SG188189A1 - Anode for cathodic protection and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Anode for cathodic protection and method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SG188189A1 SG188189A1 SG2013007562A SG2013007562A SG188189A1 SG 188189 A1 SG188189 A1 SG 188189A1 SG 2013007562 A SG2013007562 A SG 2013007562A SG 2013007562 A SG2013007562 A SG 2013007562A SG 188189 A1 SG188189 A1 SG 188189A1
- Authority
- SG
- Singapore
- Prior art keywords
- ribbon
- cathodic protection
- metal
- anode
- anode according
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/10—Electrodes characterised by the structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/04—Expanding other than provided for in groups B21D1/00 - B21D28/00, e.g. for making expanded metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/04—Expanding other than provided for in groups B21D1/00 - B21D28/00, e.g. for making expanded metal
- B21D31/043—Making use of slitting discs or punch cutters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F2201/00—Type of materials to be protected by cathodic protection
- C23F2201/02—Concrete, e.g. reinforced
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
It is described a metal anode for cathodic protection in form of mesh ribbon having meshes whose holes are of rhomboidal shape, characterised by having such holes of rhomboidal shape arranged with the major diagonal oriented along the direction of the ribbon length and by the fact that the side edges along the ribbon length are free from cutting protrusions. It is also described a method for obtaining such anode.
Description
ANODE FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
The invention relates to the field of cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures, and in particular to a design of anode particularly efficient in terms of electrical resistance per unit length and of flexibility, and particularly safe to install and handle.
The invention also relates to the method of production of such anode.
Corrosion phenomena affecting reinforced concrete structures are well known in the art. The steel reinforcement inserted in the cementitious structures to improve the mechanical properties thereof normally works in a passivation regime induced by the alkaline concrete environment; however, after some time, the ion migration across the porous surface of the concrete causes a localised attack to the protective passivation film. Particularly worrying is the attack by chlorides, which are virtually present in all kinds of environments where the reinforced concrete structures are employed, and to an even higher extent where an exposure to brackish water (bridges, pillars, buildings located in marine zones), antifreeze salts (bridges and road structures in cold climate zones) or even seawater, such as for instance in the case of piers and docks, takes place. The critical value of chloride exposure has been esteemed around 0.6 kg per cubic metre of concrete, beyond which the passivation state of the reinforcing steel is not guaranteed.
Another form of concrete decay is represented by the carbonatation phenomenon, that is the formation of calcium carbonate by reaction of the lime of the cementitious mixture with atmospheric carbon dioxide. Calcium carbonate lowers the concrete alkali content (from pH 13.5 to pH 9) bringing iron in an unprotected state. The presence of chlorides and the simultaneous carbonatation represents the worst of conditions for the preservation of the reinforcing bar of the structures. The corrosion products of steel are more voluminous than steel itself, and the mechanical stress resulting from their formation may lead to concrete delamination and fracturing phenomena, which translate into huge damages from the point of view of economics besides the one of safety. For this reason, it is known in the art that the most effective method for indefinitely prolonging the lifetime of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the atmospheric agents, even in the case of relevant salt concentrations, consists of cathodically polarising the steel reinforcement. In this way, the latter becomes the site of an oxygen cathodic reduction, suppressing the anodic corrosion and dissolution reactions. Such system, known as cathodic protection of reinforced concrete, is practised by coupling anodic structures of various kinds to the concrete, respect to which the reinforcement to be protected acts as a cathodic counterelectrode; the electrical currents involved supported by an external rectifier transit across the electrolyte consisting of the porous concrete partially soaked with a salty solution.
The anodes commonly used for the cathodic protection of reinforced concrete consist of a titanium substrate coated with transition metal oxides or other types of catalysts for anodic oxygen evolution. As the substrate it is possible to make use of other valve metals, either pure or alloyed, pure titanium is however the largely preferred choice for the sake of cost.
European Patent EP458951 discloses a grid-type electrodic structure for cathodic protection consisting of a plurality of metal ribbons having an electrocatalytic coating, said metal ribbons having voids of different geometries.
This type of ribbons can be manufactured by punching of solid metal ribbons or more commonly by the traditional methods of metal expansion wherein a metal sheet is expanded by pressuring and punching through a series of knives arranged orthogonal to the advancement direction of the ribbon itself. This first step allows obtaining an expanded metal sheet. Such sheet is then subjected to a second step of cutting suitable for obtaining ribbons of the required dimensions.
Said expanded metal ribbons present meshes having voids of rhomboidal shape with the major diagonal oriented orthogonal to the ribbon length.
This method of manufacturing has the inconvenience of producing metal ribbons with meshes having cutting side protrusions automatically formed during the operation of cutting, making these anodes difficult to handle and the installation phase accordingly dangerous.
Metal ribbons with smooth lateral edges are disclosed in Canadian Patent Application CA 2078616 A1; by the method described this document, the ribbons obtained present a continuous longitudinally-extending solid section of a certain width, which is invariably formed in the manufacturing process and which can only be used for spot-welding. In present-day cathodic protection systems, however, it is preferred not to weld ribbon anodes at all, but rather to overlay them directly to the reinforcement with plastic spacers arranged in-between. In such case, the longitudinally-extending solid section is just a loss of material, especially because this solid section invariably gets coated with precious metals during the application of the catalytic layer. Such catalytic layer however cannot work properly on a non-foraminous structure and affects the calculation of the actual current density impressed to the anodic structure, thereby complicating the design of the overall cathodic protection system.
Various aspects of the invention are set out in the accompanying claims.
Under one aspect, the invention relates to an anode in form of mesh ribbon for systems of cathodic protection, for instance of cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures, overcoming the inconveniences of the prior art, whose edges are substantially free of discontinuities in form of cutting protrusions and have a sinusoidal shape.
In the context of the present description reference is made, for the sake of simplicity, to cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures; it is understood that the invention may be practised in the field of cathodic protection in general, for instance comprising the cathodic protection of metal tank bottoms.
Under another aspect, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing said anode.
Under a further aspect, the invention relates to a cathodic protection system comprising at least one anode in form of mesh ribbon whose edges are substantially free of cutting protrusions.
Some of the most significant results obtained by the inventors are presented in the following description, which is merely provided by way of example without wishing to limit the invention.
The anode according to the invention consists of a ribbon of expanded metal characterised by meshes with rhomboidal shaped voids with the major diagonal oriented along the direction of the ribbon length. In one embodiment, the lateral edges of the ribbon have a sinusoidal profile and are free of cutting protrusions.
The inventors have surprisingly noticed that an anode for cathodic protection as hereinbefore described displays a remarkably reduced ohmic resistance per unit length, for instance up to 4- fold reduced, with respect to the anodes of the prior art.
The lower electrical resistance makes possible to reduce the number of electrical connections, for instance in a grid system, with sensible savings of material and installation time.
In one embodiment, the metal mesh ribbon is made of titanium.
In another embodiment, the metal mesh ribbon is coated with a catalytic coating containing noble metals or oxides thereof.
In one embodiment, the dimensions of the ribbon can have a width ranging from 3 mm to 100 mm with a thickness of 0.25 mm to 2.5 mm and a length of 1 m to 150 m.
For the sake of a better understanding of the invention, reference will be made to the following drawings, having the purpose of depicting some preferred embodiments thereof without limiting its extent. - Fig. 1A shows a top-view of a traditional expanded metal anode. - Fig. 1B shows a top-view of an expanded metal anode according to the invention.
In detail, Fig. 1A shows a top view of the traditional anode in which are distinguishable cutting protrusions 1 due to the manufacturing method including a cutting step, the rhomboidal geometry with major diagonal 3 of rhomboidal voids arranged in the direction of the ribbon width and the minor diagonal 4 of the same arranged in the direction of the ribbon length.
Fig. 1B shows a top-view of the anode according to the invention in which are distinguishable non-cutting blunt lateral edges 2, the rhomboidal geometry with major diagonal 3 of rhomboidal voids arranged in the direction of the ribbon length and the minor diagonal 4 of the same arranged in the direction of the ribbon width.
Some of the most significant results obtained by the inventors are reported in Table 1, wherein ohmic resistance data of representative anodes of the invention are compared to traditional anodes. Anodes labelled A and B are anodes of rhomboidal geometry with the major diagonal of rhomboids oriented orthogonal to the ribbon length likewise depicted in Fig. 1A, traditionally obtained by longitudinal expansion with respect to the displacement direction of a solid metal ribbon. Anodes labelled C and D are anodes of rhomboidal geometry according to one embodiment of the invention, likewise depicted in Fig. 1B.
Anodes C and D were prepared by orthogonal expansion with respect to the displacement direction of a solid metal ribbon allowed to run in an apparatus along a parallel row of knives which expand the solid ribbon in an orthogonal direction by pressuring and punching. The ribbon manufacturing is completed by means of a last series of knives, having blades of 5 predefined length higher than the blades of previous knives, which upon applying a pressure are suitable for modelling the lateral edge of the ribbon as depicted in Fig. 1B. Besides the advantages already explained in terms of conductivity due to the anode geometry, this method has the advantage of providing an expanded metal ribbon free of longitudinally-extending solid sections which, being not subsequently cut, does not present any cutting edge and is therefore much safer and easy to handle during the installation. This method moreover allows to advantageously obtain a metal ribbon of the desired length directly upon completion of the expansion. Such method of production furthermore allows obtaining ribbons of higher length than the traditional method thereby facilitating big size installation which would require connections of multiple ribbons, with a lower solidity of the overall anodic system.
From the data reported in the table it can be noticed that for a given width, the anodes of the invention display an ohmic resistance about 60% lower.
Table 1
The previous description is not intended to limit the invention, which may be used according to different embodiments without departing from the scopes thereof, and whose extent is univocally defined by the appended claims.
Throughout the description and claims of the present application, the term "comprise" and variations thereof such as "comprising" and "comprises" are not intended to exclude the presence of other elements or additives.
The discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles and the like is included in this specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention.
It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters formed part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention before the priority date of each claim of this application.
Claims (8)
1. Anode for cathodic protection in form of expanded metal ribbon with rhomboidal meshes free of longitudinally-extending solid sections, characterised in that said rhomboidal meshes are geometrically arranged with the major diagonal parallel to the direction of the ribbon length.
2. Anode according to claim 1, characterised in that the lateral edge profiles along the length of said ribbon are free of discontinuities.
3. Anode according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said metal is titanium.
4. Anode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said metal is coated with a catalytic layer.
5. Anode according to claim 4, wherein said catalytic layer comprises noble metals or oxides thereof.
6. Method of manufacturing the anode according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprising the following steps: - running of a metal ribbon through an expanding device equipped with at least one row of knives of a first predetermined length arranged parallel to the direction of the ribbon displacement, - expansion of the metal ribbon by means of pressing and punching action of said at least one row of knives, - formation of lateral edge profiles of the expanded metal ribbon by means of pressing and punching action of a last row of knives having blades of a second predetermined length higher than said first length.
7. A cathodic protection system comprising at least one anode according to any one of claims 1 to 5 embedded in a cementitious structure equipped with metal reinforcement bars.
8. Method for cathodic protection of a reinforced concrete structure consist of applying an anodic potential to said anodes of said cathodic protection system of claim 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT001689A ITMI20101689A1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | ANODE FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION AND METHOD FOR ITS ACHIEVEMENT |
| PCT/EP2011/066021 WO2012035107A1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-15 | Anode for cathodic protection and method for manufacturing the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SG188189A1 true SG188189A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
Family
ID=43738911
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SG2013007562A SG188189A1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-15 | Anode for cathodic protection and method for manufacturing the same |
Country Status (25)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20130168261A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2616568B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6068343B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20140001837A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103119201B (en) |
| AR (1) | AR084116A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2011303882B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112013006334B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2808397C (en) |
| CO (1) | CO6680713A2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK2616568T3 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA024024B1 (en) |
| EC (1) | ECSP13012490A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2711605T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1185386A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20101689A1 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA34596B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2013002844A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY159927A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ606985A (en) |
| PE (1) | PE20140396A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2616568T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT2616568T (en) |
| SG (1) | SG188189A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012035107A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104763506A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-08 | 上海天纳克排气系统有限公司 | Gas exhausting system |
| US10376946B1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2019-08-13 | James E. Ealer, Sr. | System and method of making an expanded metal gutter cover having a solid edge margin |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR450528A (en) * | 1912-10-24 | 1913-03-27 | The Universal Metal Lath And Patent Company | Metal sheet splitting and pushing machine |
| US2223497A (en) * | 1940-03-01 | 1940-12-03 | Bostwick Steel Lath Company | Expanded metal lath cutting machine |
| US3162925A (en) * | 1962-04-24 | 1964-12-29 | Robert M Felsenthal | Apparatus for producing expanded metal |
| US3607411A (en) * | 1968-03-21 | 1971-09-21 | Exmet Corp | Prestretched expanded metal and method of making it |
| JPS50140359A (en) * | 1974-04-27 | 1975-11-11 | ||
| US5421968A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1995-06-06 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure |
| US4923583A (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1990-05-08 | Olin Corporation | Electrode elements for filter press membrane electrolytic cells |
| IT209004Z2 (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-09-02 | Magneti Marelli Spa | MACHINE FOR THE REALIZATION OF A GRID TAPE OF METAL ALLOY OR PLASTIC MATERIAL USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PLATES FOR ACCUMULATORS |
| GB8903321D0 (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1989-04-05 | Ici Plc | Metal mesh and production thereof |
| CA2018869A1 (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-01-07 | William A. Kovatch | Mesh anode and mesh separator for use with steel-reinforced concrete |
| US5062934A (en) | 1989-12-18 | 1991-11-05 | Oronzio Denora S.A. | Method and apparatus for cathodic protection |
| CA2078616A1 (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 1993-03-21 | James B. Bushman | Cathodic protection anode and method |
| WO1996030561A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Alltrista Corporation | Jacketed sacrificial anode cathodic protection system |
| US6139705A (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 2000-10-31 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Lead electrode |
| JP4899239B2 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2012-03-21 | パナソニック株式会社 | Method for producing expanded mesh sheet and method for producing lead-acid battery grid |
| ITMI20080714A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-19 | Industrie De Nora S P A | ANODE FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION |
-
2010
- 2010-09-17 IT IT001689A patent/ITMI20101689A1/en unknown
-
2011
- 2011-07-04 AR ARP110102393A patent/AR084116A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-09-15 WO PCT/EP2011/066021 patent/WO2012035107A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-09-15 US US13/819,643 patent/US20130168261A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-15 EA EA201390399A patent/EA024024B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-09-15 KR KR1020137006504A patent/KR20140001837A/en active Search and Examination
- 2011-09-15 PE PE2013000509A patent/PE20140396A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-09-15 NZ NZ606985A patent/NZ606985A/en unknown
- 2011-09-15 DK DK11757856.7T patent/DK2616568T3/en active
- 2011-09-15 PL PL11757856T patent/PL2616568T3/en unknown
- 2011-09-15 JP JP2013528672A patent/JP6068343B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-15 CA CA2808397A patent/CA2808397C/en active Active
- 2011-09-15 MY MYPI2013000543A patent/MY159927A/en unknown
- 2011-09-15 PT PT11757856T patent/PT2616568T/en unknown
- 2011-09-15 AU AU2011303882A patent/AU2011303882B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-15 BR BR112013006334A patent/BR112013006334B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-09-15 SG SG2013007562A patent/SG188189A1/en unknown
- 2011-09-15 MX MX2013002844A patent/MX2013002844A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-09-15 EP EP11757856.7A patent/EP2616568B1/en active Active
- 2011-09-15 ES ES11757856T patent/ES2711605T3/en active Active
- 2011-09-15 CN CN201180044409.8A patent/CN103119201B/en active Active
- 2011-09-15 MA MA35798A patent/MA34596B1/en unknown
-
2013
- 2013-03-15 EC ECSP13012490 patent/ECSP13012490A/en unknown
- 2013-03-15 CO CO13052521A patent/CO6680713A2/en unknown
- 2013-11-14 HK HK13112761.7A patent/HK1185386A1/en unknown
-
2015
- 2015-10-21 US US14/919,191 patent/US20160040302A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL2616568T3 (en) | 2019-05-31 |
| US20130168261A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
| AU2011303882A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
| MA34596B1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
| ITMI20101689A1 (en) | 2012-03-18 |
| EP2616568B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
| CN103119201A (en) | 2013-05-22 |
| JP6068343B2 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
| CN103119201B (en) | 2015-12-16 |
| US20160040302A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
| DK2616568T3 (en) | 2019-02-18 |
| MX2013002844A (en) | 2013-06-18 |
| PE20140396A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
| JP2013537261A (en) | 2013-09-30 |
| BR112013006334B1 (en) | 2020-01-21 |
| AR084116A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| HK1185386A1 (en) | 2014-02-14 |
| NZ606985A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| MY159927A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
| WO2012035107A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
| EA024024B1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
| CO6680713A2 (en) | 2013-05-31 |
| CA2808397C (en) | 2019-12-03 |
| ECSP13012490A (en) | 2013-04-30 |
| EP2616568A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
| CA2808397A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
| PT2616568T (en) | 2019-02-25 |
| BR112013006334A2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
| AU2011303882B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
| KR20140001837A (en) | 2014-01-07 |
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| EA201390399A1 (en) | 2013-07-30 |
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