SI21334A - Family of combined automatic fuses and overvoltage and surge protection devices in a single enclosure - Google Patents

Abstract

The device according to the invention includes parts of the traditional assembly of combined fuses like a specified handle for disconnecting the fuse switch, a fuse switch axis, a coil for electromagnetic disconnecting, an electromagnetic sliding circuit breaker, a standard contact mesh as well as part of a disconnecting spring. These parts are by their dimension preferably depending on the additional integration of a varistor and are therefore generally slightly narrower. The device according to the invention also includes a surge arrestor for direct lightning surges with preferably power gas self-extinguishable arrestor, which generally includes an earthing sheath, a metal enclosure, an external contact for faster ignition, a transformer for high ignition voltage which transforms the quickly rising impulse on the additional internal electrode of the gas arrestor, ignition small gas arrestor and ignition varistor.

Description

A FAMILY OF COMBINED AUTOMATIC FUSE AND VOLTAGE PROTECTION AND SINGLE PROTECTION PROTECTION IN A SINGLE BOX

The invented device is used in a low-voltage power supply network.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The basic idea of the invention is to combine the protection and protection provided by the classic automatic fuse and thermally protected surge protection with the option and / or protection against the effect of direct lightning strike integrated in the same housing.

The contents of the family of combined circuit breakers and surge protectors and lightning protection in a single housing are defined by combining the following functions:

- the most commonly envisaged use of a classic automatic fuse and surge protector with various types of plasma swirls.

- classic automatic fuses and lightning protection in a single housing with a self-extinguishing gas arrester with actuating electronics.

- classic automatic fuses, direct lightning protection and thermally protected (10) surge protection.

- only single-phase lightning protection with the installation of a three-pole self-extinguishing gas arrester or single-phase lightning and surge protection at the same time.

Groups of combinations built on the same principle from basic combinations can be combined in parallel housings for different single-phase and three-phase protection with protection.

The active subassemblies and elements of the combined automatic fuse with protection are selected in such a way that they are harmonized with one another and their properties are complemented by common new features while maintaining the properties of the subassemblies.

The state of the art

Currently, separate fuses and surge protection devices are currently being used worldwide, often fitted to the same standard 35 mm hat strip in distribution boxes.

Circuit breakers protect against increased currents above rated values of typically 5 A, 10 A, 16 A, 32A, 50 A, 64, etc., but are relatively slow and fire within a millisecond of a second and cannot follow fast lightning and surge pulses.

These and other harmful transient events damage installations, sensitive electronic devices and the network and endanger personnel and buildings. The most serious consequences are caused by fires due to direct lightning strikes or the destruction of telecommunications networks, complete computer networks, such as managing airports, metros, hospitals. industry.

Therefore, the fuses are combined in the power supply network with lightning and surge arresters, which react in a significantly shorter time of up to 100 nanoseconds. The first group of lightning arresters, according to IEC standards, releases a standardized 10/350 microsecond lightning simulation impulse with a rise of 10 microseconds and a decrease of half the peak current to 50% over 350 microseconds.

Overvoltage arresters from the IEC Group Il standards use a standardized pulse of 8/20 micro seconds with a much shorter and less energy-intensive time than above.

Typically, arresters carry another 25,000 or 50,000 amps of short-circuit current without damaging their surroundings by their operation and destruction.

Known inventions in the field of invented device are described by the patents of VTC Iskra Protectors inventor Murko, EP 087448A Dehn & Soehne, Phoenix DE 3228411 Germany,

EP 110238411 France for overvoltage protection systems and energy gas arresters. For automatic fuses, most patents have already expired.

Description of the invention

So far, there is no safety device that combines the two functions in one case, or even all three. Although there are sequentially coupled fuses and surge arresters in one housing, but fuses serve only as thermal disconnection for defective varistor technology. the fuse solves this problem with a plasma vortex device, which in turn requires considerable space. Therefore, there is no room for elements and subassemblies of the protective technique. The present invention solves these problems with original solutions and also enables the installation of elements and subassemblies of the protective technique. The invention combines the features of classic automatic fuses and lightning and surge protection in one housing. It enables disconnection and connection of the automatic fuse section, overvoltage protection with varistors. For example, lmax have at least 10 kA, 30kA, 40kA or 60 kA, etc. for 8/20 micro second pulses, with thermal solenoid with soldered solder, with spring to disconnect varistor and its variants for different discharge currents, for example for instantaneous current lmax for one stroke.

The invention will reduce the volume requirements in the distribution box, in some embodiments by half and a third, the problems of ecology are less due to less material use, easier to install, easier to maintain at a more economical cost.

In general, the lmax parameter depends on the built-in varistor of different discharge sizes, for example, from at least 5 kA to 60 kA 8/20 test pulse. The device according to the invention includes protection by an automatic fuse, which removes a harmful transient phenomenon from the network through a grounding conductor, a grounding terminal or a bus terminal towards the earth, giving a close indication of the defect on the varistor and optically through a possible transparent window built into the wall on the side of the arrester. . It is possible to upgrade the remote indication of fault on the varistor. In further embodiments, in the first embodiment, the automatic fuse and overvoltage protection are joined by a variant of the fuse and protection with a self-extinguishing arrester to protect against direct lightning.

Further advantages and applicability of the invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and descriptions.

Short description of the pictures:

Figure 1: Combined classic automatic fuse with lightning protection and / or surge protection in a single housing with associated conductors.

Figure 2: Display of basic building blocks such as the classic automatic fuse, lightning arrester and surge arrester.

Figure 3: Combined device according to the invention combining a classic automatic fuse, a lightning arrester and an overvoltage arrester so that the residual voltage is kept to a minimum and sintered contact plates are quickly welded for rapid extinguishing of plasma.

Figure 4: Illustration of a two-varistor surge protector with a bench-top thermal protection and a maze bar for swirling and faster plasma shutdown of the fuse subassemblies.

Figure 5: Side view of parallel varistors and rod maze and a transparent window with thermal varistor protection integrated into the wall.

Figure 6: Displays of the protection device for the UL surge protection group with the upper transparent window visible to indicate fault and disconnection on the varistor,

Figure 7: Cross section through a device with a classical fuse and surge protector with a varistor and a narrowed metal maze for plasma drainage.

Figure 8: Cross section through a device that combines an automatic fuse and a surge protector in the same housing.

Figure 9: Electrical diagram of remote fault reporting.

Figure 10: Display of active lightning protection elements

Painted: Wiring diagram of a combined automatic circuit breaker with a bimetallic circuit breaker and electromagnetic circuit breaker, gas arrestor protection and varistor protection.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figure 2 shows, in general, the basic building blocks of a family of combined automatic fuses and surge protectors and lightning protection in a single housing such as the classic automatic fuse 2, the lightning arrester 4 and the surge arrester 5.

The built-in automatic circuit breaker assembly generally includes, as essential components, an electromagnetic disconnect coil 48 in armor 59 with a movable circuit breaker 50 in the form of a floating angle, a bimetallic circuit breaker 32, and a switch switch lever 46 on the fuse switch axis 47.

In a particular embodiment, a screw 37 for securing the respective input electrical conductor 38 on the lower side has a bus connection contact and a clip 39 for securing the aforementioned respective conductor 38. On the input side there is also a contact box for a generally made bimetallic excavator 32 of the fuse. The output side of the classic fuse with terminal 40 for each output conductor 45 is connected to the input terminals 71 of the varistor part of the fuse. The spring 20 of the varistor 22 thermal circuit breaker, which is positioned in the transparent housing of the thermal circuit breaker 10, is connected on one side with a temperature controlled soldered solenoid 21. The thermal circuit breaker housing 10 is mounted in the side wall of the combined fuse 6.

Typical parts of the classic part of the combined fuse 2 are the aforementioned lever for disconnecting the fuse switch 46, also the already mentioned fuse switch axis 47, the coil for electromagnetic disconnection 48, the electromagnetic sliding circuit breaker, the usual contact braid 52, and the parts of the disconnecting spring. generally in composition such as in automatic circuit breaker 2, except that they are preferably dimensionally subordinate to the additional installation of the varistor, and are therefore generally somewhat narrower, such as for example the aforementioned circuit breaker 50 in the classical automatic circuit breaker 2.

In general, however, the implementation of the automatic lightning protection for direct lightning strikes combined with the preferred energy self-extinguishing arrester 60 shown in Figure 10. and generally includes an earthing jacket 67, metal housing 68, external contact for faster ignition 69, generally includes a high-ignition transformer 61 that transforms a rapidly increasing disturbance pulse into a predetermined ignition voltage at an additional internal gas arrester electrode, a small gas arrester 62, and a ignition varistor 63.

Even more suitable embodiments include a generally suitable combination of auto-fuse elements 2, two disconnecting varistors, and one or two of the small gas arresters mentioned previously 62.

Several exhaust openings 66 are generally located along the sides of the combined fuse with protection and at the bottom against the hat strip. The attachment of the combined fuse with protection 7,9 shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 8, in the aforementioned single housing 6, to the hat rail is generally via an extended plastic or metal spring latch.

In the part including the automatic classic fuse 2, the height of the edge of the electromagnetic disconnecting coil 48 is reduced to such an extent that a larger single varistor 24 can be mounted in the bottom of the already mentioned combination fuse housing 6. The exhaust swirl maze 30 and extinguishing and reducing the vorticity of the plasma, for example, is carried out with the option of plastic nipples 29 placed in the space between the double varistors 3,3 or also with nipples on the outer side walls 31 of the device as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 3. As a third variant, it is generally possible to design the maze 30 as a narrower metal maze 55 to extinguish the plasma above the deposited varistor 3 as shown in Figure 7.

In order to minimize the impact of the plasma and to quench the plasma fuse more quickly, for example, a contact box is preferably provided with a tungsten copper sintered contact plate welded to a preferably made long twisted contact carrier 75 and on the other hand welded to a contact 56 of the same material. Preferably, with the thermal sublimation of copper, the operating temperature of the fuse 2 is rapidly reduced due to the melting heat used, and the plasma temperature switches off faster.

For example, a metal oxide varistor 3 can be built in a multilayer, in parallel, to generally increase its drainage capability, and has the option of serial additional mounting for a self-extinguishing gas arrester to obtain a group of arresters and fuses with combined lightning and automatic fuse removal functions in a single housing. The embodiment of the device according to the invention 9 generally combines L and / or II. a group of lightning and surge arresters according to IEC standards and the function of a classic automatic fuse.In this case, the exhaust vortex maze 30 is made of nipples 31 on plastic parts 73, 74 of housing 6 and nipples 29 on additional surface of varistors 3.

In case of an excessive temperature change on the varistor 3, which occurs when the varisto 3 is overloaded, beyond its drainage capacities, the aforementioned spring 20 of the thermal circuit breaker, which has joined the safety solder 72 on the contact nose 27, must be disconnected. By moving the aforementioned spring 20 of the thermal circuit breaker in the housing of the thermal circuit breaker 10 of said varistor 3, the spear 33 is preferably made of plastic material towards the box 34 for detecting the defect of the varistor 3 and generally triggers a near-fault indication and moves the green field of the strip to the red field. 35 in the window 34 of the indication of failure of the varistor assembly as shown in Figure 3. It is possible to remotely report a fault 70 of the varistor assembly, since the contact on the spring 20 of the thermal circuit breaker after disconnecting the varistor 3 with phase voltage, if only fuse 2 is switched on, with the presence of a voltage that the varistor part of the protection is permanently disconnected. The indication can be done, for example, by connecting a remote red LED via a separate fault reporting conductor and a corresponding resistor as shown in Figure 11. The two-sided metal contact plates 25 on the surface of the already mentioned larger varistor 24 are thin and punched and spaced from the edge. , that there are no punctures beyond the edge and that the redistribution of the peak voltages across the maximum surface of the varistor is achieved. An embodiment in the same but double new three-conductor casing of an otherwise combined fuse and single-phase protection arrester may comprise two parallel coupled active products of the present invention. The circuit breaker at the top of the fuse represents the connection of the two fuses in tandem. The same applies to three-phase systems which may generally include three or four products according to the invention.

One of the wiring diagrams 71 for implementation with elements of the classic circuit breaker and overvoltage protection 7 is shown in Figure 11. The monomodal and differential lightning and surge protection in the housing 6 is shown by the scheme 70, and the varistor single-phase protection in the housing 6 by the electrical scheme 72 in the Figure 12 .

The above detailed description of the invention encompasses many specifics, which do not, however, limit the breadth of the invention, but merely illustrate embodiments of the invented device.

Thus, the scope of the invention is not determined by the examples described, but by the claims which are added below.

Claims (9)

1. An automatic fuse incorporating an electromagnetically disconnected coil in a movable circuit-breaker in the preferred shape of a moving angle, a bimetallic circuit-breaker, a switch-lever coupled in the same housing to a thermal-protection varistor, characterized in that the device according to the invention ensures the same operation of the device as if the automatic fuse and surge protector were acting separately. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned three-pole self-extinguishing gas arrester is included in the single housing. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes reinforced terminal blocks for power conductors in the single housing. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises said swirl chambers preferably made with plastic nipples or a narrowed multi-cage. The device of claim 2, wherein -1010 to include varistors also multi-layer protected for cases of permanent damage with various types of thermal disconnections and remote fault reporting according to a special signal cable. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the contact surfaces are made with said sintered high-resistance contacts, which allow the plasma arc to be quenched more quickly. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the automatic fuses are followed by a varistor and a small gas arrester or two gas arresters in parallel to achieve a low residual voltage by this measure. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the automatic fuse function is used and the thermal disconnect is omitted. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the device according to the invention is designed for three-phase systems and three or more circuit breakers simultaneously disconnect the automatic fuse system.