SI21334A - Family of combined automatic fuses and overvoltage and surge protection devices in a single enclosure - Google Patents
Family of combined automatic fuses and overvoltage and surge protection devices in a single enclosure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
DRUŽINA KOMBINIRANIH AVTOMATSKIH VAROVALK IN PRENAPETOSTNIH ZAŠČIT IN ZAŠČITE PRED STRELO V ENOTNEM OHIŠJUA FAMILY OF COMBINED AUTOMATIC FUSE AND VOLTAGE PROTECTION AND SINGLE PROTECTION PROTECTION IN A SINGLE BOX
Izumljena naprava se uporablja v nizkonapetostnem energetskem napajalnem omrežju.The invented device is used in a low-voltage power supply network.
Področje izumaFIELD OF THE INVENTION
Osnovna ideja izuma je združitev varovanja in zaščite, ki ga omogočata klasična avtomatska varovalka in termično varovana prenapetostna zaščita z opcijo in/ali zaščite proti učinku direktnega udara strele , integrirano v istem ohišju.The basic idea of the invention is to combine the protection and protection provided by the classic automatic fuse and thermally protected surge protection with the option and / or protection against the effect of direct lightning strike integrated in the same housing.
Vsebina družine kombiniranih avtomatskih varovalk in prenapetostnih zaščit in zaščite pred strelo v enotnem ohišju je opredeljena z združevanjem naslednjih funkcij:The contents of the family of combined circuit breakers and surge protectors and lightning protection in a single housing are defined by combining the following functions:
- najpogosteje predvidene uporabe klasične avtomatske varovalke in prenapetostne zaščite z različnimi vrstami vrtinčenja plazme.- the most commonly envisaged use of a classic automatic fuse and surge protector with various types of plasma swirls.
- klasične avtomatske varovalke in zaščite ob direktnem udaru strele v enotnem ohišju z vgrajenim samougasljivim plinskim odvodnikom s prožilno elektroniko.- classic automatic fuses and lightning protection in a single housing with a self-extinguishing gas arrester with actuating electronics.
- klasične avtomatske varovalke , zaščite ob direktnem udaru strele in termično varovane (10) prenapetostne zaščite.- classic automatic fuses, direct lightning protection and thermally protected (10) surge protection.
- samo enofazne zaščite proti streli z vgradnjo tropolnega samougasljivega plinskega odvodnika ali enofazno zaščito proti streli in prenapetostim hkrati.- only single-phase lightning protection with the installation of a three-pole self-extinguishing gas arrester or single-phase lightning and surge protection at the same time.
Skupine kombinacij, ki so grajene po istem principu iz osnovnih kombinacij, se lahko združujejo v paralelno montiranih ohišjih za različna eno fazna in trifazna varovanja z zaščito.Groups of combinations built on the same principle from basic combinations can be combined in parallel housings for different single-phase and three-phase protection with protection.
Aktivni podsestavi in elementi kombinirane avtomatske varovalke z zaščito so izbrani tako , da so med seboj usklajeni in se njihove lastnosti dopolnjujejo v skupne nove lastnosti ob ohranitvi lastnosti podsestavov.The active subassemblies and elements of the combined automatic fuse with protection are selected in such a way that they are harmonized with one another and their properties are complemented by common new features while maintaining the properties of the subassemblies.
Stanje tehnikeThe state of the art
V svetu trenutno se uporabljajo ločeno varovalke in naprave za zaščito pred strelo in prenapetostjo, ki se pogosto nameščajo na isto standardno 35 mm klobučno letev v distribucijskih omaricah.Currently, separate fuses and surge protection devices are currently being used worldwide, often fitted to the same standard 35 mm hat strip in distribution boxes.
Avtomatske varovalke varujejo pred povečanim tokom nad nominalno vrednostjo običajno 5 A, 10 A, 16 A, 32A, 50 A, 64 itd., a so relativno počasne in se prožijo v mili sekundnem času ter ne morejo slediti hitrim impulzom strele in prenapetosti.Circuit breakers protect against increased currents above rated values of typically 5 A, 10 A, 16 A, 32A, 50 A, 64, etc., but are relatively slow and fire within a millisecond of a second and cannot follow fast lightning and surge pulses.
Ti in drugi škodljivi prehodni pojavi poškodujejo inštalacije , občutljive elektronske naprave in mrežo in ogrožajo osebje, ter stavbe.Najtežje posledice povzročijo požari zaradi direktnega udara strele ali uničenja telekomunikacijskih mrež, kompletnih računalniških mrež, ki na primer upravljajo letališča ,metro, bolnice .banke in industrijo.These and other harmful transient events damage installations, sensitive electronic devices and the network and endanger personnel and buildings. The most serious consequences are caused by fires due to direct lightning strikes or the destruction of telecommunications networks, complete computer networks, such as managing airports, metros, hospitals. industry.
Zato se varovalke kombinira v energetski napajalni mreži z odvodniki strele in prenapetosti, ki reagirajo v bistveno krajšem času nekaj do 100 nanosekund. Prva I. skupina odvodnikov strele po IEC standardih odvaja stadardizirani simulacijski impulz strele oblike 10/350 mikrosekund s čelom vzpona 10 mikro sekund in upadom na polovično vrednost najvišjega toka na 50% v času 350 mikro sekund.Therefore, the fuses are combined in the power supply network with lightning and surge arresters, which react in a significantly shorter time of up to 100 nanoseconds. The first group of lightning arresters, according to IEC standards, releases a standardized 10/350 microsecond lightning simulation impulse with a rise of 10 microseconds and a decrease of half the peak current to 50% over 350 microseconds.
Zaščitni odvodniki proti prenapetostmi, iz ll.skupine po IEC standardih uporabljajo standardizirani impulz 8/20 mikro sekund s časovnim mnogo krajšim in energetsko manj zahtevnim potekom kot zgoraj.Overvoltage arresters from the IEC Group Il standards use a standardized pulse of 8/20 micro seconds with a much shorter and less energy-intensive time than above.
Običajno prenesejo odvodniki še 25.000 ali 50.000 amperov kratkostičnega toka ne da bi s svojim delovanjem in ob uničenju poškodovali okolico.Typically, arresters carry another 25,000 or 50,000 amps of short-circuit current without damaging their surroundings by their operation and destruction.
Znane rešitve s področja izumljene naprave opisujejo patenti VTC Iskra Zaščite izumitelj Murko, EP 087448A Dehn & Soehne, Phoenix DE 3228411 Nemčija,Known inventions in the field of invented device are described by the patents of VTC Iskra Protectors inventor Murko, EP 087448A Dehn & Soehne, Phoenix DE 3228411 Germany,
Citel EP 110238411 Francija za področje prenapetosti ih zaščitnih sistemov in energetskih plinskih odvodnikov. Za avtomatske varovalke je večina patentov časovno že potekla.EP 110238411 France for overvoltage protection systems and energy gas arresters. For automatic fuses, most patents have already expired.
Opis izumaDescription of the invention
Do sedaj še ni varovalne naprave, ki bi v enem ohišju združila obe funkciji, ali celo vse tri. Obstojajo sicer zaporedno vezane varovalke in odvodniki prenapetosti v enem ohišju, a varovalke služijo le kot termični odklop za okvarjeno varistorsko tehniko.Glavni problemi so v samougasnitvi loka plazme, ki se pojavi v varovalki, ko v kratkem stiku tečejo kratkočasno ogromni tokovi.V klasični avtomatski varovalki se rešuje ta problem z napravo za vrtinčenje plazme, ki pa zahteva precej prostora. Zato v njej ni prostora za elemente in podsestave zaščitne tehnike. Pričujoči izum rešuje te probleme z originalnimi rešitvami in omogoča tudi vgradnjo elementov in podsestavov zaščitne tehnike. Izum združuje funkcije klasične avtomatske varovalke in zaščite pred strelo in prenapetostim v enem ohišju . Omogoča odklop in priklop avtomatskega dela varovalke , prenapetostno varovanje zaščite z varistorji.ki imajo lmax na primer v najmanj 10 kA, 30kA , 40kA ali 60 kA itd. za impulze oblike 8/20 mikro sekund , z termičnim varovalom s topljivo spajko , z vzmetjo za odklop varistorja in njegovih izvedb za različne odvodne tokove na primer za trenutni tok lmax za en udar.So far, there is no safety device that combines the two functions in one case, or even all three. Although there are sequentially coupled fuses and surge arresters in one housing, but fuses serve only as thermal disconnection for defective varistor technology. the fuse solves this problem with a plasma vortex device, which in turn requires considerable space. Therefore, there is no room for elements and subassemblies of the protective technique. The present invention solves these problems with original solutions and also enables the installation of elements and subassemblies of the protective technique. The invention combines the features of classic automatic fuses and lightning and surge protection in one housing. It enables disconnection and connection of the automatic fuse section, overvoltage protection with varistors. For example, lmax have at least 10 kA, 30kA, 40kA or 60 kA, etc. for 8/20 micro second pulses, with thermal solenoid with soldered solder, with spring to disconnect varistor and its variants for different discharge currents, for example for instantaneous current lmax for one stroke.
Zaradi izuma bodo zmanjšane potrebe po volumnu v distribucijski omarici, v nekaterih izvedbah na polovico in tretjino , problemi ekologije so manjši zaradi manjše uporabe materiala, enostavnejša je montaža , enostavnejše je vzdrževanje ob bolj ekonomični ceni.The invention will reduce the volume requirements in the distribution box, in some embodiments by half and a third, the problems of ecology are less due to less material use, easier to install, easier to maintain at a more economical cost.
V splošnem parameter lmax zavisi od vgrajenega varistorja različnih odvodnih velikosti na primer najmanj od 5 kA do 60 kA preizkusnega impulza 8/20. V napravo po izumu je vgrajena zaščita ob avtomatski varovalki,ki odvede škodljivi prehodni pojav iz mreže preko vodnika za ozemljitev, ozemljitvene sponke ali bus sponke proti zemlji, daje bližnjo indikacijo napake na varistorju in optično še preko možnega prozornega okenca vgrajenega v steno na boku odvodnika . Možno je dograditi daljinsko indikacijo napake na varistorju .V nadaljnjih izvedbah se v prvi varianti avtomatski varovalki in prenapetostni zaščiti pridružijo še varianta varovalke in zaščite s samougasljivim odvodnikom za zaščito pred delom direktnega udara strele.In general, the lmax parameter depends on the built-in varistor of different discharge sizes, for example, from at least 5 kA to 60 kA 8/20 test pulse. The device according to the invention includes protection by an automatic fuse, which removes a harmful transient phenomenon from the network through a grounding conductor, a grounding terminal or a bus terminal towards the earth, giving a close indication of the defect on the varistor and optically through a possible transparent window built into the wall on the side of the arrester. . It is possible to upgrade the remote indication of fault on the varistor. In further embodiments, in the first embodiment, the automatic fuse and overvoltage protection are joined by a variant of the fuse and protection with a self-extinguishing arrester to protect against direct lightning.
Nadaljnje prednosti in uporabnosti izuma bodo postale bolj jasne iz priloženih risb in opisov.Further advantages and applicability of the invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and descriptions.
Kratek opis slik:Short description of the pictures:
Slika 1: Kombinirana klasična avtomatska varovalka z zaščito pred strelo in/ ali prenapetostjo v enotnem ohišju s pripadajočimi vodniki.Figure 1: Combined classic automatic fuse with lightning protection and / or surge protection in a single housing with associated conductors.
Slika 2: Prikaz osnovnih gradnikov kot so klasična avtomatska varovalka , odvodnik za zaščito proti streli in odvodnik za zaščito pred prenapetostim.Figure 2: Display of basic building blocks such as the classic automatic fuse, lightning arrester and surge arrester.
Slika 3: Združena naprava po izumu , ki kombinira klasično avtomatsko varovalko, odvodnik za zaščito pri direktnem udaru strele in odvodnik za zaščito pred prenapetostjo tako , da je preostala napetost kar najnižja in so dodatno privarjene sintrane kontaktne ploščice za hitro gasitev plazme.Figure 3: Combined device according to the invention combining a classic automatic fuse, a lightning arrester and an overvoltage arrester so that the residual voltage is kept to a minimum and sintered contact plates are quickly welded for rapid extinguishing of plasma.
Slika 4: Prikaz prenapetostne zaščite z dvema varistorjema s termično od klopno zaščito in paličnim labirintom za vrtinčenje in hitrejšo ugasnitev plazme iz podsestavov varovalke.Figure 4: Illustration of a two-varistor surge protector with a bench-top thermal protection and a maze bar for swirling and faster plasma shutdown of the fuse subassemblies.
Slika 5: Stranski pogled na paralelna varistorja in palični labirint ter v steno vgrajeno prozorno okence s termično zaščito varistorja .Figure 5: Side view of parallel varistors and rod maze and a transparent window with thermal varistor protection integrated into the wall.
Slika 6: Prikaz naprave za zaščito za UL skupino prenapetostne zaščite z vidnim je zgornjim prozornim okencem za indikacijo napake in odklopa na varistorju ,Figure 6: Displays of the protection device for the UL surge protection group with the upper transparent window visible to indicate fault and disconnection on the varistor,
Slika 7: Presek skozi napravo z klasično varovalko in prenapetostno zaščito z varistorjem in zoženim kovinskim labirintom za odvod plazme .Figure 7: Cross section through a device with a classical fuse and surge protector with a varistor and a narrowed metal maze for plasma drainage.
Slika 8: Presek skozi napravo, ki združuje avtomatsko varovalko in prenapetostno zaščito v istem ohišju .Figure 8: Cross section through a device that combines an automatic fuse and a surge protector in the same housing.
Slika 9: Električna shema daljinskega javljanja napak.Figure 9: Electrical diagram of remote fault reporting.
Slika 10: Prikaz aktivnih elementov zaščite proti streliFigure 10: Display of active lightning protection elements
Slikali: Električna shema kombinirane avtomatske varovalke z bimetalnim odklopnikom in elektromagnetnim odklopnikom , zaščito s plinskim odvodnikom in zaščito z varistorji.Painted: Wiring diagram of a combined automatic circuit breaker with a bimetallic circuit breaker and electromagnetic circuit breaker, gas arrestor protection and varistor protection.
Podroben opis izumaDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Na Sliki 2 so prikazani v splošnem osnovni gradniki družine kombiniranih avtomatskih varovalk in prenapetostnih zaščit in zaščite pred strelo v enotnem ohišju kot so klasična avtomatska varovalka 2 , odvodnik za zaščito proti streli 4 in odvodnik za zaščito pred prenapetostim 5.Figure 2 shows, in general, the basic building blocks of a family of combined automatic fuses and surge protectors and lightning protection in a single housing such as the classic automatic fuse 2, the lightning arrester 4 and the surge arrester 5.
Vgrajeni sklop avtomatske klasične varovalke vključuje v splošnem kot bistvene sestavne dele tuljavo za elektromagnetni odklop 48 v oklopu 59 s pomičnim odklopnikom 50 v obliki pomične kotve, bimetalni odklopnik 32 in ročico za odklopno stikalo 46 na osi 47 stikala varovalke.The built-in automatic circuit breaker assembly generally includes, as essential components, an electromagnetic disconnect coil 48 in armor 59 with a movable circuit breaker 50 in the form of a floating angle, a bimetallic circuit breaker 32, and a switch switch lever 46 on the fuse switch axis 47.
V konkretni izvedbi ima vijak 37 za pritrditev vsakokratnega vhodnega električnega vodnika 38 na spodnji strani kontakt za bus povezavo ter sponko 39 za pritrditev že omenjenega vsakokratnega vodnika 38. Na vhodni strani je tudi kontaktno polje v splošnem izvedenega bimetalnega odkopnika 32 varovalke. Izhodna stran klasične varovalke s sponko 40 za vsakokratni izhodni vodnik 45, je vezana na vhodne sponke 71 varistorskega dela varovalke. Vzmet 20 termičnega odklopnika varistorja 22, ki je pozicionirana v prozornem ohišju 10 termičnega odklopnika, je na eni strani spojena s temperaturno kontrolirano topljivo spajko 21. Ohišje termičnega odklopnika 10 je vgrajeno v steno v boku kombinirane varovalke 6 .In a particular embodiment, a screw 37 for securing the respective input electrical conductor 38 on the lower side has a bus connection contact and a clip 39 for securing the aforementioned respective conductor 38. On the input side there is also a contact box for a generally made bimetallic excavator 32 of the fuse. The output side of the classic fuse with terminal 40 for each output conductor 45 is connected to the input terminals 71 of the varistor part of the fuse. The spring 20 of the varistor 22 thermal circuit breaker, which is positioned in the transparent housing of the thermal circuit breaker 10, is connected on one side with a temperature controlled soldered solenoid 21. The thermal circuit breaker housing 10 is mounted in the side wall of the combined fuse 6.
Tipični deli klasičnega dela kombinirane varovalke 2 so še že omenjena ročica za odklop stikala 46 varovalke , tudi že navedena os 47 stikala varovalke, našteta tuljava za elektromagnetni odklop 48, elektromagnetni drsni odklopnik , običajna kontaktna pletenica 52 ter deli odklopne vzmeti.Vsi ti deli ostanejo v splošnem približno v sestavi kot so v avtomatski varovalki 2, le da so dimenzijsko prednostno podrejeni dodatni vgradnji varistorja in zato v splošnem nekoliko ožji kar velja na primer za že omenjeni pomični odklopnik 50 v klasični avtomatski varovalki 2 .Typical parts of the classic part of the combined fuse 2 are the aforementioned lever for disconnecting the fuse switch 46, also the already mentioned fuse switch axis 47, the coil for electromagnetic disconnection 48, the electromagnetic sliding circuit breaker, the usual contact braid 52, and the parts of the disconnecting spring. generally in composition such as in automatic circuit breaker 2, except that they are preferably dimensionally subordinate to the additional installation of the varistor, and are therefore generally somewhat narrower, such as for example the aforementioned circuit breaker 50 in the classical automatic circuit breaker 2.
V splošnem pa je izvedba avtomatske varovalke z zaščito proti streli za direktni udar strele, kombinirana z prednostnim energetskim plinskim samougasljivim odvodnikom 60, ki je prikazan na Sliki 10. in ki v splošnem vključuje plašč ozemljitve 67, kovinsko ohišje 68 , zunanji kontakt za hitrejši vžig 69, v splošnem vključuje še transformator za visoko vžigno napetost 61, ki transformira hitro rastoči impulz motnje v vnaprej določeno vžigno napetost na dodatni notranji elektrodi plinskega odvodnika, vžigni mali plinski odvodnik 62 in vžigni varistor 63.In general, however, the implementation of the automatic lightning protection for direct lightning strikes combined with the preferred energy self-extinguishing arrester 60 shown in Figure 10. and generally includes an earthing jacket 67, metal housing 68, external contact for faster ignition 69, generally includes a high-ignition transformer 61 that transforms a rapidly increasing disturbance pulse into a predetermined ignition voltage at an additional internal gas arrester electrode, a small gas arrester 62, and a ignition varistor 63.
Še primernejša izvedba vključuje običajno primerno kombinacijo elementov avtomatske varovalke 2, dveh varistorjev z odklopom in enega ali dveh že omenjenih malih plinskih odvodnikov 62.Even more suitable embodiments include a generally suitable combination of auto-fuse elements 2, two disconnecting varistors, and one or two of the small gas arresters mentioned previously 62.
Več izpušnih odprtin 66 se v splošnem nahaja ob straneh kombinirane varovalke z zaščito in na dnu, proti klobučni letvi. Pritrditev kombinirane varovalke z zaščito 7,9 prikazanih na Sliki 3 in Sliki 8, v že omenjenem enotnem ohišju 6, na klobučno letev, poteka v splošnem preko podaljšane plastične ali kovinske vzmetne zaskočke.Several exhaust openings 66 are generally located along the sides of the combined fuse with protection and at the bottom against the hat strip. The attachment of the combined fuse with protection 7,9 shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 8, in the aforementioned single housing 6, to the hat rail is generally via an extended plastic or metal spring latch.
V delu, ki vključuje avtomatsko klasično varovalko 2, je znižan do take mere višina roba že navedenega oklopa 59 tuljave za elektromagnetni odklop 48, da je možno vgraditi večji enojni varistor 24 v dno že omenjenega ohišja kombinirane varovalke 6. Labirint 30 za vrtinčenje izpuha in ugasnitev in zmanjšanje vrtinčenja plazme, je izveden na primer v opciji s plastičnimi bradavicami 29 postavljenimi v prostoru med dvojnima varistorjem 3,3 ali tudi z bradavicami na zunanjih bočnih stenah 31 naprave kot kažeta Slika 5 in Slika 3 . Kot tretja varianta je možna v splošnem izvedba labirinta 30 kot ožjega kovinskega labirinta 55 za gašenje plazme nad položenim varistorjem 3 kot prikazuje Slika 7.In the part including the automatic classic fuse 2, the height of the edge of the electromagnetic disconnecting coil 48 is reduced to such an extent that a larger single varistor 24 can be mounted in the bottom of the already mentioned combination fuse housing 6. The exhaust swirl maze 30 and extinguishing and reducing the vorticity of the plasma, for example, is carried out with the option of plastic nipples 29 placed in the space between the double varistors 3,3 or also with nipples on the outer side walls 31 of the device as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 3. As a third variant, it is generally possible to design the maze 30 as a narrower metal maze 55 to extinguish the plasma above the deposited varistor 3 as shown in Figure 7.
Da bi se zmanjšal vpliv plazme in hitreje pogasilo plazmo varovalke, se opremi na primer kontaktno polje prednostno z volfram bakreno sintrano kontaktno ploščico , navarjeno na prednostno izveden dolgi zviti kontaktni nosilec 75, in na drugi strani navari na protikontakt 56 iz istega materijala . Prednostno se s toplotno sublimacijo bakra se ob delovanju klasičnega dela varovalke 2 hitro zniža zaradi uporabljene talilne toplote temperatura plazme in le ta hitreje ugasne.In order to minimize the impact of the plasma and to quench the plasma fuse more quickly, for example, a contact box is preferably provided with a tungsten copper sintered contact plate welded to a preferably made long twisted contact carrier 75 and on the other hand welded to a contact 56 of the same material. Preferably, with the thermal sublimation of copper, the operating temperature of the fuse 2 is rapidly reduced due to the melting heat used, and the plasma temperature switches off faster.
Metaloksidni varistor 3 je lahko na primer grajen večslojno , paralelno , da se v splošnem povečajo njegove odvodna sposobnost in ima možnost serijske dodatne montaže za samougasljivim plinskim odvodnikom , da se dobi skupina odvodnikov in varovalk z združenimi funkcijami odvoda strele in avtomatske varovalke v enotnem ohišju. Izvedba naprave po izumu 9 v splošnem združuje L in/ali II. skupino odvodnikov strele in prenapetosti po IEC standardih ter še funkcijo klasične avtomatske varovalke.V tem primeru je labirint 30 za vrtinčenje izpuha, prirejen iz bradavic 31 na plastičnih delih 73, 74 ohišja 6 in bradavic 29 na dodatni površini varistorjev 3.For example, a metal oxide varistor 3 can be built in a multilayer, in parallel, to generally increase its drainage capability, and has the option of serial additional mounting for a self-extinguishing gas arrester to obtain a group of arresters and fuses with combined lightning and automatic fuse removal functions in a single housing. The embodiment of the device according to the invention 9 generally combines L and / or II. a group of lightning and surge arresters according to IEC standards and the function of a classic automatic fuse.In this case, the exhaust vortex maze 30 is made of nipples 31 on plastic parts 73, 74 of housing 6 and nipples 29 on additional surface of varistors 3.
Pri preveliki temperaturni spremembi na varistorju 3, ki se zgodi pri preobremenitvi varistoija 3, nad njegovimi odvodnimi sposobnostmi, mora že omenjena vzmet 20 termičnega odklopnika, ki se mu je stopila varnostna spajka 72 na kontaktnem nosu 27, odklopiti. S premikom 36 že omenjene vzmeti 20 termičnega odklopnika v ohišju termičnega odklopnika 10 navedenega varistorja 3, se pomakne sulica 33 prednostno izdelana iz plastičnega materiala proti okencu 34 za zaznamovanje okvare varistorja 3 in sproži v splošnem bližinsko indikacijo okvare ter pomakne zeleno polje traku na rdeče polje 35 v prozornem okencu 34 indikacije okvare varistorskega sklopa kot kaže Slika 3. Možno je še daljinsko javljanje napake 70 varistorskega sklopa, ker kontakt na vzmeti 20 termičnega odklopnika po odklopu varistorja 3 s fazno napetostjo, če je le varovalka 2 vklopljena, s prisotnostjo napetosti javi, da je varistorski del zaščite trajno odklopljen. Indikacija se lahko izvede na primer s priključitvijo oddaljene rdeče LED diode preko ločenega vodnika za javljanje napake in ustreznega upora kot je ta primer prikazan na Sliki 11. Obojestranske kovinske kontaktne plošče 25 na površini že omenjenega večjega varistorja 24 so tanke in preluknjane ter odmaknjene od roba, da ni prebojev preko roba in da se doseže prerazporeditev vršnih napetosti preko čim večje površine varistorja. Izvedba v istem, toda dvojnem novem trovodniškem ohišju sicer kombinirane varovalke in odvodnika za zaščito za enofazno mrežo lahko vsebuje dva paralelo vezana aktivna proizvoda po tem izumu. Odklopnik na vrhu varovalke predstavlja povezavo obeh varovalkah v tandem. Enako velja za trifazne sisteme , ki lahko vključujejo v splošnem po tri ali tudi štiri proizvode po tem izumu.In case of an excessive temperature change on the varistor 3, which occurs when the varisto 3 is overloaded, beyond its drainage capacities, the aforementioned spring 20 of the thermal circuit breaker, which has joined the safety solder 72 on the contact nose 27, must be disconnected. By moving the aforementioned spring 20 of the thermal circuit breaker in the housing of the thermal circuit breaker 10 of said varistor 3, the spear 33 is preferably made of plastic material towards the box 34 for detecting the defect of the varistor 3 and generally triggers a near-fault indication and moves the green field of the strip to the red field. 35 in the window 34 of the indication of failure of the varistor assembly as shown in Figure 3. It is possible to remotely report a fault 70 of the varistor assembly, since the contact on the spring 20 of the thermal circuit breaker after disconnecting the varistor 3 with phase voltage, if only fuse 2 is switched on, with the presence of a voltage that the varistor part of the protection is permanently disconnected. The indication can be done, for example, by connecting a remote red LED via a separate fault reporting conductor and a corresponding resistor as shown in Figure 11. The two-sided metal contact plates 25 on the surface of the already mentioned larger varistor 24 are thin and punched and spaced from the edge. , that there are no punctures beyond the edge and that the redistribution of the peak voltages across the maximum surface of the varistor is achieved. An embodiment in the same but double new three-conductor casing of an otherwise combined fuse and single-phase protection arrester may comprise two parallel coupled active products of the present invention. The circuit breaker at the top of the fuse represents the connection of the two fuses in tandem. The same applies to three-phase systems which may generally include three or four products according to the invention.
Ena od priključnih električnih shem 71 za izvedbo z elementi klasične avtomatske varovalke in prenapetostne zaščite 7 je na Sliki 11. Monomodno in diferencialno zaščito proti streli in prenapetostim v ohišju 6 prikazuje shema 70, varistorsko enofazno zaščito v ohišju 6 pa električna shema 72 na Sliki 12.One of the wiring diagrams 71 for implementation with elements of the classic circuit breaker and overvoltage protection 7 is shown in Figure 11. The monomodal and differential lightning and surge protection in the housing 6 is shown by the scheme 70, and the varistor single-phase protection in the housing 6 by the electrical scheme 72 in the Figure 12 .
gornji podrobni opis izuma obsega mnoge specifičnosti, ki pa ne omejujejo širino izuma, ampak le ponazarjajo izvedbe izumljene naprave.The above detailed description of the invention encompasses many specifics, which do not, however, limit the breadth of the invention, but merely illustrate embodiments of the invented device.
Obseg izuma torej ne določajo opisani primeri ampak patentni zahtevki, ki so dodani v nadaljevanju.Thus, the scope of the invention is not determined by the examples described, but by the claims which are added below.
Claims (9)
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SI200200248A SI21334A (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2002-10-16 | Family of combined automatic fuses and overvoltage and surge protection devices in a single enclosure |
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CN113612210A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-05 | 杭州新易造信息技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic direct current surge protection device |
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CN113612210A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-05 | 杭州新易造信息技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic direct current surge protection device |
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