SI22173A

SI22173A - Pneumatic sensor

Info

Publication number: SI22173A
Application number: SI200500357A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Dulijano Antonac
Original assignee: Cimos D.D.
Priority date: 2005-12-29
Filing date: 2005-12-29
Publication date: 2007-06-30
Also published as: WO2007075147A1

Abstract

The invention deals with a pneumatic sensor which provides accurate measuring of the distance of the measured surface from the reference surface under the most difficult measurement conditions, this means when the measured item is located in an environment, where the performance of such measurements by way of currently known devices has not been possible so far, for example on a processing machine, where dirt, grease, shavings and dust are present or even at elevated temperatures. The pneumatic sensor can be linked to the available pneumatic circuit by at least one pressure sensor and consists of an enclosure (1) and a compressed air supply pipe (22) linked to it, featuring at least one locking actuator (3) with adequate sealing fitting (21) of opening or limiting or interrupting the compressed air passage (2). In the aforementioned compressed air passage (2) inside the otherwise locked enclosure (1) there is a fitting (21) with corresponding locking actuator (3), which is on one side supported by a spring (5) and on the other one by a sensor element (4) which is in a coaxial position regarding the aforementioned spring (5) and partially reaching beyond the enclosure (1). The sensor element (4) can be shifted along its longitudinal direction by a predefined distance (L).

Description

Na področju fizike oz. merjenja izum spada k merilnim napravam, pri katerih je za merjenje razdalj uporabljeno pretakajoče se sredstvo.In the field of physics or. Measurement The invention relates to measuring devices where a flow means are used to measure distances.

Pri tem je izum osnovan na problemu, kako zasnovati pnevmatsko tipalo, ki bo omogočalo natančno merjenje vsakokratne oddaljenosti površine merjenca od referenčne ravnine tudi v najtežjih pogojih merjenja, namreč kadar se merjenec nahaja v okolju, v kakršnem je izvajanje tovrstnih meritev s pomočjo doslej znanih tovrstnih naprav načeloma neizvedljivo, npr. na obdelovalnem stroju, kjer so prisotne nečistoče, maščobe, ostružki in prah, ali celo pri povišani temperaturi.The invention is based on the problem of how to design a pneumatic sensor, which will allow accurate measurement of each distance of the surface of the meter from the reference plane, even in the most difficult measuring conditions, namely when the meter is in an environment in which such measurements are carried out with the help of such known ones devices in principle impracticable, e.g. on a machine where impurities, fats, shavings and dust are present, or even at elevated temperatures.

Iz stanja tehnike so znana raznovrstna tipala, ki so namenjena merjenju oz. zaznavanju oddaljenosti predmeta od referenčne ravnine. Tako je v GB 2 149 513 predlagano tipalo, ki je namenjeno predvsem za zaznavanje prisotnosti oz. bližine predmeta. Pri tem senzorju gre v osnovi za ohišje, ki je opremljeno z zunanjim navojem, na končnem območju ohišja pa je na obodu na voljo tangencialno posnetje, ki obsega ravno, v vzdolžni smeri ohišja potekajočo ploskev. Na omenjeni ploskvi je vgrajen tipalni element za zaznavanje razdalje do merjenca, ki ga je možno namesti v neposredno bližino. Tovrstno tipalo je možno vgraditi v napravo, npr. v delovno orodje ali stroj, nakar signalizira prisotnost ali odsotnost vsakokrat razpoložljivega merjenca, npr. obdelovanca ali strojnega dela, ki se vsaj občasno nahaja v bližini tipala. Naprava načeloma lahko deluje brezhibno, dokler je rega med posnetjem oz. tipalom in merjencem čista, torej brez prahu, vlage ali drugih nečistoč. Vsakršna prisotnost nečistoč v območju med merjencem in tipalnim elementom pa bodisi v znatni meri popači rezultate meritev ali celo popolnoma onemogoči merjenje. Iz navedenega razloga je tovrstno tipalo nedvomno povsem neuporabno v težkih pogojih merjenja, npr. med izvajanjem delovnih operacij na obdelovalnih strojih, pri obdelavi odkovkov ali v drugih podobnih razmerah.A variety of sensors are known in the art and are intended for measuring or measuring. detecting the distance of an object from the reference plane. Thus, GB 2 149 513 proposes a sensor intended primarily for detecting the presence or presence. proximity to the object. This sensor is basically a housing that is provided with an outer thread, and in the end region of the housing there is a tangential snapshot on the perimeter that comprises a straight, running surface in the longitudinal direction of the housing. On the said surface there is a sensor element for sensing the distance to the meter, which can be mounted in close proximity. This type of sensor can be installed in the device, e.g. into a work tool or machine, then signaling the presence or absence of the meter available at all times, e.g. workpiece or machine part, at least occasionally near the sensor. The device can, in principle, operate flawlessly as long as the slit is in the recording or recording mode. clean and free of dust, moisture or other impurities. Any presence of impurities in the area between the gauge and the touch probe either significantly distorts the measurement results or even completely precludes the measurement. For this reason, this sensor is undoubtedly completely useless in difficult measuring conditions, e.g. while performing work operations on machine tools, forging work or in other similar situations.

Nadalje je v US 4,325,249 opisan samodejni pnevmatski senzor za merjenje oddaljenosti, ki sestoji iz npr. cilindričnega ohišja, v katerem je na voljo zaprta osrednja komora, razen tega pa na čelnih straneh obsega dve nadaljnji komori, kot tudi iz tipala, ki je v vzdolžni smeri ohišja premakljivo vstavljeno v ohišju. Tipalo sestoji iz cevastega stebla, ki je v notranjosti omenjenega ohišja uležiščeno v obeh stenah med notranjo komoro in vsakokrat pripadajočo zunanjo komoro. V ohišju je nadalje na voljo kanal za pretok zraka od dovodnega priključka do prehodov med omenjenimi komorami. Na strani merjenja je tipalo opremljeno s prisekanim konusnim tipalnim elementom, ki je razporejen v pripadajoči komori na čelni strani ohišja in je načeloma vzdolž te komore premakljivo. V nasprotni čelni komori je na steblu tipala nameščen bat, ki je spet premakljiv vzdolž te nazadnje omenjene komore. Prisekan, konusno zasnovan tipalni element na svoji osrednje razporejeni ravni čelni površini obsega šobo, skozi katero izteka zrak, ki doteka skozi ohišje od prej omenjenega priključka. Tipalni element je bodisi s pomočjo tlaka od priključka in naprej skozi ohišje dotekajočega zraka ali pri eni od izvedb kar s pomočjo ustrezne vzmeti pritisnjen proti površini vsakokratnega merjenca. S pomočjo zračnega toka, ki po drugi strani poteka skozi samo šobo na čelni površini tipalnega elementa nato merijo tlačno diferenco in na tej osnovi ugotavljajo oddaljenost merjenca od referenčne ravnine, npr. od ravnine čelne površine tipalnega elementa. Očitno je torej, da tudi v tem primeru ob prisotnosti nečistoč, npr. vlage, maščob ali prahu v območju med površino merjenca in čelno površino tipalnega elementa rezultati meritev ne morejo biti točni, če je že meritev sploh izvedljiva.Further, U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,249 describes an automatic pneumatic distance measuring sensor consisting of e.g. a cylindrical housing in which a closed central chamber is provided, except that the front faces comprise two further chambers, as well as a sensor which is movably inserted into the housing in the longitudinal direction of the housing. The sensor consists of a tubular stem, which is housed inside the said housing in both walls between the inner chamber and the corresponding outer chamber. The housing further provides an air duct from the supply port to the passageways between said chambers. On the measurement side, the sensor is provided with a truncated tapered touch element, which is arranged in a corresponding chamber at the front of the housing and is generally movable along that chamber. In the opposite front chamber, a piston is mounted on the sensor stem, which is again movable along this last chamber. The truncated, tapered design of the touching element comprises a nozzle through its central spaced plane front surface through which air flows through the housing from the aforementioned connection. The touching element is pressed against the surface of the measuring instrument by means of a suitable spring either by means of a pressure from the connection and forward through the air supply housing or in one embodiment. By means of an air stream passing through the nozzle on the front surface of the touch probe, the pressure differential is then measured and on this basis the distance from the reference plane is measured, e.g. from the plane of the face surface of the touch element. It is obvious, therefore, that even in this case, in the presence of impurities, e.g. moisture, grease or dust in the area between the measuring surface and the face of the touch probe, the measurement results cannot be accurate if the measurement is already feasible.

Pnevmatsko tipalo, s kakršnim se ukvarja pričujoči izum, je povezljivo v vsakokrat razpoložljiv pnevmatski tokokrog z vsaj enim merilnikom tlaka in sestoji iz ohišja in na slednje priključenega dovoda komprimiranega zraka, ki vključuje vsaj en zaporni organ s pripadajočim tesnilnim nasedom za odpiranje ali pripiranje ali zapiranje prehoda za komprimiran zrak.The pneumatic sensor of the present invention is connectable to a pneumatic circuit with at least one pressure gauge in each case and consists of a housing and a compressed air supply connected thereto, which includes at least one shut-off body with an associated seal to open or close or close passages for compressed air.

Po izumu je v prehodu za komprimiran zrak v notranjosti navzven sicer zaprtega ohišja na voljo nased s pripadajočim zapornim organom, pri čemer je ta zaporni organ po eni strani podprt z vzmetjo in po drugi strani naslonjen na z omenjeno vzmetjo soosen in deloma iz ohišja segajoč tipalni element, ki je v svoji vzdolžni smeri premakljiv za vnaprej določeno razdaljo. Pri tem omenjeni prehod za komprimiran zrak prednostno tvori luknja v ohišju skupaj z vanjo vstavljenim dovodnim priključkom in slepo luknjo, ki je sočasno prirejena tudi za prejem vzmeti in obsega konusno vgreznjen nased za prejem kroglastega zapornega organa, in skupaj z izstopnim prehodom, preko katerega je notranjost ohišja povezana z zunanjostjo.According to the invention, in the compressed air passage inside the exteriorly enclosed housing there is a seat with an associated shut-off body, the shut-off body being supported on one side by a spring and on the other by a spring which is coaxial and partly touching from the housing. an element that is movable in its longitudinal direction by a predetermined distance. Said compressed air passage is preferably formed by a hole in the housing together with a supply port inserted therein and a blind hole, which is simultaneously adapted to receive a spring and comprises a conical-mounted seat to receive a spherical shut-off body, and together with an exit passage through which the inside of the case is connected to the outside.

Nadalje je na izven ohišja segajočem prostem koncu v vodilnem prehodu ohišja vstavljenega in s tesnilom tesnjenega tipalnega elementa na voljo za naleganje na vsakokratnem merjencu prirejena čelna ploskev. Izstopni prehod za iztekanje komprimiranega zraka iz ohišja je prednostno usmerjen v smeri vsaj v bistvu pravokotno glede na ravnino čelne ploskve tipalnega elementa.Furthermore, a front face is provided on the outside of the housing, extending to the free end in the guide passage of the housing of the inserted and sealed touch element. The outlet passage for the discharge of compressed air from the housing is preferably oriented in a direction at least substantially perpendicular to the plane of the face of the touch element.

Pri prednostni izvedbi tipala po izumu je vzmet izvedena kot tlačna vijačna vzmet, zaporni organ pa je zasnovan kot osno simetrično geometrijsko telo, ki na tesnilnem nasedu po celotnem obodu nalega s sklenjenim oz. neprekinjenim linijskim nasedom, še zlasti kot krogla Tipalni element sestoji iz vodilnega območja, ki je v vzdolžni smeri premakljivo uležiščen v vodilnem prehodu ohišja in v slednjem tesnjen s pomočjo tesnila, kot tudi iz odebeljenega oz. razširjenega naležnega območja, ki je oprto na periferiji tlačne komore v notranjosti ohišja in s tem prirejeno za omejevanje vzdolžne premakljivosti tipalnega elementa, sočasno pa tudi za sodelovanje z zapornim organom. Pri tem je ohišje prednostno izvedeno iz dveh delov, ki sta medsebojno povezljiva s pomočjo vijakov.In a preferred embodiment of the sensor according to the invention, the spring is designed as a pressure screw spring, and the shut-off body is designed as an axially symmetrical geometric body which, on the sealing groove, is flush with the closed or closed joint. Continuous line strands, especially as a ball The touch element consists of a guide area which is movable in the longitudinal direction in the guide passage of the housing and sealed in the latter by means of a gasket, as well as a thickened or. the extended contact area resting on the periphery of the pressure chamber inside the housing and thereby adapted to limit the longitudinal movement of the touch element and at the same time to cooperate with the shut-off body. The housing is preferably made of two parts which are interconnected by screws.

Izum bo v nadaljevanju konkretiziran s primerom izvedbe pnevmatskega senzorja, ki je na sl. 1 prikazan v prerezu v vzdolžni diametralni ravnini.The invention will now be further concretized by the embodiment of the pneumatic sensor of FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along a longitudinal diameter plane.

Senzor po izumu sestoji iz ohišja 1, v katerem je na voljo s tesnilnim nasedom 21 zaključen prehod 2 komprimiranega zraka. V območju omenjenega naseda 21 je uležiščen vzmetno podprt zaporni organ 3, na katerem je oprto tipalo 4, ki je v vzdolžni smeri premakljivo in na ustrezen način tesnjeno vstavljen v omenjenem ohišju 1.The sensor according to the invention consists of a housing 1 in which a compressed air passage 2 is completed with a sealing lip 21. In the area of said seat 21, a spring-supported shut-off body 3 is mounted on which a sensor 4 is supported, which is movably and sealed in the longitudinal direction in said housing 1.

V danem primeru je ohišje 1 izvedeno iz dveh delov 11 in 12, ki sta med seboj povezana s pomočjo vijakov 13.In the present case, the housing 1 is made of two parts 11 and 12, which are interconnected by screws 13.

Prvi del 11 ohišja obsega omenjen prehod 2 za komprimiran zrak in je razen tega opremljen z navojno luknjo 20, ki poteka v prečni smeri ohišja 1 in v katero je namestljiv dovodni priključek 22 za komprimiran zrak, kije proti ohišju 1 tesnjen s tesnilom 23.The first housing portion 11 comprises said compressed air passage 2 and is further provided with a threaded hole 20 extending in the transverse direction of the housing 1 and into which a compressed air inlet port 22 is sealed against the housing 1 by a gasket 23.

Nadalje prvi del 11 ohišja 1 v danem primeru obsega pritrdilno navojno luknjo 110, ki je odprta proti zunanjosti ohišja 1 in prirejena za prijem ustreznih neprikazanih pritrdilnih sredstev, zlasti vijakov, za pritrditev ohišja 1 in s tem senzorja na vsakokrat izbrano lokacijo. V notranjosti prvega dela 11 ohišja 1 je na voljo vzdolžno potekajoča slepa luknja 111, ki v danem primeru poteka soosno s prej omenjeno luknjo 110 in ki je konusno vgreznjena, obenem pa je v prečni smeri nanjo priključen omenjen prehod 2 za komprimiran zrak. Zahvaljujoč tovrstni zasnovi je po eni strani v omenjeno slepo luknjo 111 vstavljiva tlačna vijačna vzmet 5, po drugi strani pa vgreznjeno konusno območje te vzdolžne luknje 111 tvori tesnilni nased 21, na katerem nalega v danem primeru kroglast zaporni organ 3.Further, the first part 11 of the housing 1 optionally comprises a mounting threaded hole 110 which is open to the outside of the housing 1 and adapted for gripping suitable non-attached fastening means, in particular screws, to secure the housing 1 and thereby the sensor to the location selected at each time. Inside the first part 11 of the housing 1 there is a longitudinally flowing blind hole 111 which, if appropriate, runs in parallel with the aforementioned hole 110 and which is conically engraved, and at the same time said passage 2 is connected thereto for compressed air. Thanks to this design, a pressure coil spring 5 can be inserted into said blind hole 111 on the one hand, and on the other hand, the engraved conical area of this longitudinal hole 111 forms a sealing collar 21, on which, in a given case, a ball-shaped closure body 3 rests.

Drugi del 12 ohišja 1 je opremljen z vzdolžno potekajočim vodilnim prehodom 121, ki je v notranjosti ohišja 1 razširjen v delovno komoro 123 in v katerem je vstavljen vzdolžno premakljiv tipalni element 4, ki je razen tega tesnjen s pomočjo tesnila 122, ki je na voljo v območju omenjenega prehoda 121. V prikazanem primeru je na tem drugem delu 12 ohišja 1 na voljo kot žleb oz. utor zasnovano posnetje 124, preko katerega je omenjena komora 123 povezana z zunanjostjo ohišja 1 in zatorej v funkcionalnem smislu predstavlja del prehoda 2 za komprimiran zrak.The second part 12 of the housing 1 is provided with a longitudinally extending guide passage 121 which extends inside the housing 1 into the working chamber 123 and in which a longitudinally movable touch element 4 is inserted, which is further sealed by the available seal 122 in the aforementioned passage 121. In the example shown, in this second part 12 of the housing 1 is available as a groove or a groove. a groove-shaped clip 124 through which said chamber 123 is connected to the exterior of the housing 1 and thus functionally constitutes part of the passage 2 for compressed air.

Tipalni element 4 sestoji iz vodilnega območja 41, ki se povečini nahaja v omenjenem vodilnem prehodu 121, njegov prosti konec 410 s pripadajočo čelno ploskvijo 411 pa sega ven iz ohišja 1, obenem pa tudi iz odebeljenega oz. razširjenega naležnega območja 42, ki po eni strani nalega na steni omenjene komore 123 na periferiji prehoda 121 in je po drugi strani oprt na kroglastem zapornem organu 3. Zahvaljujoč tovrstni zasnovi je omenjen tipalni element 4 sicer premakljiv v svoji vzdolžni smeri oz. soosno z vzmetjo 5, vendar po eni strani zgolj za omejeno in vnaprej določeno razdaljo L, po drugi strani pa v odvisnosti od jakosti nanj soosno in v nasprotnih smereh delujočih sil, namreč sile vzmeti 5 in vsakokrat merjene sile, ki deluje na čelno ploskev 411 tipalnega elementa 4.The probe element 4 consists of a guide region 41, which is mostly located in said guide passage 121, and its free end 410 with associated face 411 extends out of the housing 1 and at the same time from the thickened or. extended contact area 42, which on one side rests on the wall of said chamber 123 on the periphery of passage 121, and on the other is supported on a spherical closure body 3. Thanks to this design, said touching element 4 is otherwise movable in its longitudinal direction or. coaxially with the spring 5, but on the one hand only for a limited and predetermined distance L, and on the other hand, depending on the strength of the coaxial force and in the opposite directions of the acting forces, namely the force of the spring 5 and the measured force acting on the face 411 each time. of the touch element 4.

Ko je tipalo po izumu na primeren način pritrjeno v vsakokratnem merilnem območju in je nanj pričvrščen priključek 22 komprimiranega zraka, vzmet 5 odrine zaporni organ 3 vstran od naseda 21, posledično pa omenjeni organ 3 odrine tipalni element 4 v položaj, ko je čelna ploskev 41 najbolj oddaljena od ohišja 1 (L = 0). Komprimiran zrak doteka iz priključka 22 v prehod 2, namreč skozi luknjo 21 in zatem mimo naseda 21 ter po posnetju 124 praktično neovirano odteka iz ohišja 1.When the sensor according to the invention is appropriately secured in the respective measuring range and a compressed air connection 22 is attached thereto, the spring 5 is pushed away by the shut-off body 3 away from the seat 21, and consequently said body 3 pushes the touching element 4 into position when the face 41 farthest from housing 1 (L = 0). Compressed air flows from port 22 to passage 2, namely through hole 21 and then past seat 21 and, after being shot 124, flows virtually unobstructed from housing 1.

Ko ob tipalo namestimo merjenec, se slednji nasloni na čelno ploskev 41 tipala 4 in temu ustrezno se tipalni element 4 premakne v vzdolžni smeri in odrine zaporni organ 3 proti sili vzmeti 5 v smeri proti nasedu 21. S tem se razpoložljivi presek prehoda 2 za komprimiran zrak zmanjša, temu ustrezno pa se spremenijo tlačne razmere. Kadar prisotnost merjenca povzroči tolikšen premik tipala 4, da je dosežen največji možen premik L tipala 4, se prehod 2 komprimiranega zraka popolnoma zapre.When the gauge is mounted next to the sensor, the latter rests on the face surface 41 of the sensor 4, and accordingly the sensor element 4 moves in a longitudinal direction and pulls the locking body 3 against the force of the spring 5 in the direction of the seat 21. This allows the available cross-section 2 for compression the air decreases and the pressure conditions change accordingly. When the presence of the gauge causes the sensor 4 to move so far that the maximum displacement L of the sensor 4 is reached, the compressed air passage 2 closes completely.

Strokovnjaku bo nedvomno razumljivo, da je spremembe tlaka komprimiranega zraka v odvisnosti od spremembe položaja tipalnega elementa 4 oz. vsakokratne razdalje L možno spremljati na osnovi vključitve tipala v primeren pnevmatski tokokrog, ki vključuje tudi vsaj en na skici neprikazan merilnik tlaka. Obenem je očitno, da tovrstno tipalo omogočalo natančno merjenje vsakokratne oddaljenosti površine merjenca od referenčne ravnine tudi v najtežjih pogojih merjenja, npr. na obdelovalnem stroju, kjer so prisotne nečistoče, maščobe, ostružki, prah ali celo pri povišani temperaturi. Tem pogojem je namreč izpostavljen zgolj izven ohišja segajoč del tipalnega elementa 4 vključno s čelno ploskvijo, medtem ko je sam prehod 2 za komprimiran zrak na zanesljiv način zaščiten pred tovrstnimi vplivi.It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the change in pressure of the compressed air depends on the change of position of the touch element 4 or. the respective distances L can be monitored by incorporating a sensor into a suitable pneumatic circuit, which includes at least one non-illustrated pressure gauge. At the same time, it is obvious that this type of sensor allows accurate measurement of each distance of the surface of the meter from the reference plane even in the most difficult measuring conditions, e.g. on a machine where impurities, fats, shavings, dust or even at elevated temperature are present. Namely, the extending part of the touch element 4, including the face, is exposed to these conditions, while the compressed air passage 2 itself is reliably protected against such influences.

Claims

PATENT APPLICATIONS

A pneumatic sensor that can be connected to any pneumatically available circuit with at least one pressure gauge and consisting of a housing (1) and compressed air inlet (22) connected thereto, including at least one shut-off body (3) with an associated sealing bolt (3). 21) for opening or closing or closing a passage (2) for compressed air, characterized in that a seat (21) with an associated shut-off body (2) is provided in the compressed air passage (2) inside the externally closed housing (1). 3), wherein said closure body (3) is supported on the one hand by a spring (5) and, on the other, resting on the said spring (3) coaxial and partly extending from the housing (1) by the touch element (4), which is movable in its longitudinal direction by a predetermined distance (L).

Pneumatic sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressed air passage (2) is formed by a hole (20) in the housing (1) together with a supply port (22) and a blind hole (111) adapted thereto. receiving the spring (3) and comprising a tapered recessed seat (21) for receiving a spherical shut-off body (3), together with an outlet clip (124) through which the inside of the housing (1) is connected to the outside.

Pneumatic sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, on the outside of the housing (1), the free end (410) extending into the guide passage (121) of the housing (1) is inserted and sealed (122) by the sealed touch element (4). Adjustable front face (411) for mounting on each measuring point.

Pneumatic sensor according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the outlet passage (124) for expelling compressed air from the housing (1) is oriented in a direction at least substantially perpendicular to the plane of the face (411) of the touch element (4). .

A pneumatic sensor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spring (5) is a pressure screw spring.

Pneumatic sensor according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shut-off body (3) is designed as an axially symmetrical geometric body which, on the sealing groove (21), fits in with the contracted or closed joint. by continuous line settlement.

A pneumatic sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that the shut-off body (3) is designed as a ball.

Pneumatic sensor according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the touch element (4) consists of a guide region (41) and is movable in a longitudinal direction in the guide passage (121) of the housing (1) and sealed in the latter. with the help of the gasket (122), as well as the thickened or. an extended contact area (42) supported on the periphery of the pressure chamber (123) inside the housing (1) and thereby adapted to limit the longitudinal movement of the touch element (4) and at the same time to cooperate with the shut-off body (3).

A pneumatic sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the housing (1) is made of two parts (11, 12) that are interconnected by means of screws (13).