SG182694A1 - Processes for producing denatured ethanol - Google Patents

Processes for producing denatured ethanol Download PDF

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Publication number
SG182694A1
SG182694A1 SG2012054706A SG2012054706A SG182694A1 SG 182694 A1 SG182694 A1 SG 182694A1 SG 2012054706 A SG2012054706 A SG 2012054706A SG 2012054706 A SG2012054706 A SG 2012054706A SG 182694 A1 SG182694 A1 SG 182694A1
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SG
Singapore
Prior art keywords
ethanol
stream
denaturant
column
composition
Prior art date
Application number
SG2012054706A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Victor J Johnston
Trinity Horton
Radmila Jevtic
Lincoln Sarager
R Jay Warner
Heiko Weiner
Original Assignee
Celanese Int Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/889,260 external-priority patent/US8858659B2/en
Application filed by Celanese Int Corp filed Critical Celanese Int Corp
Publication of SG182694A1 publication Critical patent/SG182694A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/132Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
    • C07C29/136Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
    • C07C29/147Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
    • C07C29/149Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B61/00Other general methods
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C27/00Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds
    • C07C27/04Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds
    • C07C27/06Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds by hydrogenation of oxides of carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/74Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C29/76Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C07C29/80Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/74Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C29/76Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C07C29/80Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation
    • C07C29/84Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation by extractive distillation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C31/00Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C31/02Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols
    • C07C31/08Ethanol
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/41Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by hydrogenolysis or reduction of carboxylic groups or functional derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/45Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation
    • C07C45/48Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation involving decarboxylation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C49/00Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
    • C07C49/04Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C49/08Acetone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/125Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1857Aldehydes; Ketones
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    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
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    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
SG2012054706A 2010-02-02 2011-02-01 Processes for producing denatured ethanol SG182694A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30081510P 2010-02-02 2010-02-02
US33269610P 2010-05-07 2010-05-07
US33272710P 2010-05-07 2010-05-07
US12/889,260 US8858659B2 (en) 2010-02-02 2010-09-23 Processes for producing denatured ethanol
PCT/US2011/023322 WO2011097217A2 (fr) 2010-02-02 2011-02-01 Procédés de production d'éthanol dénaturé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
SG182694A1 true SG182694A1 (en) 2012-08-30

Family

ID=45945435

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SG2012054706A SG182694A1 (en) 2010-02-02 2011-02-01 Processes for producing denatured ethanol

Country Status (15)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2531476A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013518819A (fr)
KR (1) KR20120130765A (fr)
CN (1) CN102421734B (fr)
AU (1) AU2011213056A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112012019360A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2787786A1 (fr)
CO (1) CO6602151A2 (fr)
IL (1) IL221220A0 (fr)
MX (1) MX2012008935A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ601367A (fr)
RU (1) RU2012137254A (fr)
SG (1) SG182694A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW201132619A (fr)
WO (1) WO2011097217A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9073816B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2015-07-07 Celanese International Corporation Reducing ethyl acetate concentration in recycle streams for ethanol production processes
US8754268B2 (en) * 2011-04-26 2014-06-17 Celanese International Corporation Process for removing water from alcohol mixtures
US8895786B2 (en) 2011-08-03 2014-11-25 Celanese International Corporation Processes for increasing alcohol production
NL2007304C2 (en) * 2011-08-26 2013-02-27 Progression Industry B V Use of perfume composition as fuel for internal combustion engines.
US8779208B2 (en) 2012-05-18 2014-07-15 Eastman Chemical Company Process for reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds from the ketonization of carboxylic acids
JP6723151B2 (ja) * 2014-04-28 2020-07-15 株式会社ダイセル 酢酸とアセトアルデヒドと酢酸エチルの製造方法

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US2607807A (en) * 1950-02-24 1952-08-19 Du Pont Preparation of alcohols from carboxylic acids
US2882244A (en) 1953-12-24 1959-04-14 Union Carbide Corp Molecular sieve adsorbents
US3130007A (en) 1961-05-12 1964-04-21 Union Carbide Corp Crystalline zeolite y
DE3221077A1 (de) * 1982-06-04 1983-12-08 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von ethanol
US5026908A (en) 1984-05-03 1991-06-25 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Methanol carbonylation process
US5001259A (en) 1984-05-03 1991-03-19 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Methanol carbonylation process
US5144068A (en) 1984-05-03 1992-09-01 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Methanol carbonylation process
GB8509530D0 (en) * 1985-04-13 1985-05-15 Bp Chem Int Ltd Hydrogenation of carboxylic acids
CA1299195C (fr) 1986-06-16 1992-04-21 G. Paull Torrence Ajout d'hydrogene a un gaz d'alimentation contenant du monoxyde de carboneen vue de produire de l'acide acetique par carbonylateur du methanol
US5821111A (en) 1994-03-31 1998-10-13 Bioengineering Resources, Inc. Bioconversion of waste biomass to useful products
USRE35377E (en) 1993-05-27 1996-11-12 Steinberg; Meyer Process and apparatus for the production of methanol from condensed carbonaceous material
US5599976A (en) 1995-04-07 1997-02-04 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Recovery of acetic acid from dilute aqueous streams formed during a carbonylation process
IN192600B (fr) 1996-10-18 2004-05-08 Hoechst Celanese Corp
EP0990638A1 (fr) * 1998-10-01 2000-04-05 Kvaerner Process Technology Limited Procédé
US6627770B1 (en) 2000-08-24 2003-09-30 Celanese International Corporation Method and apparatus for sequesting entrained and volatile catalyst species in a carbonylation process
US6657078B2 (en) 2001-02-07 2003-12-02 Celanese International Corporation Low energy carbonylation process
US6685754B2 (en) 2001-03-06 2004-02-03 Alchemix Corporation Method for the production of hydrogen-containing gaseous mixtures
US7115772B2 (en) 2002-01-11 2006-10-03 Celanese International Corporation Integrated process for producing carbonylation acetic acid, acetic anhydride, or coproduction of each from a methyl acetate by-product stream
US7005541B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2006-02-28 Celanese International Corporation Low water methanol carbonylation process for high acetic acid production and for water balance control
US7208624B2 (en) 2004-03-02 2007-04-24 Celanese International Corporation Process for producing acetic acid
SG185947A1 (en) * 2007-11-14 2012-12-28 Bp Plc Process for the production of alcohol from a carbonaceous feedstock
US20100030001A1 (en) 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Laiyuan Chen Process for catalytically producing ethylene directly from acetic acid in a single reaction zone
US7608744B1 (en) 2008-07-31 2009-10-27 Celanese International Corporation Ethanol production from acetic acid utilizing a cobalt catalyst
US8501652B2 (en) 2008-07-31 2013-08-06 Celanese International Corporation Catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid
US7863489B2 (en) 2008-07-31 2011-01-04 Celanese International Corporation Direct and selective production of ethanol from acetic acid utilizing a platinum/tin catalyst
US20100030002A1 (en) 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Johnston Victor J Ethylene production from acetic acid utilizing dual reaction zone process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011097217A3 (fr) 2011-11-03
JP2013518819A (ja) 2013-05-23
EP2531476A2 (fr) 2012-12-12
CN102421734B (zh) 2015-11-25
KR20120130765A (ko) 2012-12-03
CO6602151A2 (es) 2013-01-18
NZ601367A (en) 2014-07-25
AU2011213056A1 (en) 2012-08-02
MX2012008935A (es) 2012-08-15
TW201132619A (en) 2011-10-01
WO2011097217A2 (fr) 2011-08-11
RU2012137254A (ru) 2014-03-10
IL221220A0 (en) 2012-10-31
CN102421734A (zh) 2012-04-18
BR112012019360A2 (pt) 2018-05-08
CA2787786A1 (fr) 2011-08-11

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