SI20782A - Assembly for surge protection due to flashes of lighting - Google Patents
Assembly for surge protection due to flashes of lighting Download PDFInfo
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- SI20782A SI20782A SI200000198A SI200000198A SI20782A SI 20782 A SI20782 A SI 20782A SI 200000198 A SI200000198 A SI 200000198A SI 200000198 A SI200000198 A SI 200000198A SI 20782 A SI20782 A SI 20782A
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Sklop za zaščito proti električnim preobremenitvam zaradi udara streleElectrical overload assembly for lightning strikes
Pričujoči izum se nanaša na sklop za zaščito proti električnim preobremenitvam zaradi udara strele, še zlasti pa na odklopni mehanizem za močnostni zaščitni varistorski energetski odvodnik v različnih kombinacijah z močnostnim plinskim odvodnikom za uporabo v nizkonapoetostnem omrežju.The present invention relates to an electrical overload protection assembly for lightning strikes, and in particular to a disconnect mechanism for a power shielded varistor energy arrester in various combinations with a power gas arrester for use in a low-voltage network.
Izum temelji na problemu, kako zasnovati sklop za zaščito proti električnim preobremenitvam, še zlasti odklopni mehanizem za močnostni integrirani varistorski odvodnik za učinkovito zaščito proti električnim preobremenitvam v primeru udara strele, ki naj bi bil dimenzijsko karseda nepotraten oz. naj bi terjal kar najmanj prostora, pri katerem naj bi se bilo nadalje možno izogniti omejitvam, ki izhajajo iz največjih možnih zmogljivosti induktivnih sklopov, hkrati naj bi bila v odpravljena problematika v zvezi z nastajanjem izpuha vključno pokalnega plina, do česar sicer prihaja ob prebojih zaradi udarov strele, še zlasti pa naj bi bile tudi v primeru položnega naraščanja tokovnega impulza, t.j. v primeru takoimenovanega blind spot efekta razmere obvladljive vsaj do tolikšne mere, da bi ne prihajalo do uničenja varistorskega odvodnika, v primeru posebno hudih obremenitev pa naj bi bilo mogoče morebitne poškodbe varistorjev pravočasno identificirati ter preprečiti pretok kratkostičnega toka skozi poškodovane varistorje.The invention is based on the problem of how to design an electrical overload protection assembly, in particular a disconnect mechanism for a power integrated varistor arrester for effective protection against electrical overload in the event of a lightning strike, which is dimensionless or irreversible in dimension. it should require as little space as possible in order to further avoid the constraints arising from the maximum inductive circuit capacities, while at the same time eliminating the problems related to the production of exhaust, including scum, which otherwise occurs during break-ins lightning strikes, especially in the case of a gradual increase in the current pulse, ie in the case of the so-called blind spot effect, the conditions are manageable at least to the extent that the varistor arrester is not destroyed, and in the case of particularly heavy loads, possible damage to the varistors should be able to be identified in a timely manner and to prevent short-circuit flow through the damaged varistors.
Znane so različne rešitve sklopov in naprav za zaščito proti električnim preobremenitvam, ki so posledica udarov strele. Pri analizi dosedanjih rešitev je mogoče ugotoviti, da pomembnejši proizvajalci tovrstnih naprav (Obo Betterman, DE; Phoenix, DE; Dehn und Sohne, DE; Citel, FR) predvidevajo uporabo naprav za zaščito v coni direktnega udara strele, kar pomeni udarni val oblike 10/350 ps, razen tega pa uporabljajo tudi tehniko iskrišč ali varistorjev. V nadaljevanju uporabljena označba vrste 10/350 ps pomeni, da v standardiziranem tokovnem impulzu čas vzpona do 90% največje vrednosti toka (konice) znaša 10 ps, medtem ko preostala vrednost 350 ps pomeni čas padca na 50% največje vrednosti (konice). Prvi del označbe torej nakazuje hitrost porasta čela tokovnega impulza, kar je povezano z nastankom močnih polj elektromagnetne indukcije, drugi del označbe pa nakazuje predvsem dolžino trajanja impulza, kar je povezano predvsem z energijsko bilanco impulza.Various solutions of assemblies and devices for protection against electric shock resulting from lightning strikes are known. In analyzing the solutions so far, it can be concluded that major manufacturers of such devices (Obo Betterman, DE; Phoenix, DE; Dehn und Sohne, DE; Citel, FR) envisage the use of protection devices in the direct lightning strike zone, which is a form of shock wave 10 / 350 ps and also use spark or varistor technique. The type designation 10/350 ps used here means that in a standardized current pulse, the rise time to 90% of the peak current (peak) is 10 ps, while the remaining 350 ps represents the drop time to 50% of the peak (peak). The first part of the marking therefore indicates the rate of increase of the head of the current pulse, which is related to the emergence of strong fields of electromagnetic induction, and the second part of the marking primarily indicates the length of the pulse duration, which is mainly related to the energy balance of the pulse.
Zaščitna naprava proizvajalca Dehn und Sohne (DE), ki je znana pod označbo VGA 280, v stroki pa je imenovana tudi kot Dehn-ventil, omogoča zaščito v treh fazah ter v nevtalnem vodniku. Njene karakteristike 100 kA 8/20 (4 x 25 kA 8/20) so preskromne, da bi lahko v praksi zagotavljale učinkovito zaščito, še zlasti, ker zaradi močnejših udarov strele kot jih odvodnik v varistorskem delu lahko prenese, prihaja do uničenja varistorjev. Zato te naprave tačas množično zamenjujejo z drugimi.The Dehn und Sohne (DE) safety device, known as VGA 280, also known in the art as the Dehn valve, provides protection in three stages and in a neutral conductor. Its 100 kA 8/20 (4 x 25 kA 8/20) characteristics are too modest to provide effective protection in practice, especially since more powerful lightning strikes than the arrester can withstand in the varistor section result in the destruction of varistors. That is why these devices are being massively confused with others.
Ostale izvedbe sklopov in naprav za zaščito proti direktnim udarom strele so večinoma predvidene z iskrišči oz. kombinacijo iskrišč, z vmesnimi členi (npr. induktivnostjo) in varistorskim odvodnikom odvodne moči do 40 kA. Z iskriščem opremljena naprava lahko odvede uničujočo energijo strele, problem pa predstavlja razmeroma dolg odzivni čas. Za zaščito varistorskega odvodnika pred previsoko preostalo napetostjo je lahko predvidena premostitvena tuljava, ki zniža preostanek napetosti na izhodu zaščitnega sklopa na nivo neškodljivosti za končnega porabnika.Other designs of sets and devices for protection against direct lightning strikes are mostly foreseen by sparks or sparks. a combination of sparks, with intermediate members (eg inductance) and a varistor arrester of up to 40 kA. A spark-equipped device can deliver devastating lightning energy, and the problem is a relatively long response time. A bridging coil may be provided to protect the varistor arrester from too high residual voltage, which reduces the residual voltage at the output of the protection assembly to the level of harm to the end consumer.
V tem kontekstu navajamo dva patentna vira, namreč objavo evropske patentne prijave št. EP 651 491 Al prijavitelja Alarmcom Leutron Gesellschaft GmbH (CH) kot tudi že podeljen predhodni slovenski patent št. 9700277 aktualnega prijavitelja. Uporaba kombinacije tehnike iskrišč in varistorske tehnike oz. koordinacija med tema je povezana z nekaterimi pomanjkljivostmi, namrečIn this context, we cite two patent sources, namely the publication of European patent application no. EP 651 491 Al of the Applicant Alarmcom Leutron Gesellschaft GmbH (CH) as well as the previously granted Slovenian patent no. 9700277 current applicant. Using a combination of spark technique and varistor technique or coordination between the two has some drawbacks, namely
i) za vgradnjo tovrstnih naprav je potreben razmeroma velik vgradni prostor, in sicer najmanj 5TE po ščitenem dovodnem vodniku, pri čemer TE pomeni enoto, ki je v stroki in v elektrotehničnih standardih uveljavljena in označuje standardno širino modula, ki znaša 18 mm;(i) The installation of such devices requires a relatively large installation space of at least 5TE per shielded supply line, the TPP being a unit established in the art and in electrical engineering standards and indicating a standard module width of 18 mm;
ii) doslej znam induktivni sklopi so uporabljivi za prehodne tokove največ 63 A, kar seveda predstavlja določeno omejitev;ii) so far I know inductive circuits are usable for transient currents of not more than 63 A, which of course is a certain limitation;
iii) dasiravno naj bi šlo za koordinacijo med tehniko iskrišč in varistorsko tehniko, to pravzaprav pogosto ne drži; kadar namreč pride do takoimenovanega blind spot efekta, namreč do položnega naraščanja tokovnega impulza, se takorekoč vsa energija pojavi na varistorskem odvodniku, kar povzroči uničenje slednjega;iii) the coordination between the spark technique and the varistor technique is, in fact, often not the case; when there is a so-called blind spot effect, namely a gradual increase in the current pulse, virtually all energy appears on the varistor arrestor, which causes the latter to be destroyed;
iv) problem iskrišč predstavljata razmeroma dolg odzivni čas in razmeroma visoka preostala napetost, zato je potrebno ob iskrišče postaviti kaskado odvodnih in vmesnih elementov v fazne vodnike ter v nevtralni vodnik proti zemlji; problem je do neke mere možno blažiti s takoimenovanimi hitrimi varistorji, po drugi strani pa pri nevodotesnih iskriščih ob udarih strele prihaja do izpuha plinov, kar je posledica preboja, pri čemer je še zlasti nevaren dostop vlage, ki poleg spreminjanja pogojev povzroči tudi nastanek eksplozivnega pokalnega plina.iv) the problem of sparks is represented by a relatively long response time and a relatively high residual voltage, so it is necessary to place a cascade of drainage and intermediate elements in the phase conductors and in the neutral earth conductor; the problem can be mitigated to some extent by the so-called fast varistors, but in the case of non-water sparks, lightning strikes a gas exhaust, which is a consequence of the breakthrough, with a particularly dangerous access to moisture, which, in addition to changing conditions, causes the formation of explosive cups. gas.
Po izumu je problem nastajanja izpuha rešen s tem, daje plinski odvodnik zaprt v plinski atmosferi, s čimer je preprečen dostop vlage. Omejitvam, ki jih pri doslej znanih rešitvah sicer pogojuje uporaba induktivnega sklopa, se enostavno izognemo kar z eliminacijo induktivnega sklopa. Za poenostavitev projektiranja in vgradnje so naprave po izumu vgrajene v univerzalnih ohišjih, vendar z upoštevanjem vseh specifičnosti splošno uporabljanih oz. standardnih omrežij TT. TT-C, TN-S ter IT.According to the invention, the problem of exhaust formation is solved by the fact that the gas arrester is enclosed in a gas atmosphere, which prevents access to moisture. Constraints that are otherwise conditioned by the use of an inductive circuit, so far, are simply avoided by eliminating the inductive circuit. In order to simplify the design and installation, the devices according to the invention are installed in universal housings, but taking into account all the specifics of the commonly used and / or used devices. standard TT networks. TT-C, TN-S and IT.
Sklop za zaščito proti električnim preobremenitvam zaradi udara strele je tako zasnovan, daje v ohišju, prirejenem za namestitev na standardno letev, poleg vsaj enega plinskega odvodnika, nameščenega v plinski atmosferi, in varistorja nameščen priključni mehanizem, ki je s prej omenjenima električno povezan. V ohišju, ki je na svoji pročelni površini opremljeno z vsaj enim indikacijskim okencem, je nameščen vsaj en sklop vsaj dveh med seboj preko razmeroma velike kontaktne površine električno povezanih pravokotnih varistorjev. Vsak od slednjih obsega za sodelovanje z odklopnim mehanizmom predvideno kontaktno površino Odklopni mehanizem sestoji iz vsaj enega kontaktnega peresa, ki je s pomočjo plasti nizkotemperatume spajke pritrdljivo na vsakokrat pripadajočo kontaktno površino varistorja in ob zadostnem povišanju temperature na osnovi popustitve spajke odvihtljivo v smeri proti vsakokrat pripadajočemu indikacijskemu okencu na pročelni površini ohišja. Smotrno s pomočjo zaskočnika na standardno letev zaskočljivo ohišje je prednostno opremljeno s priključkom na terminalni blok, ki je električno povezan z vsaj enim mikrostikalom, ki je v ohišju nameščeno v bližini indikacij skega okenca, namreč v območju odvihtenja vsakokrat pripadajočega kontaktnega peresa po taljenju oz. popustitvi plasti nizkotemperatume spajke zaradi povišanja temperature na površini varistorjev. Varistorji so zasnovani kot pravokotni varistorji, katerih površina je za vsaj približno 25% večja od tiste pri kvadratnem varistorju s stranico, ki ustreza krajši stranici pravokotnega varistorja. Kontaktna površina med vsakokrat sosednjima varistorjema je vsaj enkrat, prednostno pa dvakrat srebrena. Vsakokratno kontaktno pero odklopnega mehanizma je na svojem končnem območju, s katerim je odvihtljivo proti vsakokrat pripadajočemi kontaktnemu okencu ohišja, prednostno obarvano. Zahvaljujoč navedeni zasnovi je ob namestitvi dveh iz po dveh varistorjev sestoječih varistorskih sklopov v ohišje v standardni TT ali TN-C ali TN-S ali IT izvedbi, ki je namestljivo na standardno klobučasto letev širine 35 mm, v vsakem vodniku zagotovljena zaščita proti direktnemu udaru strele vsaj 12,5 kA, prednostno pa 15 kA, oblike impulza 10/350, namreč takšnega, pri katerem znaša čas do doseženja 90% največje vrednosti toka 10 ps, čas upadanja toka na 50% omenjene najvišje vrednosti pa znaša 350 ps.The electrical overload protection assembly shall be so designed that, in addition to at least one gas arrester housed in a gas atmosphere and a varistor, a connection mechanism which is electrically connected to said housing is arranged in a housing adapted for mounting on a standard rail. In a housing equipped with at least one indication box on its front surface, at least one assembly of at least two interconnectors is mounted over a relatively large contact surface of electrically connected rectangular varistors. Each of the latter comprises a contact surface provided for cooperating with the disconnect mechanism. The disconnect mechanism consists of at least one contact pen, which, by means of a low-temperature solder layer, attaches to the respective contact surface of the varistor and, with sufficient temperature increase on the basis of the solder release, is detachable in each direction. an indication box on the front surface of the case. Preferably, by means of a latch, the locking housing is preferably provided with a terminal block connection, which is electrically connected to at least one microswitch, which is located in the housing near the indications of the window, namely in the area of detachment of the respective contact pen after melting or. loosening of the low-temperature solder layer due to the temperature increase on the surface of the varistors. Varistors are designed as rectangular varistors whose surface area is at least about 25% larger than that of a square varistor with a side corresponding to the shorter side of the rectangular varistor. The contact surface between each adjacent varistor is at least once and preferably twice silver. The contact pen of the disconnect mechanism is preferably colored in its end region, by which it is detachable against the respective contact box of the housing. Thanks to this design, the installation of two directional two or two varistor varistor assemblies in a housing in standard TT or TN-C or TN-S or IT version, which can be mounted on a standard 35 mm wide bar, provides direct shock protection in each conductor lightning of at least 12.5 kA, preferably 15 kA, a pulse shape of 10/350, namely one in which the time to reach 90% of the maximum current value is 10 ps, and the time to decrease the current to 50% of the said maximum value is 350 ps.
Zaščita v objektu nameščenih električnih porabnikov proti direktnemu udaru strele lahko temelji na sledeči hipotezi: Približno polovico energije udara proti referenčni zemlji odvede običajen strelovod, polovico pa prevzame zaščitna naprava. Če npr. najmočnejši predvidljiv udar strele pomeni lOOkA, v objekt vstopa polovica tega, torej 50 kA. Če se ta vrednost porazdeli na štiri dovodne vodnike, se v vsakem faznem vodniku pojavi tok 12,5 kA, pri čemer je obliko impulza mogoče simulirati z idealnim impulzom vrednosti 10/350. V tem primeru je največja vrednost toka torej 12,5 kA, 90% te vrednosti je na voljo v 10 ps, ta vrednost pa upade na polovico po 350 ps. Ker v skladu s prednostmi pričujoče rešitve lahko zagotovimo zaščito za tok 15 kA po vodniku, je glede na realne oz. nekako še predvidljive posledice direktnega udara strele gledano s povsem praktičnega vidika uvodoma zastavljeni problem torej povsem zadovoljivo rešen.The protection of an electrical consumer installed in a facility against direct lightning strikes may be based on the following hypothesis: About half of the impact energy against the reference earth is discharged by a conventional lightning conductor and half is taken over by a protective device. If e.g. the strongest predictable lightning strike means lOOkA, half of that, ie 50 kA, enters the object. If this value is divided into four supply conductors, a current of 12.5 kA occurs in each phase conductor, whereby the pulse shape can be simulated with an ideal pulse of 10/350. In this case, the maximum current value is therefore 12.5 kA, 90% of this value is available in 10 ps, and this value drops in half to 350 ps. Since, in accordance with the advantages of the present solution, we can provide protection for a current of 15 kA per conductor, it is relative to the real or the still foreseeable consequences of a direct lightning strike are, from a purely practical point of view, a completely satisfactory solution.
Ker se še zlasti ob ekstremno močnih udarih strele lahko kristalna struktura varistorjev 17 ob tokovnih udarih vsakokrat nekoliko poškoduje, lahko sčasoma pride do trajnih poškodb vsaj enega varistorja 17, s čimer se pojavi možnost, da skozi varistor 17 steče kratkostični tok. To lahko privede do močnega segrevanja keramične strukture, kar lahko povzroči požar. V ta namen zaščitni sklop po izumu obsega odklopni mehanizem 18, ki odklopi poškodovan varistorski sklop 17' pod napetostjo, in sicer v skladu z vsakokratnimi fizikalnimi zahtevami in standardi, načelno pa pri obravnavanem zaščitnem sklopu pri bistveno višjih odvodnih tokovih kot je to primer pri doslej znanih napravah.Since, especially with extremely powerful lightning strikes, the crystal structure of varistors 17 may be slightly damaged in each case due to electric shocks, permanent damage to at least one varistor 17 may occur over time, thereby allowing the short-circuit current to flow through varistor 17. This can lead to a strong heating of the ceramic structure, which can cause a fire. For this purpose, the protection assembly according to the invention comprises a disconnect mechanism 18 which disconnects the damaged varistor assembly 17 'under voltage, in accordance with the respective physical requirements and standards, and in principle with the protection circuit in question at substantially higher discharge currents than has been the case with hitherto known devices.
Za izum je značilna tudi izvedba odklopnega sklopa ter zasnova indikatorja poškodb varistorjev.The invention is also characterized by the implementation of a circuit breaker and the design of an indicator of varistor damage.
Za razliko od doslej znanih naprav za zaščito električnih, elektronskih in telekomunikacijskih sklopov ter naprav proti napetostnim preobremenitvam ob udaru strele se pričujoči izum torej ukvarjaš tudi s problematiko eliminacije izpuha vročinskih plinov in vlage, prisotnih pri običajnih iskriščih, skrajšanjem časa odziva in eliminacijo visoke preostale napetosti, upošteva pa tudi možnost pojava trajnih poškodb določenih območij kristalne strukture varistorjev 17 ob izjemno močnih udarcih strele in možnosti tolerančnih odstopanj industrijsko proizvedenih varistorjev 17 kot tudi na zagotovitvi možnosti indikacije okvar oz. izpadov določenih sestavnih delov naprave po izumu.Unlike the known devices for protection of electrical, electronic and telecommunication circuits and devices against voltage overload at lightning strike, the present invention also deals with the problem of eliminating the exhaust of heat gases and moisture present in normal sparks, shortening the response time and eliminating high residual voltage. , it also takes into account the possibility of permanent damage to certain areas of the crystal structure of varistors 17 with extremely strong lightning strikes and the possibility of tolerance deviations of industrially produced varistors 17, as well as to provide the possibility of fault indications or. outages of certain components of the device according to the invention.
Izum bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje obrazložen na osnovi primera izvedbe, ki je prikazan na priloženi skici, kjer kažejo:The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing showing:
sl. 1 sklop za zaščito proti električnim preobremenitvam zaradi udara strele, v perspektivi, sl. 2 sklop po sl. 1 v pogledu od strani, sl. 3 sklop po sl. 1 v tlorisu, sl. 4 sklop v prerezu v vertikalni ravnini, sl. 5 sklop s shamatično ponazorjenimi varistorji in plinskim odvodnikom, sl. 6 detajl varistorskega sklopa s pripadajočim odklopnim mehanizmom, sl. 7 detajl indikatorja poškodb varistorjev, sl. 8 enega od varistorskih sklopov v narisu, sl. 9 sklop po sl. 8 v pogledu od strani, sl. 10 pa sklop po sl. 8 v pogledu z nasprotne strani kot na sl. 9.FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electrical overload protection assembly in perspective, FIG. 2 is an assembly according to FIG. 1 in a side view; FIG. 3 is an assembly according to FIG. 1 in the plan, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view in the vertical plane; FIG. 5 shows a schematically illustrated varistor and a gas arrester, FIG. 6 is a detail of a varistor assembly with associated disconnecting mechanism, FIG. 7 is a detail of the varistor damage indicator, FIG. 8 shows one of the varistor assemblies in the outline, FIG. 9 is an assembly according to FIG. 8 is a side view, FIG. 10 and the assembly of FIG. 8 in the opposite view as in FIG. 9.
Sklop za zaščito proti električnim preobremenitvam zaradi direktnega udara strele je (sl. 1-3) zasnovan v ohišju 1, ki je zahvaljujoč v nadaljevanju podrobneje obrazloženi zasnovi sklopa lahko dimenzijsko manjše kot bi bilo sicer potrebno, če bi izhajali iz zasnove doslej znanih naprav za enake ali podobne pogoje. Ohišje 1 je predvideno za namestitev na standardno letev, namreč takoimenovano klobučasto letev širine 35 mm, ki pa na skici ni prikazana. V ta namen je na ohišju 1 na voljo zaskočnik 11 (sl. 2), ki je predviden za razmeroma čvrsto zaskočenje, in sicer zlasti zaradi močnih udarcev, do katerih lahko pride ob udarih strele. Na zgornji površini 12 so predvidena indikacijska okenca 13, skozi katera je mogoče od zunaj nadzirati stanje v notranjosti ohišja 1, kar bo podrobneje obrazloženo v nadaljevanju. Se nadalje je na ohišju 1 predviden priključek 14 za terminalni blok, s katerim je mogoče daljinsko nadziranje sklopa po izumu.The electrical overload protection assembly for direct lightning strikes (Figs. 1-3) is designed in housing 1, which, thanks to the detailed design of the assembly below, may be dimensionally smaller than would otherwise be required if the design of hitherto known devices are known. the same or similar conditions. The housing 1 is intended to be mounted on a standard lath, namely a 35 mm wide lath, which is not shown in the drawing. To this end, a latch 11 (Fig. 2) is provided on the housing 1, which is intended to be relatively firmly engaged, in particular because of the powerful impact that can occur when lightning strikes. On the upper surface 12 there are provided indicative boxes 13 through which the condition inside the housing 1 can be monitored from the outside, which will be explained in more detail below. Further, a housing 14 is provided on the housing 1 for a terminal block which allows remote monitoring of the assembly according to the invention.
V ohišju 1 se nahaja priključni mehanizem 15 z zunanjimi priključnimi sponkami 151 za odvajanje škodljivi udarni val proti zemlji ter z notranjimi priključnimi sponkami 152.In the housing 1 there is a connection mechanism 15 with external terminals 151 to discharge a harmful shock wave towards the earth and with internal terminal terminals 152.
Nadalje je v ohišju 1 vgrajen plinski odvodnik 16, ki je zaprt v plinski atmosferi, ob njem pa je vgrajeno potrebno število varistorskih sklopov 17'. V danem primeru sta na voljo dva varistorska sklopa 17', pri čemer vsak od sklopov 17' obsega po dva varistorja 17.Further, the housing 1 has a gas arrester 16, which is enclosed in a gas atmosphere, and with it the necessary number of varistor assemblies 17 'is installed. In this case, two varistor assemblies 17 'are available, each of the assemblies 17' comprising two varistors 17.
Varistor 17 je v danem primeru pravokotni varistor, katerega površina je približno za 25% večja od tiste pri doslej uporabljanih kvadratnih varistorjih s stranico, ki ustreza krajši stranici omenjenega pravokotnega varistorja 17.Varistor 17 is, in the present case, a rectangular varistor whose surface area is approximately 25% larger than that of the previously used square varistors with a side corresponding to the shorter side of said rectangular varistor 17.
Med vsakokrat v sklop 17' povezanima varistorjema 17 je na voljo naležna oz. kontaktna površina 170, ki je v danem primeru dvakrat posrebrena in ki je električno povezana s ploščato kontaktno površino 171', 171 vsakega od varistorjev 17. Na vsaki kontaktni površini 17Γ, 171 je nanešena plast 172 nizkotemperatume spajke, s katero je na vsako od omenjenih površin 17Γ, 171 pričvrščeno po eno v bistvu prožno zasnovano odklopno pero 180 odklopnega mehanizma 18. Vsako pero 180 je v ohišju 1 pritrjeno na tak način, da se ob eliminaciji omenjene pričvrstitve na kontaktno površino 171', 171 s pomočjo plasti 172 spajke odvihti v smeri proti prej omenjenimu indikacijskemu okencu 13. Na sl. 4 je eno od peres 180 prikazano v stanju, ko je s pomočjo plasti 172 spajke držano na površini 171, preostalo pero 137 pa se nahaja v proti odprtini 13 odvihtenem stanju.Between each and every one of the coupled varistors 17 in the assembly 17 'there is a contact, respectively. contact surface 170, optionally double silver plated, and electrically connected to a flat contact surface 171 ', 171 of each of the varistors 17. A contact layer 172 of low-temperature solder is applied to each contact surface 17Γ, 171 to each of said of surfaces 17Γ, 171 attached to each substantially resiliently designed tripping pin 180 of the tripping mechanism 18. Each pen 180 is secured in the housing 1 in such a way that, upon elimination of said attachment to the contact surface 171 ', 171, by means of a layer 172 of the solder, directions towards the aforementioned indication box 13. FIG. 4 shows one of the feathers 180 in a state when it is held on the surface 171 by means of a solder layer 172 and the remaining feather 137 is located in a distracted state towards the opening 13.
Zlasti je prednostno, če je končno območje kontaktnega peresa 180 obarvano, ker po odvithenju peresa 180 proti okencu 13 slednje ni več prozorno, marveč se skozenj vidi barva peresa 180, kar potem vizuelno zelo očitno kaže na okvaro.It is particularly advantageous if the end area of the contact pen 180 is colored, because after unscrewing the pen 180 towards the window 13 it is no longer transparent, but the color of the pen 180 is visible through it, which is then visually very obvious indicating a defect.
Po namestitvi sklopa z zaskočitvijo ohišja 1 na ustrezno letev je vsako okence 13 na površini 12 ohišja lahko npr. prozorno, kar kaže, da sklop deluje in da ob morebitnem udaru strele ni pričakovati težav. Širina ohišja 1 je prirejena standardnim, v stroki znanim vrednostim TT, TN-C, TN-S ter IT.After mounting the housing by means of locking the housing 1 to a suitable lath, each window 13 on the surface 12 of the housing may e.g. transparent, indicating that the assembly is working and that lightning is not expected to be a problem. The width of the housing 1 is adapted to standard values known in the art for TT, TN-C, TN-S and IT.
Priključni mehanizem 15 je tako zasnovan, da s svojo robustnostjo in enostavnostjo zagotavlja najkrajši možen prehod toka od priključnih sponk 151 preko odklopnega mehanizma 18 do povezave s sklopoma 17' varistorjev 17 ter plinskim odvodnikomThe coupling mechanism 15 is designed to provide, with its robustness and simplicity, the shortest possible passage of current from the terminals 151 via the cut-off mechanism 18 to the connection with the assemblies 17 'of the varistors 17 and the gas arrester
16.16.
Priključne spojke 151 mehanizma 15 so prirejene za priključitev vodnikov velikih presekov (npr. v priključnih omarah vodnikov do 35 mm premera). Zahvaljujoč svoji zasnovi priključni mehanizem 15 znižuje notranje induktivnosti na najnižjo možno mero, s tem pa seveda tudi preostale napetosti kot posledico udara strele. Predviden je poseben priključek za plinski odvodnik 16. Razen tega je predvidena razmeroma velika pravokotna naležna kontaktna površina 170, ki nudi velik ploskovni kontakt s posrebreno varistorski keramiko ter s tem možnost odvajanja velikih oz. močnih tokov. Po drugi strani je odklopni mehanizem 18 tako zasnovan, da pri izjemno hudih udarih strele ali ob poškodbah varistorjev 17 pride do pregrevanja na površini varistorjev 17 ter v območju ploskovnih kontaktov 171' varistorjev 17 in kontaktnih peres 180. V takem primeru se stali plast 172 spajke, s čimer pride do odvihtenja peresa 180 v smeri proti indikacijskemu okencu 13 na ohišju 1. To se zgodi mnogo hitreje kot poteka taljenje močnostne glavneThe couplings 151 of mechanism 15 are adapted to connect large cross-section conductors (for example, in conductor wiring boxes up to 35 mm in diameter). Due to its design, the connection mechanism 15 lowers the internal inductances to the lowest possible level, and therefore also the residual voltages as a result of lightning strikes. A special connection for the gas arrester 16 is provided. In addition, a relatively large rectangular contact surface 170 is provided, which offers a large planar contact with silver-plated varistor ceramics and thus the possibility of draining large or large. strong currents. On the other hand, the cut-off mechanism 18 is designed such that, in the event of extremely severe lightning strikes or damage to the varistors 17, overheating occurs on the surface of the varistors 17 and in the area of the flat contacts 171 'of the varistors 17 and the contact pens 180. In such a case, the solder layer 172 melts. , which leads to the loosening of the pen 180 towards the indication box 13 on the housing 1. This happens much faster than the melting of the power main
-1010 varovalke. Od tod poteak kontakt preko plinskega odvodnika 16 na notranje sponke 152 in zunanje sponke 151 ter zatem v zemljo.-1010 fuses. From there, contact is made through the gas arrester 16 to the internal terminals 152 and the outer terminals 151 and then to the ground.
Sklop po izumu omogoča tudi daljinsko signalizacijo okvare, pri čemer je potrebno v ta namen v ohišje namestiti še mikrostikala 19 (sl. 7). Po odvihtenju kontaktnega peresa 18 slednje npr. s svojim krakom 180' zadene ob pripadajoče mikrostikalo 19, ki se preklopi na napetost ter s tem preko priključka 14 na terminalni blok signalizira poškodbo oz. okvaro tudi na daljavo.The assembly according to the invention also enables remote signaling of the fault, and microswitches 19 (Fig. 7) need to be mounted in the housing for this purpose. After loosening contact pin 18 of the latter e.g. with its arm 180 ' it hits the associated microswitch 19, which switches to voltage, thereby signaling damage or via a terminal 14 to the terminal block. failure even remotely.
Za:For:
ISKRA ZAŠČITE d.o.o.SEARCH FOR PROTECTION d.o.o.
'KTtiilk! iGni* - Pri iOnflA riTk Aiitf Dipl ing. Dušo B0RŠ1 AR s.p.'KTtiilk! iGni * - At iOnflA riTk Aiitf Dipl ing. Honey B0RŠ1 AR s.p.
. ·,__& - I - lAln U CM i ! Δ i Q ,. ·, __ & - I - lAln In CM i! Δ and Q,
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI200000198A SI20782A (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2000-08-25 | Assembly for surge protection due to flashes of lighting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI200000198A SI20782A (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2000-08-25 | Assembly for surge protection due to flashes of lighting |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI20782A true SI20782A (en) | 2002-06-30 |
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ID=20432705
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI200000198A SI20782A (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2000-08-25 | Assembly for surge protection due to flashes of lighting |
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| SI (1) | SI20782A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8743525B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2014-06-03 | Raycap Intellectual Property, Ltd | Overvoltage protection devices including wafer of varistor material |
| US9906017B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2018-02-27 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Modular overvoltage protection units |
| US10319545B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2019-06-11 | Iskra Za{hacek over (s)}{hacek over (c)}ite d.o.o. | Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same |
| US10340110B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2019-07-02 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same |
| US10447026B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2019-10-15 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Devices for active overvoltage protection |
| US10685767B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2020-06-16 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules and systems including same |
| US10707678B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2020-07-07 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers |
| US11223200B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2022-01-11 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same |
| US11723145B2 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-08-08 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | PCB-mountable surge protective device modules and SPD circuit systems and methods including same |
| US11862967B2 (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2024-01-02 | Raycap, S.A. | Surge protective device assembly modules |
-
2000
- 2000-08-25 SI SI200000198A patent/SI20782A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8743525B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2014-06-03 | Raycap Intellectual Property, Ltd | Overvoltage protection devices including wafer of varistor material |
| US9906017B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2018-02-27 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Modular overvoltage protection units |
| US10340688B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2019-07-02 | Ripd Ip Assets Ltd | Modular overvoltage protection units |
| US10734176B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2020-08-04 | Raycap, Surge Protective Devices, Ltd. | Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same |
| US10319545B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2019-06-11 | Iskra Za{hacek over (s)}{hacek over (c)}ite d.o.o. | Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same |
| US11374396B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2022-06-28 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Devices for active overvoltage protection |
| US10707678B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2020-07-07 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers |
| US10447026B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2019-10-15 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Devices for active overvoltage protection |
| US11165246B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2021-11-02 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers |
| US11881704B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2024-01-23 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Devices for active overvoltage protection including varistors and thyristors |
| US10679814B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2020-06-09 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same |
| US10340110B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2019-07-02 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same |
| US10685767B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2020-06-16 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules and systems including same |
| US11223200B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2022-01-11 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same |
| US11862967B2 (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2024-01-02 | Raycap, S.A. | Surge protective device assembly modules |
| US11723145B2 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-08-08 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | PCB-mountable surge protective device modules and SPD circuit systems and methods including same |
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