SI23987A - Mass occurence prevention of harmful cyanobacteria - Google Patents

Abstract

The procedure and device for preventing the mass occurrence of harmful cyanobacteria solve the problem of excessive reproduction of cyanobacteria, also known as blooming, which poses a threat to human health and the environment due to the simultaneous biosynthesis of toxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds. The process is based on the strategic activation of the lithium cycle in lysogenic cyanobacteria ah in spatially separated parts of the population and the release of viruses that, as a viral epidemic, capture the entire population, or on the splitting of temperature-stratified aqueous masses, and thereby reducing the ecological benefits of cyanobacteria in the rest of the plankton. Strategic triggering of the viral epidemic and the decomposition of water bodies is provided by a device that is structurally composed of a service harbor at the waterfront and work platforms that freely moves along the surface of the body of water according to predetermined or calculated trajectories.

Description

LESTAN Domain

Grosuplje

Slovenia

WEEK Bojan Portorož Slovenia and

LAKOVIČ Gorazd

Bishop

Slovenia

PREVENTION OF THE MASS RELEASE OF HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIA

The subject of the invention is a method and a device for the prevention of the mass appearance of harmful cyanobacteria in water bodies. The mass occurrence of cyanobacteria, also known as flowering, poses a threat to human health and the environment due to the simultaneous biosynthesis of toxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds. The process is based on the strategic initiation of the lytic cycle in lysogenic cyanobacteria in spatially separated parts of the population and the release of viruses that cover the entire population as a viral epidemic, or on the stratification of temperature-stratified water masses and thereby reduce the ecological advantages of cyanobacteria over other plankton. The strategic initiation of a viral epidemic and the spreading of water masses is enabled by a device which is structurally composed of a service dock on the shore of a body of water and a work platform that moves freely over the surface of the body of water.

The invention belongs to the international patent classification in B67D1 / 00.

The invention belongs to the European patent classification in A01N59 / 00.

Nutrient-rich aquatic environments from the temperate zone to the tropics can be sites of over-occurrence of harmful cyanobacteria. In industrialized countries, their mass occurrence is responsible for the overuse of water resources and pollution, while in the tropics their occurrence is usually natural and very common.

All cyanobacteria contain both chlorophyll a and phycocyanins. With these auxiliary photosynthetic pigments, they are also able to efficiently utilize low-intensity light and portions of the light spectrum that other autotrophs are not capable of. A further adaptation that favors them over other phytoplankton organisms is gas bubbles. With their help, they can regulate their position in the water column and make the most of the physical (light) • · · · ··· · · · · · ·

- · .. · ··; · and Chemical (Nutrients) Environmental Factors (Walsby, A. E. The gas vesicles of aquatic prokaryotes .......

Cambridge University Press, 1978, pp. 388.). Blue-green algae accumulate on / in the sediment bed as acinetes or spores, there they endure unfavorable conditions and at the appropriate moment represent the origin of new cyanobacterial flowering and their dominance.

The occurrence of overgrowth and mass occurrence of cyanobacterial populations is described by the term harmful flowering. During the flowering of cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins are formed, which are among the most dangerous toxins. Many genera e.g. Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Cylindorspermopsis, Lyngbya, Microcystis, Planktothrix produce different types of toxins that can be released into the aquatic environment (eg, anatoxins, LPS) during the growth phase, or those that release only when the flower collapses (ihrocystins). Over time, natural conditions lead to the gradual collapse of the flower and the release of toxins. The effects of cyanobacteria toxins on higher organisms are described as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, dermatotoxicity, genotoxicity, and general inhibition of protein synthesis. Depending on their chemical structure, they are divided into smaller peptides, with particular emphasis on cyclic peptides, alkaloids and lipopolysaccharides. Recently, the presence of the non-protein neurotoxic amino acid L-BMAA was detected in all major genera of cyanobacteria capable of flowering. This compound does not exhibit acute toxicity but is associated with the development of ALS-PDC (Kulrand L. T. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease complex on Guam linked to environmental neurotoxin. Trends Neurosci. 1988, 11, 51-55,). Cyanobacterial poisoning cannot be attributed solely to the presence of hepatotoxins and / or neurotoxins, as they come into contact with a mixture of various biologically active substances that are released or released from cyanobacteria. A key mechanism of hepatotoxin intoxication is the inhibition of cellular protein phosphatases. Recently, such activity has also been observed in representatives of non-hepatotoxic peptides with ureido and in depsipeptides (Gkelis S., Lanaras T., Sivonen K. The presence of microcystins and other cyanobacterial bioactive peptides and aquatic fauna collected from Greek freshwaters. Aquatic Toxicol. , 2006, 78, 241.). Synergistic activity of toxic and non-hepatotoxic metabolites is also present. Microcystin genotoxicity (Žegura B., Sedmak B., Filipič M. Microcystin-LR induces oxidative DNA damage and human hepatoma whole line HepG2. Toxicon, 2003, 41, 41-48) is perhaps the most important factor in human health risk assessment. to different internal organs of higher organisms (Filipič M., Žegura B., Sedmak B., Horvat-Žnidaršič I., Milutinovič A., Šuput D. Subchronic exposure of rats to sublethal reach of microcystin - YR induces DNA damage in multiple organs. Radiol. Oncol. 2007, 41, 15-22) and the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (a type of liver cancer).

The process of harmful flowering of cyanobacteria is not only subject to stagnant and slow-flowing freshwater bodies of water, but also to myos. The phenomenon causes great economic damage, especially to shellfish producers. Shells filter up to 500 liters of water a day and thus accumulate toxins, which do not excrete them. These toxins are the agents of life-threatening paralytic and diarrheal poisoning.

Known methods and devices for preventing the mass occurrence of harmful cyanobacteria

The known methods of reducing the occurrence of harmful algal blooms so far are:

a. Prevention of eutrophication of water bodies. A process for removing nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from water is known (KR Pat. No. 100937004).

b. Riparian filtration is an established method of extracting drinking water from surface water sources, but it is only effective in the removal of cyanobacteria and their toxins under specific conditions of suitable soil composition (Miller MJ, Hutson J., Fallowfield HJ) The adsorption of cyanobacterial hepatoxins as a function of soil J. Water Health, 2005, 3, 339-247) In particular, gravelly, alluvial soils may allow the toxins and, to a lesser extent, the cyanobacteria themselves to travel (Bricelj M., Sedmak B. Transport of biologically active substances through the gravel strata. Swets & Zeitlinger Lisse, 2011,25-29).

c. It is known to remove cyanobacteria with devices that allow filtration with dense nets (CN Pat. No. 201873977), devices that allow imitation of harmful flower from the water surface (KR Pat. No. 20100101716), and devices that allow electrocoagulation of cells and then filtration (CN Pat. No. 201367380). Methods for the removal of cyanobacteria by flocculation and deposition are also known (CN Pat. No. 101134626). Various ultrafiltrations and nanofiltrations have recently proven effective, but these methods are inadequate for rehabilitation of larger bodies of water (Gijsbertsen-Abrahamse AJ, Schmidt W., Chorus I., Heijman SGJ. Removal of cyanotoxins by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. J. Mem Sci., 2006, 276, 252-259). Removal of cyanobacteria by air flotation devices utilizes the ability of cyanobacteria to adapt their own buoyancy to current light needs (Teixeira MR, Sousa V., Rosa MJ Investigating dissolved air flotation performance with cyanobacterial whorls and filaments.Water Res., 2010,44,3337-3344 ).

d. Processes for chlorination and addition of CUSO4 and other algicides are common, which in turn cause cyanobacteria cells to break down and release the toxic content into water (Schmidt W., Willmitzer H., Bommann K., Pietsch J. Production of drinking water from raw water containing cyanobacteria - pilot plant studies for assessing the risk of microcystin breakthrough. Environ.Toxicol., 2002, 17, 375-385). Repeated addition of CUSO4 to the body of water has a detrimental effect on the aquatic ecosystem and, due to the presence of Cu-resistant populations (e.g., Microcystis aeruginosa), may lead to the ineffectiveness of the process of eliminating toxic cyanobacteria (Garcia-Villada LG, Rico M., Altamirano M., Sanchez-Martin L. Occurrence of copper resistant mutants in the toxic cyanobacteria of M. aeruginosa characterization and future implications in the use of copper sulphate as algaecide. Water Res. 2007, 8, 2207-2213). These processes usually result in long-lasting dangerously high concentrations of cyanotoxins in the body of water.

e. Methods for the prevention of harmful flowering and destruction of cyanobacterial cells by mineral-based algicides, such as a mixture of potassium permanaganate, aluminum salts and calcium carbonate (CN Pat. No. 101584345), methods of vegetable extract-based algicides (GB Pat. No. 2468849 ) and processes with algicides based on microbial extracts (CN Pat. No. 101481670).

f. The use of allelopathic substances for the suppression of cyanobacterial populations is known. These are those natural substances that, in the fight against survival, are harmed by other harmless aquatic organisms against other competing organisms, including cyanobacteria am (Vardi A., Schatz D., Beeri K., Motro U., Sukenik A., Levine A., Kaplan A. Dinoflagellate-cyanobacterium communication may determine the composition of phytoplankton assemblage in a mesotrophic lake. Curr. Biol. 2002, 12, 1767-1772).

Mr Rücker Ultrasound is known to damage the cell membrane and other cellular structures of cyanobacteria, such as the photosynthesis apparatus and the gas bubble, thereby destroying them. Devices with an ultrasound generator mounted in cyanobacterial water are known. These devices may be land-based and stationary (WO Pat. No. 2007114528), or may be installed on floating objects to reach the flowering area or depth of water column where secianobacteria occur (CN Pat. No. 101712497). A device with an ultrasound generator that is powered by electro-voltaic solar cells and is energy-autonomous is known (CN Pat. No. 201569904).

h. Methods and devices known to be known to destroy cyanobacteria by oxidizing cell membranes with low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dispersed over the surface of the harmful flower (CN Pat. No. 101624240), introducing H2O2 into the water body through mixing with water (CN Pat No. 101139129), or directly, inject H2O2 into water from a vessel on board (JP Pat. No. 3221191).

i. Methods and devices known to destroy cells or trigger programmed cell death of cyanobacteria by oxidizing cell membranes by blowing ozone gas (O3) into water (U.S. Pat. No. 2005006316) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) gas into water (U.S. Pat. 20110021357). The device for introducing NO into the water body may be stationary or mobile and move on the surface or below the water surface. It is known that in contact with water, H ₂ O ₂ , O3 and NO decompose rapidly, forming hydroxyl radicals (· ΟΗ), which are even more powerful oxidizers than the parent compounds.

j. Methods and devices that destroy cyanobacteria by oxidizing cell membranes with hydroxyl radicals are known. Methods and apparatus are known in which hydroxyl radicals are formed by the combination of ultraviolet (UV) rays and air oxygen in the aeration and irradiation of water in UV rays (CN Pat. No.1511789). Methods and apparatus are known in which hydroxyl radicals are formed as a result of an electro-Fenton reaction between H2O2 and Fe ³⁺ , whereby

iron regenerates in an electrolytic cell (CN Pat. No. 101962216). Methods are known where hydroxyl radicals are formed directly at the anode, the anode being from materials having a high over-potential of 'OH' before it is formed by oxygen (O ₂ ) molecules (CN Pat. No. 101428878). Devices are known to transport a vessel through an area of harmful flowering through an electrolytic cell (KR Pat. No. 20080042632). An electrolytic cell device is known wherein the energy supply is via electro-voltaic solar cells (CN Pat. No. 201842678). Devices combining an electrolytic cell for the formation of · ΟΗ and the filtration of dead cells are known (WO Pat. No. 2007126189). It is known from the scientific literature that electrolytic processes are used in the destruction of cyanobacteria, where rubidium oxide (RuO ₂ ) on a titanium (Ti) substrate (Liang, WY, Qu, JH, Chen, LB Inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa is used as the anode material) by continuous electrochemical cycling process in tube using Ti / RuO ₂ electrodes. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39, 46334639).

k. Depending on the ecological peculiarities of cyanobacteria, flowering can be prevented by changing hydrological conditions, stratifying the water masses through various mixers and by aeration (Huisman J., Sharples J., Stroom J.M., Visser P.M., Kardinaal, E.A., Verspagen J.M.H., Sommeijer B. Changes. in turbulent mixing shift competition for light betvveen phytoplankton species. Ecology, 2004, 85, 2960-2970). The approach does not cause cell death and thus the release of toxins into the aquatic environment. A device is known in which surface mixing of water is carried out with floating platform mixers and where the power supply to the drive parts of the device is via electro-voltaic solar cells (WO Pat. No. 2011034282).

Among the processes and devices for reducing the occurrence of harmful flowering, the methods and devices that destroy cyanobacteria by hydroxyl radicals or trigger the programmed cell death of cyanobacteria are most similar to the process of the invention. The essential differences between the known methods for reducing the occurrence of harmful algal blooms and the methods of the invention are:

a. For known solutions, cyanobacterial killing or programmed cell death processes have indiscriminate effects on the entire known phytoplankton population. In the process of the invention, the strategic initiation of the lytic cycle in lysogenic cyanobacteria in selected, spatially separated sections of the population releases viruses which, as a viral epidemic, then capture the entire cyanobacterial population and thus weaken or destroy it. The method according to the invention thus prevents the mass appearance of harmful cyanobacteria with lower energy consumption and thus greater autonomy of operation of the device than in the known solutions, while the minor or zero introduction of added harmful substances and energy into the body of water.

b. None of the known methods is similar to the thermal attenuation of cells and the triggering of the lytic cycle in lysogenic cyanobacteria ah with the heat shock provided in one of the possible embodiments

The process according to the invention.

c. None of the known electrolytic methods of destroying cyanobacteria as a working electrode contemplates the use of a boron doped diamond anode, the use of which is contemplated in one of the preferred embodiments of the process of the invention. Among all known anode materials, boron doped diamond anode has the highest over-potential and therefore the highest efficiency of hydroxyl radical formation.

The essential differences between the known devices for preventing the mass appearance of harmful cyanobacteria and the device according to the invention are:

a. With known solutions, the device is either shore and stationary, either floating and stationary, or mobile. The device according to the invention, however, consists of two separate parts: a service dock on the shore of the water body and a work platform that moves freely over the surface of the water body.

b. The supply of energy and materials to any of the known devices is not similar to the supply of the device according to the invention. In the apparatus according to the invention, the power supply to the drive and working parts of the work platform is carried out via electro-voltaic solar cells on the work platform and through the power supply provided in the service dock after the automatic landing of the work platform. In the device according to the invention, the work platform is, where necessary, automatically supplied with the materials, which are stored and provided in the service port.

c. The operative operation of any of the known devices is not similar to that of the device of the invention. The working platform of the device according to the invention moves independently on the surface of the water body by means of a self-learning algorithm or by pre-defined trajectories and is protected by an automatic landing at a service port against adverse weather conditions, freezing of the water body and other environmental disturbances. The debugging and servicing of the work platform of the device according to the invention is made possible after an automatic landing in the service port.

The process and apparatus of the invention are also similar to the known method and apparatus for flushing a water column with a mixing device on a floating platform, where the power supply to the drive parts of the device is via electro-voltaic solar cells. The essential differences between the known process and the process and apparatus of the invention are:

a. In the process according to the invention, the water column is flushed by pumping cold water from the epilimnium (cyanobacteria habitat) or under the thermocline, heating the water in the thermal collectors on the work platform deck and introducing the heated water back to the epilimnium, or under the thermocline.

b. The device according to the invention consists of a stationary service dock and a mobile work platform.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

A preferred embodiment of the process of the invention

Understanding the occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms is a necessary prerequisite for effective interference with their development. We argue that the main control of the density of cyanobacterial populations in water is performed by viruses, tempered and lytic phages. These viruses require the activation of a lick or lytic cycle, which can be of physical, chemical and also natural (biological) origin for their activation. Due to the ecological peculiarity of cyanobacteria (the ability to optimize its position in the water column with respect to competing organisms), flowering can also be prevented by changing hydrological conditions by stratifying the temperature-stratified water masses through various mixing methods.

In the process according to the invention, different triggers do not cause immediate cyanobacterial lysis but induce a lytic cycle in lysogenic specimens. By strategically triggering the lytic cycle in lysogenic cyanobacteria in selected, spatially separated sections of the population, viruses are released that, as a viral epidemic, capture the entire cyanobacterial population and thus weaken or destroy it. Figure 1 shows the triggering of the lytic cycle of lysogenic cyanobacteria and the formation of lysogenic foci from which flower decay is triggered.

In the process of the invention, the anode oxidation of cell membranes with hydroxyl radicals (· ΟΗ) is preferably used as a trigger for the lytic cycle of cyanobacteria. In the process of the invention, hydroxyl radicals are preferably produced by a chemically inert boron doped diamond anode (BDDA). During anodic oxidation, oxygen is generated by water electrolysis, except in the case of high anodic over-potential for oxygen production. The BDDA has a remarkable overpotential of> 3 V before the development of H ₂ (cathode) and O ₂ (anode). This electrolytic window allows the production of hydroxyl radicals at the anode directly from water with high current efficiency and according to the equation:

H ₂ O -> · ΟΗ + e '+ H ⁺

Among all known anode materials, BDDA has the highest supra-pontecial and thus the highest formation efficiency of hydroxyl radicals. Hydroxyl radicals are short-lived and do not pose any environmental burden. According to the method of the invention, the doped diamond anode is placed in an electrolytic cell with water brought to the work platform from different depths of the epilimnium, cyanobacteria habitat, or immersed in the epilimnium. The cathode may be of stainless steel or other materials known to the average person skilled in the art. The current density at the anode is between 0.01 and 500 mA cm ' ² , the voltage is between 0.05 and 30 V and the electrode distance is between 0.1 and 30 mm.

In another preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, a heat shock is used as the trigger of the lytic cycle. The cyanobacteria cells are thermally weakened by heating the cyanobacterium ami epilimnium water in the solar thermal collectors mounted on the work platform to 50 95 ° C.

• · · · ·

Other physical, chemical and biological quantities may be used in the process according to the invention, triggering a lytic cycle in cyanobacteria, such as but not limited to, UV rays, ultrasound, ozone, nitrogen monoxide (NO), allelopathic substances, and in extreme cases chlorination. , CuSO ₄ and other algicides. We can also use hydroxyl radicals that result from Fenton or electro-Fenton reactions, or which are formed electrolytically at the appropriate anode and different combinations of triggers. An example of such a known trigger is the dosage of H2O2 into water pumped from epilimnium, cyanobacteria habitat to the deck of a work platform, or the dosage of H2O2 into epilimnium. Low concentrations of H2O2 between 10 ' ² and IO ⁴ M are selectively toxic to cyanobacteria while eukaryotic organisms remain intact. The dosage of H ₂ O ₂ in water does not pose a major environmental burden, as it spontaneously exothermically decomposes into water and oxygen:

H ₂ O ₂ -> 2 H ₂ O + O ₂

Again, in another preferred embodiment of the process of the invention for controlling the density of cyanobacteria populations, we use the stratification of temperature-stratified water masses in a water column by pumping cold water from an epilimnium (cyanobacteria habitat) or under thermocline, heating water in thermal collections on a working floating platform 95 ° C. and introducing the heated water back to the epilimnium, or below the thermocline.

A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention

The strategic initiation of the lytic cycle and the viral epidemic of the cyanobacterial population, or the attenuation of the cyanobacterial population by the dewatering of the water masses according to the method of the invention, are made possible by the device of the invention. The device according to the invention is structurally composed of two separate parts: a service dock (Figure 2, 1) on the bank of the water body and a work platform (2) that freely moves over the surface of the water body and is suitable for autonomous treatment of large water surfaces. The buoyancy, propulsion and movement of the work platform over the water surface can be ensured in any of the methods known to the average person skilled in the art.

In the apparatus according to the invention, the power supply to the drive and working parts of the work platform of the device is carried out through electro-voltaic solar cells (3) and accumulators on the work platform (4) and through an automatic landing in the service port and supply with the power source provided in service dock. The source of electricity in the service port may be autonomous, such as electro-voltaic solar cells (5) or a stationary electrical network (6). In the device according to the invention, the work platform is provided with an automatic landing, if necessary, with materials stored and provided in the service port (7). The work platform of the device according to the invention moves independently on the surface of the water body according to predefined trajectories or trajectories calculated using a self-learning algorithm. Positioning of the work platform is performed via reference satellite navigation or with reference signals (trigonometric positioning). The working platform of the device according to the invention is protected by an automatic landing at a service port against adverse weather conditions, freezing of the water body and other environmental disturbances. Debugging and servicing of the work platform is enabled after an automatic landing at the service port.

The working platform of the device according to the invention is designed as a reconfigurable system in such a way that its various embodiments are possible. For the advantage of the work platform implementation, cast cycle triggering systems for cyanobacteria of varying physical, chemical and biological quantities (8) are installed on the work platform deck and water with cyanobacteria is brought through the work platform, winch and pump (9) from the work platform. It is also possible to construct a working platform in which different physical, chemical and biological quantities are introduced directly into different water body depths by triggering the lytic cycle of cyanobacteria. A probe of a fluorescence spectrophotometer for changing cyanobacterial concentrations may also be fitted on the work platform deck or submerged at different depths.

In one embodiment, in addition to electro-voltaic solar cells (3), solar thermal collections (10) are mounted on the work platform for heating water and triggering the lytic cycle of cyanobacteria by heat shock, or for stratifying the water-stratified water masses of a water column by pumping cold water. water from the epilimnium (cyanobacteria habitat) or under the thermocline, heating the water in thermal collections on the work platform and introducing the heated water back to the epilimnium, or under the thermocline.

In one of the possible embodiments of the device according to the invention, the work platform may include a microprocessor unit with a metering and control system that distributes energy between the work systems for carrying out the process according to the invention, a control unit of electric motors for driving the work platform and positioning of electro-voltaic solar cells, and a unit for battery charging, according to the algorithm for finding the maximum power point and the adaptive control module based on climatic and solar conditions.

In one of the possible embodiments of the device according to the invention, the working platform may include a microprocessor unit with a measurement and control system and sensors for measuring the values of specific chemical and biological indicators of the status of the aquatic ecosystem such as, but not limited to, fluorescence and concentration of cyanobacteria, temperature profile according to the water column , pH, redox potential, dissolved oxygen, turbidity of water. The sensors can be installed aboard the work platform or submerged in different depths of the body of water. The construction of a work platform with fluorescence measurement allows the operation of the systems for carrying out the process according to the invention, that is, triggering the lytic cycle of cyanobacteria with different physical, chemical and biological quantities only when it detects the presence or sufficiently high concentrations of cyanobacteria. Such an embodiment also enables a 3-dimensional mapping of the population density of cyanobacteria in the body of water. The construction of the work platform by measuring the fluorescence and temperature profile of the water column enables the operation of the water column stratification system by pumping and heating the cold, and returning warm water to the epilimnium or below the thermocline only when it detects the presence or sufficiently high concentrations of cyanobacteria and stratification of the water column. The construction of the work platform with the telemetry unit enables the transmission of the measured data via the GSM network to the central control center.

The end of the process according to the invention is characterized by preventing the mass appearance of harmful cyanobacteria in the water body by strategically triggering the lytic cycles and causing a viral epidemic of the entire cyanobacterial population, or by reducing the cyanobacterial population from heat stratified aqueous masses. The representation of the device according to the invention in Figure 2 is symbolic and does not imply any restrictions on the device's construction.

DESCRIPTION OF THE IMAGES

Painted.

Initiation of the lytic cycle in a lysogenic cyanobacterial colony by the method of the invention. From top to bottom; formation of lysogenic foci, foci of lysogenic (infected) cells and triggering of licks, activation of lysogenic foci in cyanobacterial flower leading to final lysis of the flower.

Figure 2.

Preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention Prevention of the mass appearance of harmful cyanobacteria in water bodies.

Domain LEŠTAN

Bojan SEDMAK

Gorazd LAKOVIČ

Claims (20)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. A method for preventing the mass occurrence of harmful cyanobacteria in water bodies, characterized in that different triggers trigger the lytic cycle of lysogenic cyanobacteria, thereby causing viral infection and population impairment, or reducing the temperature stratified water masses in the water column of cyanobacteria over other plankton, thereby reducing the population density of cyanobacteria. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it strategically initiates lytic cycles in selected, spatially separated parts of the cyanobacterial population, thereby causing a viral infection which, as an epidemic, spreads to the entire cyanobacterial population, thereby weakening or destroying it. Method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the anode oxidation of cyanobacterial cell membranes with hydroxyl radicals produced in the electrolytic cell, which includes boron doped diamond anode as a working anode, is preferably used as a trigger for the lytic cycle of lysogenic cyanobacteria. Method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that heat shock can preferably be used as a trigger for the lytic cycle of lysogenic cyanobacteria. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stratification of water-stratified water masses in the water column is achieved by pumping cold water from the epilimnium, which is the habitat of cyanobacteria, or under the thermocline, heating the water and introducing the heated water back into the epilimnium, or below the thermocline . 6. A device for the prevention of the mass occurrence of harmful cyanobacteria in water bodies, characterized in that the attenuation or destruction of the cyanobacteria population by triggering the lytic cycle of lysogenic cyanobacteria and viral epidemics or by spreading temperature-stratified water • is carried out with a device in a water column. Structurally consisting of a service dock on the bank of the water body (Figure 2, 1) and a work platform (2) that moves freely over the surface of the water body. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the power supply to the drive and working parts of the work platform is provided by electro-voltaic solar cells (3), batteries (4) and by an automatic landing and supply with a source of electricity provided in service dock. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the power source in the service port can be electro-voltaic solar cells (5) or a stationary electrical network (6). Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the work platform can be landed automatically with materials stored and secured in the service port (7). Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the work platform moves independently on the surface of the water body according to predetermined trajectories or trajectories calculated using a self-learning algorithm. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the positioning of the work platform is carried out by reference satellite navigation or by reference signals. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the working platform is protected by an automatic landing at a service port against adverse weather conditions, freezing of the water body and other environmental disturbances. Apparatus according to claims 6 and 12, characterized in that the debugging and servicing of the work platform is enabled after an automatic landing in the service port. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the work platform is designed as a reconfigurable system so that different embodiments are possible. Apparatus according to claims 6 and 14, characterized in that the lyric cycle triggering systems of the lysogenic cyanobacteria (8) are mounted on the deck of the work platform. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the cyanobacterial water is brought to the working platform from various water body depths via a pipe system, winch and pump (9). Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that solar thermal collections (10) may be provided on the work platform for heating the water to trigger the lyric cycle of lysogenic cyanobacteria with heat shock of the ari to expel water masses. Apparatus according to claims 6 and 14, characterized in that a work platform may be equipped with a fluorescence spectrophotometer for measuring the concentration of cyanobacteria, temperature profile gauges according to the water column and other meters indicating the status of the aquatic ecosystem and the sensors thereof. gauges can be installed on board work platforms ars immersed in different depths of water body. A device according to claim 18, characterized in that fluorescence changes allow a three-dimensional mapping of the population density of cyanobacteria in the water body. Apparatus according to claim 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, characterized in that the fluorescence and temperature profile measurement according to the water column allows the operation of the lytic cycle cyanobacterial lytic cycle triggering systems and the water mass stratification system only when sufficiently detected. high concentration of cyanobacteria in the investigated part and depth of the water body.