SI23732A - Device and method for gasification - Google Patents

Abstract

In this process, we have separate gasification and combustion on the same moving grid. The grill can also be made of cascade. The device consists of chambers with a flexible grill. Under the grill the air is blown. The grate is combustible in two parts and in which the air blows. The fuel is additionally heated and gasified by guiding hot flue gas recirculation or by injecting steam through fuel In the process of gasification, no oxygen is added to the fuel so that the synthesis gas of higher energy values is reached. The fuel inlet opening is installed higher, which allows for a greater amount of fuel in the I zone, thereby creating a greater amount of synthetic gas. allows the drainage of the synthesis gas through the outlet and the use thereof or mixing with other flue gases in the combustion chamber In the combustion chamber the air is oxygen the full combustion

Description

The field of technology

Gasification

A technical problem

A technical problem solved by the invention is the possibility of separating the synthesis gas and the combustion flue gases into two separate sub-chambers of the slant-type fuel treatment system.

The state of the art

The process of combustion of solid fuels, in particular biomass and waste, consists of the following stages: heating, drying, pyrolysis, gasification and complete combustion. Upon entering the chamber, the fuel begins to heat and dry, then the process of decomposition (pyrolysis), gasification and combustion begins.

In the gasification process, it is desirable to produce a synthesis gas with as much or as little as possible. a sufficiently high energy value so that the gas can be used efficiently.

Known solutions are built so that the fuel is gasified and burned in one chamber. In this chamber, the synthesis gas is mixed with the combustion flue gas, which reduces its energy value. Another option is that the flue gases are directed into the vertical gasification chambers.

The disadvantages of these procedures are:

- separate gasification chamber

- poor mixing of the fuel on the fixed grille

- Poor adaptation to fuel type

- many unburned particles

Description of the new solution

The apparatus and process for gasification of solid fuels, especially coal, solves the technical problem described above by using a flexible grille (1) housed in the chamber. Below the grille, air is controlled in one or more zones (2). Above the grate, the combustion chamber with a barrier (11) is divided into two or more sections (3.1 and 3.2) made of a fireproof lining. The position of the bulkhead (11) varies according to the type of fuel. These two parts of the chamber are blown into one or more zones (4). The fuel is additionally heated and gasified by directing the hot flue gas through the fuel, or by injecting steam (5). In the process of gasification, oxygen is not supplied to the fuel, thus producing a higher energy synthesis gas.

In this process we have separate gasification and combustion on the same moving grate. The grid can also be made cascading (6). This gives a two or more stage grille, separated by a cascade that allows the fuel to be mixed more vigorously, allowing faster decomposition and more complete combustion of larger pieces of fuel.

The fuel inlet port (7) is positioned higher, allowing a larger amount of fuel in the first part of the chamber (3.1), thus generating more synthesis gas. The apparatus is designed to allow the synthesis gas to be drawn out through the outlet (8) and further used, or mixed with other flue gases in the combustion chamber (10). Air (oxygen) (9) is blown into the combustion chamber, which at the same time swirls the flue gases and allows good mixing for complete combustion.

Advantages:

- Gasification on a moving grille using air or O ₂

- Gasification on a moving grille by steam injection

- Extraction and use of synthesis gas

- Separate synthesis gas outlet - higher gas energy value β ·· ·· ·· ...

- Better control of combustion / gasification process

- Lower NOx values due to low temperatures

- One or more air intake zones below the grille.

- There are two separate chambers above the grid - separate gasification and combustion on the moving grid

- One or more air intake zones above the grille

- Possible use of single or multi-stage moving grille

- Possibility of blowing in flue gas recirculation

In addition, the following examples can be used:

- Intensive gasification by directing hot flue gas through the fuel (Figure 2)

- the synthesis gas is run separately to the gas installation and the flue gas to the boiler (Figure 1)

- to allow a combination of both systems (Figure 3)

The invention will now be described by way of drawings, the drawings forming part of the patent application and representing:

Figure 1 represents a system in which the synthesis gas is piped separately to the gas installation and the flue gas to the boiler, namely a flexible grate (1), air intake (2), part of the synthesis gas production chamber (3.1), part of the combustion chamber (3.2), air intake zones (4), vapor (5), fuel vent (7), synthesis gas outlet (8), chamber partition (11), flue gas outlet (12).

Figure 2 represents a system in which hot flue gases are used for intensive gasification, namely, a moving grate (1), air intake (2), part of a synthesis gas production chamber (3.1), part of a combustion chamber (3.2), intake zones air (4), steam (5), fuel vent (7), synthesis gas outlet (8), chamber (11).

Figure 3 is a combination for the production of synthesis gas and combustion, namely a moving grate (1), air intake (2), part of the synthesis gas production chamber (3.1), part of the combustion chamber (3.2), air intake zones (4), steam (5), cascade (6), fuel vent (7), synthesis gas outlet (8), air or oxygen inlet (9), combustion chamber (10), chamber partition ( 11), flue gas outlet opening (12), flue gas flap (13), flue gas flap (14), and flue gas inlet (15).

In all three embodiments, the combustion chamber is only one and is divided into the gas or gas production section (3.1) and the combustion section (3.2) by the chamber partition (11).

In the first embodiment (Figure 1), the fuel enters through the fuel port (7) and travels through the flexible grille (1) first through a portion of the synthesis gas chamber (3.1) and then through a portion of the combustion chamber (3.2). The air (2) is blown into the chamber under the movable grate (1), and if necessary, steam (5) or the air in additional zones (4) is also blown. The synthesis gas is lifted from the flexible grate (1) through the exhaust gas outlet opening (8) and the hot flue gas is withdrawn from the flexible grille (1) through the flue gas outlet (12).

In another embodiment (Figure 2), the fuel enters through the fuel port (7) and travels through the flexible grille (1) first through a portion of the synthesis gas production chamber (3.1) and then through a portion of the combustion chamber (3.2). The air (2) is blown into the chamber under the movable grate (1), and if necessary, steam (5) or the air in additional zones (4) is also blown. The hot flue gas then travels in the opposite direction of the moving grate (1) towards the part of the synthesis gas chamber (3.1). This makes the gasification more intense. The mixture of synthesis gas and combustion flue gas is then passed through an opening for the exit of the synthesis gas for further processing.

In the third embodiment (Figure 3), the fuel enters through the fuel port (7) and travels through the flexible grille (1) first through a portion of the synthesis gas production chamber (3.1) and then through a portion of the combustion chamber (3.2). The air (2) is blown into the chamber under the movable grate (1), and if necessary, steam (5) or the air in additional zones (4) is also blown. The moving grille (1) has an additional cascade (6), which allows additional fuel mixing for better efficiency and better control of both processes, and there may be more cascades. By using the flaps, we then control which type of process we want. With the flue gas flap open (14) and the flue gas outlet flap (8) open, the first embodiment is obtained. With the flue gas flap closed (14) and the flue gas outlet flap (8) opened, a second embodiment is obtained. With the flue gas flap closed (14) and the flue gas outlet flap (13) closed and the flap chamber inlet (15) open, a second embodiment is obtained, which is further upgraded with the combustion chamber (10). Air or oxygen is blown into the combustion chamber through the openings (9) to increase the flue gas temperature.

For KIV METAL INDUSJ & IJA VRANSKO d.d.

ffr. Jure Marn Patent Agent

Claims (9)

PATENT APPLICATIONS A solid fuel gasification apparatus, in particular biomass and waste, comprising a movable grate (1), a combustion chamber, a fuel inlet (7) and a flue gas outlet (12), characterized in that The combustion is separated by a barrier (11) into the gas or synthesis gas part (3.1) and the combustion part (3.2), with the same moving grate (1) passing through both parts of the chamber. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable grate (1) can be stepped, separated by at least one cascade (6). Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the synthesis gas from the part of the synthesis gas production chamber (3.1) is guided from the device through the opening of the synthesis gas (8) separately from the flue gases exiting the part of the synthesis chamber. combustion (3.2) leads through the flue gas outlet (12). Apparatus according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the flue gases from the part of the combustion chamber (3.2) are passed through the part of the synthesis gas production chamber (3.1) in order to achieve more intense gasification. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture of flue gases and synthesis gas is further mixed with air or oxygen from the inlet openings (9) in the combustion chamber (10) and further combusted there. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air or oxygen from the inlet openings (9) causes turbulence in the combustion chamber (10), thereby further mixing and improved combustion. 7. A process for gasification of solid fuels, in particular biomass and waste, characterized in that the production of synthesis gas (gasification) is carried out in the same chamber as the combustion process, with both parts of the chamber separated by a barrier and passing through both portions of the chamber. the same moving grille along which the fuel moves. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that hot flue gases, recirculating flue gases, air or steam for gasification are passed through a portion of the synthesis gas chamber. Method according to claims 7 or 8, characterized in that additional mixing of the synthesis gas with air or oxygen and additional combustion is carried out in the combustion chamber (10).