SI21441A - Maize-picking device - Google Patents

Abstract

The intention of the invention is to design a tractor-towed maize-picking device, as simple as possible, which would be suitable to attain essentially higher degrees of utilisation as it would be feasible in the case of so far known towed devices. The device according to the invention consists of a mobile frame (1) which comprises a towing bar (2) for the attachment to a tractor, a collecting vessel (15) and an optional number of picking units (6', 6''). Close to the latter, a collecting assembly (7) foreseen for collecting maize cobs separated from maize stems is installed, whose driving assembly (5) is driven by means of a transmission assembly (3) available on the frame (1) and which can be connected to a tractor's driving shaft by means of a shaft (4) or a similar transmission element. According to the invention, the mobile frame (1) is modified alternatively for mounting either a maize husking unit (9) or a maize shelling unit (8). Thus a better utilisation of the device is attained, since it can be used both for picking maize in the earlier period of maturity in order to produce husked maize cobs and also in the later period of maturity - after a simple modification - for picking maize in the sense of producing only maize grains with a relatively low moisture content.

Description

Maize harvester

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely maize harvesting machines, namely those without self-propelled machinery which are intended to be towed by means of a suitable towing device, in particular a tractor.

When harvesting maize, certain objectives must be pursued, taking account of the conditions available at all times. First and foremost, it should be borne in mind that this is a seasonal task that must be completed in the most efficient way in a relatively short period of time. Although a variety of devices are available for this purpose, it is obvious that any such maize harvester is in use only a few days a year and is therefore extremely underutilized.

Based on the characteristics of maize during its maturing and harvesting period, it is generally possible to define two methods of harvesting, which depend on the degree of maturity of the maize, or. humidity of corn kernels on cones. At an earlier stage of maize maturity, grain moisture is still relatively high, so maize is harvested in cones. In this method of harvesting, the cones are separated from the stem, followed by the so-called makeup, which means the removal of wrapped leaves from said cone around the cone. In this case, the final product of harvesting is corn cones, which still contain corn grain, which is therefore removed from the stubble together with the cones.

In the later period of maize maturity, when the relative humidity of the grain decreases below a certain limit, the cones are also harvested in the first step, which is then removed from the cone around the cone and then removed during the maize harvest. grain. The harvesting product in this case is corn grain, without cones and larvae. leaves that are cut and / or scattered across the site during harvest.

Based on the foregoing circumstances, in particular the method of harvesting with respect to the degree of maturity of the maize and the relatively short period of time during which such devices are usable, the invention is based on the problem of how to design as simply as possible with the aid of a suitable hauler, in particular with the aid of a conventional agricultural tractor, a towed maize harvester suitable for achieving a significantly higher utilization rate than is practicable with the hitch hitherto known, since it could be used for maize harvesting at an earlier stage of maize maize cones and subsequently, at a later stage of maize maturity, on the basis of a simple modification, also to harvest maize in terms of producing only maize grain with a relatively low moisture content.

Efforts to maximize the use of devices have long been known. DEOS 1 934 418 thus describes a maize harvesting device, which is designed as a combine harvester, ie as a mobile device with its own propulsion unit, which is equipped with a picking unit arranged in front of the device according to the direction of travel. In order to avoid the need to use an additional device for cutting stems, i.e. The straw cutter, which would remove the stems after harvesting the corn from the site and thus prepare the field for plowing, was proposed to attach an appropriately modified straw cutter to the device under consideration next to the harvesting unit. The device as such is relatively complex and, given the short shelf life, extremely poorly utilized despite the said measure. Its use may only make sense for the treatment of large enough surfaces, which are only available in some countries or countries. regions around the world. The device essentially does not solve the above mentioned problem, but it is cited primarily to illustrate the need to rationalize the harvest, which is obvious.

It is further from YU 272681 oz. FR 19820019292 oz. a well-known maize harvester designed as a self-propelled tractor. The device is connected to the tractor and its components are driven by a PTO shaft, which is available on the tractor for the purpose of driving tractor attachments. The device comprises a wheeled chassis, which has tear-off mouths that are directed in the direction of travel and are intended to separate the corn cones from the corn stalks. A crusher is provided for crushing the stems. The torn cones travel to the makeup, which consists of anti-roll rotating cylinders that run in the direction of travel. The apparatus comprises a fan that directs the corn cones and removes the leaves from the corn cone. The oiled cones, on which the grain is still present, are then transported by means of a conveyor to a collecting tank, which is also equipped with the device under consideration. In comparison to the devices available at the time for modern and sophisticated devices, their use is nevertheless connected with many disadvantages. The first disadvantage is that the device comprises only a makeup unit, which means that it is only useful for maize harvesting at an earlier maize maturity period. This means, on the one hand, that the entire maize crop needs to be harvested in a very short time interval, and on the other hand, because of this short-term usability, this device is also extremely underutilized. It should also be kept in mind that the capacity of the collection container is limited and the storage of cones of maize grain present requires significantly more space than the storage of the grain without cones. Correspondingly less rational is the cultivation of the maize so harvested.

On the other hand, there are also known devices for separating corn kernels from corn cobs, namely for carrying out so-called robbery. One of these is described in EP 0 396 968 BI. It is a device for the so-called tangential wrestling. a device with a tensile flow rate to handle the intended cones. Such a device comprises a grooved rotary cylinder which is rotatable about its longitudinal axis and at which circumference there are substantially sinusoidal projections or projections in the profile. concave, which, as slightly rounded ribs or. the grooves extend in the longitudinal direction of said cylinder. The curved grille of the coarse screen is mounted at the appropriate distance with the latter. A wedge-shaped space is provided between said grate and the cylinder circumference, the distance between the circumference of the cylinder and the grille in the direction of rotation of the cylinder gradually decreases from a diameter corresponding to the average diameter of the corn cone still present in the grain to a diameter of at least approximately corresponds to the diameter of the cone with the grain removed. When the cone enters the area of the rotating cylinder, it enters the corresponding recess between the two adjacent ribs on the cylinder and travels around the circumference of the cylinder until it hits the said grid. Upon contact with the grille in the area of said wedge space, the cone rotates about its axis, while the grain is dropped from it. The maize grain, together with any parts of the cone present, falls through said grate, also known as the coarse sieve, to a lower fine sieve that leaves only the grain but not the larger cone parts. During the fall, said particles are exposed to a strong air stream created by a suitable fan designed to clean the grain and transport the cones or debris to the cone crusher, from where the cone fragments fall to the field where they are left to collapse. The grain is transported to the collection tank via a suitable screw conveyor or elevator. The advantage of this maize harvester is that the harvesting product is pure grain, the storage and transport of which is much more rational than the storage and transportation of the grain together with the cones. The problem with using such a device, however, is that it is only applicable at a later stage of maize maturity, when grain moisture is relatively low and the grain is firm enough to separate it from the cones without any significant damage to the grain. In this case, too, it is a relatively short period of useful life of the device, which, moreover, is usually associated with a higher risk of weather suitability for harvesting.

The present invention is concerned with a maize harvester, which is connected to the respective hauler by means of ores and is hauled by the latter. Therefore, this device does not comprise its own drive unit, so its operating elements are driven by the drive shaft provided for the said drawbar. Further, such a device consists of a mobile frame which, in addition to said ore, comprises a collecting vessel and a desired number of trading units. The latter includes a collecting assembly intended to be collected and routed in the area of the trading units from the maize stalks of the separate maize cones, and the drive assembly of which is driven by means of an available transmission assembly which is connected via an appropriate shaft or similar transmission element to the aforementioned drive shaft of the towing device. According to the invention, said mobile frame is adapted for the alternative attachment of either a pendulum unit or a robber unit, and in the preferred embodiment, a lacquer unit or a pendulum unit is present in each case. an external conveyor is mounted on the crank unit and the collecting vessel. The alternative attachment site of either the makeup unit or the robbery unit on the mobile frame is preferably provided behind said collecting unit. Generally, the mobile frame is adapted for the alternative attachment of either the make-up unit together with the associated external conveyor for transporting corn cobs to the collection container or the robber unit together with the associated external conveyor for transporting corn grain to the collection container. Said makeup unit comprises at least an internal conveyor and at the same time an inside conveyor and spacer cylinders arranged thereon, both of which may be driven by means of an available transmission assembly on the mobile frame. The preferred embodiment of the make-up unit comprises at least an internal conveyor and a roller arrangement arranged below it, as well as at least one external conveyor intended for the transportation of corn cones from the make-up unit to the collecting vessel, wherein said make-up rollers and said conveyors can be driven by means of a mobile frame available transmission assembly. The rogue unit of the device according to the invention generally comprises at least an internal conveyor and a rotary rogue element arranged next to it, with a coarse grille placed below it, in particular, a fine grille, with the advantage of the construction of the rocco unit as well as at least one crushing element. in particular a rotary crushing element arranged - in the direction of travel - behind said rotary crusher. In this case, the internal conveyor and the laterally arranged rotary rotor element of the rotor unit can be driven by means of an available transmission assembly on the mobile frame. In the most preferred embodiment of the device, the edging unit, in addition to the external conveyor intended for transporting corn grain from the area of the edible unit to the collecting vessel, comprises at least a rotary crushing conveyor element and, depending on the direction of travel, a rotational edging element along which, in particular, beneath it is a coarse grille, and below the coarse grille. Further, in a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, there is provided a means for creating an air flow in the opposite direction of travel at least in the area between the coarse grille and the fine grille arranged below the latter, said means also being able to be driven by means of an available transmission assembly on the mobile frame.

The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, where it shows

FIG. 1 mobile frame for maize harvester;

FIG. 2 is a mobile frame according to FIG. 1 together with the makeup unit while mounting it on said frame or. while removing the makeup unit from said frame;

FIG. 3 a maize harvester in one of the two alternative configurations, namely, with a makeup unit mounted on a mobile frame, in a longitudinal section along that unit;

FIG. 4 is a mobile frame according to FIG. 1 together with the edge of the mud unit during mounting it on said frame or. while removing the robber unit from said frame; and FIG. 5 a maize harvester in the remaining of the two alternative configurations, i. with a roughened unit on a mobile frame shown in a longitudinal section along that unit.

In FIG. 1 shows a mobile frame 1, which is basically intended for towing by means of a non-shown towing device, in particular a conventional tractor, and at the same time for attaching and operating the assemblies attached thereto, which will be described in more detail below. Said drive is basically done by means of a PTO or other shaft available on the respective drawbar.

The frame 1 is provided at the opposite end of the drawbar with the drawbar 2 and the transmission assembly 3, the drive of which is provided on the basis of the connection with said drawbar shaft, in the case in question, through the shaft 4, which in FIG. 1 is schematically illustrated by the dashed line. The drawbar 2 is located on the inside of the frame 1 directly behind the central longitudinal line of the drawbar. On the outside of said frame 1, i.e. at the corresponding distance from said central longitudinal line in the transverse direction, two substantially parallel tear-off units, respectively, are provided on frame 1 in the present case. mouths 6 ', 6, i.e. two pairs in the direction of travel of running, parallel and properly spaced carriers. Each harvesting unit 6 ', 6 is designed to have the desired gap, which is wider than the diameter of the unmanifested corn stem and substantially narrower than the diameter of the unmanifested corn cones, while being taken forward and downwards. While picking corn, frame 1 moves in the direction of travel, with the stems entering said gaps, separating the cones from the stems.

Directly behind the said nozzles 6 ', 6' there is a worm collector assembly 7 on the frame 1, whose drive unit 5 is driven by the aforementioned transmission assembly 3. Separate corn cones are collected from the stalks 7, which are separated from the stems. are oriented simultaneously in such a way that the longitudinal axis of each cone extends in the transverse direction of the frame 1 or. perpendicular to the direction of travel and in a plane at least substantially parallel to the ground.

The frame 1 is also provided with a collecting vessel 15 shown in FIG. 2 to 5 and intended for the collection and transportation of maize cones and / or maize grain.

In FIG. 2 and 3 show the first of two alternative versions of the configuration of the maize harvester according to the invention. It is an embodiment that allows the cones to be separated from the corn stalks first, and then the makeup, i.e. removal of wrapping leaves from corn cones. For this purpose, a make-up unit 9 is provided, which is quickly and easily attached to said mobile frame 1 before use, and is also quickly and easily removable after use from said frame 1. The attachment of the make-up unit 9 also means the connection of this unit 9 to the transmission unit 3, thereby ensuring the proper drive of the active parts of this unit 9.

The makeup unit 9 of FIG. 2 shown in position when removed from frame 1 (still). The location of the attachment of the makeup unit 9 to the frame 1 is indicated by 19, and in general, the attachment of the unit 9 to the frame 1 may be made e.g. in a manner known to those skilled in the art, in particular e.g. s when screwing.

The checkered unit 9 comprises an inner conveyor 18 and is pressed relative to each other by the rotating roller cylinders 18, and is optionally provided with an external conveyor 16 '. The actuation of the rollers 18 and both conveyors 16 ', 17 is ensured by means of the transmission unit 3 of the frame 1, either indirectly through the drive unit 5 of the collecting assembly 7 or directly.

When a separate maize cone reaches the collecting unit 7 from the maize stem, it is routed transversely to the direction of travel, and then rolled into the makeup unit 9. The inner conveyor 17 takes care of the even distribution of the cones throughout the width on the makeup rollers 18, with the cones they gradually peel off the wrapping leaves, thus removing the so-called. larvae. With the help of an external conveyor 16 ', the larvae cones with the presence of maize grain are transported to the collecting vessel 15. For the device in the present configuration, maize cones are then collected in the collecting vessel 15 together with the unrooted maize grain.

In FIG. 4 and 5 show the remaining of the two alternative versions of the configuration of the maize harvester according to the invention. It is an embodiment that allows the cones to be separated from the corn stalks first, and then the grating at the same time as the makeup, i.e. separating the grain and the larva from the cones and then separating the grain from the larva and the cones. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that, prior to use on the aforementioned mobile frame 1, instead of the aforementioned make-up unit 9, it is quick and easy to install the edge unit 8, which is then quickly and easily removable after use from said frame 1.

The robber unit 8 comprises an internal conveyor 10, a rotary robber element 11, a rotary crusher conveyor element 13 and a coarse grate 12 and a fine grille 14, except in this case an external conveyor 16. Drive of the cylinders 11, 13 and conveyors 10, 16 is provided by means of the transmission unit 3 of the frame 1, also in this case, either indirectly via the drive unit 5 of the collector assembly 7 or directly.

When the corn stem removed from the corn stem reaches the collecting unit 7, it is routed transversely according to the direction of travel, and then rolled to the internal conveyor 10 of the milling unit 8, which moves in the unchanged direction to the area of the working rotary milling element 11 at which or. beneath which is a coarse grate 12. Depending on the direction of travel behind said scraper element 11, there is a crushing conveyor element 13, the task of which is crushing or grinding. tearing of frayed cones and removing or removing the cones. transporting residues thereof and, where appropriate, larvae from the area of the robbery unit 8. Robbery, i.e. removal of the grain from the cones is done by rubbing the cones along said coarse grid 12, whereby the larvae are removed from the cone and the grain removed. The purpose of gambling is to obtain corn kernels while discarding the larva and cones. The grains are falling

-1010 through the coarse grate 12 to the fine grate 14, which holds the grain. it is diverted to an external conveyor 16 ”adapted for transporting the grain into the collecting vessel 15. Separation of the larva and any loose parts of the cones, stems or other unwanted particles from the grain is carried out partly already in the area between the miter element 11 and the coarse grate 12, finally and in the area above the fine grate 14 oz. 12. One of the possible ways of separating the grain from said waste is separation by means of an air stream, which is created by means of a suitable ventilation which is not shown separately in the sketch, but may be driven by a transmission assembly 3, again either indirectly through the drive unit 5 of the collector assembly 7 or directly. The airflow is directed in the opposite direction of travel and, during the fall of the grain, along with the unwanted remnants of the larvae and cones from the area of the coarse grate 12, takes all but the grain itself to the fine grate 14.

In the preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the external conveyors 16 ', 16' of the make-up unit 9 and the robber unit 8 differ from each other, which is not generally necessary. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the conveyor 16 'of the makeup unit 9 is particularly suitable for transporting bulky material, namely corn cones, while the conveyor 16 of FIG. 5 is especially suitable for transporting bulk or grain material, namely corn grain. In general, the outer conveyor 16 ', 16 could be standardized so as to be suitable for the transport of bulky and / or bulk material, without even removing the conveyor 16, 16' when removing each of said units 8, 9.

The maize intended for harvest is suitable for makeup but not for gouging at an earlier stage of maturity. Therefore, during this period, the make-up unit 9, with its associated external conveyor 16 ', is installed on the mobile frame 1, which also contains the collecting vessel 15, which, during the harvesting of maize, allows the transport of the made-up corn cones from the area of the make-up unit 9 to the collecting vessel 15.

-1111

Later, at the stage of complete maturity of the maize, the larvae unit 9 is removed from the frame 1 and a frame unit 8 is mounted on the frame. Optionally, an external conveyor 16 ', 16 is also replaced, while all other parts of the frame 1 including the collecting vessel 15 remain in place. and unchanged.

It will be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that, thanks to the possibility of alternatively positioning the respective makeup unit 9 or the harvesting unit 8, it is usable throughout the harvesting period, from the earliest to the latest stage of maturity, so that it can be better utilized. The initial investment for the purchase of this type of device is significantly lower than the investment for the purchase of two special devices, each of which is usable only at a significantly shorter time interval than the device of the invention. Advantages are also evident in maintenance, spare parts and other areas.

Claims (15)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. A maize harvesting device, namely, by means of an ore (2), a device which is connected to the respective traction device and, without the propulsion system of its own, whose working elements are driven by the propulsion shaft of the said traction device for this purpose. the apparatus consists of a mobile frame (1) which, in addition to said ore (2), comprises a collecting vessel (15) and a desired number of tear-off units (6 ', 6), adjacent to the collecting assembly (7) intended for collection and routing in the area of the harvesting units (6 ', 6') from the maize stalks of the separate maize cones and whose drive assembly (5) is driven by a transaxle assembly (3) available through the corresponding shaft (4) through the corresponding shaft (4), or of a similar transmission element connected to the aforementioned drive shaft of the towing device, characterized in that the mobile frame (1) is adapted for alternative attachment of either the make-up unit (9) or the edge unit (8). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile frame (1) is adapted for alternative attachment of either the make-up unit (9) or the edge-set unit (8), with in each case a make-up unit (9) or. robber unit (8) and an external conveyor (16 ', 16) are installed in the collecting tank (15). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile mounting frame (1), in the direction of travel, is provided with an alternative attachment position (19) for either the make-up unit (9) or the edge unit (8) behind the collecting assembly (7). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile frame (1) is adapted for alternative attachment of either the make-up unit (9) together with the associated external conveyor (16 ') for transporting the corn cobs to the collecting vessel (15) or robbery -1313 units (8) together with the associated external conveyor (16) for transporting maize grain to the collection vessel (15). Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the makeup unit (9) comprises an internal conveyor (17) and rotating makeup rollers (18) arranged below it. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the make-up unit (9) comprises at least an internal conveyor (17) and arranged make-up cylinders (18), both driven by means of mobile transmissions (1) available on the mobile frame (1). assembly (3). Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the make-up unit (9) comprises at least an internal conveyor (17) and arranged underneath the roller cylinders (18) as well as at least one external conveyor (16 ') intended for the transport of corn cones from the areas of the makeup unit (9) to the collection vessel (15). Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the make-up unit (9) comprises at least an internal conveyor (17) and arranged underneath the roller cylinders (18) as well as at least one external conveyor (16 ') for transporting corn cones from the suction units (9) to the collection vessel (15), wherein said suction cylinders (18) and said conveyor (16 ', 17) are driven by means of an available transmission assembly (3) on the mobile frame (1). Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the edging unit (8) comprises at least an internal conveyor (10) and a rotary edging element (11) arranged next to it, with a coarse grille arranged in particular below it. (12) and below the latter a fine grid (14). -1414 Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the edging unit (8) - in the direction of travel - also comprises the crushing element (13) behind said rotary edging element (11). Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the internal conveyor (10) and the rotating rotor element (11) of the rotor unit (8) are disposed along the latter, via an available transmission assembly (3) on the mobile frame (1). Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the edging unit (8), in addition to the external conveyor (16), which is intended for transporting maize grain from the area of the edging unit (8) to the collection vessel (15), comprises at least one further crushing element (13) and a rotary robber element (11) disposed in relation to the direction of travel in front of the latter, with a coarse grate (12) and a fine grille (14) placed substantially below it. . Apparatus according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that it comprises a means for generating airflow in the opposite direction of travel at least in the area between the coarse grate (12) and the fine grate (14) arranged below it. Apparatus according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that it comprises means for generating an air flow in the opposite direction of travel at least in the area between the coarse grate (12) and the fine grate (14) arranged below it, said means driven by means of an available transmission assembly (3) on the mobile frame (1). Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotor unit (8) - in the direction of travel - behind said rotary rotor element (11) also comprises a rotary crusher transport element (13).