SI21335A

SI21335A - Families of combined replaceable fuses with surge and/or overvoltage protection

Info

Publication number: SI21335A
Application number: SI200200249A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Vladimir Murko
Original assignee: Mag. Vladimir Murko Univ.Dipl.Ing.
Priority date: 2002-10-16
Filing date: 2002-10-16
Publication date: 2004-04-30

Abstract

The family of combined replaceable fuses, which protect against lightning and/or overvoltages integrates the features of round melting or other fuses for low voltage supply networks of up to 1000 V and the features of lightning surge arrestors for standard 10/350 microseconds pulses of class I and/or features of overvoltage arrestors for 8/20 microseconds test pulses of class II and III according to IEC standards. This family includes a single enclosure with two or three terminals, standard and enhanced ones and generally provides a replacement for fuses or protective cartridges in the vertical direction like for example melting cartridges, round cartridges, possibility of replacing non self-extinguishable or self-extinguishable gas arrestor for protecting against direct lightning impact and/or replaceable varistor cartridge with thermal protection or protective ribbon or filament as well as an error indicator.

Description

Predmet prijave je družina izmenljivih varovalk z zaščito proti streli in/ali prenapetosti. Predmeti te vrste so po mednarodni klasifikaciji uvrščeni v razreda H02/H9/04 in H03H3/04DThe subject of the application is a family of interchangeable fuses with lightning and / or surge protection. Articles of this kind are classified in classes H02 / H9 / 04 and H03H3 / 04D by international classification.

Izum združuje lastnosti okroglih topljivih ali drugih varovalk za nizko napetostno napajalno mrežo, do 1000 V, in lastnosti zaščitnih odvodnikov proti streli za standardni impulz oblike 10/350 mikro sekund iz razreda I in/ali lastnosti odvodnikov prenapetosti za preizkusni impulz oblike 8/20 mikro sekund iz razreda II in III po standardih IEC v enotnem ohišju.The invention combines the properties of round soluble or other fuses for low voltage power supply, up to 1000 V, and the properties of lightning arresters for standard 10/350 micro seconds Class I pulse and / or the characteristics of surge arresters for 8/20 micro test pulses of Class II and III seconds according to IEC standards in a single housing.

Izum se razširi na več družin kombiniranih odvodnikov strele in/ali prenapetosti in varovalnih vložkov. Zanj je potreben razvoj novih aktivnih elementov zaščite in varovalnih vložkov.The invention extends to several families of combined lightning arresters and / or surge arresters and protective inserts. It requires the development of new active elements of protection and protective inserts.

Stanje tehnikeThe state of the art

Do sedaj so se varovalke izdelovale samostojno in odvodniki direktnega udara strele samostojno in odvodniki prenapetosti tudi samostojno. Zavzemali so velik prostor in več montažnega in vzdrževalnega dela ter so bili v skupnem enakem učinkovanju dražji.Until now, fuses have been made independently and lightning arresters have been fired independently and surge arresters have been made independently. They occupied a large space and more assembly and maintenance work and were more expensive overall.

Tudi po standardizaciji se ti izdelki ločujejo.Varovalke so zajete v mednarodnih standardih IEC tehničnega komiteja TC 32, odvodniki pa v standardih IEC TC 37. Odvodniki se vgrajujejo v smeri vodnik proti zemlji, varovalke pa v same fazne vodnike v vzdolžni smeri prehajanja energije.Varovalke so stalno v funkciji .odvodniki pa le v primeru prekoračitve določenih električnih vrednosti.Odvodniki se razvrščajo v I. skupino odvodnikov za direktni udar strele po IEC standardih , ali B skupino po standardih VDE , v Ii. skupino po IEC ali razred C po VDE in III.skupino odvodnikov po IEC ali razred D po VDE.Even after standardization, these products are separated. Fuses are covered by the international standards of the IEC TC 32 Technical Committee, and arresters in the IEC TC 37 standards. Arresters are installed in the direction of the earth conductor and the fuses in the phase conductors themselves in the longitudinal direction of energy transfer. Arresters are permanently in function. Arresters are only in case of exceeding certain electrical values. Arresters are classified in group I of archers for direct lightning strike according to IEC standards, or B group according to VDE standards, in Ii. group according to IEC or class C according to VDE and III group of arresters according to IEC or class D according to VDE.

Zadnji trije so zajeti še največ v standardih tehničnih komitejev IEC TC 81 Zaščita stavb in TC 84 Inštalacijska pravila .The last three are covered most by the standards of the technical committees of IEC TC 81 Building Protection and TC 84 Installation Rules.

V zadnjem letu dni se pojavljajo odvodniki zaščite, ki kombinirajo razred I in II, a jih predstavljajo iskrišča. Med varovalkami so najbolj razširjene avtomatske, ki so predmet drugega izuma in varovalke s topljivimi okroglimi vložki, ki so predmet delov tega izuma.Over the last year or so, there have been surge arresters that combine Class I and Class II but are represented by sparks. The most widely used fuses are the automatic ones which are the subject of the second invention and the fuses with soluble round inserts which are the subject of parts of this invention.

Prednosti izumaAdvantages of the invention

S tem izumom so možne izvedbe različnih naprav, ki poprej niso bila nikoli v istem ohišju za en pol, ali dva pola to je fazo ali nevtralni vodnik, ali več faz . Ekološko manj obremenjujoči, prostorsko manjši in ekonomsko ter funkcijonalno popolnejši imajo številne prednosti v številnih varijantnih izvedbah v istih ohišjih kot so :With the present invention, it is possible to implement different devices which have never been in the same housing for one pole, or two poles, ie a phase or a neutral conductor, or several phases. Ecologically less burdensome, space-less and economically and functionally more complete, they have many advantages in many variants in the same housings as:

1. Družina enopolnih varovalk v istem ohišju, ki so označene kot samostojne izvedbe so izvedena v splošnem na naslednji način:1. A family of single-pole fuses in the same enclosure, which are designated as stand-alone designs, are generally implemented as follows:

- varovalke same s toplotno varovalnim vložkom v različnem ohišju,- fuses themselves with thermal insulation in a different housing,

- odvodnik strele v ohišju,- lightning arrester in the housing,

- odvodnik prenapetosti z zamenljivimi na primer cevastimi ali okroglimi metaloksidnimi varistorskimi moduli,- surge arrester with interchangeable tubular or circular metal oxide varistor modules, for example,

- odvodnik prenapetosti z nezamenljivimi termično varovanimi varistorskimi zaščitami,- surge arrester with irreplaceable thermally protected varistor protections,

- odvodnik prenapetosti s tem, da se lahko v različne izdelke te družine vgrajuje: ali vložek varovalke, ali zaščite v obliki energetskega plinskega odvodnika v smeri N-PE za impulz strele ali zaščite za impulz strele za fazne vodnike v obliki samougasljivega plinskega odvodnika z vžigno visoko napetostno elektrodo in elementi za pripravo vžiga, varistorjem, transformatorjem ali plinskim odvodnikom- surge arrester, which may be fitted to different products of this family: either a fuse box, or protection in the form of an energy gas arrester in the N-PE direction for a lightning impulse, or protection for a lightning impulse for phase conductors in the form of a self-extinguishing gas arrester with ignition high voltage electrode and ignition preparation elements, varistors, transformers or gas arresters

- v istih ohišjih le odvodnik prenapetostne zaščite razreda II., po IEC standardih, po pričakovanjih za najbolj množično izvedbo, z novo izumljenim zamenljivim okroglim cevastim ali plaščastim varistorskim vložkom .- in the same enclosures, only a Class II surge arrester, according to IEC standards, as expected for the most massive version, with a newly invented replaceable circular tubular or sheath varistor insert.

Varistorski cevasti vložek ima odvodno sposobnost In najamnj 15 kA in lmax 30-40 kA, odvisno od nazivne napetosti, za preizkusni impulz oblike 8/20.The varistor tubular insert has a drainage capability of And leases 15 kA and lmax 30-40 kA, depending on the rated voltage, for the 8/20 test pulse.

2. Družina kombiniranih izvedb zaščite za en pol (en pol je ena faza ali N) kot zgoraj kot kombinacije med varovalkami , samougasljivimi ali ne , odvodniki strele in odvodniki prenapetosti hkrati za razrede I in II .2. A family of combined single-pole (one-pole or N-phase) shield designs as above as combinations of fuses, self-extinguishing or not, lightning arresters and surge arresters for Classes I and II simultaneously.

3. Družina enofaznih zaščit v istem ohišju za dvopolno ščitenje lahko z različno vsebino aktivnih podsestavov, ki varuje pred strelo za preskusni impulz 10/350 in prenapetostjo za preskusni impulz 10/350 enofazno mrežo to je fazo in nevtralni vodnik hkrati.3. A family of single-phase protectors in the same two-pole shield housing may have different contents of active subassemblies protecting against lightning for a 10/350 test pulse and a surge for a 10/350 single-phase test pulse, that is, a phase and a neutral conductor at the same time.

4. Družina trofaznih zaščitnih modulov ali v dveh ohišjih za trofazne mreže, vključujejo v splošnem iste dvopolne elemente kot združene enofazne zaščite. Lahko deluje brez vmesne sklopne induktivnosti kot I in II skupina odvodnikov hkrati ali ločeno. Izvedbe za TT , IT , TNC, in TN-CS mreže napajanja so prilagojene vsakokratni mreži.4. The family of three-phase protection modules or in two enclosures for three-phase nets shall generally contain the same two-pole elements as the combined single-phase protection. It can operate without intermediate circuit inductance as I and II group of arresters simultaneously or separately. The designs for the TT, IT, TNC, and TN-CS power grids are tailored to each grid.

5. Družina izdelkov kot je opisana zgoraj z dodanimi sponkami in elementi za daljinsko javljanje napak.5. The product family as described above with the added terminals and remote fault reporting elements.

6. Družina izdelkov za varovalke in odvodnike razreda III po IEC standardih v enotnem ohišju:6. Family of Class III fuses and arresters according to IEC standards in a single housing:

- prva izvedba je kombinirana in vključuje v splošnem vložek topljive varovalke in varistor s termičnim odklopom ,- the first version is combined and generally includes a soluble fuse box and a thermal disconnect varistor,

- druga izvedba je le prenapetostna zaščita v obliki vložka cevastega varistorja s termičnim odklopom. Ob poškodovanem cevastem varistorju se vložek menja kot sicer topljivi vložek varovalke. Nadomešča odvodnike zaščite razreda II, ki imajo izmenljivi modul zaščite.- the second embodiment is only an overvoltage protection in the form of a tubular varistor insert with thermal disconnection. When the tubular varistor is damaged, the cartridge is replaced as an otherwise soluble fuse cartridge. Replaces Class II arresters with a replaceable protection module.

- tretja izvedba je za varovanje enofazne mreže. Opremljena je v splošnem z dvema varsistorjema s termičnim odklopom. Poškodbe varistorja so redek pojav, še posebej, če so vgrajene v predhodnih stopnjah zaščite I. in II . razreda.- the third embodiment is for the protection of a single-phase network. It is generally equipped with two thermal disconnectors. Varistor damage is a rare occurrence, especially when installed in prior protection stages I and II. class.

Kratek opis slik:Short description of the pictures:

Izum je prikazan v podrobnostih razumljivih povprečnemu strokovnjaku na naslednjih risbah:The invention is shown in detail understandable to the average person in the following drawings:

Slika 1: Figure 1: Varovalka obstoječa v ohišju , viden je vklop in izklop za zmenljivost vložkov , Existing fuse inside the case, visible on and off for exchangeability of cartridges, Slika 2: Figure 2: Ohišje nove varovalke, kombinirane z zaščito, termični odklop z Housing new fuses combined with protection, thermal disconnection with Slika 3: Figure 3: ostjo za javljanje napak na okencu prikaže napako, Zamenljivi vtični vložki: topljive varovalke , tropolni plinski odvodnik strele , samougasljivega tropolnega plinskega odvodnika s prikazom visokonapetostnih elementov vžiga, transformatorja, prožilnega varistorja in odvodnika in cevastega varistorskega the error message box displays an error, Interchangeable plug inserts: soluble fuses, three-pole gas lightning arrester, self-extinguishing three-pole gas arrester with high-voltage ignition elements, transformer, actuator and arrester, and tubular varistor Slika 4: Figure 4: odvodnika prenapetosti ,ter cevastega varistorja z vgrajenim topljivim varovalnim trakom v pesku. Tipični novi varistorski odvodniški podsestavi za notranjost kombinirane varovalke in ali zaščite v I., II. in III. razredu surge arrester, and a tubular varistor with a built-in sandblasting tape. A typical new varistor drainage subassembly for the interior combined fuses and or protection in I., II. and III. class Slika 5: Figure 5: odvodnikov zaščite po IEC standardih Kombinirana varovalka s prenapetostno zaščito in bližnjo protection arresters according to IEC standards Combined fuse with surge protector and proximity Slika 6: Figure 6: indikacijo napake na varistorju. Kombinirana varovalka z zaščito proti streli in/ali prenapetostim In oboje ter nadomestni električni shemi z nizko preostalo error indication on varistor. Combined fuse with lightning and / or surge protection And both, and the low-residue alternate circuitry Slika 7: Figure 7: napetostjo. Združuje lastnosti Lin II. skupine odvodnikov zaščite in topljive varovalke v enem ohišju. Novi cevasti varistor z termično zaščito . tension. It combines the features of Lin II. protection arrester groups and soluble fuses in one housing. New tubular varistor with thermal protection. Slika 8: Figure 8: Odvodnik prenapetosti s cevastim izmenljivim varistorjem s termično zaščito za vgradnjo v ohišja Zaradi pomika rdečega čepa na vzmeti na prozornem okencu prikaže napako varovalke in odvodnika . Tubular surge arrester with tubular interchangeable varistor s thermal protection for mounting in housings Due to the displacement of red the spring stud on the window box shows the fuse failure and the arrester. Slika 9: Figure 9: Odvodnik strele v ohišju 1 ali 2 za en pol z nesamougasljivim plinskim odvodnikom in večplastnimi varistorji v seriji, bistveni sestavni deli. Lightning arrester in housing 1 or 2 for one pole with non-self-extinguishing gas arrester and multi-layer varistors in series, essential components. Slika 10: Figure 10: Enofazni odvodnik strele za dva pola s tropolnim samougasljivim plinskim odvodnikom in napravo za pripravo pred napetosti vžiga . Single-phase two-pole lightning arrester with three-pole self-extinguishing gas arrester and pre-ignition device.

Slikali: Enofazni odvodnik prenapetosti in dve električni možni shemi za II. razred odvodnikov zaščite po IEC standardih v ohišju 2.Painted: Single phase surge arrester and two electrical circuits for II. Class of protection arresters according to IEC standards in housing 2.

Slika 12: Enofazni kombinirani odvodnik strele in prenapetosti hkrati v enotnem ohišju ob preostali napetosti pod 900 V. Plinski odvodniki so podani v variantah možne uporabe .Figure 12: Single phase combined lightning arrester and surge arrester in a single housing with a residual voltage below 900 V. The gas arresters are given in possible applications.

Slika 13: Ena od trifaznih izvedb zaščite pred strelo in prenapetostmi hkrati s sestavljanjem dveh odvodnikov za dva pola vsak v ohišjih enofaznih izvedb po Sliki 12.Figure 13: One of the three-phase lightning and surge protection versions simultaneously by assembling two arresters for two poles each in single-phase housing according to Figure 12.

Slika 14: Trifazna zaščita s kombinacijo varovalk in zaščite v štirih ohišjih po na primer Sliki 6Figure 14: Three-phase protection with combination of fuses and protection in four enclosures, for example Figure 6

Slika 15: Shema odvodnikov z in brez daljinskega javljanja napakFigure 15: Array diagram with and without remote fault reporting

Slika 16: Shema kombinirane varovalke z zaščito z daljinskim javljanjem napak.Figure 16: Schematic of a combination fuse with remote fault protection.

Na Sliki 1 je podana naprava po izumu kot splošen primer na zamenljivem vložku 7 okrog14 mm okroglega preseka , v enotnem ohišju 1 z dvema ali kot na Sliki 2 v ohišju 2 z več priključnimi sponkami , standardne ali dopolnjene oblike, v katerem je v splošnem omogočena v vertikalni smeri zamenljivost varovalnih ali zaščitnih vložkov kot so na primer prednostni varovalni talilni vložek 7 , prednostni okrogli vložek nesamougasljivega 19 ali samougasljivega plinskega odvodnika 41 za zaščito pred direktnim udarom strele in /ali varistorski zamenljivi vložek 85, s termično zaščito 94 ali varovalnnim trakom ali nitko in indikatorjem napake 117, ki so prikazani na Sliki 3.Figure 1 shows the device according to the invention as a general example on a replaceable insert 7 about 14 mm in circular cross section, in a single housing 1 with two, or as in Figure 2 in a housing 2 with multiple terminals, of a standard or augmented shape, which is generally enabled in the vertical direction, the interchangeability of safety or protective inserts, such as, for example, a preferential fusible cartridge 7, a preferred circular cartridge of a non-self-extinguishing 19 or a self-extinguishing gas arrester 41 for protection against direct lightning strikes and / or a varistor replaceable cartridge 85, with thermal protection 94 or a protective tape thread and the error indicators 117 shown in Figure 3.

K omenjenim zamenljivim vložkom je v splošnem lahko v ohišju največkrat v dnu dodan v splošnem varistor različnih velikosti in oblik 20, vgrajen v variantah kot enoplastni 22 ali večplastni varistorski odvodnik 23 s termičnim odklopom 10 kot je prikazano na Sliki 4, nato pa še ali tudi ne plinski odvodnik 98 ali dva paralelno v seriji.Generally, a varistor of various sizes and shapes 20 may be added to said interchangeable inserts generally in the housing, in variants as a single-layer 22 or multi-layer varistor arrester 23 with thermal disconnection 10 as shown in Figure 4, and then or not a gas arrester 98 or two in series in series.

S tem izumom so v splošnem možne številne izvedbe različnih naprav, ki so zasnovane enkratno kot so :The present invention generally provides for numerous embodiments of various uniquely designed devices such as:

Družina enopolnih izvedb je po izumu v splošnem izvedena samostojno za varovalke 101 same , s prednostnim toplotno varovalnim vložkom7, v različnem ohišju 1 ali 2 kot je to v splošnem prikazano na Sliki 1 in Sliki 2 ali samostojno za odvodnike strele 61, tipično za zaščitni razred I., kot je prikazano na Sliki 10, v ohišju 2, ki prikazano na Sliki 2 s štirimi priključnimi sponkami ,ki imajo že večino lastnosti I. in II. skupine odvodnikov hkrati. Samostojno za odvodnik prenapetosti, zaščitnega razreda II., z zamenljivimi na primer cevastimi varistorskimi moduli 85 s termično zaščito kot je prikazan na Sliki 8, ali cevastimi varistorskimi moduli z vgrajeno topljivo varovalko v pesku za gasitev plazme v cevki varistorja v sredini 122. V splošnem je vključen prikazovalnik okvare 15 v prvem ohišju 1 prikazanem na Sliki 8 ali 17 v drugem ohišju 2 z varovalko in prenapetostno varistorsko zaščito 23 v dnu z nezamenljivimi termično varovanimi varistorskimi zaščitami 10 kot je prikazano na Sliki 4. Uporabi se lahko dosedanje ohišje varovalk 1 ali polovico sponk novega enotnega ohišja 2 za močnostne vodnike in pusti odprtine preostalih za lažji izpuh.The family of single-pole designs according to the invention is generally made independently for fuses 101 alone, with a preferred thermal insulation insert 7, in a different housing 1 or 2 as generally shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, or independently for lightning arresters 61, typical of the protective class I., as shown in Figure 10, in a housing 2 shown in Figure 2 with four terminal blocks, which already have most of the properties of I. and II. groups of arresters at a time. Independent of surge arrester, protective class II., With interchangeable, for example, tubular varistor modules 85 with thermal protection as shown in Figure 8, or tubular varistor modules with integrated fuse in sand for extinguishing plasma in the varistor tube in the middle 122. a fault display 15 in the first housing 1 shown in Figure 8 or 17 in the second housing 2 with a fuse and overvoltage varistor protection 23 in the bottom with irreplaceable thermally protected varistor protections 10 is included, as shown in Figure 4. The current fuse housing 1 or half clips of new single housing 2 for power leads and leaves openings remaining for lighter exhaust.

V različne izdelke te družine se vgrajujejo v splošnem : že omenjeni vložki varovalke 7, ali zaščite v obliki navedenega energetskega plinskega odvodnika 19 v smeri N-PE za impulz strele, ali zaščite za impulz strele za fazne vodnike v obliki omenjenega samougasljivega plinskega odvodnika 41 z vžigno visokonapetostno elektrodo 44 in elementi za pripravo tega vžiga, varistorjem, transformatorjem in plinskim odvodnikom 49 ali izdelek le odvodnik prenapetostne zaščite razreda II., po IEC standardih, po pričakovanjih za najbolj množično izvedbo, z novo izumljenim zamenljivim varistorskim vložkom 85 prikazanim na Sliki 7.The various products of this family are generally incorporated: the aforementioned fuse inserts 7, or the protection in the form of said N-PE lightning arrester in the lightning impulse, or the lightning impulse protection for the phase conductors in the form of said self-extinguishing gas arrester 41 z ignition high voltage electrode 44 and elements for the preparation of this ignition, varistors, transformers and gas arresters 49, or product only Class II surge arrester, by IEC standards, as expected for the most massive version, with the newly invented replaceable varistor cartridge 85 shown in Figure 7 .

Varistorski cevasti vložek 85, ima odvodno sposobnost In najmanj 15 kA in največ okrog 30-40 kA, odvisno od nazivne napetosti, za preskusni impulz oblike 8/20.The varistor tubular insert 85 has a drainage capacity of at least 15 kA and a maximum of about 30-40 kA, depending on the rated voltage, for the test pulse of 8/20 shape.

Družina enopolnih izvedb kot zgoraj je v splošnem kombinacije med že navedenimi varovalkami 7 , omenjenimi samougasljivimi ali ne , odvodniki strele 41 in navedenimi odvodniki prenapetosti 22, ali 23 itd. hkrati za razrede I in El kot je prikazana na Sliki 9.The family of single-pole versions as above is generally a combination of the above-mentioned fuses 7, whether self-extinguished or not, lightning arresters 41 and said surge arresters 22, or 23, etc. at the same time for Classes I and El as shown in Figure 9.

Najkompleksnejša v tej drugi družini je kombinirana izvedba enopolnih varovalk in zaščitnih odvodnikov, ki vključuje lastnosti: omenjene topljive varovalke 7, ki ni prikazana na sliki, odvodnika zaščite pred strelo s že navedenimi plinskimi odvodniki 41 in omenjenega odvodnika zaščite pred prenapetostmi z eno 22 ali večslojnimi varistorji 23 s preostalo napetostjo pri I imp pod 900 V v enem ohišju 2 dimenzij za en pol, v kateri je bila poprej le varovalka kar prikazuje Slika 12. Združuje v enem ohišju 2 poleg omenjene varovalke 101 še integrirani zaščitni odvodnik 95 I in II skupine hkrati kot to v splošnem prikazuje Slika 6 . Družina enofaznih zaščit v istem ohišju 2 za dvopolno ščitenje lahko v splošnem z različno vsebino aktivnih podsestavov varuje pred strelo za preizkusni impulz 10/350 in prenapetostjo za preizkusni impulz 10/350 enofazno mrežo to je fazo in nevtralni vodnik hkrati. Prikazana je na Sliki 11.The most complex in this second family is the combined implementation of single-pole fuses and surge arresters, which includes the features: said soluble fuse 7 not shown in the figure, a lightning arrester with the aforementioned gas arresters 41, and said surge arrester with one or more layers 22 or more varistors 23 with residual voltage at I imp below 900 V in one housing 2 dimensions for one pole, in which only the fuse was previously shown, Figure 12. Combines in one housing 2, in addition to the said fuse 101, an integrated protection arrester 95 of I and II groups at the same time as Figure 6 generally shows. A family of single-phase protectors in the same two-pole shield housing 2 can generally protect against lightning for a test pulse of 10/350 with a different content of active subassemblies and a surge for a test pulse of 10/350 single-phase grid, that is, a phase and a neutral conductor at the same time. It is shown in Figure 11.

Družina trofaznih zaščitnih modulov ali v dveh ohišjih 2 za trofazne mreže v splošnem vključujejo iste dvopolne elemente kot združene enofazne zaščite. Lahko deluje brez vmesne sklopne induktivnosti kot I in II skupina odvodnikov hkrati ali ločeno. Izvedbe zaTT(106), IT (107), TNC(108), in TN-CS mreže napajanja so prilagojene vsakokratni mreži in je prikazana shematsko na Sliki 14 in Sliki 16.A family of three-phase protection modules or in two enclosures 2 for three-phase networks generally include the same two-pole elements as combined single-phase protection. It can operate without intermediate circuit inductance as I and II group of arresters simultaneously or separately. The embodiments of the TT (106), IT (107), TNC (108), and TN-CS power grids are adapted to the respective grid and are shown schematically in Figure 14 and Figure 16.

Sem spada v splošnem tudi družina izdelkov kot je navedeno v predhodnem tekstu z dodanimi sponkami in elementi za daljinsko javljanje napak, zasnovana na omenjenem ohišju 2 varovalke z vhodi za 2 do 4 vodnike ter ima lahko še možne sponke daljinskega javljanja okvare . Prikazi so na Slikah 15 in 16. Družina izdelkov po tem izumu za varovalke in odvodnike razreda III po IEC standardih v omenjenem enotnem ohišju 2 ima v splošnem naslednje izvedbe: prva izvedba je kombinirana in vključuje vložek že omenjene topljive varovalke 7 in predhodno omenjen varistor 20 s termičnim odklopom 10. Druga izvedba je le prenapetostna zaščita v obliki že navedenega vložka cevastega varistorja 85 s termičnim odklopom 10 ali cevastega varistorja z vgrajeno topljivo varovalko .Ob poškodovanem cevastem varistorju 85 se vložek menja kot sicer topljivi vložek varovalke 7. Nadomešča odvodnike zaščite razreda II, ki imajo izmenljivi modul zaščite.This also generally includes the product family as mentioned above with the addition of terminals and remote fault reporting elements, based on said housing 2 fuses with inputs for 2 to 4 conductors and may also have possible remote fault reporting terminals. The illustrations are in Figures 15 and 16. The product family of this invention for Class III fuses and arresters according to IEC standards in said single housing 2 generally has the following embodiments: the first embodiment is combined and includes the insert of the already mentioned fuse 7 and the previously mentioned varistor 20 with thermal disconnection 10. The second embodiment is only an overvoltage protection in the form of the already mentioned insert of a tubular varistor 85 with a thermal disconnect 10 or a tubular varistor with a built-in fuse. The damaged tubular varistor 85 is replaced by an otherwise soluble fuse cartridge 7. Replaces the class fuse 7. II having a removable protection module.

Tretja izvedba po tem izumu je za varovanje enofazne mreže. Opremljena je z dvema v tekstu omenjenima varistorjema 20 s termičnim odklopom 10. Poškodbe varistorja so redek pojav, še posebej, če so vgrajene v predhodnih stopnjah zaščite I. in II . razreda.A third embodiment of the present invention is to protect a single-phase network. It is equipped with two thermal varistors 20 mentioned in the text. 10. Damage to varistors is a rare occurrence, especially if they are installed in the previous protection stages I and II. class.

V vseh izvedbah omenjenih ohišij 1 ali 2 je visoko število izpušnih odprtin 12. Nekatere so za bus izvedbe povezav 12 med vodniki, nekatere odprtine so ob vijakih za priključitev vodnikov. Vhodna sponka 65 faznega vodnika 31 kot tudi izhodna sponka faznega vodnika varovalke z izhodnim vodnikom 32 sta v splošnem povezani tako za omenjeni zamenljivi varovalni vložek 7 kot za druge prednostne zamenljive vložke 19 ali 41 ali 85 z notranjimi objemnimi kontakti 70 ali 71 .Ti so ojačani še s prikazanimi objemnimi vzmetmi 52. Sponka za PE ozemljitev 67 je v nekaterih, na primer monofaznih izvedbah odvodnikov vezana na objemni kontakt 77 za ozemljitveni plašč 78 omenjenega energetskega tripolnega plinskega odvodnika 19 ali 41. Tudi tega ojačujeta ena ali dve ojačitveni vzmeti 51, da se poveča kvaliteta objemnega kontakta 77.In all embodiments of said housings 1 or 2 there is a high number of exhaust openings 12. Some of the buses have connections 12 between the conductors, some openings are adjacent to the screws for connecting the conductors. The input terminal 65 of the phase conductor 31 as well as the output terminal of the phase conductor of the fuse with the output conductor 32 are generally connected to both the replaceable fuse insert 7 and the other preferred replaceable inserts 19 or 41 or 85 with internal clamp contacts 70 or 71. 52. The PE grounding clip 67 is, in some, for example, single-phase arresters, connected to the clamping contact 77 for the earthing sheath 78 of the said three-pole gas arrester 19 or 41. Also reinforced by one or two reinforcing springs 51, that the quality of the hug contact 77 is increased.

Zgornji opis vsebuje mnoge specifičnosti, ki pa ne omejujejo širine izuma ampak služijo kot ilustracija izvedb izumljene družine proizvodov.The above description contains many specifics, which do not, however, limit the breadth of the invention but serve to illustrate embodiments of the invented product family.

Obseg izuma ne določajo opisani primeri ampak izključno patentni zahtevki, ki so podani v nadaljevanju.The scope of the invention is not determined by the examples described above but solely by the claims which are set forth below.

Claims

PATENT APPLICATIONS

1. A family of combined interchangeable fuses with lightning and / or surge protection, including a single housing with two or more terminals, of standard or completed form, in which vertically interchangeable fuses and protective inputs are possible, including an error indicator, that it combines the characteristics of a fuse with a round soluble cartridge combined with the functions of lightning arresters ίη / or surge protector.

Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has the ability to install and replace, in the event of a failure, a new tubular varistor with thermal disconnection or a new tubular varistor in series with a varistor thread in sand.

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides a single-pole version of lightning and surge protection and further functions of a fuse.

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it generally allows, in combination with or without thermal fuse, a combination of varistor protection and gas arresters with a small residual voltage below 800V.

-1010

Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides single-phase lightning protection or overvoltage protection or both functions simultaneously.

Device according to claim 1, characterized in that three-phase versions are possible with combinations of protective arresters and fuses.

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation of non-self-extinguishing and self-extinguishing gas arresters and their internal upgrading with varistors are possible.

for

Mag. VladimirJVIurko u.d.i.

Stefanova 12

1000 Ljubljana