SE545799C2 - Injection arrangement in a calcination system - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments herein relate to an injection arrangement 106 in a calcination system 100 that for example may be used for calcination of lime mud. The injection arrangement 106 comprises: an injector inlet 202 configured to receive preheated input material, for example lime mud, from a media separated heat exchanger 104 into a fluid conductor configured for transferring said preheated input material to an injector 208, said injector 208 being configured to inject said preheated material into an electrically heated calcination reactor 108; and an injection gas 107 supply configured to supply gas for transfer and injection of input material into said electrically heated calcination reactor 108. Different parts of the injection arrangement 106 are exemplified in embodiments herein.

Description

\ i. __\ s Å i HN \ m “_ i i A _ \. f I::;Ii-': . .f 252%: I Tffflcf Fifi* i., TECHNÉCAL FEELD išmeodiments nerein reiate in generai te systems, aeoaratns and inetheds ter tnerrnai treatment et soiici chernicai oorneeunds, eernnteniy oaiiee oaioination. in eartieoiar, erneedirnents nerein reiate to systems and rnethede ter eaieirwation et time med in a time reoovery cycie in ceiiuieee industry.

Titus, erneodirneiwts herein reiate te: vxw - NN .-\,-\~ »s <3. »ß .w ;-\ .wa i . .~\.«\. w. i i - eaicinatien systern contigeratiens, f:~i^::r1*?r':_.? ;.\t_.\\i..;'_.\_. :Ei _. in ,.\_.\\§..»\,.\~ _.\_.~\:_.\.\»\_. emma ^\. \\»~\\\,~ \' n i \\\,\\ I A \\~\.~'\\~'.. \\_\\t én l ::“_,.-::t~*::^.':, oarticiiiaritf with an eieotric gas oiaema generator and mere eartieiiiarig; tor oaieination et time; - a media eeearated neat exehanger tor eitergy etiicient heating et soiid cnemicai cemeeunds, earticiiiariy iirne med; - a heat etirno arrangernent tor reooverirtg heat trem neated eaieirtatien process products, sticn as centeennds er gas er a ntixtere tnereet, eartictiiairiy quick time anciier carbon diexide COZ etiteut trorn a caiciitatien reacter; and - injection arrangement ter injection et neateri seiici enemicai centpeond inte the eaieinatien reaeter, eartieiiiariy a ehernieai cornpeiind in the terrn et iirne med.

BACKGRÛUNÜ in the generai etirsoit et adaeting manufacturing and process industry to tue rnere eitvireninentaiiy triendiy anci te ciecrease impact en oiirtiate change there is a need tor increasing capacity and etiieieney in caicinatien process soietiens, tor exarneie ter recevery et iirne in paper rnartotaotiiriitg, eernent industry er rnetai industry. in eenveritieitai incinstriai processes caioinatieit is carried ent in turnacee or kiins nsnaiiy iieateci toy cernonstion or burning et tessii tiieis er eiotueis to achieve tnerntai ciecennoesition et input rnateriai. Tnis oenventionai kind et oaioinatieit is envirenrnentaiiy nntriendiy and has tindesired inteacts on ciirnate change. Gtner cirawbaoks are 'tor exarnbie that the equipment is btiiky, the process tirne is iortg, the process is oittiouit to oentroi and investment costs for instaiiatien is high. it has been broboseti in patent piibiications tft/O tšâitštšfiâfâü anci tft/Û tšâitšafiâêü to erncioy caicinatiort by means ot eieotricaiiy geherateci gas piasrtta. Contbareo to caicination with traoitionai ttirnaces er itiins, caicination in a caicinatien reactor heated by eiectricaiiy generated gas biasrna offers inter aiia the toiiowirtg aovantages. Caoacity can be increaseo in for exarnbie by ttiii scaie oeoioymeitt or in existing caicination taoiiities by oeoioyittent ot subpiententary srnaiier ntoouies ot eiectricai gas biasrna oaicinatory systems. Separation et carbon oicxioe GOQ can be contiiicteo vifith a high degree ot ourity at iovr cost. Heat can be recovereti to a higher oegree. Lower instaiiation costs. Further advantages inoiooe higher energy etticiency, ioyv degree of emission, raoici process controi and bossibiiities to rnake the yvtioie iirne recovery cycie rnore eiticiertt. OBJECT it is a generai object et' the present inventien to provide intoroved oaioination systern oontigurations, ~“:f*tï*:*f\:::tš: “f iïrfvï* nïf':t?“:_.^5;: for eieetricaiiy heated caicination.

More particuiai' objects concern improved heat management in the caicinatioit process as weii as irnoroveci rnateriai and rneciia tiow in the caioination process.

SUMMARY The above inciicateo ano other objects are achieveo by entboointents of caicination systerns *ztff ~':::ï~“:šïï~ šifrn. rïï°“f;f described herein. a oaioinaticn systern comerises: - an tfltor receiving inoot rnateriai, tor exarnoie in the torrri ot' _.-_:. __: __... _.__._:,._~' _f___.__ __. _..._.__.: ._..___..\_<:____. ____.__.: .\~.____..:_ _...- _~ .__ ___... ..._ __... .__.._..~_ . _ _ _ _ _ _»\ _-.\.\ ,\~_ få _ .Aw .~\ _» .-\ __\ /ÅN _\ .w _. ~ \«\ .~\ _.\_ _\ _.. _. ,-\§.\ N _.\ . _ _» _» _. \._ _»__.- .__ .~ \_\.«_.~\.\..__. .~... _ _ 0.... __-,__.\.__ _.___ _.\_\_._ _..~__.\.~:-._.. _ . _~ \_\.__ ._ __ ___-_... .._~ m.. :-\: ~\_~~~~'\: ~-\ _ _ »___-___ ~_= .___ _ _ _ .fi _~\.~\ .\.\_ . .\ c. _.. .__ NW, ..._-__ _~_...Å__ .___ __.__' ._ _.__'.;__ _._ ,.__.____,___.___ _ ___ ___ .__ _.. :_ ___, _._.§';_~\_ _ ___ , __; ..._ _., ._.~~ _____.- .~.~\.«_. \.«_.._.~___ .-____._». \.-\.«_._~»__ m.. .~ . _ ~\.« _* \.~ \.~ N N _. _ ..»\ __ _» _ _-.\ ___ _. “__ m; ._ ___- _.\_: ._~_.__\_.\.\ :h __. _«~.._ “__ _ _ _ ~»__.~.._. ___...\_.-~».._~ _. ___» _.___.- .-__.~... _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ .-___« _~_..-\_.~_..+.-\_«\' ___-_-. - .-.-\t«__.__-\_._.-\_.~ _- vw; g; ;.«__-.-\,-\-_\ __-\__~\__ _~- _«\-__- ___.. ___-. __.~_«_.~_ .-__. .~.:. .-__-.«___\_- _:« ,- g.._-\_..._.\._-_~ _ \_ -_. .___,.. .~ __ _ _ .~_.. ...M .~ _... ___ _~_ ...__ __ __ .- __. .~ .-_ __ __. .__ _... _.~. __... __ _ _. _.._ _ _.~ __» _~._. ~...__ _ _ .~_.. _.~ ._ _ _ _ . _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~\ -\.» _ _.-\~ .-\: _» _~\_\.«_.«\_-\»:~ _- _~ _ __, __*-.-\_«_~ _-\_« \=_~\~.-\_-\_ _~.-\_-\ _ __. ___» __ - »_-\_~ _ .-_.-\_« __ ~.-_; ~_-.-\_~ ~ __. __ .-_.-\_.\_ _-.«\;»~~- _;»\.-\_ _» .A __«__.~.__ __»__.~ .~.. ___-___) _ _ _-_,.. .~ ._ ___-_.. __ _ _.. _ _-_ _ _ .-\._. _~ _.. ..-__ __ __. _~ ._._____. _«_. _.. .~ _~_ _ _- .-_ _ __ ___-_.. ..._ i __\_ I ___ .___\;_.\ _.. _.__._ . _.__.\ _. .\ _»__.-___<,._____.___ ___, :___ __: ___ __ _.\._.__,.____.._ .._._: ...-__._: ;__\;_. ...z- »___ _-_.\_._,.__._.__. ___» :__ ___ ...__ ._ ...__ ._. .~ ...__- ___ .___ ,-_ _\.__ _ .\,.._.~. ._.~ _ \.- __»..~\.\_ _\. :_ -\. .__ _ ...~ .~ _ _~_ _ ..._ »\.__ _\_; .-»»_._.~_ .__ ._ _ \.. _ . _ __ . . _ _ ._ ._ . _ . _ _ __ ___, .__ _- _ ___; .\ .\ .__ _.\._ _. _. _ «\ _ _«_ ___ .\ N; _ f; _.\_. »w ___. -_ _ _ _. _ __; _\ .__ _» .W _ ___. _.\._ _. _ ,.\ __.. q-N _. _. ..\ _.. _... - _. -.+ .\ ._ g .\ _ _ _ _, -.\ _. _. _ _. ~ .W _«_ _-.\ .__ __.___. ___. ,_..«__ __~ .______.,_..___.\__ _.. _.. __ ._ ._._....__..-__.\.___ .~_ __._ ._ .._~~.__.-_ .- ___ ...v _ ___» ..~.___..~_.._.._ _...«~_~~... .~_ .~»_ _ ._ __- =.~_ 3.. ..._ -_=:~_____ ._ _. s .www-_ .-_=:.- _- _..\.__ __... .»._ ......\.~_ .v ___ __ .~ _ .~____ w wx.. ..-\.«. ~ .__ .~. . .~._<_ __ ~='_'_»~~.<_ =1_.__=~ _».\._..._ ___,- _~_.-_.___-_-_.~__~_§ .-_.-_____c:.-__ _.-»-\__: _ ___... _ _. .._.«_s.~_; ___". ._ _ \.\ __. ..._ _ __ .-\.\__ ~ \.« .~ ~ _.. _ .___ _ ..._ ~§.\_ .w _ __ .-. ~_. ~ .«_ _»_\.;_.~_~ \.«- ._ __. _ .~\_«\\..~~ __' _~...___- ._ .~\.«_ .~~_ ._____~_.. ~ _... -.\.-\_~«\.\. _~- :w _.\_~- -_=\-_~\__~_._ .._.-_;_.\= . .__ ___... c _ _ __... _. .~___ _.-..._... .-..._ :__ ___... .-.. _.-_\.. .~ vw» _. .~_..._~_=_\.~ ...m ._ ___... ..._ .~_ who... ;-~~ »- .v\_-\~ _ _ _-.__- -\ +__-__ .~\ _ š _~_;.~__.-\_.-__~__-\__ .-\_~~,« _ .-\.\«\--.~ _~~_.-.~\_- _. ___~._ -\ _-\ _~__\~ ;.-_\_~_ ~\_.\_~~ -\.«-_..«\~ _. _... .~~_.«...-_- .~. _ .__ _ . _._ §._...,__. _\.»_ .___ 3.; ;___.__ __. _ .\_.___'~.-___.:.»_E ï_»_ ___, :_._< __... ..__:.._ _._,.\__..»___..__'._. ___: *__,.\.___\ . _._._§.\__.__.\___,.\___ _.\___._< .__ ._ ....~.._.. _ ._ *___ __ __ Nvxxfl __... ...___ ._ __-._.~ ._ .-_...__.._. ..._ __ .-.... ...__ .__ ...__ .__ ...__ ._ . _ _ _ “___ .__ ___.. ___., ..._ _._ _ ...___ .__._._\..___._. _.\_._ __... __.\_._~ _~._._._.- _._ ___., __._.___\__._ __.._ _35, __ _-___..._._= 5_._ ._ . _.__.\_..._5_.\ -._« _ in* _. ..5I_._= ___, _._.._ _ __ ___» _~_ _ _ __.. .~ ..._ _ .~..._ _ _~_ ___ ___-_.. ~__\...__ __ __ .,-_..~__-_... .___ _ ..«_,._... _... _ _ ._ _- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __.. _~. _... _ __.. _ ___ . ._ _ .- _ _ _ _ _ _ ._ . _. _ _ .- ._ _ _.;._ , _._. ._ _._._. _.__._ _ _.___ ___.. ._ _. _ n» _.w__.__._ ___. ___. _._ ._ __.. “_ __ __. _ ___. _ _.\ ._._.\ __._.._.\ _. _\ __\ __ ___, ___ _.\_ __.\_____ ,.\~ .__ _. _._\ _\ ._ ___ _ ._ __ _ _ _ .- _ _~_ ___ \_._ \_~'...~\.-\_-~ w \.~. .w _ ...__ \_-~ ..~...\\_. \.\_ _ .__ .~~..____ §.;...\.__ ~\.-~ _~_ .....__\.-_ .- .»\_« \ I _-\~ vx _-\ šfl .-\;.\ _-\ _-_- _- .-\ w -\ ,« »«.-\_-\~ _ _ .«\§.-\ ___-_.. ___-__ _.. _ .~_ _ ___ _.~ .~\~\_« _._-_ .~\_«.._\.«'__\_ _ \'_.._ï,_. 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FEG 2A and B sitoty ertthociirttents ot a caicination system tyith exempiiiyiitg ehtoodihtents ot' injection arrangeinents.

FEG 3A and 33 show ernoooiiwtents ot a oaioination system with exernpiifying ernhodiinents of meoia separated iteat exehanger.

FEG 4 shows show emhodimeitts oi a eaieination system with exempiityirig ernoodirnents of a heat reoovery arrangement. ÛETAÉLEÛ DESCREPTEÛN FEG t shows a sohematio overvievif ot emhodiments of a oaioination systern eonfigured for earrying out emhodimeitts of oaioinatioit methods, here exerripiitied hy an adaptation to oaioihation of iime rnud, tor exarnoie apoiieahie in a iirne iieoovery oyeie in ceiiiiiose iiidustry. Hewever, emhodiments are generaiiy useahie andIor oontigurahie for caicinatioh or other thermai treatment ot other input ntateriais. in FiG t, system components contprised or optionaiiy coinprised in einhooiittents are sehematieaiiy' shown yvith arrows inciieating 'iiow citanneis for coinrntiiticating or transporting rnateriai such as soiici oornpotinds andior gas and/or heat hetirveeri said components. Detaiis orayvrt with intermittent iines indioate eptiohai features in eodition to the oontigtiratioit ot ntain einoooiitterits in tuiiy drewri iiries. FEG “i aiso serves as a sehernatie ttioty ohart tor ehrihodimerwts of oaioination methods. Caicinatitäri Titerrnai treatment oi a soiiti ehemioai cornpotinci is oomrnoniy eaiied eaieirtation. in such a process the eontpourid is heateo to high tentperattire heiow the irieitiitg point oi the soiid ehernioai cornpotirto generaiiy under restricted siippiy oi ambient oxygen. The generai purpose rnay he to achieve titerntai deoompositiori anoior to rentove irnporities or voiatiie suostanoes.

Ceicinetieiri ef iírne Ceieinetien et time, in eccerdence with emeeeimeitts diseiesed herein, is ter exampie eppiicaeie in time reeevery eyeies in precess industry sueh as in the eeiitiiese industry, in the cement industry er in the metei industry. in such iime reeevery eycies iime cemerisiitg erystei terms et ceicium cereenete (CeCÛiå) is thermeiiy decempesed te eeieiuiti exide (CeG), eise ceiied euick iime, end eerpen diexide (COZ). The ceicinetieit reectien is Ceílüötis) e» Ceílrts) + Ctlütg), where (s) denetes seiid eempetind end (e) denetes ges term eemeeund.

Fer exempie, in the ceiiuiese industry iime med is e ey-preduct eieteined in puip miiis as pert et the preeess that turns wveed inte puip ter paper. in e puip ihiii, weed chips are eeeited with sediurn hydrexide te extrect the »seed tihei" iised te anette peper trem the iigniri tiiet binds the weed together. During this process, sedium hydrexide is eenverted te sedium eereeriete. Caieiuin exide, eise itnewn es etiickiime, is then edded te cenvert the sedium eerhenete hack te sedium hydrexide in erder te use it egein. in the preeess, eaicitim cereenete in the terrn et iime mud is ehteiited. Lirne rnud is rrieiniy eeieium eerheriete mixed with weter “terrning e siudge. The time ntud is then eaieined te retrieve eeiciurn exide in e iime reeevery eycie. Betere eeieinetien, the iirrie rnud is preterehiy dried te en extent suitehie ter tieridiing in cennectien with and in the ceiciitetien preeess. Fer exernpie, the input itteteriei sueh es iime er iime med rriey he puiverized inte a pevvder in eenneetien ttrith the erying. Simiier processes ere es rrientiened eppiieeeie in ether ineustries.

Ceieinetien et ceicium cerheiiete begins te eccur et epeut Qtšt) degrees Ceisius, end nerrneiiy caicinetien tekes piece et ternperatures in the range gett-t 'itïtfi degrees Ceisius, wherehy ceiciunt exide end eerhen diexide is terrned. The eeieinetien reectien is reversipie, erid in erder te eveid reterrtiuiatien et eeieium eerhenete in the presence et eerhen diexide the ternperettire mtist iee meinteined eeeve the eeieinetien temperature. With tentpereture reising te eheut tttitš degrees Ceisius end eieeve the ceiciurn exide sinters. in the sintering precess the ceicium exide is cempaeting in the pheneihenen thet eaieitiih crystais ere eeiiepsed end terrning e seiid mess et inateriei. The rete et the sintering is inereesed tfvith higher temperature.

Furthermore, weter veper (herein eise eeiied steern) iney be used es e eaten/st ter sintering. (lin the ether hend, in erder te aveid sintering the preeess sheuid ee kept šfi tree trem weter veeer. in the eaieinetien ereeess, eerhen eiexiee C02 is reieasee trem the eaieitiin earhenate ene etter sintering the eaieium exiee is mere staieie. Atter such a eeieinetien ereeess et time ineut meteriai eeinerisirtg eeieiurri eerhertetes being eenvertee inte euiek time, i.e. eaieium exiee, the euiek iime is usuaiiy siaiteci with green iietier. irieut* ter' materia! te be therrrrieiiv treated ev eeicinetiert As shewn in FEG i, en emheeiiment et e eeieirtetien system 'itlitš eenierises en ineut “H32 ter rnateriai te he thermaiiy treated, ter exameie an input in the term et a iime mue sterege eenteiner. Tyeieeiiy, input rnateriei sueh as erieci iime niutzi is aeeeittnteeatee in the ineut 162 anci eemrnunieatee via a vaive (net shewn in FiG t) te a meeie seearatee heat exehanger tee. thus, ernheeirnents et the eaieinatien systern eemerise en input m2 ter reeeiving ineut meteriei, ter exerrieie in the term et time mue. tšnteeeintents et a eaieinatien methee eernerises reeeiving input nteteiriei in the term et iirne med. išmheeiiments ter time eeieiitetien may he eentiguree ter ineut meteriei in the term et iime raw meteriai, which herein is meteriai eeinerising eeieium earhenate eenteiniiig rninereis er stihstertees such es iimesterte, iinie siuege, eeiemite, eeieiurri eentaiiting siudge. ívteeie seeareted iteat excherieei" The etireese et the media seeeratee heat exehanger tee is te reise the temperature et the ineut itteteriei vvithetit reeireuietien et inateriei, ereterahiy ey using heat trem heetee eeieinatien ereeess ereeuets ehtainett eewnstream in the eeieiitetien systern. Emheeimertts et the eeieirtetien system tet) eernerises e rneeie seearatee heat exehanger tee eeueiee te seie ineut ane eentiguree te eeneuet ineut nieteriei in e eiureiity et ehenneis, ter exemeie tuhes. Ernheeirttents et e eaieinetien rnethee eenterises eeneueting saie ineut inateriai in a eiuraiity et ehanneis et a meeia seeeratee heat exehanger tee. inetit meteriai, stieii as iime rnue, eesses threugh ene is heetee hy the rneciie seearatee heat exehanger tee, ene is etiteut te an injeetierw airrangement tee via en eutiet (net shewn) trern the meeie seearatee heet exehanger ”Eee-_ in a eentiguratien et the eeieinetien system aeeiiee ter iirne reeevery, the input meteriei in the term et iime mud preterahiy and ideeiiy heids e ternpereture in the range ei ätit) degrees Ceisius tft/hen it ieaves the media seearated heat exohanger tee.

The ihedie separated heet exehahger “itiri eptieneiiy eentprises en iniet ter e driving ges suppiy itiíš eentigured te eneeie teeding ett e driving ges et e pressure in the range et t ata (atniespiterie pressure eheve vaeutirn). The purpose et the driving ges is te drive the input meteriai, in pertieuier input meteriei eemprisirig e seiid eeinpeund, to rnove through the media seearated heat exohanger tee, ih ernhedirnents ter exarnpie adapted te eeioinatien et time, the driving ges is earhon diexide C52 er steam. The driving gas is in emeodiments reeyeied earhen diexide CBÛE reeeveited treih the eeieiiwation preeess. in ernhedirnents edepted ter input materiai in the term et generaiiy dry time mud, remaining rnoisture in the input iime mud may trahsterin inte steam in the media separated heat exohanger, tvhieh steam serves es driving ges itseit er in addition te turther stippiied driving ges. in emhediments, e seieetien et ene er mere aettiators, preterahiy eeupied to a centret unit 124, are eentigtired ter eentreiiing ene or mere et: - The “teeding et input rneteriei, ter exempie hy rneeris et the epeve rnentiened veive (net shevvn ih FEG "iiter communicating input materiai inte the inedie separated heat exehanger tti-f-i.

- The distribution et input materiai inte er vvithiit the media separated heat exehanger *tee hy rneans et e distrieutien mechanism.

- The input et driving gas trem the driving ges suppiy 'itiö tor eentreiiing the veieeity et nteverneitt ot input materiei transperted threugh the media sepereted heet exehenger. input ineteriei, such as iime hiud, is in eitihediitients conducted threugh a piuraiity et input nteteitiei tuhes (net shevirn in Fitíš t) et the niedie sepereted heet exehenger tee. The input meteriei tuhes ere eentigiired in the rnedie seperated heet exehanger ttiri stioh that a het medium conducted threugh the media separeted heat exehanger tG-fi transters thermei energy by heet eenveetien erid heet redietieit te input rhateriei passing through the input rhateriai tuhes. in exampie emeodiments, the ihedie separated heet exehahger ”itifii is previded with e eevity surrounding the input materiai tuhes and such that het medium titreugit the media separated heat exehanger eernes inte eentaet vvith said tuhes.

Ertieodirtierits ot the media seeareted heet exehariger 'itltri ere shevvri in Fitš 3A and EB. Fiíš. 3A and 38 shew a media seearated heat exehanger “iüri fer use in a system 'itfitš ter oaioinatieri et iime mud, er in any ether syfstem ter heating ei tine- grained seiid ihateriai, in aeeerdanee ifvith emhediments herein. The media seearated heat exehanger “ififi eemerises an eeter sheii (EGR and ene er mere tiiiees íštšßi- arranged inside the sheii 3: in enthedintents, a media seearated heat exehanger the ter use in a system fer eaieinatien et iime rnud is previded. The media seeerated heat exehanger tee is arranged te heat iime med hy heat transter trorri het gas mixed iivith oaioium exide. "the media seearated heat exehenger eemerises an eiiter sheii 3G2, ene er ntere tuhes 364 arrenged inside the sheii 362. A e first medium ter heat transfer is ted inte the tuhes Belt and fiews dtiring heat transfer. A seeend medium ter heat transfer tiews etitside the tiihes. The first rnedidrn rney he het ges rnixed with eeieitirti exide and the seeend medium may he iime med. Aiterhativeiy, the first nteditint may he iime rndd and the seoend medium rtiey ioe hot ges mixed with oaioium oxide. in emeodiments, a media seearated heat exehanger tea ter use e systern ter eaieinatien et iime med is provided. The media seearated heat exehanger 194 eemerises en otiter sheii 3522 end one er mere tiihes 31234 erranged inside the sheii EGR. Lime rriud is tee inte the tuhes Bert ter transport during heating. 'the media seearated heat exehanger “iišfi further eernprises ene er mere primary iniets 31135 ter feeding heated gas used ter the heating et the iime mud. The heated gas is reoeived frem a eeieiitetien reaeter andfer e eyeieirie eemerised in the system ter eaieinatien ef iime mud. "the media seoarated heet exehanger further eernerises en eutiet 398 ter teeding heated iime med inte the reaeter in emhedimehts, the media seearated heat exehanger 'ttšßi ttirther eernerises a distrihuter Ett) ter teeding and distrihuting iime med inte the ene er :nere tiiees Bert. 'the distrihuter 319 may he vihrating, tfvherehy the iime mud is eveniy spread inte the tiiees 364. "the distrihuter 31 (i may further ee erranged te seeairate iarge partioies frem smaii, irrherehy tinegrained eertieies are fed inte the ene er mere tuhes The rnedia seearated heat exehanger 164 may turther cernerise ene er mere secondary iniets 312 tor teeding heated gas trem an externai stieeiy inte the exehanger. Therehy, the tiew et heated gas and the terneerature in the heat exchanger may he contreiied in a mere accurate vvay.

The ene er mere tuhes 304 may he erevided with ene er mere meveahie chains arranged en the inside et' the tuhes 394. Therehy a turhuient tiew et the ted iime mud is achieved. The inner side et the sheii 392 may he erevicieci with irreguiarities in the surface, trvherehy a turhuient tiew ot the heated gas is erevided. Turhtiient tiew is advantageetis cerrieared te iaminar tiew since the exchange et heat vviii he improved since the time ter the iime med te eass the tuhes 394 wiii he ienger, and the centact area ter the ditterent medium te exchange heat with each ether wiii he target.

The heat exchanger tfirorks as teiiews. iIIiried iime med, er any other seiid materiai, in the term et smaii earticies is ted inte the tuhes Städ tfvhieh serves ter transeert et the iime med during heating. tt may he neted that the materiai as weii may he eeeied. As can he seen treni the figure, the iime med rhay iee ted inte the tuees via a distrihtiter ter teeding and distrihuting iime mud into the tuhes at the uhher ends. The dietrihuter may he arranged te meve ter exarneie in an eseiiiating mevernent er rnay he arranged te meve hacit and terth in erder te distribute the iime mud eveniy in the tehes. The distrieuter may terttier he previded with a seearater certtigured te separate iarger earticies et the iime mud trem smaiier. The mere even sized eartieies and the mere even ted inte the tehes, the hettar performance ot the media seearated heat exchanger The iime med is then moving inside the tuhes tewards the iewer end and at the same time the tuhes and thus the iime med is heated. Te achieve as efficient heat transter as eessihie, the iime mud may move aieng the inside et the tuhes in a ttirhtiieitt tiew. This niay he achieved hy a centiguratien wherein that the tuhes are previded with a chain, er a wire er the iiite, en the inside wherehyr a ttirhtiierit 'iievv ei said ted iime rnud is achieved.

The media seharated heat exchanger 'the is turther hrovided with one er mere erirnary iniets ter teeding heated gas used when tteating the iime mud in the tuhes. The heated gas is received trem a caicinatieit reaeter and/er a cyciene cemprised in É-i the system ter eaieirtatieh et iirhe rhuci. The primary ihiet, er iniets, is previeiee in the ievver part et the sheii et the media separatee heat exehahger 154. The heated gas, which may have a eehteht et ptiiverizee seiici materiai, is ieci ihte the sheii via the primary ihiet, er iniets, ahe then rheves upwares ihsiee the heat exehahger. Heat vviii he trehsterree trern the heatee gas vie the tehes te the time rhee. Te eehieve as etteetive heat transfer as pessihie ahe te preveht teuiihg en ihner stirtapes er even eieggihg et the tievi/ paths, eise the heatee ges rnay nteve in a turhuieiwt tievr ihsiee the sheii et the heat exehartger. it is te he heted that ih the heat exehahger 194, the iiihe med may tietir ih the tuhes ahe the het ges rhay tiew eutsicie the tuhes. Aitemativeiy, the het gas htay tiew ih the tuhes, and the iime rhue rhay tietfir ehtsitie the tuees. This Wiii he expiaihee mere ih eetaii iater.

The eeieihatieh reaeter is ih the exempiityihg figures shewh as a piasrha reaeter, het the rhetiia separateci heat exehanger ihay he used tegether with ahy type et eaieihatieh reaeter. iriteetieft arrangerat-ant išmhetïiihteiwts et the ihieetieh arrahgerneht ”ititš are shevifh ih Fiíš 2A ehe 28. The ihieetieh arrangerheht ttštš is eehtigttreti te eenvey and injeet the ihpttt ntateriai, ter exampie heateci time rnue, ihte an eieetrieaiiy heateci eaieiiwatien reaeter H38. The ihieetieh arrangenteiit is ih eertaih emeeeirhehts eeepiee te a partieie separater t tt). Emhedirhehts et the eaieihatieh system titt) eerhprises ah ihiectieh arrahgenteht ttšö eehtigurett te receive ihput materia! trerh the meeia separatett heat exehahger 11234 ahe te ihieet ihput ntateriai inte ah eieetrieaiiy heated eaieihatieh reaeter M8. Emhettimehts et a eaieihetieh rhethee eerhprises ihieetihg input materiai ihte ah eieetrieaiiy heateti eaieinatien reaeter Emheciimeatts et the ihieetieh arrahgerheht "itše eentprises ah ihiet ter an ihjeetieh ges seppiyf te? eeritigitree te ehahie teeeing et ah ihieetieh gas at e eehtreiiahie pressure, ter exarhpie ih the range et t~5 ata (atrhespherie pressure aheve vaeuuhi). The purpese et the ihieetieiw gas is te eehtrei the injeetien rate, the ihieetieh pressure, the tiistrihutieit ahttier the temperature et the pre-heatee ihput materiai injeetee ihte the eieetrieaiiy heatee eaieihatien reaeter N38. in emheeirhehts, the intet ter ihiectieh gas stippiy is eehtreiiahie hy ehe er there aetuaters, preteraeiy' eeupiee te eehtrei 1G tinit12tš. in ernoooirtients tor exarnoie aciaoteo to caicirtation ot iirne, the injection gas is carhoiw ctioxioe C02 or stearn. The injection gas is in ernhooirnents recycieo carbon oioxitte CÛZ recovereo troni the caicination process. išrnhooirnents ot an injection arrangentertt ttitš in a caicination systern 199 cornorises an injector iniet 2G2 contigiireci to receive oreheated input inateriai, tor exarnoie time inatt, front a nteciia seoarateo heat exchanger ttliri into a tiuici conouctor contigureo tor transterriitg said preheatect input inateriai to an injector ílítiê; saio injector ílítiê being contigureo to inject saio preheateo rnateriai into an eiectricaiiy heateci caicination reactor too; and an injection gas to? siiooiy contigureo to suooijf gas tor transter ano injection ot input ntateriai into saio eiectricaiiy heateci caicination reactor 168. in enthooiiitents ot the injection arrangernent “itliê the injection gas 1G? is preheateo in an injection gas tuhe Ett? conoticteo through the rneciia seoarateci heat exchanger ttifi.

En enihociinients conthineci with a oarticie seoarator the injection arrangerrient ttïiö is contigureo such that saio iniet 2G2 is oositioneo in a cavity contigiireci to communicate oreheateo input materia! trorn saici ineoia seoarateo heat exchanger 164 to a oarticie seoarator “itti ano is contigureo to receive a rising tiow ot oreheateo inotit ntateriai in a streain ot injection gas 'itlfiï The injection gas to? is in stich emhodiments suooiieci in a tiow such that sntaiiei' oarticies are iitteo hy the injection gas strearn. This kina ot' configuration is suitahie in einoooiinents whereiit the injector 2:38 is contigtireti to inject saici oreheateo input rnateriai into a torrna 214 ot an eieotric oiasrria generator 213 ot saio eiectricaiiy heateci caicination reactor in other ernoooiinents ot the injection arrangerneitt ttltß, the injector Iïíttë is contigtireo to inject the preheateo input niateriai into a caicination citarriher 216 ot the eiectricaiiy heateo caicination reactor 193 in an input inateriai stream tangentiai in reiation to a gas oiasnia streant generateci hy an eiectric oiasitia generator 2t3 ot saio eiectricaiiy heateo caicination reactor H in enihooiiitents ot the injection arrangerneitt “E06 the injector iniet 2Q2 ano an outiet 218 tor said injection gas suooiy is oositioneo at an outiet 22t) ot saio nteoie seoarateo heat exchanger tott.

Paiticie segaratoi' The oartieie seoarator 119, aiso shovvn for exameie in Fig 2A, is, in ertthodirttehts vvhere it is ooniorised, eonfigured to separate iarger and heavier iumos ot preheated rttateriai, such as iime mtici, 'frortt smaiier and fighter oartioies oi rnateriai. The oarticie seearator t "iii is En errthodimeitts devised suoh that iumos ot ntateriai hy gravitv taiis into a iump ooiiection container and soon that srnaiier oartieies are iifted hy a strearn oi oreheated gas and input inte the Enjeetor arrangement itiß.

Errihodirnents of the oartioie seioarator is provided with a oontroiiahie suopiy of heated gas. in emtiodintents the supeiy ot heated gas is controiiahie hy one or more aetuators, preterahiy oouoied to controi unit tält. in emeodiments, the gas pressure in the particie seoarator is oontroiied hy oontroiiing the driving gas suepiy 'itliš on the eoid side oi the media seearated heat exoiianger toa.

Einhodiihents of the eaioination systern ttiti eomorises a eartieie separator iii) ooueied to the injection arrangement too and oontigured to separate iarger iuinos and smaiier oartioies ot soiid eorrioound En inout materiai, and to oonvey said srnaiier oarticies in a gas tiovv to said injection arrangement ide tor injection into said eieotrioaiiy heated eaieirtation reaetor ttšå. Ernhodirnents oi the oaioinatiort method eontorises seoarating, En a oartioie seoarator iii) ooueied to the injection arrangernent tiitï, such that iarger itirnos and smaiier oartieies of soiici oorneound in inout ntateriai are seearated, and eoriveying said smaiier oartieies En a gas tiow to said injection arrangement tüíš for injection into said eiectrioaiiy heated oaioination reaetor ide.

The oartieie seoarator may ide eonfigured or oontroiied such that oartieies oi ore~ heated input materiai vvith a size En the range of i to iíiiliü rniororrieters are input to the eaicination reaotor 198 via the injection arrarigemeitt itiß. With ooviider form the contact surface ot' the Enotit materiai vviii become very iarge, tvheretny the contact time with heat in the oaioinatioit reaotor can he rninimized. Eieetfticaiftf treated caicination ieaetor The eieotrieaiiy heated eaioination reaetor iiiå is thus eontigured to receive a tiow ot ore-heated ihateriai, such as time mod, front the inieotor arrangerrient and exoose the materiai to heat generated hy eieotrioityf. Ertthodirttents oi the eaicination system eomorises a said eieetricaiiy heated oaioination reaetor “iüå being contigtired to eonvert input rttateriai received hy rneaits of said irtieotiort arrangernent ttštï into 1.caiciriation process products oornprising a soiid oornpound, for exarnpie En the forrn of oaioinnt oxide, and a gas, for exarnpie in the forrn of carbon dioxide. Ernbodirneitts of a oaioination method eornprise oonverting, En said eiectrieaiiy heated oaieinatiort reaotor 198, input ntateriai into oaieinatioit process products oornprising a soiid eontpouiwd, for exarnpie in the forna of eaieiuin oxide, and a gas, for exarnpie in the forrn of carbon dEoxEde. in einbodiittents, the eaieination reaetor is eieotiricatiy heated by an eieotrEo gas piasrna generator eonfigured to inieot hot gas piasrna, suoh as carbon dioxide piasma, into a caicination ohainber of the caicination reactor tüâ, and possibiy rriaintain production of gas piasnta En the eaieiitation ehainbei” front gas, suoh as carbon dioxide C92, formed in the caicination process. in ernbodirnents appiied for heat treatrnent of time med, the iirne ntud that Es exposed to the heat of the gas piasrna is converted to oaioirtation process products in the forrn of oaioiunt oxide, aiso eaiied gtiiek iErne, and oarooiw dEoxEde C02. The oaioiiwation reaetor tott Es further configured to exEt the heat-treated rnateriai and if appiieabie caicination process products, such as quick iErne and carbon dioxide, to a first (th) separator An eieetrio gas ptasnta generator (itot shown in FEG t), oornprised in ernbodirnents of the caicination reaotor, is devised to stippiy energy via an eieotrio arc formed between eieotrodes. Gas is ionized and an energetic gas piasnia is forrned. íšuoh gas piasrria norrnaiiy has a terriperature En the range of 3QGG~4GÜG degrees (ïeisius or rnore at the discharge of the gas piasnta generator. The gas piasrria generator eontprises a :tezzie eaiied fornia eonfigured to inieot gas piasitta Ento the oaioirtation reactor H38. Pressurized gas ntay be stippiied to the fornta to overoorne a pressure drop oeourring over the gas piasrna generator. The pressurized gas rnay be used to oontroi the tentperattire of the gas piasrffa.

Preheated input rnateriai is En the oaioinatiort reaotor rnixed with or exposed to hot gas frorn the piasrna generator. The eaieiitation reaotor is in entbodintents eonfignred to baiartoe the exposure of the pre-heated input ntateriai to heat at too high tentperattire. For exarnpte, for input rnateriai eontprising EErne vvith eaieiurn oarbonate exposure to eaieination ternperatures exeeeding “iêtltfi degrees Ceisius ntay entaii risk for Enactivating the iirne, aiso caiied dead burning of the iiine. Cortfiguriitg the oaioination reaetor suoh that the input rnateriaE tfvhen inieeted in the caiciiwation reactor is in powder torni tiius having a iarge surface and such that the potvder torrned input rnateriai is exposed to heat tor a iirnited period oi tirrie enahies that inactivatiori ot the iriput iirne is avoicieci.

Cšerieraiiy, the input rnateriai is caicinated during tragnteitts ot seconds to a tevv seconds. Caicinatioit is preterahiy carried out at atrriospheric pressure, or at a srnaii Otitšiïißftšââtifê Ûi' UFiiCÉÉEEFfiIBFQSSLEFQ. ih other enthociirnerits, the caiciriation reactor H38 rhay he etectricaiiy iieated using resistive teohnoiogy, microwave or radio wave technoiogy, or other eiectrioaiiy driven iieating.

First sepairetrßr The tirst (ist) separator 'itä is contigtired to separate restiiting process products generated hy the heat treatment ot the inateriai in the caicihation reactor 168, such as sotid caiciitation process products in the torrn ot caiciunt oxide (otiick iinie) and gas torrried caicination process products in the torrn ot carbon dioxide C02 when appiied in a iirne recovery cycie. The teniperattire ot the caicinatioh process products received trorn the caicinatiort reactor 'ide is in iirne caicination ernhociimeitts exceeding Sot) degrees (ïeisius. ih the separator 112, iarger andfor heavier particies in the rnateriai 'ttotfv input trorn the caicination reactor 1:38 are separated trorn srnaiiei' and/or iighter particies and gas. The iarger and/or heavier particies are coiiected in a coiieotion horiper (not sitowh in iïiG t), and residuai caicination process products in the torrn ot gas usuaiitf together with a certain arriount ot srnaiier andior iighter particies are conducted out trorn the iirst separator 112 to a tirst (tft) heat recovery arrahgenierit ttß. in errihodirnehts the tirst separator 112 is a cyoione, an eiectric tiiter or a sedintentatioit device or sedirnentation arrangerneitt.

Ernhodirnents ot the caicinatioh system 'itfiti cornprises one or rnore separators 112118 contigured to separate said soiid cornpouitd in the torrn ot caiciunt oxide and gas in the torrn ot carhon ciioxide ot said caiciriation process products. Ernioodirneiwts ot a caiciitatioh rnethod corriprises separating, in one or rnore separators 112, tttt said soiid coinpound, tor exantpie in the torrn ot oaioiurn oxide and gas, for exampie in the fornt of carbon ciioxicie of said caicinatioh process products.

Emoodiments of the caicination system tott comprises: a first separator f ”i 2 configured to receive caicination process products from the eiectricaiiy heated caicihation reactor tott and to separate soiid compound, for exampie in the form of caicium oxide, from the gas, for exampie in the form of carhon ciioxide, of the caicinatioh process products. Emhodirnents of the caicinatiort method, oomprise separating, in a first separator ttíâ, caiciitation process products received from the eiectricaiiy heated caicination reactor (ftlttš) such that soiici compouhci, for exampie in the form of caicium oxioe, is separateo from the gas, for exampie in the form of carbon dioxide, of the caicihatioit process products. th emhodiments appiied for iime recovery from a time rnud, the residuai caicination process products output from the first separator t t? wifi comprise and usuaiitf mainiy cohsist of carpon ciioxide C52 ahci finegrained resicitiai caicium oxide (quick time), in emidodimehts of such iime recovery, a separation ratio ih a cycione variant of the first separator t f 2 wouid for exampie he in the range of ïš “š/t- of the caicium oxide (quick time) input from the caiciitation reactor tiltâš being coiiected in the coiiection hopper and in the range of 25 “š/t- of the caicium oxicie (quick time) being output from the separator t t2 together tivith carhon dioxide CQE. First ifeaf recovertf arrahoehteitt The first (tft) heat recovery arrangement 116 is configured to recover heat from the residtiai caiciriation process products output from the first separator t t2. Empodimehts of the caicirtation system cornprises a first heat recovery arrangement tttš configureo to receive said caicination process products, to extract heat from said caicihatioit process products and transfer said extracted heat to said input materiai in said inedia separated heat exchanger titt. fširthooiittents of a caicination method contprise extracting, ih a first recovery arrahgernent ftfš, heat from said caicination process products and transferring said extracted heat to said ihput ntateriai in said nneciia separated heat exchanger tuff. in emidociimehts the first (tft) heat recoveiy arrangement tftš comprises a fiow iine configured to conduct a fiow of residuai caiciitation process products at a first higher ternperature into the media separated heat exchanger t G4, through said Iifš media separated heat exchanger titt where residuai caicirtation process products transter heat to input materiai moving through said media separated heat exchanger ttifi and out ot said rhedia separated heat exchahger ttifi at a second tower tentperattire. in errihodirrieiwts the (181) heat recovery arrahgement tttš aiternativeiy or additionaiiy cornprises a heat pump (het shown in Fiíš t) centigured to extract heat troni the residuai caicination process products and preteraoiy to trahster said extracted heat to the rriedia separated heat exchahger.

Garnera! entbodintehts of caicinatioit svstern and caicinatioh :rtethtid išmhodiments ot a caiciriation systern tot), cornprises: an input m2 tor receiving input rnateriai, tor exaihpie in the torrn ot iime rnud; a media separated heat exchanger 1tIi4 coupied te said input and centigiired to conduct input rnateriai in a piuraiity ot channeis; an injection arrangernent “iütš contigtired to receive input rnateiriai trorn the rnedia separated heat exchanger tue and to iniect input rnateriai into an eiectricaiiy heated caicination reactor 168; a said eiectricaiiy heated caicinatien reactor tott being contigured to cohvert input rhateriai received hy rneans ot said injection arrahgerheht 'ide into caicinatioh process products comprising a soiid oornpouitd in the torm ot caicitirtt oxide and a gas in the torm ot carhon dioxide; a tirst heat recovery arrahgement tttš cohtigured to receive said caicinatiort process products, to extract heat trorn said caicination process products and transter said extracted heat to said input rnateriai ih said ntedia separated heat exchanger tue; and ohe or rriore separators 112, titt contigured to separate said soiid oonipound in the torrn ot' caiciurn oxide ahd gas ih the term ot carbon dioxide ot said caicination process products. išmhodiments ot a caiciriatioh method, corriprising: receiving input materiai, tor exarhpie in the torrn ot iirne rnud; cendticting said input rnateriai in a piuraiity ot channeis ot a media separated heat exchanger toa; injecting input rnateriai inte an eiectrioaiiy heated caicination reactor 168; convertihg, in said eiectricaiiy heated caicination reactor 198, input rnateriai into caicirtatioh process products cornprising a soiid contpound in the torrn ot oaioiurn oxide and a gas in the torni ot carbon dioxide; extractihg, in a tirst recovery anrangemeht titš, heat trorn said caicination process products and transterring said extracted heat to said input niateriai ih said media separated heat exchanger 1Ci4; and separatihg, in one or more separaters 112, 118, said soiid eerneeund in the torrh et eaieiurh exide and gas in the torrh et carhen dioxide et said oaioinatieh process products.

Second hetat reoeverv arraneerneht Errihedirriehts et a seeend (Qtfi) heat recevery arrangerheht 114 are shown in FEG 4. A second (2111) heat reoevery arrahgernent 114, cemerised in certain enihodirnertts, is arranged te extraot heat trorn the tirst seearater 112. Such extraeted heat is carried ih a gas, and the thus heated gas ntay he used as inout into the injection arrangentent 106. "the seoond (ätit) heat reoevery arrangentent 114, the tiow ot extraoted heat and the 'tiow iines tor the heated gas are in the tigures drawn with ihterrnittent iines as to indioate eotiehai features. in ernhedirnents the heated gas trern the second heat reoovery arrangernertt 114 may he used as input te the inieotion arrangernertt 165 and/or into the oaioihatien reaeter tha. in ernhodirnents ot a oaioinatiert reacter with an eiectrio gas eiasnra generator the heated gas rhay ha used as ineut in er at the torrha where it en ene itand ooeis the gas eiasrna, and on the other itand aiso oentrihutes with usetui heat energy. in ernhedirhents the seeerwd heat reeevery arrangerrieht 114 is oohtreiiatiie hy ene er there aetuators, ereteraoiy oouoied to the oohtrei unit 124, with regard te ene er rhere eararrreters sueh as tiew, arrieunt et energy, teiheeratures and eressure.

Erhhedirriehts et the oaioinatieh systern 1Gu oorhprises: a second heat reeevery arrangenteht 114 centigured to extract heat front soiid eerneound, tor exarneie in the terrh ot oaiciurn oxide, et the caicirtatien oreoess eroeuets etitout trerh the eieetricaiiy heated eaieirtation reaoter 1Û8 and seoarateci trent the gas, tor exanteie in the torrn et oarhert dioxide, et the oaioinatien process oroduots, said extraoted heat ieeirtg carried hy a gas and inserted into the injection arrangernent 1 G Ernoedirnehts et the oaioinatien ntethod oonterise extraotirtg, in a seoohd heat reeevery arrangentent 114, heat trern soiid oentoeund, tor exanteie in the torrn ot oaioiurn exide, ot the eaieinatioh process products output trorn the eiectricaiiy heated oaieinatien reaoter m8 and seoarated trent the gas, ter exanteie in the torrn et carbon dioxide, et the oaioinatien process ereeucts, carrying said extracted heat ey a gas and inserting said heat earrying gas into the injection arrahgernent tïttiš f-i shews a heat reeevery' arrangement ter retise et heat in a eaieinatiert system, here exemptitied in a system ter eateiitatien et time med. "the heat reeevery arrangement eernprises an exeander ter expandirtg and eeeting ineeming gas and a heat exchange tuhe arranged in a eetteetien hehper ter gathering heat treated setid materiat, seen as eatetiim extde extraeted trern a system eentigtired ter eaieiiriatten et' time med. Expanded and eeeied gas is tee inte the tuhe and is heated hy the seiid eempeund, in this exampte eateium exide atse eatted etiiek tirne. The heat reeevery arrahgement tiirthei' eemprises a eernpresser ter eernpressing and heating the heated gas, and an intet ter reentering the eenipressed and heated gas inte the system ter eateinatien et time med, wherehyi heat trem the eateinatien preeess is retised.

Emhediments et the heat reeevery arrangernent 114 eernerises an intet rittë ter reeeiytitg tneerning gas trem the system 'ttïitt ter eaieinatien et iirne med. "the tneeming gas is preheated hy exeess heat generated hy the systern titt) ter eatetitatten et time indd. in a system "ttlttš ter eaieiriatten et time rniid, a tet et heat is generated in ctitterent steps et the preeess. Theretere, heat ter preheating the gas ntay he extraeted trern ditterent parts et the system titt). "the heat reeeveiy arrahgement ttffit turther eemprises an expancter 464 ter expancting and eeeting the ineerning preheated gas, and a heat ireeevery tehe 4% arranged in a eentatner »ttltåš eemprising eiiiek time extraeted trem the systern (ttštlt) ter eateinatien et time med. it may he neted that the heat reeetfery ttihe 4% rnay he arranged in any eentatner in the systern ttit) eemprising heated rnateriat. tn ernhedirnents, the expanded and eeeted gas is ied inte the ttihe att) and is heated hy the heat trern the quick iirne in the eentainer. "the heat reeevery arrangemertt 114 tdrttier eernprises a eempresser 412 ter eempresstng and turther heating said heated gas and an euttet 414, ter exampte eernprisiitg a dittuser ter atteviatirig the detynstreaiti ttihes trem exeessive pressure, trern vvhieh the eempressed and turttter heated gas is tee eut and reentered inte the system the ter eatetnatten et time nnid, tfirherehy heat generated trern the eaieiitatien preeess is redsed. “the eeritpressed and turther heated gas received trem the heat reeevery arrangement “ttrt may have a temperature et aheut “tütttt - "iištštt degrees Ceteius, and may he reentered inte ditterent parts et the system the, ter exampte inte the injection arrangement 'itšti er into the rnedia separated heat exehanger tG-f-i, or directiy inte the caicination reactor Steam ooiier Again reterring to FEG 1 and FEG fi, a steam poiiei” 129, present in certain empodiments, is configoreci to extract remaining heat frorn the residoai caicinatiorf process products received front the first heat reeevery arrangement and hetore residnai soiid cornpotinds is separated from gas in a suhseduent second separater 118. in time caiciitation ernpodintents the seiid comoooiwd is caicitinf oxide and gas is carbon dioxide CÛZ. Steam generated in the steam ooiier f2tš is conducted from tne steam hoiier 1 2G, for exampie tor use te support processes in emhodiments ot the caicination systern or for use in other processes in a faeiiity empioyiiwg einhodiiwtents ot the caicination system. in emhodiments, oresstirized steam is generated producing tirocess steam or power. Povver may he produced in power generators for exarnpie in the form ot a ttiroihe. Tne ternperattire of the residuai caicination process products entering the steam oeiied is ter exarnpie in time caicinatien emioodiments tisuaiiy in the range of ßfoü-štifi degrees Ceisios, tvhereas atter having passed the steam oeiier 129, the temperature ot the residoai caicinatien process products may oe for exampie he in the range ot 2529 degrees Ceisios. išmoodiments of the caicinatiert system comprises a steam ooiier 129 contigtired te extract heat from caieiitation process products trom the the preceding heat recovery arrangement and te generate steam. išrnoediments of the caicinatiert method comorise extracting, in a steam ooiier 129, heat trom gas of caicinatien process products from the one er more separaters and generating steam.

Second se airettär The resiotiai caicirfation process products having passeo the 1st heat recovery arrangernent 116 is conducted to a second (End) seoarator tttš centigured to separate residuai caicination process products. For examoie, remaining soiid cempeunds is seoarated from gas. in emhodimeitts the second (2111) separator 118 is a eycione. in ernioodirnents ot the caioination system configured for iirne recovery trom time mud, residuai caicium oxide is further separated frem carhon dioxide C Soiid cernpounds, such as caicium exide in iime caicinatien ernioedirnents, is coiiected in a coiiection hoppar and the turther cieaned gas, such as carpon dioxide C92, is conducted to a tiiter arrangernent 122 via an optionai steam eoiier 12G. tšmoediments et the caicination system 'itšu ccntprises: a second separator 118 contigtiired to receive residuai caiciriation process products output trorn the tirst separator 112 anci *trcnt the tirst heat recevery system 1113, said second separator 118 being contigured to further separate soiici compound, tor exarnpie in the tornt ot caiciunt oxide, trern the gas, ter exarnpie in the torrn et eareori dioxide, et said resiciuai caicirtatien process products. Eittoodirttents ot the caicination method comprise separatirig, in a second separator 118, residuai caicinatien process products received trorri the tirst separator 112 and trorn the tirst heat recovery system 116, such that turther soiid compound, tor exantpie iri the torrn ot caiciurn exide, is separated trem the gas, ter exampie in the torm et carbon dicxicie, et said residuai caiciitation process products.

Fiitef* arrangemeitt The tiiter arrangement 122 is contigured to tiiter the gas eerripoiteitt ot the caicinatien process oreducts to a higher degree ot purity before eeiiectirig, storing andfor using the otitput gas. in time caicination emhodiments the gas contponent ot the caiciriatien process products is carbon diexide C03 in such ernhedirnents, the tiiter arrangemeht 122 tivouid comprise a tiiter adapted to tiiter carbon dioxide Cífiíš. The *tiitered gas coniponertt et the caiciriation process products is conducted to a gas output 124. iftihen the temperature ot the gas has heerr decrease to a iew temperature ot around tor exarripie ätit) degrees tšeisius, textiie tiiters may pe appiied.

The tiiter arrangement 122 is in eitthodirttents centigured to tiiter out possipie dust and such irnpurities stiii present in the gas output trorn the second seearator 118. The tiiter arrangement is seiected to tit te the temperature ieveis et the gas trem said second separator Emhodiments ot the eaicirwatioh system eerriprises a tiiter arrahgernerit 122 centigtired to receive gas ot caicinatien process products, tor exarnpie in the term ot carbon dioxide, tront the one or ntore separators and to tiiter said gas to a higher degree ot purity. Ešmoociiments ot the caicinatiert method cornorises tiiteririg, in a tiiter errengement "E22 ges et eeteinetien ereeess eredticts, ter exemete in the term et eerhert diexide, received trem the ene er mere seeereters, such thet said ges is *tiitered te e higher degree et etirity.

(Ses euteut The ges euteet “E23 is centigeree te reeeive the ges cemeeheht et" the cetcinatien eresess ereduets, ehe is ih ditfereht emhedirnents eentiguree te stere, temeererityf er ter e tenger term, er eenduct the ges te the eeieiitetieh system itseit er te ether systems endler ereeesses. in time eeteirtetien enteedinteitts the ges eehdtieted te the ges etitetit 124 wetiid he cereen diexide COÉ, ehe vveeid in emheciimeitts he reeircuteteei te the eeicirietieh reeeter.

Centret trhit A cerititei tinit We, eehterised ih erheedirherits, is eehtigured te receive senser sighets, te generete eehtrei signets ehe te eemmunicete centret sighets threegtt e eentret eert 128 eenneetee te ene er mere signei tihes 136. The ene er mere signei iines is schemeticeity ihdieeted es ert intermitteht Eine thet is eehheeted te sehsers ehe/er centret eetueters (het sitewh) et different eeihts end eerheehehts et the eeicihetieh system in erder te eentrei vsrietis parameters.

Erneedirttertts ei the eeteinetien syrstertt titt) eerherisihg e centret unit tâß eerrimtiiticetiveiy ceueiee te sensers end cehtrei actueters end cehtigtired te receive senser sighets, te geherete cehtrei sighets end te cemmunicete centret sigheis thretigh e centret eert 128 cerihected te ehe er mere signet tines 13:? ceueied te seid sensers end eentrei eettieters. Emhedimertts et the eeteiatetieh methed eemerises in e eehtrei unit 126 cerrmtunieetivety eeueieci te sensers end centret eetueters, reeeivihg sehser signets, genereting centret sighets end eernmtinicetihg eentret sighets threegtt e eentrei eert 128 eenheeted te ehe er mere sighet iines tâtš ceeeted te seie sehsers end centret eettieters. tn emhedimehts et the eeieihetieh system tttí), the centret tihit is eentigured te centret ehe er mere et: driving ges sueeiy H35 ihte the medie seeereted heet exchenger tee; ihiestien ges seeetyf tät? inte the ihjeetieh errengertteht 196; heeted ges ih the eerticie seeereter 11th; ges pressure in the cstcihetieat chernher 198; ehe/er temeereture in the cetcihetieit chemher 198. Emhedimeitts et' the eeieihetieh method, ftirther pornprises eontroiiing one or more of: driving ges suppiy 1G5 into the media seperated heat exchanger türt; injection gas suppiy (toï) into the injection arrengement too; heated gas in the partioie seperator t to; gas pressure in the caicination chanther 1%; endior temperature in the ceicination chamher The heet reoovery arrangerneht 114 oornprises en intet 462 tor repeiving incoming gas tront the system “EÛÜ for oaicinetien ot iinte rnud. The inceming ges is preheated toy excess heat generated hy the system tot) tor ceicinetion of time mud. The heat reeovery arrangemeht 114 may turther contprise en expahder rt-tšrt- for expending and cooiing the incoming preheeted gas end e heat recoveiy tutoe 4% arrahged ih e container 468 oontprising ouicit iime extracted front the systern fått) for oaioinatien of iime rnud. The expanded end coeied gas is ied into the reoovery tutee fittfi and is heated hy the heat trorn the duiok iirne. The heat reoovery arrengernent 114 ntey further oomprise a contpressor itt 2 for compressing and further heating the preheated ges and ah outtet 414 from which the porripressed and further heated ges is ted out and reenterect into the system titt) for ceicinetion of iirne ntud. Therehy heat generated from the oaioiitation process is reused.

The incoming gas may he carbon dioxide C02 with e temperature ot approximatetyf 29% degrees end e pressure ot approximetety 4 har" (e). The outoorning gas rnay have e temperature of approxintatety mot) - 't Boo degrees and a pressure ot appreximetety 2 har (e).

The heat reeovery errangernent 114 oornprise a ciiftuser 418 erranged to diftuse the outcorning gas trom the outtet 414. Thanks to the ditfuser, the gas is presented vifith e tower pressure out high tentperattiite which provides for a more sefe soiution. The Compressor 412 may he arranged inside a housing 429. The housing 42G proteets adiacent eotiipittent from dangerous hot ges tivith high pressure.

The foregoing disciosure is not intended to iimit the present disciosure to the presise forms or partiotitar fieicis of use dissiosed. tt is contentpieted that various aiternate emhodiments andior ntodificatioits to the present ernpodiments, whether expiioitiy described or irnpiied hereih, ere possihte in the tight ot the disciosure. Accordingiy, the scope ot is defined oniy hy the aocoittpanying patent ctaims.

Claims (1)

on' (-Û. En iniainarsariarfiiiår iiišišfi i aEninaršrigaavaiain iiiiiiš), iiinaízaiizaiïna: ~ en iiiæšakiaršiwiaan iiïšíšv-'šrši anaraiwai aii ia afasi iaivfarsiii ingangarnaiariai, axairççiaixfia kaikaiaiiiii from an iiiafššaaanararan všàrniavfáàxiiira iiiifliš in i an iinšiiiaciara ananïiwa a aii iacia namnaa iarxfarswifia šnggànganwaiariai iiii an injakiai iâišššš; ~ fiärniiaa iiiuiakiai iilšüåf; aiipaaaafi aii iniinaia nšàmiiaa iäivàiiiiaa iiiaiariai i an aiakiiriaiii vfainwa kainšiwairingaiaaißzias' (i íiåšjs; aan ~ an iriuiaiiišaiigaaïišifëraai iiüïi. aiinianaiïš aii išiiiëia gas 'iåšr iiaiianaiï ann inišnariiwg av inganganiaiaršai than š siarnniiakiria aiaiaiai xfarinaa ka šaifiaršngaraakiar üššfi. iiiiakåariariarziningar: iíiiššîn ariišggi demand when iriiakåiariagzassari iiiiïš ifšínfâàrrna i an šniaiviëanagaaiun iíšiíifi aani iaas ganain aan swiaašasanaraiaaa vfainiavëxiaiaiw i “in fine). iniaivtaraswarsiniifigasw iiíiåšš anišgi nagai of kravfan i afiiai* eiar: ~ šniann iilšíiêf; piaaaiaï š an' annranai :aïi kaniniiiiiiaara ianfàrmi šngangsiiiaiaršai from nänwiïaa snaašasanaraiaaa vaniïaväxiara i iii-fi) išii an pairiikaiaaizzaraiissr ii 'iiši »aszii is sanaransiiizai aåi ia arnni aiå aišgiariaa “íššífša eav iërvanifii šngànganwaiariai i aii iiššfia av' injaši iianagas iiišïfi šnakiaraiiciraiiifiaan 'iišiš anii ikiaxf iiišài' fiërniiaa iiiiaiiišniia, aa üïfi _ J , _ . i aii iiiïšsia: aa air: inirifira n-aiiikšai ivfia of šiwiakiiniwagaaiiëaaii. šniaivâaraswarciniiwgan iïišišš aniigi: :wagai av kraxfam i iišii ii, aai' swarnnaa šnjasiaini* iílšišåš :annnïnaa irijšaaiza iiåiiiiiïfša iššrxfàërifiwäiæa årigananisæiariiai i an inrniia iÉi-'iš i aiaiiiriak ašaaswiaganaraiai* iv-'šiišš ana nanmaa aiaiiiriaki xfarnwaa iiain šnariiigssraaaiiiar ii išššš. šniaivâaraswarsiniiwgan iiišišš aniigi: iiiav fiàr :wëfnneia šiïiakiiai iëiššš; anarariaa aii iifigicaia fišàrniiaa iiigaiigsiiiaiariaš i an kaiaiswasringakaiiwnfiara iâïü š fian aiakiišaki xfarrnaa iiaicinariswgaraaiiiarn iiiššš) fi.) :ME š is: ängårrgsrrrrrrrzršrråršåërfie srsrn is rarrïgezrrïšššr š färrháäåšzarrrše æïå gasrräasma fåššciæ sarrrr gærwærrrrrs av ær påasrragærrrærsr (âfišš rr-crs rráàrrrrrršsa rïršækftršsskï všârrrrršæa fmåašnrïrràrrgsrrïrašrïrxr üššfa. šrwgekfzrïrrarrsrrisraârwgerw rfšüíšš ; errššgr krav rršårsrs" ö, ršär rrêàmrrrír: šrwjræšrfzrïrršrršrwrærïr íêüê; arm erå uïšwp rfâïâ) get :wšàsrrrrrfia šrfišæšrïšrsrfiagasïšärwseš pšzanærtarïšæ xfšrrš :arr rrršrrprïr rjëêšíš; from :w ërrrrria xfàrrrrerfäxíare rfšíšrrg.