SI23649A - Electromagnetic relay, in particular the relay switches for break the electric current at the onset of the electric differential current, and switch comprising such relay - Google Patents
Electromagnetic relay, in particular the relay switches for break the electric current at the onset of the electric differential current, and switch comprising such relay Download PDFInfo
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- SI23649A SI23649A SI201100036A SI201100036A SI23649A SI 23649 A SI23649 A SI 23649A SI 201100036 A SI201100036 A SI 201100036A SI 201100036 A SI201100036 A SI 201100036A SI 23649 A SI23649 A SI 23649A
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000876458 Varanus niloticus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005292 diamagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
- H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
- H01H83/144—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection with differential transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/22—Polarised relays
- H01H51/2236—Polarised relays comprising pivotable armature, pivoting at extremity or bending point of armature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
- H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
- H01H50/40—Branched or multiple-limb main magnetic circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
- H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
- H01H71/321—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements
- H01H71/323—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements with rotatable armature
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
Abstract
Namen izuma je zasnovati elektromagnetni rele, zlasti rele (3) stikala (S) za prekinitev tokokroga ob pojavu diferenčnega toka med faznim vodnikom (P) in nevtralnim vodnikom (N) le-tega, pri katerem naj bi bilo navzlic znatnim tehnološkim poenostavitvam pri sami izdelavi zagotovljeno doseganje za zanesljivo delovanje potrebnih magnetnih lastnosti, pri čemer naj bi bila temu ustrezno izboljšana tudi občutljivost oz odzivnost releja (3) in zanesljivost delovanja celo pri zaznavanju zelo majhnih diferenčnihtokov. Temu ustrezno je naloga izuma izpopolniti tudi s tovrstnim relejem (3) opremljeno stikalo (S) za prekinitev tokokroga ob pojavu diferenčnega toka. Po izumu rele (3) obsega enovito zasnovan, iz pločevine ali traku iz jekla ali druge kovinske legure z vnaprej določenimi magnetnimi lastnostmi izrezan ali izsekan jarem (31), obsegajoč tri v smeri proti kotvi (33) štrleče, med seboj razmaknjene in dolžinsko v smislu možnosti na vseh treh sočasnega naleganja kotve (33) usklajene krake (311, 312, 313),medtem ko enovito zasnovana, iz pločevine ali traku ali žice ali drugega valjanca ali vroče ali hladno preoblikovanega polizdelka iz jekla ali druge kovinske legure z vnaprej določenimi magnetnimi lastnostmi sestoječa kotva (33), ki je v območju omenjenega vrtišča (333) na tretjem kraku (313) jarma (31) zasukljivo povezana z jarmom (31), obsega na eni strani vrtišča (333) razporejeno naležno območje (331), ki je prirejeno za sočasno naleganje na vseh treh krakih (311, 312, 313) jarma (31), kot tudi napreostali strani vrtišča (333) razporejeno in izven območja jarma (31) štrleče previsno območje (332), v katerem je s kotvo (33) mehansko povezana vzmet (34).The purpose of the invention is to design an electromagnetic relay, in particular a relay (3) of the circuit breaker (S) for breaking the circuit at the occurrence of the differential current between the phase conductor (P) and the neutral conductor (N) thereof, in which, despite significant technological simplifications, the achievement is ensured for the reliable performance of the necessary magnetic properties, with the sensitivity and responsiveness of the relay (3) and the reliability of operation even when detecting very small differential shafts. Accordingly, it is also an object of the invention to further refine the relay (S) with this type of relay (3) for breaking the circuit at the occurrence of the differential current. According to the invention of the relay (3), it consists of a uniformly designed, sheet or steel strip or other metal alloy with predetermined magnetic properties cut out or cut out of the yoke (31), comprising three projections to the projection angle (33) spaced apart and in length the sense of the possibility of all three concurrent fittings of the coil (33) of the co-ordinate leg (311, 312, 313) while uniquely designed, from sheet metal or strip or wire or other rolling stock, or hot or coldly shaped semi-finished products made of steel or other metal alloys with predetermined the magnetic properties of the boiler (33) which is pivotally connected to the yoke (31) in the region of said pivot (333) on the third arm (313) of the yoke (31), on which side of the pivot (333) which is adapted to simultaneously lie on the three yoke arms (311, 312, 313), as well as the protrusions of the pivot point (333), and projecting overlapping area (332) outside the yoke region (31) in which j An electrically coupled spring (34) with an angle (33).
Description
ETI ELEKTROELEMENT d.d.ETI ELEKTROELEMENT d.d.
Elektromagnetni rele, zlasti rele stikala za prekinitev tokokroga ob pojavu diferenčnega toka v električnem tokokrogu, in stikalo, obsegajoče tovrsten releAn electromagnetic relay, in particular a relay for a circuit breaker in the event of a differential current in the electrical circuit, and a switch comprising such relay
Izum se nanaša na elektromagnetni rele, kije namenjen za prekinitev električnega tokokroga ob pojavu diferenčnega toka med faznim in nevtralnim vodnikom.The invention relates to an electromagnetic relay intended to interrupt an electrical circuit when a differential current occurs between the phase and neutral conductors.
Po mednarodni razvrstitvi patentov izum te vrste spada na področje elektrotehnike in v okviru slednje k osnovnim električnim komponentam, namreč k relejem in stikalom, ki obsegajo permanentni magnet in so namenjeni za zaščito električnih tokokrogov. Po izbiri je tovrsten izum lahko uvrščen tudi k podrobnostim elektromagnetnih relejev.According to the international classification of patents, the invention of this kind falls within the field of electrical engineering and, within the scope of the latter, basic electrical components, namely relays and switches comprising a permanent magnet intended for the protection of electrical circuits. Optionally, such an invention may also be classified in the detail of electromagnetic relays.
Pri tem je izum osnovan na problemu, kako zasnovati elektromagnetni rele, zlasti rele stikala za prekinitev tokokroga ob pojavu diferenčnega toka v vodnikih letega, pri katerem naj bi bilo navzlic znatnim tehnološkim poenostavitvam pri sami izdelavi zagotovljeno doseganje za zanesljivo delovanje potrebnih magnetnih lastnosti, pri čemer naj bi bila temu ustrezno izboljšana tudi občutljivost oz odzivnost releja in zanesljivost delovanja celo pri zaznavanju zelo majhnih diferenčnih tokov. Temu ustrezno je naloga izuma izpopolniti tudi s tovrstnim relejem opremljeno stikalo za prekinitev tokokroga ob pojavu diferenčnega toka.The invention is based on the problem of how to design an electromagnetic relay, in particular the relay of the circuit breaker switch in the event of differential current in the conductors of the flying, which, despite the considerable technological simplifications in the production itself, will ensure the achievement for reliable operation of the required magnetic properties, the sensitivity or responsiveness of the relay and the reliability of operation should be improved accordingly, even when very small differential currents are detected. Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to further refine a circuit breaker equipped with a relay for interrupting the circuit when a differential current occurs.
Elektromagnetni releje opisan v EP 0 508 052 BI in sestoji iz ohišja, v katerem je na voljo elektromagnetna indukcijska tuljava, ki je zaradi možnosti proženja pri nizki električni moči preko pasivnega elektronskega vezja in diferenčnega transformatorja električno povezana s faznim in nevtralnim vodnikom vsakokratnega električnega tokokroga. Jedro omenjene tuljave predstavlja jarem, ki je v stiku s takoimenovanim L-jarmom, katerega prvi krak poteka v smeri jarma tuljave in predstavlja njegovo nadaljevanje, drugi krak L-jarma pa poteka pravokotno v smeri vstran od tuljave. Ob omenjenem L-jarmu se nahaja S-jarem, ki sestoji iz osrednjega območja in dveh krakov. Prvi krak S-jarma poteka vzporedno s prvim krakom L-jarma, osrednje območje S-jarma pa pravokotno glede na prvi krak in v smeri vstran od tuljave. Drugi krak S-jarma poteka vzporedno s prvim krakom in na ustreznem odmiku od tuljave. Med drugim krakom L-jarma in osrednjim območjem S-jarma je vstavljen permanentni magnet. Preko jarma tuljave in drugega kraka S-jarma je nameščena kotva, kije zasukljivo podprta v vrtišču, ki je razporejeno ob drugem kraku S-jarma na nasprotni strani od jarma tuljave. Glede na omenjeno vrtišče je torej kotva na enem koncu podprta z jarmom tuljave in drugim krakom S-jarma, na preostalem koncu pa je nanjo pripeta natezna vzmet, ki je po drugi strani vpeta v ohišju. Na kotvi je oprta sprožilna igla.The electromagnetic relays described in EP 0 508 052 BI and consists of a housing in which an electromagnetic induction coil is available, which, due to the possibility of low-power actuation via a passive electronic circuit and a differential transformer, is electrically connected to the phase and neutral conductors of the respective electrical circuit. The core of said coil is a yoke in contact with the so-called L-yoke, the first arm of which extends in the direction of the coil yoke and represents its continuation, and the second arm of the L-yoke extends perpendicularly to the side of the coil. Along the aforementioned L-yoke there is an S-yoke consisting of a central area and two arms. The first arm of the S-yoke runs parallel to the first arm of the L-yoke, with the central area of the S-yoke perpendicular to the first arm and away from the coil. The second arm of the S-yoke runs parallel to the first arm and at the proper distance from the coil. A permanent magnet is inserted between the second L-yoke arm and the central area of the S-yoke. An anchor is mounted over the yoke of the coil and the second arm of the S-yoke, which is pivotally supported in the pivot, which is arranged along the second arm of the S-yoke opposite to the yoke of the coil. In view of the aforementioned pivot, therefore, the anchor is supported at one end by a coil yoke and the other arm of the S-yoke, and at the other end a tensile spring is attached to it, which is secured in the housing on the other. There is a trigger needle on the corner.
Magnetno polje, ki je v releju stalno prisotno zahvaljujoč omenjenemu permanentnemu magnetu, z magnetno silo vzdržuje kotvo v položaju naleganja na jarmu tuljave in drugem kraku S-jarma, in sicer proti sili vzmeti, katere tendenca je zasukati kotvo okoli vrtišča in jo odmakniti od jarma tuljave ter s tem premakniti na kotvi oprto sprožilno iglo. Vzdrževanje kotve v opisanem položaju mora biti vsaj toliko zanesljivo, da ne pride do nehotenega samodejnega proženja zaradi mehanskih vplivov, npr. tresljajev ali podobnih. Kadar tokokrog deluje normalno in je električni tok v faznem vodniku enak toku v nevtralnem vodniku, diferenčnega toka ni in permanentni magnet ustvarja zadostno silo za premagovanje sile vzmeti, ki kotvo vzdržuje v opisanem položaju. Ob pojavu diferenčnega toka med faznim in nevtralnim vodnikom se v tuljavi ustvari magnetno polje, ki je usmerjeno nasprotno od prej omenjenega magnetnega polja permanentnega magneta, zato se učinek permanentnega magneta zmanjša, posledično pa sila vzmeti preseže magnetno silo in zasuče kotvo okoli vrtišča, pri čemer sprožilna igla povzroči prekinitev električnega tokokroga, v katerem se je pojavil diferenčni tok.The magnetic field, which is permanently present in the relay due to the said permanent magnet, with magnetic force maintains the angle in the reclining position on the coil yoke and the second arm of the S-yoke, against the force of a spring, which tends to rotate the angle around the pivot and move it away from the yoke to move the coil-triggered trigger needle. Maintaining the anchor in the position described must be at least reliable enough to prevent unintentional automatic actuation due to mechanical influences, e.g. vibrations or the like. When the circuit operates normally and the electrical current in the phase conductor is equal to the current in the neutral conductor, there is no differential current and the permanent magnet generates sufficient force to overcome the force of the spring, which maintains the angle in the position described. In the event of a differential current between the phase and neutral conductors, a magnetic field is created in the coil which is directed opposite to the aforementioned permanent magnet, thus the effect of the permanent magnet is reduced, and consequently the spring force exceeds the magnetic force and rotates the angle around the pivot. the trigger needle breaks the electrical circuit in which the differential current has occurred.
Tovrstna zasnova sicer načeloma omogoča delovanje releja, vendar je zaradi zasnove in razporeditve omenjenih jarmov in kotve vključno z njenim vrtiščem potreben razmeroma visok nivo magnetenja permanentnega magneta, kar je potem povezano tudi z razmeroma visoko močjo proženja, ki v praksi znaša med 120 in 150 pVA in za katero bi bilo glede na čisto praktične potrebe zaželeno, da bi bila znatno nižja.This design, in principle, makes it possible to operate the relay, but because of the design and arrangement of said yokes and the angle, including its pivot, a relatively high level of permanent magnet magnetization is required, which is then also associated with a relatively high trigger power, which in practice is between 120 and 150 pVA and which, in view of purely practical needs, would be desirable to be substantially lower.
Po drugi strani je tovrstna zasnova razmeroma neugodna v pogledu delovanja sil. Magnetna sila glede na vrtišče kotve deluje na razmeroma majhni ročici, zato je za zagotavljanje zadostne magnetne sile potrebno razmeroma močno magnetno polje permanentnega magneta, za nevtralizacijo omenjene magnetne sile pa je potrebna razmeroma velika diferenca tokov in je stikalo temu ustrezno manj občutljivo na majhne diference tokov.This design, on the other hand, is relatively unfavorable in terms of the operation of forces. The magnetic force relative to the pivot point of the anchor operates on a relatively small lever, therefore, to provide sufficient magnetic force, a relatively strong permanent magnetic field is required, and to neutralize said magnetic force, a relatively large current differential is required and the switch is accordingly less sensitive to small current differentials .
Razen tega je tudi sama izdelava tovrstnega releja tehnološko izjemno zapletena in povezana z visokim tveganjem zlasti v pogledu doseganja za delovanje potrebnih in zahtevanih toleranc. Jarem je namreč sestavljen iz dveh delov, ki sta med seboj zvarjena, pri čemer je v območju zvara zelo težko zagotoviti magnetne lastnosti v okviru zelo ozko določenih in za delovanje neobhodno potrebnih toleranc. Razen tega je med prvim krakom L-jarma in prvim krakom S-jarma predvidena zelo tenka reža širine manj kot 50 pm, ki je sicer zapolnjena z diamagnetno folijo, vendar je že zgolj izdelava in dokončna obdelava te reže v kombinaciji s problematiko v zvezi s prej omenjenim zvarom povezana s precejšnjo negotovostjo glede doseganja potrebnih karakteristik pri končnem izdelku.In addition, the manufacture of this kind of relay is technologically extremely complex and associated with high risk, especially in terms of achieving the necessary and required tolerances to function. The yoke consists of two parts, which are welded to each other, making it very difficult to provide magnetic properties within the weld area within very narrowly defined and necessary tolerances for the operation. In addition, a very thin gap of less than 50 pm wide, which is filled with diamagnetic film, is provided between the first L-yoke arm and the first S-yoke leg, but only the fabrication and finishing of this slot is combined with the problems involved. the aforementioned welds are associated with considerable uncertainty about the required characteristics in the finished product.
Izum se po eni strani nanaša na stikalo za prekinitev električnega tokokroga ob pojavu diferenčnega toka, kije predvideno za vgradnjo v električni tokokrog, ki ga poleg ustreznega vira izmenične ali istosmeme ali kombinacije električne napetosti in vsaj enega bremena tvorita vsaj na omenjen napetostni vir priključljiva in preko tovrstnega stikala z omenjenim bremenom povezljiva fazni vodnik in nevtralni vodnik, pri čemer tovrstno stikalo obsegaThe invention relates, on the one hand, to a switch for interrupting the electrical circuit in the event of a differential current, which is intended for installation in an electrical circuit, which, in addition to the corresponding source of alternating or DC or a combination of electrical voltage and at least one load, is at least connected to said voltage source and through a phase switch and a neutral conductor with such a load, said switch comprising
- diferenčni transformator, katerega primarno navitje predstavljata skozi njegovo jedro potekajoča fazni vodnik in nevtralni vodnik, njegovo sekundarno navitje pa obsega električna priključka;- a differential transformer, the primary winding of which is a phase conductor and a neutral conductor through its core, and its secondary winding comprises electrical connections;
- pasivno elektronsko vezje, obsegajoče dva para priključkov, med katerima je vzporedno vezanim elektronskim komponentam zaporedno vezan kondenzator, ki je predviden za polnjenje na osnovi električne napetosti, ki se inducira v sekundarnem navitju diferenčnega transformatorja, zaradi česar je s pomočjo prvega para priključkov omenjeno vezje električno povezano s priključkoma sekundarnega navitja diferenčnega transformatorja,- a passive electronic circuit comprising two pairs of terminals, between which a series capacitor is connected in parallel to the electronic components, which is intended to be charged on the basis of the electrical voltage induced in the secondary winding of the differential transformer, making the circuit mentioned by the first pair of terminals electrically connected to the secondary windings of the differential transformer,
- rele, ki v električnem smislu predstavlja upornost in induktivnost tuljave z električnima priključkoma, s pomočjo katerih je rele preko tuljave električno povezljiv z drugim parom priključkov pasivnega elektronskega vezja zaradi vzbujanja tuljave z napetostjo omenjenega zaporedno vezanega kondenzatorja, pri čemer omenjeni rele v mehanskem smislu sestoji iz jarma z na sebi vgrajenima indukcijsko tuljavo in permanentnim magnetom ter iz kotve, ki je z omenjenim jarmom zasukljivo povezana v območju vrtišča in, odvisno od vzbujenosti ali nevzbujenosti tuljave, bodisi s pomočjo permanentnega magneta držana v naleganju na jarmu ali pa po ustrezni oslabitvi oz. nevtralizaciji magnetnega polja permanentnega magneta zahvaljujoč sili vzeti odvihtena vstran od jarma v smeri proti prožilnemu mehanizmu, ki je razporejen na odmiku od jarma in omenjenega vrtišča kotve ter predviden za aktiviranje stikala v smislu prekinitve električnega tokokroga skozi omenjena vodnika.- a relay, which in electrical terms represents the resistance and inductance of a coil with electrical connections, by means of which the relay is electrically connected to the second pair of terminals of the passive electronic circuit by excitation of the coil with a voltage of said sequentially coupled capacitor, said relay being mechanically constituted from a yoke with an induction coil and a permanent magnet mounted on it, and from an angle that is pivotally connected to said yoke in the area of the pivot and, depending on the excitation or non-excitation of the coil, either by means of a permanent magnet held in the yoke or after a corresponding weakening or . neutralizing the magnetic field of the permanent magnet due to the force of being taken away from the yoke in the direction of the actuating mechanism, which is arranged at the distance from the yoke and the said pivot angle and is intended to activate the switch in terms of breaking the electrical circuit through said conductors.
Po izumu stikalo obsega rele, ki nadalje obsega enovito zasnovan, iz pločevine ali traku iz jekla ali druge kovinske legure z vnaprej določenimi magnetnimi lastnostmi izrezan ali izsekan jarem, obsegajoč tri v smeri proti kotvi štrleče, med seboj razmaknjene in dolžinsko v smislu možnosti na vseh treh sočasnega naleganja kotve usklajene krake, pri čemerAccording to the invention, the switch comprises a relay, further comprising a uniformly designed sheet or strip of steel or other metal alloy with pre-determined magnetic properties of cut or cut yoke, comprising three projections in the direction of the projecting angle, spaced apart from each other and in length in terms of possibility at all. three concurrently anchoring the aligned arms, whereby
-je prvi krak jarma predviden za prejem tuljave, ki je nanj namestljiva na tak način, da omenjen prvi krak poteka skozi svetlino tuljave, katere ovoji potekajo okoli prvega kraka in vzdolž le-tega,- the first leg of the yoke is provided to receive a coil which is adjustable thereto so that said first arm extends through the brightness of the coil, the wraps of which extend around and along the first arm,
- drugi krak jarma je predviden za prejem permanentnega magneta, ki permanentno ustvarja magnetni fluks in s tem magnetno silo, potrebno za naleganje kotve na omenjenih krakih jarma proti sili vzmeti;- the second yoke arm is provided to receive a permanent magnet which permanently generates magnetic flux and thus the magnetic force necessary to anchor the said yoke arm against the spring force;
- tretji krak jarma pa je predviden za podprtje kotve in zagotovitev vrtišča kotve, okoli katerega je slednja glede na jarem zasukljiva iz položaja naleganja na omenjenih krakih jarma v položaj naleganja na prožilnem mehanizmu, ki je razporejen na odmiku od jarma in vrtišča, ·· ···· · · • · · · · in pri čemer nadalje enovito zasnovana, iz pločevine ali traku ali žice ali drugega valjanca ali vroče ali hladno preoblikovanega polizdelka iz jekla ali druge kovinske legure z vnaprej določenimi magnetnimi lastnostmi sestoječa kotva, ki je v območju omenjenega vrtišča na tretjem kraku jarma s slednjim zasukljivo povezana, obsega na eni strani vrtišča razporejeno naležno območje, kije prirejeno za sočasno naleganje na vseh treh krakih jarma, kot tudi na preostali strani vrtišča razporejeno in izven območja jarma štrleče previsno območje, v katerem je s kotvo mehansko povezana vzmet.- the third yoke arm is provided to support the anchor and to provide an anchor pivot around which the yoke rotates from the reclining position on said yoke arms to the reclining position at the actuating mechanism disposed at a distance from the yoke and pivot, ·· · And furthermore uniformly formed, of sheet or strip or wire or other roller or of hot or cold-formed semi-finished steel or other metal alloy with predetermined magnetic properties of an angular angle in the range said pivot on the third leg of the yoke with the latter pivotally connected, comprises on one side of the pivot a spaced contact area adapted for simultaneous alignment on all three legs of the yoke, as well as a projecting area extending beyond the area of the yoke, in which mechanically coupled spring.
Pri prednostni izvedbi stikala po izumu je omenjen permanentni magnet klinasto zasnovan in vstavljiv v klinasto, v obliki od prvega kraka vstran ožečega se enakokrakega trapeza zasnovano zajedo v območju drugega kraka jarma. Nadalje omenjena kotva v svojem previsnem območju prednostno obsega z njo togo povezan, v smeri vsaj približno pravokotno iz omenjenega previsnega območja in vstran od vrtišča štrleč podaljšek, s katerim je mehansko povezana vzmet.In a preferred embodiment of the switch according to the invention, said permanent magnet is wedge-shaped and insertable into a wedge-shaped, parachute-shaped parapet in the form of a first trailing edge of the narrowing trapezoid in the area of the second yoke arm. Further, said anchor in its overhanging area preferably comprises a rigidly connected one, at least approximately perpendicularly from said overhanging region, and a projection extending to the mechanically coupled spring extending away from the pivot.
Pri stikalu po izumu je zahvaljujoč vstavitvi permanentnega magneta v območje drugega kraka jarma v slednjem formirano magnetno polje, ki ga pri nevzbujeni na prvem kraku jarma nameščeni induktivni tuljavi in na vseh treh krakih jarma sočasno nalegajoči kotvi tvorijoIn the switch according to the invention, due to the insertion of a permanent magnet into the region of the second yoke arm, a magnetic field is formed in the latter, which, when inducted on the first yoke arm, is fitted with an inductive coil and, at all three yoke arms, simultaneously angles forming
- prvi magnetni fluks, ki poteka skozi permanentni magnet, drugi krak jarma, kotvo in prvi krak jarma ter nazaj proti permanentnemu magnetu,- the first magnetic flux passing through the permanent magnet, the second yoke arm, the angle and the first yoke arm, and back towards the permanent magnet,
- drugi magnetni fluks, ki poteka skozi permanentni magnet, drugi krak jarma, kotvo in tretji krak jarma ter nazaj proti permanentnemu magnetu, in- the second magnetic flux passing through the permanent magnet, the second yoke arm, the angle and the third yoke arm and back towards the permanent magnet, and
- tretji magnetni fluks, ki poteka skozi permanentni magnet, drugi krak jarma in tretji krak jarma ter nazaj proti permanentnemu magnetu, pri čemer se v vzbujeni induktivni tuljavi in s tem v prvem kraku jarma zaradi napetosti na njenih priključkih generira magnetno polje s prvemu magnetnemu- the third magnetic flux passing through the permanent magnet, the second yoke arm and the third yoke arm and back towards the permanent magnet, generating a magnetic field with the first magnetic yoke in the first inductive yoke due to the voltage at its terminals;
fluksu nasprotnim magnetnim fluksom, s čimer se vsaj v prvem kraku jarma oslabi oziroma vsaj v pretežni meri nevtralizira magnetni fluks zaradi permanentnega magneta.flux to the opposite magnetic flux, thereby weakening or at least substantially neutralizing the magnetic flux due to the permanent magnet at least in the first leg of the yoke.
Omenjen permanentni magnet v omenjenem releju stikala po izumu je prednostno tako izbran, da je po vgradnji le-tega v območje drugega kraka jarma pri nevzbujeni tuljavi po eni strani vrtilni moment kot posledica delovanja magnetne sile vsaj zaradi magnetnega fluksa območju prvega kraka jarma glede na vrtišče sočasno na vseh treh krakih nalegajoče kotve večji od vrtilnega momenta zaradi delovanja sile vzmeti na kotvo, medtem ko se po drugi strani pri s pomočjo napetosti s pasivnega elektronskega vezja vzbujeni tuljavi zaradi s pomočjo slednje ustvarjenega magnetnega fluksa, ki je vsaj v območju prvega kraka usmerjen nasproti magnetnemu fluksu zaradi permanentnega magneta, vrtilni moment kot posledica delovanja magnetnih sil zmanjša pod vrednost vrtilnega momenta zaradi delovanja sile vzmeti na kotvo.Said permanent magnet in said relay of the switch according to the invention is preferably selected such that after mounting it in the area of the second yoke arm, on the one hand, the torque as a result of magnetic force due to at least the magnetic flux of the area of the first yoke arm relative to the pivot at the same time on all three legs of the angle of contact greater than the torque due to the force of the spring on the angle, while, on the other hand, the coil is excited by the latter generated magnetic flux, which is directed at least in the region of the first leg by the voltage from the passive electronic circuit. In contrast to the magnetic flux due to the permanent magnet, the torque as a result of the action of magnetic forces decreases below the value of the torque due to the force of the spring on the angle.
Nadalje je v releju stikala razmerje med prvim magnetnim fluksom in tretjim magnetnim fluksom vnaprej določljivo na osnovi vsakokrat ustrezne izbire oblike in velikosti pripadajoče zajede v drugem kraku in/ali v omenjeno zajedo vstavljivega permanentnega magneta.Further, in the switch relay, the ratio of the first magnetic flux to the third magnetic flux is predetermined based on the respective choice of shape and size of the corresponding jam in the second arm and / or in said joint of the insertable permanent magnet.
Po izumu je nadalje prednostno, če v stikalu primarno navitje diferenčnega transformatorja obsega en sam ovoj.According to the invention, it is further preferred that the primary winding of the differential transformer comprises a single sheath in the switch.
Po drugi strani se izum nanaša tudi na rele, zlasti za vgradnjo v stikalo za prekinitev električnega tokokroga ob pojavu diferenčnega toka v vodnikih tokokroga, pri čemer tovrsten rele v električnem smislu predstavlja upornost in induktivnost tuljave preko katere je rele električno povezljiv s pasivnim elektronskim vezjem in posredno z diferenčnim transformatorjem za zaznavanje diferenčnega toka v vodnikih, tako da ob pojavu diferenčnega toka v vodnikih tuljava pod vplivom napetosti iz omenjenega pasivnega elektronskega vezja oz. posredno iz diferenčnega transformatorja generira magnetni fluks, in pri čemer tovrsten rele v mehanskem smislu sestoji iz jarma z na sebi vgrajenima indukcijsko tuljavo in permanentnim magnetom za ustvarjanje magnetnega fluksa v območju jarma ter kotve, ki je z jarmom zasukljivo povezana v območju vrtišča in v odvisnosti od vzbujenosti ali nevzbujenosti tuljave bodisi s pomočjo permanentnega magneta držana v naleganju na jarmu ali pa zahvaljujoč sili vzmeti odvihtena vstran od jarma proti prožilnemu mehanizmu, ki je razporejen na odmiku od jarma in predviden za aktiviranje stikala v smislu prekinitve električnega tokokroga skozi vodnika.The invention also relates to a relay, in particular for installation in a circuit breaker in the event of a differential current in the circuit conductors, wherein such relay in electrical terms represents the resistance and inductance of the coil through which the relay is electrically connected to the passive electronic circuit and indirectly with a differential transformer for detecting differential current in the conductors, so that when a differential current occurs in the conductors, the coil is influenced by the voltage from said passive electronic circuit or. indirectly generates magnetic flux from the differential transformer, and such a relay mechanically consists of a yoke with an induction coil mounted on it and a permanent magnet to generate magnetic flux in the yoke area and an anchor that is pivotally connected to the yoke and depending from the excitation or non-excitation of the coil, either by means of a permanent magnet held in the yoke attachment, or by force of the spring, deflected away from the yoke against the actuating mechanism disposed at the yoke distance and intended to activate the switch in the sense of breaking the electrical circuit through the conductor.
Rele po izumu obsega enovito zasnovan, iz pločevine ali traku iz jekla ali druge kovinske legure z vnaprej določenimi magnetnimi lastnostmi izrezan ali izsekan jarem, obsegajoč tri v smeri proti kotvi štrleče, med seboj razmaknjene in dolžinsko v smislu možnosti na vseh treh sočasnega naleganja kotve usklajene krake, pri čemer jeThe relay according to the invention comprises a uniformly designed sheet or strip of steel or other metal alloy with predetermined magnetic properties of cut or cut yoke, comprising three projections in the direction of the projecting angle, spaced apart and lengthwise, in terms of possibility of all three simultaneous alignment of the angle limbs, whereby
- prvi krak jarma predviden za prejem tuljave, kije nanj namestljiva na tak način, da prvi krak poteka skozi svetlino tuljave, katere ovoji potekajo okoli prvega kraka in vzdolž le-tega,- the first arm of the yoke intended to receive a coil which can be mounted thereon in such a way that the first arm extends through the brightness of the coil, the wraps of which extend around and along the first arm,
- drugi krak jarma je predviden za prejem permanentnega magneta, ki permanentno ustvarja magnetni fluks in s tem magnetno silo, potrebno za naleganje kotve na omenjenih krakih jarma proti sili vzmeti;- the second yoke arm is provided to receive a permanent magnet which permanently generates magnetic flux and thus the magnetic force necessary to anchor the said yoke arm against the spring force;
- tretji krak jarma pa je predviden za podprtje kotve in zagotovitev vrtišča kotve, okoli katerega je slednja zasukljiva iz položaja naleganja na omenjenih krakih jarma v položaj naleganja na prožilnem mehanizmu, kije razporejen na odmiku od jarma, in pri čemer nadalje enovito zasnovana, iz pločevine ali traku ali žice ali drugega valjanca ali vroče ali hladno preoblikovanega polizdelka iz jekla ali druge kovinske legure z vnaprej določenimi magnetnimi lastnostmi sestoječa kotva, ki je v območju omenjenega vrtišča na tretjem kraku jarma zasukljivo povezana z jarmom, obsega na eni strani vrtišča razporejeno naležno območje, ki je prirejeno za sočasno naleganje na vseh treh krakih jarma, kot tudi na preostali strani vrtišča razporejeno in izven območja jarma štrleče previsno območje, v katerem je s kotvo mehansko povezana vzmet.- a third yoke arm is provided to support the anchor and to provide an anchor pivot around which the yoke rotates from the reclining position on said yoke arms to the reclining position at the actuating mechanism disposed at offset from the yoke and further uniformly formed from sheet metal or strip or wire or other roller or hot or cold-formed semi-finished steel or other metal alloy with predetermined magnetic properties of an anchor that is pivotally connected to the yoke in the area of said pivot on the third leg of the yoke, comprises a contact area disposed on one side of the pivot , which is adapted for simultaneous alignment on all three yoke arms, as well as an overhanging projecting area extending beyond the yoke zone in which the spring is mechanically coupled to the yoke.
Pri prednostni izvedbi releja po izumu je permanentni magnet klinasto zasnovan in vstavlj iv v klinasto, v obliki od prvega kraka vstran ožečega se enakokrakega trapeza zasnovano zajedo v območju drugega kraka jarma. Kotva v svojem previsnem območju obsega z njo togo povezan, v smeri vsaj približno pravokotno iz omenjenega previsnega območja in vstran od vrtišča štrleč podaljšek, s katerim je mehansko povezana vzmet.In a preferred embodiment of the relay according to the invention, the permanent magnet is wedge-shaped and inserted iv into a wedge-shaped, parachute-shaped parapet in the form of a first trailing edge of the trapezoidal trapezoid in the area of the second yoke arm. An anchor in its overhanging area comprises a rigidly connected one, at least approximately perpendicularly from said overhanging region, and a projection extending to the mechanically coupled spring extending out of the pivot.
Temu ustrezno je pri releju po izumu zahvaljujoč vstavitvi permanentnega magneta v območje drugega kraka jarma v slednjem formirano magnetno polje, ki ga pri nevzbujeni na prvem kraku jarma nameščeni induktivni tuljavi in na vseh treh krakih jarma sočasno nalegajoči kotvi tvorijoAccordingly, due to the insertion of a permanent magnet, a magnetic field is formed in the relay according to the invention due to the insertion of a permanent magnet into the area of the second yoke arm.
- prvi magnetni fluks, ki poteka skozi permanentni magnet, drugi krak jarma, kotvo in prvi krak jarma ter nazaj proti permanentnemu magnetu,- the first magnetic flux passing through the permanent magnet, the second yoke arm, the angle and the first yoke arm, and back towards the permanent magnet,
- drugi magnetni fluks, ki poteka skozi permanentni magnet, drugi krak jarma, kotvo in tretji krak jarma ter nazaj proti permanentnemu magnetu, in- the second magnetic flux passing through the permanent magnet, the second yoke arm, the angle and the third yoke arm and back towards the permanent magnet, and
- tretji magnetni fluks, ki poteka skozi permanentni magnet, drugi krak jarma in tretji krak jarma ter nazaj proti permanentnemu magnetu,- the third magnetic flux passing through the permanent magnet, the second yoke arm and the third yoke arm and back towards the permanent magnet,
Medtem ko se v vzbujeni induktivni tuljav in s tem v prvem kraku jarma zaradi napetosti na njenih priključkih generira magnetno polje s prvemu magnetnemuWhile in the inductive inductive coil and thus in the first arm of the yoke, a magnetic field with the first magnetic is generated due to the voltage at its terminals.
fluksu nasprotnim magnetnim fluksom, s čimer se vsaj v prvem kraku jarma oslabi oz. vsaj v pretežni meri nevtralizira magnetni fluks zaradi permanentnega magneta.flux to the opposite magnetic fluxes, thereby weakening or at least in the first leg of the yoke. at least to a large extent neutralizes magnetic flux due to permanent magnet.
Pri releju po izumu je nadalje permanentni magnet tako izbran, daje po vgradnji le-tega v območje drugega kraka jarma pri nevzbujeni tuljavi po eni strani vrtilni moment kot posledica delovanja magnetne sile vsaj zaradi magnetnega fluksa območju prvega kraka jarma glede na vrtišče sočasno na vseh treh krakih nalegajoče kotve večji od vrtilnega momenta zaradi delovanja sile vzmeti na kotvo, medtem ko se po drugi strani pri s pomočjo napetosti s pasivnega elektronskega vezja vzbujeni tuljavi zaradi s pomočjo slednje ustvarjenega magnetnega fluksa, ki je vsaj v območju prvega kraka usmerjen nasproti magnetnemu fluksu zaradi permanentnega magneta, vrtilni moment kot posledica delovanja magnetnih sil zmanjša pod vrednost vrtilnega momenta zaradi delovanja sile vzmeti na kotvo. Pri tem je razmerje med prvim magnetnim fluksom in tretjim magnetnim fluksom vnaprej določljivo na osnovi vsakokrat ustrezne izbire oblike in velikosti zajede v drugem kraku in/ali v omenjeno zajedo vstavljivega permanentnega magneta.In the relay according to the invention, the permanent magnet is further selected such that, after mounting it in the area of the second yoke arm, on the non-excited coil, the torque as a result of the action of the magnetic force at least due to the magnetic flux of the area of the first yoke arm relative to the pivot on all three of angular contact angles greater than the torque due to the force of the spring on the angle, while, on the other hand, the voltage generated from the passive electronic circuit causes the coil to be excited by the latter generated magnetic flux, which is directed at least in the area of the first arm opposite to the magnetic flux due to permanent magnet, the torque as a result of the action of magnetic forces decreases below the value of the torque due to the force of the spring on the angle. Here, the ratio of the first magnetic flux to the third magnetic flux is predetermined on the basis of the respective choice of shape and size of the bite in the second limb and / or in said bundle of the insertable permanent magnet.
Izum bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje obrazložen s primerom izvedbe, ki je ponazorjen na priloženi skici, kjer kažejoThe invention will now be explained in more detail by way of an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawing showing
Sl. 1 električno shemo stikala, ki obsega rele po izumu;FIG. 1 is an electrical diagram of a switch comprising a relay according to the invention;
Sl. 2 rele v odprtem stanjuFIG. 2 open relay
Sl. 3 rele v zaprtem stanju pri in nevzbujenem stanju tuljave; inFIG. 3 relay in the closed state at and in the non-excited state of the coil; and
Sl. 4 rele v zaprtem stanju pri vzbujenem stanju tuljave neposredno pred odprtjem releja oz. prehodom v stanje po Sl. 2.FIG. 4 closed state relay in the excited state of the coil immediately before the relay is opened or transition to the state of FIG. 2.
Na Sl. 1 je prikazana električna shema stikala, ki je predvideno za prekinitev električnega tokokroga ob pojavu diferenčnega toka med tokoma v faznem vodniku P in nevtralnem vodniku N, do česar lahko pride npr. zaradi mehanskeIn FIG. 1 is an electrical diagram of a switch designed to interrupt an electrical circuit when a differential current occurs between a current in phase conductor P and a neutral conductor N, which may occur e.g. due to mechanical
poškodbe enega izmed vodnikov N, P ali tudi zaradi korozije na katerem od stičišč omenjenih vodnikov N, P.damage to one of the N, P conductors or also to corrosion at any of the junctions of said N, P conductors.
Stikalo S, ki je skupaj z vsaj enim bremenom 4 vgradljivo v vsakokraten električni tokokrog, v osnovi sestoji iz diferenčnega transformatorja 1, pasivnega elektronskega vezja 2 in releja 3 po izumu. Diferenčni transformator 1 sestoji iz primarnega navitja NI, ki ga predstavljata skozi jedro speljana nevtralni vodnik N in fazni vodnik P, kot tudi iz sekundarnega navitja N2, ki je v območju svojih priključkov 11, 12 električno povezan s priključkoma 21', 22' pasivnega elektronskega vezja 2, s katerim je v območju para njegovih preostalih priključkov 21, 22 s svojima priključkoma 30', 30 električno povezan rele 3 po izumu.The switch S, which together with at least one load 4 is integral to the respective electrical circuit, consists essentially of a differential transformer 1, a passive electronic circuit 2 and a relay 3 according to the invention. Differential transformer 1 consists of a primary winding NI represented by a neutral conductor N and a phase conductor P through the nucleus, as well as a secondary winding N2 electrically connected in the region of its terminals 11, 12 by the passive electronic terminals 21 ', 22'. circuit 2, by means of which electrically connected relay 3 according to the invention is in the region of the pair of its remaining terminals 21, 22 with its terminals 30 ', 30.
V prikazanem primeru pasivno elektronsko vezje 2 obsega paralelno vezani diodi D! in D2 ter s slednjima paralelno vezan kondenzator Cp, razen tega pa tudi nadaljnji kondenzator Cs, ki je z omenjenima diodama Db D2 in kondenzatorjem Cp serijsko vezan.In the example shown, the passive electronic circuit 2 comprises a parallel coupled diode D! and D 2 and the capacitor C p connected in parallel with them, and furthermore a further capacitor C s which is connected in series with said diodes D b D 2 and capacitor C p .
Rele 3 v kontekstu omenjene električne sheme tvorita zaporedno vezana indukcijska tuljava LR in upor Rr, njegova mehanska zasnova in delovanje pa bosta podrobneje obrazložena v nadaljevanju.In the context of the aforementioned electrical circuit, relay 3 is formed by a series-coupled induction coil L R and a resistance R r , and its mechanical design and operation will be explained in more detail below.
Ko je stikalo S vgrajeno v ustrezen električni tokokrog in sta skozi jedro diferenčnega transformatorja 1 speljana vodnika N, P priključena na napetostni vir, je med regularnim obratovanjem tokokroga tok v nevtralnem vodniku N načeloma enak toku v faznem vodniku P. V primeru okvare, npr. mehanske poškodbe enega od vodnikov N ali P, se pojavi diferenca tokov med vodnikoma N, P in s tem tudi v primarnem navitju NI diferenčnega transformatorja 1, kjer je število ovojev enako 1, zaradi česar se v sekundarnem navitju N2 diferenčnega transformatorja 1 inducira napetost, pod katero je odtlej s sekundarnim navitjem N2 diferenčnega transformatorja 1 električno povezano pasivno elektronsko vezje 2. To privede do polnjenja kondenzatorja Cs v pasivnem elektronskem vezju 2, ki se v naslednji polperiodi diferenc med tokom v faznem vodniku P in nevtralnem vodniku N prepolarizira, kar spremlja ustrezno veliko tokovni impulz, ki steče skozi tuljavo Lr releja 3, ki v takem primeru aktivira sprožilni mehanizem 5 (Sl. 2), ki potem izključi stikalo S (Sl. 1) in s tem prekine električni tokokrog skozi vodnika N, P.When switch S is installed in a suitable electrical circuit and conductors N, P are connected to a voltage source through the core of differential transformer 1, during regular operation of the circuit, the current in neutral conductor N is in principle equal to the current in phase conductor P. In the event of a failure, e.g. mechanical damage to one of the conductors N or P, a current differential occurs between the conductors N, P, and thus also in the primary winding NI of the differential transformer 1, where the number of sheaths is equal to 1, which causes a voltage to be induced in the secondary winding N2 of the differential transformer 1, under which the secondary winding N2 of the differential transformer 1 has since been electrically coupled to the passive electronic circuit 2. This results in the charging of the capacitor C s in the passive electronic circuit 2, which is polarized in the next half-cycle of the differentials between the current in the phase conductor P and the neutral conductor N. monitors a correspondingly large current pulse, which flows through the coil L r of relay 3, which in this case activates the trigger mechanism 5 (Fig. 2), which then switches off the switch S (Fig. 1), thereby interrupting the electrical circuit through conductor N, P .
Po izumu je predvideno, da primarno navitje NI diferenčnega transformatorja 1 obsega en sam navoj. Občutljivost releja 3 je namreč znatno izboljšana s tem, ker se pri enem ovoju primarnega navitja NI v diferenčnem transformatorju 1 že ob zelo majhni diferenci tokov v vodnikih P in N v sekundarnem navitju N2 inducira dovolj visoka napetost, da se v pasivnem elektronskem vezju 2 generira impulz, ki zadostuje za proženje releja 3.According to the invention, it is envisaged that the primary winding of the NI differential transformer 1 comprises a single winding. The sensitivity of relay 3 is greatly improved by the fact that a single coil of the primary winding NI in differential transformer 1 causes a sufficiently high voltage to be generated in the passive electronic circuit 2 at a very small current differential in conductors P and N in the secondary winding N2. pulse sufficient to trigger relay 3.
Kot je bilo omenjeno, rele 3 v električnem smislu tvorita zgolj induktivnost in upornost Rr tuljave LR. Tuljava LR z upornostjo Rr je električno povezana s pasivnim elektronskim vezjem 2, v katerem se pod določenimi pogoji, torej ob pojavu diferenčnega toka v vodnikih N, P, ustvari napetostni sunek, ki v tuljavi LR vzbudi magnetno polje z magnetnim fluksom Φ! (Sl. 4).As mentioned, the relay 3 in electrical terms only forms the inductance and resistance of the R r coil L R. The coil L R with resistance R r is electrically connected to a passive electronic circuit 2 in which under certain conditions, that is, when a differential current occurs in conductors N, P, a voltage surge is generated which excites a magnetic field with magnetic flux in the coil L R. ! (Fig. 4).
Mehanska zasnova releja 3 je ponazorjena na Sl. 2-4. Pri tem rele 3 v osnovi sestoji iz jarma 31, na katerem je nameščena omenjena indukcijska tuljava LR, ki je preko svojih priključkov 30', 30 električno povezana s prej omenjenim pasivnim elektronskim vezjem 2, in ki je razen tega opremljen s permanentnim magnetom 32, kot tudi iz kotve 33, kije okoli vrtišča 333 zasukljivo nameščena na omenjenem jarmu 31 in s pomočjo vzmeti 34 zavihtljiva vsaj v območju med omenjenim jarmom 31 in na odmiku od slednjega razporejenim prožilnimThe mechanical design of relay 3 is illustrated in FIG. 2-4. The relay 3 consists essentially of a yoke 31 on which said induction coil L R is mounted, which is electrically connected to the aforementioned passive electronic circuit 2 through its terminals 30 ', 30 and which is further provided with a permanent magnet 32 , as well as from an angle 33 which pivotably pivots about said yoke 31 around the pivot 333 and rotates at least in the area between said yoke 31 and spaced apart by said spring 34 by means of a spring 34
mehanizmom 5, preko katerega se mehansko izvrši aktiviranje stikala S za prekinitev tokokroga vodnikov N, P.mechanism 5 through which the switch S is activated mechanically to interrupt the N, P circuit.
Jarem 33 je po izumu enovito zasnovan in sestoji iz jeklene pločevine ali druge kovinske legure z vnaprej določenimi magnetnimi lastnostmi, v splošnem pa ga je možno dovolj natančno in na preprost način izdelati z izsekovanjem ali izrezovanjem iz pločevine ali traku iz prej omenjenega materiala, kar se izkaže kot velika prednost zlasti v velikoserijski proizvodnji. Pri tem omenjen enovito zasnovan jarem 31 v osnovi obsega tri v smeri proti kotvi 33 štrleče, med seboj razmaknjene in po dolžini zaradi sočasnega naleganja kotve 33 na vseh treh hkrati med seboj usklajene krake 311, 312, 313, pri čemer je prvi krak 311 prirejen za prejem tuljave LR, drugi krak 312 je prirejen za prejem permanentnega magneta 32, tretji krak 323 pa je prirejen za povezavo jarma 31 s kotvo 33 vsaj v območju vrtišča 333.The yoke 33 is uniquely designed according to the invention and consists of a sheet of steel or other metal alloy with predetermined magnetic properties, and in general it can be made sufficiently precise and simple by cutting or cutting from a sheet or strip of the aforementioned material, which proves to be a great advantage especially in large-scale production. The uniquely designed yoke 31 basically comprises three projections 33 in the direction of the angle 33, spaced apart from each other and due to the simultaneous alignment of the angle 33 on all three simultaneously aligned arms 311, 312, 313, the first arm 311 being adapted to receive the coil L R , the second arm 312 is adapted to receive a permanent magnet 32, and the third arm 323 is adapted to connect the yoke 31 to the angle 33 at least in the area of the pivot 333.
Tuljava LR je nameščena na prvem kraku 311 jarma 31 na tak način, da krak 311 sega skozi svetlino tuljave LR in da ovoji tuljave LR potekajo okoli kraka 311 in vzdolž le-tega.The coil L R is mounted on the first arm 311 of the yoke 31 in such a way that the arm 311 extends through the brightness of the coil L R and that the coils L R extend around the arm 311 and along it.
Za potrebe vgradnje permanentnega magneta 32 je osrednje razporejen drugi krak 312 v prikazanem primeru opremljen s klinasto, v obliki v smeri vstran od prvega kraka 311 ožečega se enakokrakega trapeza izvedeno zajedo 3121, v katero je potem vstavljiv permanentni magnet 32. Slednji je v omenjeni zajedi 3121 držan zahvaljujoč izključno svojemu magnetizmu in je že zgolj z vstavljanjem in brez vsakršne dodatne povezave z jarmom 31 zaradi izbire prej omenjene oblike v omenjeni zajedi 3121 povsem zadovoljivo pozicioniran.For the purpose of mounting a permanent magnet 32, the second arm 312 is centrally arranged in the illustrated example in the form of a wedge 3121, which is laterally extending from the first arm 311 of the narrowing equilateral trapezoid, in which case a permanent magnet 32 is inserted. 3121 was held solely by virtue of its magnetism and, by insertion and without any additional connection to the yoke 31, was perfectly positioned in the aforementioned joint 3121 to select the aforementioned shape.
Tretji krak 313 jarma 31 je v osnovi predviden kot podpora kotvi 33 in obsega vrtišče 333, okoli katerega je kotva 33 zasukljiva glede na jarem 31 vsaj v območju med položajem sočasnega naleganja na vseh treh omenjenih krakih 311, 312, 313 jarma 31 in položajem naleganja na prožilnem mehanizmu 5, ki je razporejen na primernem odmiku od omenjenega jarma 31 (Sl. 2) in vrtišča (33) ter predviden za prekinitev tokokroga vodnikov P, N kadar je to potrebno in torej še zlasti ob pojavu diferenčnega toka.The third arm 313 of the yoke 31 is basically provided to support the anchor 33 and comprises a pivot 333 about which the anchor 33 is rotatable relative to the yoke 31 at least in the area between the position of simultaneous reclining on all three said arms 311, 312, 313 of the yoke 31 and the reclining position on the actuating mechanism 5 arranged at a suitable distance from said yoke 31 (Fig. 2) and pivot (33) and intended to interrupt the circuit of conductors P, N when necessary, and in particular when a differential current occurs.
V osnovi prav tako enovito zasnovana, iz pločevine ali traku ali žice ali drugega valjanca ali vroče ali hladno preoblikovanega polizdelka iz jekla ali druge kovinske legure z vnaprej določenimi magnetnimi lastnostmi sestoječa kotva 33 je predvidena za naleganje v območju vseh treh omenjenih med seboj razmaknjenih krakov 311, 312, 313 jarma 31, pri čemer se njeno vrtišče 333, okoli katerega je glede na jarem 31 zasukljiva, nahaja v območju tretjega kraka 313 jarma 31. Glede na omenjeno vrtišče 333 kotva 33 sestoji iz dveh območij 331, 332, in sicer je njeno naležno območje 331 predvideno za naleganje na omenjenih krakih 311, 312, 313 jarma 31, njeno previsno območje 332 na nasprotni strani vrtišča 333 pa štrli vstran od tretjega kraka 313 jarma 31. V omenjenem previsnem območju 332 je s kotvo 33 mehansko povezana natezna vzmet 34, katere sila permanentno izkazuje tendenco zasuka kotve 33 okoli vrtišča 333 v smeri vstran od jarma 31 in torej proti prožilnemu mehanizmu 5. Po izbiri je na omenjenem previsnem območju 332 kotva 33 opremljena z ustrezno togim podaljškom 3321, ki prednostno poteka vsaj približno pravokotno glede na samo kotvo 33 in v območju katerega je s kotvo 33 povezana vzmet 34, s čimer je možno ročico sile vzmeti 34 glede na vrtišče 333 kotve 33 še dodatno povečati oz. prirediti vsakokratnim potrebam.Basically also uniquely designed, of sheet or strip or wire or of another roller or of a hot or cold-formed semi-finished steel or other metal alloy with predetermined magnetic properties, the angled angle 33 is provided to fit in the area of all three spaced arms 311 , 312, 313 of yoke 31, wherein its pivot 333, about which it is rotatable with respect to yoke 31, is in the area of the third arm 313 of yoke 31. According to said pivot 333, anchor 33 consists of two zones 331, 332, viz. its contact area 331 is intended to fit on said legs 311, 312, 313 of the yoke 31, and its overhanging area 332 on the opposite side of the pivot 333 protrudes away from the third arm 313 of the yoke 31. In said overhanging area 332, a tensile spring is mechanically coupled to the angle 33 34, whose force permanently exhibits a tendency to rotate the anchor 33 around the pivot 333 in the direction away from the yoke 31 and therefore against the actuating mechanism 5. Optionally, in said overhanging area 332, the anchor 33 is provided with a suitably rigid extension 3321, preferably extending at least about orthogonal to the anchor 33 itself, and in the area to which the spring 34 is connected to the anchor 33, thereby allowing a spring force arm 34 with respect to the pivot 333, the angles 33 further increase or increase. adapt to every need.
• · · ·• · · ·
Ko je tuljava LR preko svojih priključkov 30', 30 električno povezana s pasivnim elektronskim vezjem 2 in ko je v zajedi 3121 vstavljen permanentni magnet 32, je možno kotvo 33 proti sili vzmeti 34 zavihteti okoli vrtišča 333 v položaj naleganja na krakih 311, 312, 313 jarma 31.When the coil L R is electrically connected to the passive electronic circuit 2 via its terminals 30 ', 30, and when a permanent magnet 32 is inserted in the joint 3121, it is possible to rotate the force angle 33 against the pivot 333 to the recess position on the arms 311, 312 , 313 yoke 31.
Kot je razvidno na Sl. 3, permanentni magnet 32 ustvarja magnetni fluks Φμ ki poteka skozi magnet 32, drugi krak 312, kotvo 33 in prvi krak 311 jarma 31, kot tudi magnetni fluks Φ2, ki poteka skozi permanentni magnet 32, drugi krak 312, kotvo 33 in tretji krak 313 jarma 31. V tem stanju releja 3 tuljava LR ni vzbujena z napetostjo s pasivnega vezja 2, kotva 33 pa je zahvaljujoč magnetni sili, ki je posledica omenjenega magnetnega fluksa Φ], Φ2, držana v naleganju na omenjenih krakih 311, 312, 313 jarma 31 proti sili ustrezno napete vzmeti 34. Glavnino vrtilnega momenta, s katerim je kotva 33 proti sili vzmeti držana v smeri proti jarmu 31, zaradi večje oddaljenosti njenega prijemališča od vrtišča 333 predstavlja magnetna sila zaradi magnetnega fluksa Φι skozi prvi krak 313 jarma 31. Vrtilni moment kot posledico magnetnih sil, s katerimi jarem 31 v odvisnosti od jakosti magnetnega polja permanentnega magneta 32 in/ali tuljave LR privlači kotvo 33 v območju svojih krakov 311, 312, 313, je možno vnaprej določiti tudi na osnovi primerne izbire prečnih presekov krakov 311,312,313 jarma 31.As can be seen in FIG. 3, the permanent magnet 32 generates a magnetic flux Φ μ passing through the magnet 32, the second arm 312, anchor 33, and the first arm 311 of the yoke 31, as well as the magnetic flux Φ 2 passing through the permanent magnet 32, the second arm 312, an angle 33 and the third arm 313 of yoke 31. In this state of relay 3, the coil L R is not excited by the voltage from the passive circuit 2, and angle 33 is due to the magnetic force due to said magnetic flux Φ], Φ 2 , to be held in contact with said arms 311 , 312, 313 of the yoke 31 against a properly tensioned spring 34. The majority of the torque with which the anchor 33 against the spring force is held in the direction of the yoke 31, due to the greater distance of its gripper from the pivot 333, is a magnetic force due to the magnetic flux Φι through the first arm 313 yoke 31. The torque resulting from the magnetic forces with which the yoke 31, depending on the strength of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 32 and / or coil L R, draws an angle 33 in the region of its arms 311, 312, 313, it is also possible to determine in advance on the basis of a suitable choice of the cross sections of the yoke 311,312,313.
Razmerje med prvim magnetnim fluksom Φ| in tretjim magnetnim fluksom Φ3 je vnaprej določljivo na osnovi vsakokrat ustrezne izbire oblike in velikosti zajede 3121 in/ali v slednjo vstavljivega permanentnega magneta 32.Ratio of the first magnetic flux Φ | and the third magnetic flux Φ 3 is predetermined on the basis of the respective selection of the shape and size of the 3121 entrainment and / or insertable permanent magnet 32 therein.
Ob pojavu diferenčnega toka v vodnikih N, P se na prej opisan način zahvaljujoč diferenčnemu transformatorju 1 in pasivnemu elektronskemu vezju 2 na priključkih 30', 30 pojavi električna napetost, ki v tuljavi LR generira magnetno polje z magnetnim fluksom Φ4, ki je usmerjen nasprotno magnetnemu fluksu Φ!When a differential current occurs in conductors N, P, an electrical voltage is generated in the previously described manner, thanks to the differential transformer 1 and the passive electronic circuit 2 at terminals 30 ', 30, which generates a magnetic field with a magnetic flux Φ 4 directed in the coil L R. opposite to magnetic flux Φ!
zaradi magnetnega polja permanentnega magneta 32, ki poteka skozi prvi in drugi krak 311, 312 jarma 31. S tem se eliminira magnetno silo, ki jo ustvarja magnetni fluks Φι permanentnega magneta 32, zato se vrtilni moment pritezanja kotve 33 proti jarmu 31 zmanjša pod vrednost vrtilnega momenta, s katerim sila vzmeti 34 vseskozi skuša odvihteti kotvo 33 okoli vrtišča 333 v smeri vstran od jarma 31 in torej v smeri proti prožilnemu mehanizmu 5. V takem primeru se torej zahvaljujoč vzbujeni tuljavi LR in magnetnemu fluksu Φ4, ki ga ta generira, kotva 33 zasuče okoli vrtišča 333 v položaj po Sl. 2 in zadene prožilni mehanizem 5, ki v območju stikala S (Sl. 1) prekine tokokrog vodnikov P, N, magnetni fluks Φ3 permanentnega magneta pa v takem primeru poteka skozi permanentni magnet 32 ter drugi krak 312 in tretji krak 313 jarma 31 (Sl. 1). Pri tem je omenjeno stikalo S, ki je med regularnim obratovanjem tokokroga vodnikov N, P sklenjeno, na Sl. 1 zaradi nazornosti ponazorjeno v razklenjenem stanju po prekinitvi omenjenega tokokroga, kar ustreza položaju kotve 33 po Sl. 2 neposredno po tistem, ko kotva 33 zadene ob prožilni mehanizem 5.due to the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 32 passing through the first and second arms 311, 312 of the yoke 31. This eliminates the magnetic force generated by the magnetic flux Φι of the permanent magnet 32, therefore reducing the torque of the angle 33 to the yoke 31 below the value of the torque by which the force of the spring 34 is constantly trying to deflect the angle 33 around the pivot 333 in the direction away from the yoke 31 and thus in the direction of the actuating mechanism 5. In this case, therefore, due to the excited coil L R and the magnetic flux Φ 4 provided by this generates an angle 33 rotates about the pivot 333 to the position of FIG. 2 and hits the actuating mechanism 5 which interrupts the circuit P, N in the area of switch S (Fig. 1), and in this case the magnetic flux Φ 3 of the permanent magnet passes through the permanent magnet 32 and the second arm 312 and the third arm 313 of yoke 31 ( Fig. 1). The switch S, which is closed during the regular operation of the conductor circuit N, P, is mentioned in FIG. 1 is illustrated in the unlocked state after termination of said circuit, which corresponds to the position of anchor 33 of FIG. 2 immediately after anchor 33 hits the actuator 5.
Zahvaljujoč opisani mehanski zasnovi releja 3 je slednjega navzlic preprosti tehnologiji izdelave možno izdelati zelo natančno in v okviru vnaprej določenih toleranc za zagotavljanje za brezhibnega delovanja potrebnih magnetnih lastnosti, pri čemer je tudi funkcionalnost celotnega stikala S, katerega del predstavlja tovrsten rele 3, zaradi izboljšanja same občutljivosti oz. odzivnosti v primeru pojava diferenčnih tokov v vodnikih P, N s stikalom S opremljenega tokokroga, v primerjavi z doslej znanimi tovrstnimi stikali znatno izboljšana.Thanks to the mechanical design of the relay 3, the latter, despite the simple manufacturing technology, can be manufactured with great precision and within the predefined tolerances to ensure the required magnetic properties, with the functionality of the entire switch S, of which such a relay 3 is part, to improve itself sensitivity or responsiveness in the event of differential currents occurring in P, N conductors with switch S of the equipped circuit, significantly improved compared to the known switches so far.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI201100036A SI23649B (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-02-04 | Electromagnetic relay, in particular the relay switches for break the electric current at the onset of the electric differential current, and switch comprising such relay |
| SI201100204A SI23650A (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-06-06 | Improved electromagnetic relay, in particular the relay swtches for break the electrical current at the appearance of the electrical differetial current, and switch comprising such relay |
| SI201100205A SI23651B (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-06-06 | Switch |
| EP11813603.5A EP2671243B1 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-12-14 | Electromagnetic relay, in particular for interruption of an electric circuit in the cases of differential circuit, and a switch comprising such relay |
| PCT/SI2011/000077 WO2012105913A1 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-12-14 | Electromagnetic relay, in particular for interruption of an electric circuit in the cases of differential circuit, and a switch comprising such relay |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI201100036A SI23649B (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-02-04 | Electromagnetic relay, in particular the relay switches for break the electric current at the onset of the electric differential current, and switch comprising such relay |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI23649A true SI23649A (en) | 2012-08-31 |
| SI23649B SI23649B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
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Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI201100036A SI23649B (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-02-04 | Electromagnetic relay, in particular the relay switches for break the electric current at the onset of the electric differential current, and switch comprising such relay |
| SI201100204A SI23650A (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-06-06 | Improved electromagnetic relay, in particular the relay swtches for break the electrical current at the appearance of the electrical differetial current, and switch comprising such relay |
| SI201100205A SI23651B (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-06-06 | Switch |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI201100204A SI23650A (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-06-06 | Improved electromagnetic relay, in particular the relay swtches for break the electrical current at the appearance of the electrical differetial current, and switch comprising such relay |
| SI201100205A SI23651B (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-06-06 | Switch |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2671243B1 (en) |
| SI (3) | SI23649B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012105913A1 (en) |
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| FR3020895B1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2016-06-24 | Aperam | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MAGNETIC PIECES OF A DIFFERENTIAL RELAY COMPRISING SURFACE TREATMENT BY MICROBILING |
| CN104157516A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2014-11-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Pusher group applicable to double-steel-magnet differential relays and using method thereof |
| CN106898524B (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2019-01-04 | 秦永振 | A kind of relay that novel power loss automatically resets |
| CN109455092B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2023-09-29 | 东莞广泽汽车饰件有限公司 | Non-push type inductive switch for automobile |
| CN111739765A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-02 | 南京莉上网络科技有限公司 | Novel relay iron core |
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| DE4111092A1 (en) | 1991-04-07 | 1992-10-08 | Schiele Gmbh & Co Kg | Fault current relay |
| ES2107935B1 (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1998-10-01 | Saez M Luisa Delgado | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RELAYS. |
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2011
- 2011-02-04 SI SI201100036A patent/SI23649B/en active Search and Examination
- 2011-06-06 SI SI201100204A patent/SI23650A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-06-06 SI SI201100205A patent/SI23651B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-12-14 EP EP11813603.5A patent/EP2671243B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2012105913A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
| SI23649B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| SI23651A (en) | 2012-08-31 |
| EP2671243A1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
| SI23651B (en) | 2017-10-30 |
| EP2671243B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| SI23650A (en) | 2012-08-31 |
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