanjem specifične gostote materiala se zmanjša tudi razmerje volumna in zunanje površine kompaktiranega materiala. Pri dodajanju sipkega materiala raztopljenim kovinam se sipek material zaradi visokih viskoznih sil raztopljene kovine težko potopi, zaradi česar ostane na gladini in se v raztopljeni kovini ne razmeša. Kompaktiranje dodajnega materiala zagotavlja, da se dodajni material v tekočem kovinskem materialu potopi inse zaradi gibanja raztopljene kovine raztopi in po njej enakomerno porazdeli. Za potrebe izuma je posebej primerna uporaba vodnega stekla kot vezivne sredstva z vrednostjo modula od 2,3 - 2,8. V sipek material se doda vodno steklo, nakar se mešanica sipkega materiala in vodnega stekla kompaktira, pri čemer je kompaktiranje možno doseči na različne načine, kot na primer s stiskanjem materiala ali z vibriranjem. Po kompaktiranju se iz kompaktiranca odstrani vlaga.The subject of the invention is a binder for compacting bulk material and a process for the use of a binder, and solve technical problems of compacting and pelleting bulk materials, reducing the ratio of the outer surface of the material to the volume of the material, uniform mixing of additives in dissolved metals or metal mixtures and adding additives to dissolved metals or metal mixtures. The binder for compacting bulk material is based on water glass. These technical problems are solved in such a way that the specific density of the material increases with the scomputation or pelletization, while at the same time increasing the specific density of the material, the ratio of the volume and the external surface of the compacted material also decreases. When adding bulk material to dissolved metals, due to the high viscous forces of the dissolved material, the bulk material is difficult to sink, which keeps it on the surface and does not mix in the dissolved metal. Compaction of the feed material ensures that the additional material in the liquid metallic material is sinked and, due to the motion of the dissolved metal, it dissolves and distributes evenly after it. For the purposes of the invention, the use of aqueous glass as a binding agent with a modular value of 2.3-2.8 is particularly suitable. Aqueous glass is added to the bulk material, whereupon the mixture of bulk material and waterglass is compacted, wherein compaction can be achieved in various ways, such as by pressing the material or by vibrating. After compacting, moisture is removed from the compaction.
Description
OPIS IZUMADESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Področje tehnikeThe field of technology
Vezivo za sipke materiale; kompaktiranje sipkih materialov; ogljičenje jekla; legiranje aluminijevih zlitin; izdelava peletov; izdelava briketov.Binder for loose materials; compacting of bulk materials; carbon steel; alloying of aluminum alloys; making pellets; production of briquettes.
Prikaz problemaView the problem
Pri številnih tehnoloških procesih je potrebno uporabiti material, dodatke materialom, surovino ali gorivo v kompaktirani obliki. Zahteve po kompaktiranju sipkega materiala se lahko pojavijo tako zaradi fizikalnih lastnosti materiala, fizikalnih zahtev postopkov kjer se takšni kompaktiranci uporabljajo ali zaradi prilagojenosti naprav dimenzijam, ki se dobijo s kompaktiranjem.Many technological processes require the use of material, additives, raw materials or fuel in compacted form. Requirements for compacting bulk material may arise either because of the physical properties of the material, the physical requirements of the processes where such compactors are used, or because the devices are adapted to the dimensions obtained by compacting.
Tako je na primer v kovinski industriji potrebno segretim kovinam ali njihovim zlitinam v tekočem agregatnem stanju dodajati primesi, ki izboljšujejo lastnosti kovin oziroma njihovih zlitin. V primeru dodajanja dodatkov v obliki prahu, ostanejo prašni delci zaradi viskoznih sil na gladini raztaljene kovine in se posledično ne razporedijo enakomerno po kovini. S kompaktiranjem se poveča specifična gostota sipkega materiala, hkrati pa se zmanjša razmerje volumna materiala glede na zunanje površine materiala, kar omogoča potopitev dodanega materiala v talino in posledično zaradi intenzivnega mešanja taline enakomerno porazdelitev primesi po talini.For example, in the metal industry, it is necessary to add to the heated metals or their alloys in the liquid aggregate state impurities that improve the properties of the metals or their alloys. In the case of additives in the form of dust, dust particles remain due to the viscous forces at the surface of the molten metal and consequently do not distribute evenly across the metal. Compacting increases the specific density of the bulk material, while reducing the volume ratio of the material relative to the outer surfaces of the material, which allows the added material to be immersed in the melt and, consequently, due to the intensive mixing of the melt, even distribution of impurities throughout the melt.
• ·• ·
Stanje tehnikeThe state of the art
Kompaktiranje ali peletiranje je tehnološki proces, s katerim material v razsutem stanju oblikujemo v brikete ali pelete. Kompaktiranje je lahko tudi enostavno oblikovanje razsutega materiala z gnetenjem v kalupe. Pri peletirnih napravah se z gnetenjem material iztiska skozi matrico z luknjami kjer nastajajo peleti nastavljenih velikosti.Compacting or pelleting is a technological process by which bulk material is molded into briquettes or pellets. Compacting can also be easy for bulk molding by kneading. For pelletizing devices, the material is extruded through a die through the hole with holes where the pellets of the set sizes are formed.
Kompaktiranje in peletiranje materialov se najpogosteje uporablja za: predelavo mineralnih surovin iz težke industrije, obdelava odpadkov v živilski industriji, industriji krme, predelavi odpadkov v lesni industriji in izdelavi peletov ali briketov za ogrevanje. Namen kompaktiranja materiala je: zmanjšanje vlage, povečanje kakovosti (kalorična vrednost, vsebnost mineralov, itd) pri majhnem razmerju volumen/teža, lažja manipulacija, manjše izgube v prometu, zmanjšanje prisotnosti prašnih delcev in zagotavljanje zrnate enakomernosti materiala.Compacting and pelleting of materials is most commonly used for: processing of mineral raw materials from the heavy industry, waste treatment in the food industry, feed industry, waste processing in the wood industry and production of pellets or briquettes for heating. The purpose of compacting the material is to: reduce moisture, increase the quality (calorific value, mineral content, etc.) at low volume / weight ratio, facilitate manipulation, reduce traffic losses, reduce the presence of dust particles and ensure a granular uniformity of the material.
Po kompaktiranju sipkega materiala se lahko kompaktirani material razsuje nazaj v sipko obliko, zaradi česar se sipkim materialom pred kompaktiranjem doda vezivo, ki kompaktirani material ohrani v kompaktni obliki za kar se lahko uporabijo različna vezivna sredstva. Pri kompaktiranju/peletiranju raznovrstnih materialov se uporabljajo različna veziva, kot so različne smole (smole iz naftne industrije) in lepila (npr. CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose). Ta veziva temeljijo na organskih komponentah, ki lahko pri nadaljnji uporabi kompaktiranih materialov povzročajo neželene učinke kot je npr. penjenje.After compacting the bulk material, the compacted material can be spilled back into the bulk form, which causes the binder material to be added to the bulk material before compacting, which retains the compacted material in a compact form for which different binders can be used. Different binders are used in compacting / pelleting various materials, such as different resins (petroleum resins) and adhesives (eg CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose). These binders are based on organic components that can cause side effects such as, for example, the continued use of compacted materials. foaming.
Vodno steklo je silikatni material (pesek), raztopljen v alkalnih lužinah (natrijevih ali kalijevih). Vodno steklo ima lastnost stekla, hkrati pa je zaradi močne alkalnosti topno v vodi, s katero se meša v vseh razmerjih. Natrijeva vodna stekla se uporabljajo: v detergentih kot deflokulant, kot inhibitor korozije in mehčalec vode, v gradbeništvu kot dodatek za kislinsko odpornost in vodotesnost, v keramični industriji za hitrejšo pripravo stabilne glinene suspenzije, za utrjevanje peskovnih terenov in plazov, v papirni industriji in livarstvu kot vezivno sredstvi, pri izdelavi brusnih kolutov, za balansiranje oziroma centriranje brusnih kolutov in v številne druge namene.Water glass is a silicate material (sand) dissolved in alkaline alkalis (sodium or potassium). Water glass has the property of glass, and at the same time, due to its strong alkalinity, it is soluble in water, with which it is miscible in all proportions. Sodium water glasses are used: in detergents as deflocculant, as corrosion inhibitor and water softener, in construction as an additive for acid resistance and waterproofing, in the ceramic industry for faster preparation of stable clay slurry, for hardening of sandy fields and landslides, in paper industry and foundry as a binder, in the manufacture of grinding wheels, for balancing or centering grinding wheels and for many other purposes.
• ·• ·
Opis nove rešitveDescription of the new solution
Predmet izuma sta vezivo za kompaktiranje sipkega materiala in postopek uporabe veziva in rešujeta tehnične probleme:The subject of the invention are binder for compacting bulk material and the process of using binder and solve technical problems:
- kompaktiranja in peletiranja sipkih materialov,- compacting and pelleting of bulk materials,
- zmanjšanja razmerja zunanje površine materiala glede na volumen materiala, enakomernega mešanja dodatkov v raztopljenih kovinah ali kovinskih zmeseh in- reduction of the ratio of the outer surface of the material to the volume of the material, uniform mixing of additives in dissolved metals or metallic mixtures, and
- dodajanja dodatkov raztopljenim kovinam ali kovinskim zmesem.- the addition of molten metals or metallic mixtures.
Vezivo za kompaktiranje sipkega materiala je na bazi vodnega stekla. Navedeni tehnični problemi se rešujejo na način, da se s kompaktiranjem ali peletiranjem poviša specifična gostota materiala in hkrati s povečanjem specifične gostote materiala se zmanjša tudi razmerje volumna in zunanje površine kompaktiranega materiala. Tako je kot sipek material možno kompaktirati različne materiale, kot na primer ogljikov prah, silicijev prah, feromangane, premogov prah ....The binder for compacting bulk material is based on water glass. These technical problems are solved by increasing the specific density of the material by compacting or pelleting, and at the same time increasing the specific volume density of the compacted material by reducing the specific volume density. Thus, as a granular material, various materials can be compacted, such as carbon dust, silicon powder, ferromanganese, coal dust ....
Povišanje specifične gostote materiala in zmanjšanje razmerja volumna in zunanje površine kompaktiranega materiala je pomembno v kovinski industriji pri dodajanju primesi raztopljenim kovinam. Pri dodajanju sipkega materiala raztopljenim kovinam se sipek material zaradi visokih viskoznih sil raztopljene kovine težko potopi, zaradi česar ostane na gladini in se v raztopljeni kovini ne razmeša. Kompaktiranje dodaj nega materiala zagotavlja, da se dodajni material v tekočem kovinskem materialu potopi in se zaradi gibanja raztopljene kovine raztopi in po njej enakomerno porazdeli. Dodajni material se mora dodati kovini brez za lastnosti kovinskega materiala škodljivih primesi.Increasing the specific density of the material and reducing the volume-to-surface ratio of the compacted material is important in the metal industry when adding impurities to dissolved metals. When adding bulk material to dissolved metals, due to the high viscous forces of the dissolved metal, the bulk material becomes difficult to submerge, leaving it at a level and not stirring in the dissolved metal. Compaction of the additive material ensures that the additive material in the molten metal material is immersed and dissolved and evenly distributed due to the movement of the molten metal. The added material must be added to the metal without the metallic material having harmful impurities.
V izumu je kot vezno sredstvo uporabljeno vodno steklo, ki se je do sedaj uporabljalo za namene drugačnih tehnoloških postopkov.In the invention, water glass is used as a binder, which has hitherto been used for the purposes of different technological processes.
Vodno steklo je silikatni material (pesek), raztopljen v alkalnih lužinah (natrijevih ali kalijevih). Vodno steklo ima lastnosti stekla, hkrati pa so zaradi močne alkalnosti sestavine vodnega stekla topne v vodi, s katero se mešajo v vseh razmerjih. Vodno steklo se izdeluje na način, da se kremenčev pesek topi s sodo ali s pepeliko, nakar se raztaljena in ohlajena snov zdrobi in pod pritiskom raztopi v vodi v gosto sirupasto tekočino. Masno razmerje SiO2 in Na20 v vodnem steklu je podano z modulom vodnega stekla, kjer modul podaja masno razmerje suhe snovi (SiO2 in Na20) v vodnem steklu. S spreminjanjem modula se lahko regulirajo trdnostne lastnosti kompaktirancev iz različnih praškastih materialov.Water glass is a silicate material (sand) dissolved in alkaline alkalis (sodium or potassium). Water glass has the properties of glass, but at the same time, due to the strong alkalinity, the components of water glass are soluble in water, which they mix in all proportions. The water glass is made by melting the silica sand with soda or ash, and then the molten and cooled substance is crushed and dissolved under pressure into a thick syrupy liquid in water. The mass ratio of SiO 2 and Na 2 0 in the water glass is given by the water glass module, where the module gives the mass ratio of dry matter (SiO 2 and Na 2 0) in the water glass. By changing the module, the strength properties of compactors made of different powder materials can be regulated.
Za potrebe izuma se lahko uporabi vodno steklo z različnimi moduli in različnimi deleži vodnega stekla v raztopini z vodo. Za potrebe izuma je posebej primerna uporaba vodnega stekla kot vezivne sredstva z vrednostjo modula od 2,3 - 2,8. Višji je modul, boljše so trdnostne lastnosti kompaktiranca. Vodno steklo se meša z vodo s čimer se spreminja sestava pripravljene mešanice (od bolj suhe do pastozne mešanice), kar vpliva na sam proces kompaktiranja. Primerna je na primer uporaba mešanice z vodo, ki vsebuje približno 40% masnih deležev vodnega stekla z modulom 2,45. Tako je za potrebe izuma priporočljiva uporaba raztopine vodnega stekla z 31- 34 % masnim deležem SiO2 in z 11,5 - 14 % masnim deležem Na20. Pri 20 °C ima raztopina pri navedenih masnih deležih posameznih sestavin gostoto 1,5-1,54 g/cm3, dinamično viskoznost 400-1800 mPas, pH 11,5-12,5 in modul 2,3-2,8. Vodno steklo oziroma mešanica vodnega stekla z vodo je gosta prozorna tekočina svetle barve in brez vonja.For the purposes of the invention, water glass with different modules and different proportions of water glass in solution with water may be used. For the purposes of the invention, the use of water glass as a binder with a modulus value of 2.3-2.8 is particularly suitable. The higher the modulus, the better the strength properties of the compactor. Water glass is mixed with water, thus changing the composition of the prepared mixture (from a drier to a paste mixture), affecting the compacting process itself. For example, it is suitable to use a mixture with water containing about 40% by weight of water glass with a modulus of 2.45. Thus, for the purposes of the invention, it is advisable to use a water glass solution with a 31-34% by weight SiO 2 content and an 11.5-14% by weight Na 2 0. At 20 ° C, the solution has a density of 1.5- 1.54 g / cm 3 , dynamic viscosity 400-1800 mPas, pH 11.5-12.5 and modulus 2.3-2.8. Water glass, or a mixture of water glass with water, is a thick, clear, odorless liquid.
V sipek material se doda vodno steklo, nakar se mešanica sipkega materiala in vodnega stekla kompaktira, pri čemer je kompaktiranj e možno doseči na različne načine, kot na primer s stiskanjem materiala ali z vibriranjem. Po kompaktiranju se iz kompaktiranca odstrani vlaga, kar se doseže s sušenjem s suhim zrakom ali s segrevanjem materiala nad temperaturo uparjanja vode, ki znaša pri atmosferskem tlaku 100 °C. Kompaktiran material se po sušenju ohladi in po potrebi shrani v ustrezno embalažo. Tako je v primeru uporabe kompaktiranca za dodajanje raztaljenim kovinam, kompaktiranec smiselno kompaktirati v večje kose ali pa manjše kompaktirance shraniti v embalažo, ki zgori in ki pri tem ne pušča škodljivih vključkov v kovinskih materialih.Water glass is added to the bulk material, after which the mixture of the bulk material and the water glass is compacted, and compacting can be achieved in various ways, such as by compressing the material or by vibrating. After compacting, moisture is removed from the compactor, which is achieved by drying it with dry air or by heating the material above a water evaporation temperature of 100 ° C at atmospheric pressure. The compacted material is cooled after drying and stored as appropriate in suitable packaging. Thus, in the case of using compactor for molten metal additions, it is reasonable to compact the compactor into larger pieces or to store smaller compactors in packaging which burns and which does not leave harmful inclusions in the metal materials.
Pri dodajanju dodatkov raztaljenim kovinam, vezivo na bazi vodnega stekla ne tvori neželenih vključkov, ni agresivno in se ne peni. Prav tako je vodno steklo cenovno dostopna surovina kot vezivno sredstvo za kompaktiranje ali peletiranje različnih razsutih materialov. V primeru izdelave peletov ali briketov za potrebe zgorevanja, se vodno steklo pri zgorevanju izloči v obliki pepela in nima nikakršnega negativnega vpliva na potek zgorevanja ali na kurilne naprave.When adding molten metal additives, the water-based binder does not form unwanted inclusions, is aggressive and does not foam. Water glass is also an affordable raw material as a binder for compacting or pelleting various bulk materials. In the case of pellets or briquettes for combustion purposes, the water glass is eliminated in the form of ash during combustion and has no negative effect on the combustion process or on the combustion plants.
Podrobneje je bistvo izuma pojasnjeno v nadaljevanju z opisom izvedbenih primerov:The essence of the invention is explained in more detail below with a description of embodiments:
Izvedbeni primer I:Example I:
V ogljikov prah z velikostjo zrn 50-100 mikronov, ki se uporablja kot dodatek za povišanje vsebnosti ogljika v jeklih se doda 7,5 % masnih deležev vodnega stekla z modulom 2,45, ter z masnim deležem trde snovi 40 % in z masnim deležem vode 60%. Z dodajanjem vodnega stekla se zmesi poviša delež trdne snovi za 3 masne %, delež vode pa za 4,5 masnih %.A carbon powder of 50-100 microns grain size, used as an additive to increase the carbon content of steels, is added 7.5% by weight of water glass with a modulus of 2.45, with a solids content of 40% and a mass fraction of water 60%. The addition of water glass increases the solids content by 3% by weight and the water content by 4.5% by weight.
Zmes ogljikovega prahu in vodnega stekla se dovede v peletirno napravo, v kateri gnetni valji povzročajo površinski pritisk 80 barov in gnetejo zmes skozi matrico z luknjami premera 6 milimetrov. Za matrico se gnetenec nareže na koščke dolge 1 centimeter, s čimer se dobijo peleti premera 6 milimetrov in dolžine 1 centimeter.The mixture of carbon dust and water glass is fed into a pelletizing device in which the kneading cylinders cause a surface pressure of 80 bar and push the mixture through a die with holes of 6 millimeters in diameter. For the die, the knead is cut into 1-inch-long pieces to give pellets 6 millimeters in diameter and 1 centimeter in length.
Od začetne vlažnosti zmesi 15-16 masnih %, se pri prehodu skozi peletirko zaradi segrevanja vlažnost zmesi zniža na 8-9 masnih %. Vlaga se izloča s prehodom na okoliški zrak, kateremu se zaradi segrevanja zviša sposobnost akumulacije vlage. Pri izhodu iz peletirke se peleti dodatno osušijo z oddajanjem vlage zraku. Z oddajanjem vlage zraku se peleti intenzivno hladijo, saj se pri spremembi odvzete vode iz tekočega v plinasto agregatno stanje, uparjalna toplota vode odvzame iz toplotne energije segretih peletov. Ohlajeni peleti se pakirajo v papirnate vreče teže 25 kilogramov.From the initial humidity of the mixture of 15-16% by weight, the humidity of the mixture decreases to 8-9% by weight when passing through the pelletizer. Moisture is eliminated by passage to ambient air, which increases its ability to accumulate moisture due to heat. When exiting the pelletizer, the pellets are further dried by releasing moisture to the air. By emitting moisture to the air, the pellets are intensely cooled, as the water evaporates from the heat energy of the heated pellets when the water taken from the liquid to the gaseous state is changed. The cooled pellets are packed in paper bags weighing 25 pounds.
Peleti se uporabijo za naogljičenje jekel. V talino s temperaturo 1400 °C se vrže vreča peletov, pri čemer se vsebina vreče potopi v talino, papirnata embalaža pa izgori. Zaradi intenzivnega mešanja vroče taline, se peletiran ogljikov prah enakomerno porazdeli po talini, trdna snov vodnega stekla in pepel papirja pa se zaradi manjše gostote izločita na vrhu taline.Pellets are used to carbonate steels. A bag of pellets is thrown into the melt at 1400 ° C, with the contents of the bag immersed in the melt and the paper packaging burned. Due to the intense mixing of the hot melt, the pelleted carbon dust is evenly distributed throughout the melt and the water glass solids and paper ash are eliminated at the top of the melt due to the lower density.
Izvedbeni primer II:Example II:
V silicijev prah, ki se uporablja za legiranje aluminijevih zlitin se doda 2,5 % masnih deležev vodnega stekla z modulom 2,45, ter z masnim deležem trde snovi 40 % in z masnim deležem vode 60%. Z dodajanjem vodnega stekla se zmesi poviša delež trdne snovi za 1 masni %, delež vode pa za 1,5 masnega %.To the silicon powder used for alloying aluminum alloys, 2.5% by weight of water glass with modulus 2.45 is added, with a solids content of 40% and a water content of 60%. The addition of water glass increases the solids content by 1% by weight and the water content by 1.5% by weight.
Zmes silicijevega prahu in vodnega stekla se stisne v kalupe. Z tresenjem napolnjenih kalupov na vibracijski mizi se izpolnijo vrzeli v zmesi in dobijo silicijevi briketi. Briketi se nato segrevajo na temperaturi 105 °C, zaradi česar se iz njih izloči vlaga oziroma voda.A mixture of silica powder and water glass is compressed into molds. By shaking the filled molds on the vibrating table, the gaps in the mixture are filled and silicon briquettes are obtained. The briquettes are then heated to 105 ° C, causing moisture or water to be removed.
V raztaljeno aluminijevo zlitino se vržejo briketi, pri čemer se briketi potopijo v talino, in zaradi intenzivnega mešanja vroče taline, se raztopljeni silicij enakomerno porazdeli po talini, trdna snov vodnega stekla pa se zaradi manjše gostote izloči na vrhu taline.Briquettes are thrown into the molten aluminum alloy and the briquettes are immersed in the melt, and due to the intense mixing of the hot melt, the dissolved silicon is evenly distributed throughout the melt and the water glass solids are eliminated at the top of the melt due to the lower density.
Izvedbeni primer III:Example III:
V premogov prah, ki se uporablja kot gorivo se doda 5 % masnih deležev vodnega stekla z modulom 2,5, ter z masnim deležem trde snovi 40 % in z masnim deležem vode 60%. Z dodajanjem vodnega stekla se zmesi poviša delež trdne snovi za 2 masna %, delež vode pa za 3 masne %.In coal dust used as fuel, 5% by weight of water glass with modulus 2.5 is added, with a solids content of 40% and a water content of 60%. The addition of water glass increases the solids content by 2% by weight and the water content by 3% by weight.
Zmes premogovega prahu in vodnega stekla se dovede v peletirno napravo, v kateri gnetni valji povzročajo površinski pritisk 80 barov in gnetejo zmes skozi matrico z luknjami premera 6 milimetrov. Za matrico se gnetenec nareže na koščke dolge 2,5 centimeter, s čimer se dobijo peleti premera 6 milimetrov in dolžine 2,5 centimetrov.The mixture of coal dust and water glass is fed into a pelletizing device in which the kneading cylinders produce a surface pressure of 80 bar and press the mixture through a die with holes of 6 millimeters in diameter. For the die, the knead is cut into 2.5 centimeters long pieces to give pellets 6 millimeters in diameter and 2.5 centimeters in length.
Od začetne vlažnosti zmesi 14 masnih %, se pri prehodu skozi peletirko zaradi segrevanja vlažnost zmesi zmanjša na 7-8 masnih %. Vlaga se izloča s prehodom na okoliški zrak, kateremu se zaradi segrevanja zviša sposobnost akumulacije vlage. Pri izhodu iz peletirke se peleti dodatno osušijo z oddajanjem vlage zraku. Z oddajanjem vlage zraku se peleti intenzivno hladijo, saj se pri spremembi vode iz tekočega v plinasto agregatno stanje, uparjalna toplota vode odvzame iz toplotne energije segretih peletov. Ohlajeni peleti se pakirajo v vrečke iz PVC materiala po 15 kilogramov. Vreče iz PVC material preprečijo naknadno ovlaženje kompaktiranega materiala.From the initial humidity of the mixture of 14% by weight, the humidity of the mixture decreases to 7-8% by weight when passing through the pelletizer. Moisture is eliminated by passage to ambient air, which increases its ability to accumulate moisture due to heating. When exiting the pelletizer, the pellets are further dried by releasing moisture to the air. By emitting moisture to the air, the pellets are intensely cooled, as the water evaporates from the heat energy of the heated pellets when the water changes from a liquid to a gaseous state. The cooled pellets are packed in 15 kg PVC bags. PVC sacks prevent the compacted material from getting wet afterwards.
Pri zgorevanju peletov se trdna snov vnesena z vodnim steklom izloči v obliki pepela.When burning pellets, the solid introduced with water glass is eliminated in the form of ash.
Razumljivo je, daje mogoče opisano rešitev izvesti tudi v drugačni oblikovni izvedenki, ki ne spreminja bistva izuma.It is to be understood that the described solution can also be implemented in a different design that does not alter the essence of the invention.
Claims (19)
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| SI201300344A SI24501A (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | Binder for free flowing material and method of binder use |
| PCT/SI2014/000026 WO2015060792A1 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2014-05-19 | Binder for compacting bulk materials and method of use of the binder |
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| JPS5669209A (en) * | 1979-11-12 | 1981-06-10 | Nippon Steel Corp | Pelletizing of carbon powder |
| US4347890A (en) * | 1981-03-09 | 1982-09-07 | Pq Corporation | Method for binding particulate materials |
| GB8406524D0 (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1984-04-18 | Tiddy P J | Making coal briquettes |
| JPH04139057A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-13 | Kawasaki Refract Co Ltd | Wear resistant refractory |
| US20090250587A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2009-10-08 | Kaefer Dieter | Core and a Method for the Production Thereof |
| FI123876B (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2013-11-29 | Consolis Technology Oy Ab | Alkaline-activated concrete composition and use of the composition in precast concrete elements |
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