SE529334C2 - Drying apparatus for particulate matter - Google Patents
Drying apparatus for particulate matterInfo
- Publication number
- SE529334C2 SE529334C2 SE0502560A SE0502560A SE529334C2 SE 529334 C2 SE529334 C2 SE 529334C2 SE 0502560 A SE0502560 A SE 0502560A SE 0502560 A SE0502560 A SE 0502560A SE 529334 C2 SE529334 C2 SE 529334C2
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- container
- air
- drying
- flow
- drying apparatus
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
- F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
- F26B17/1433—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, having internal members or bodies for guiding, mixing or agitating the material, e.g. imposing a zig-zag movement onto the material
- F26B17/1466—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, having internal members or bodies for guiding, mixing or agitating the material, e.g. imposing a zig-zag movement onto the material the members or bodies being in movement
- F26B17/1483—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, having internal members or bodies for guiding, mixing or agitating the material, e.g. imposing a zig-zag movement onto the material the members or bodies being in movement the movement being a rotation around a vertical axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/12—Velocity of flow; Quantity of flow, e.g. by varying fan speed, by modifying cross flow area
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
- F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/14—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the materials or objects to be dried being moved by gravity
- F26B3/16—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the materials or objects to be dried being moved by gravity in a counter-flow of the gas or vapour
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
lO 15 20 25 30 35 2 529 534 Ändamålet uppnås genom uppfinningen. The object is achieved by the invention.
Uppfinningen definieras i det bilagda patentkravet 1.The invention is defined in the appended claim 1.
Utföringsformer av uppfinningen anges i de bilagda osjälv- ständiga patentkraven.Embodiments of the invention are set forth in the appended dependent claims.
Uppfinningen innebär i grunden att anordningen innehåller en torkningskammare i formen av en stående cylinderliknande behål- lare, vars botten är utformad gasgenomsläpplig över väsentligen hela sin area och vilken har en partikelutmatningsöppning som leder till en partikelutmatningsledning. Till behållarens övre del inmatas fuktigt partikelmaterial i ett styrbart flöde. Till undersidan av behållarens botten matas varm torr trycksatt luft som passerar uppåt genom behållarens botten och en partikel- delare som upprätthålles i behållaren. Den avgående fuktiga och kylda luften kan därefter omhändertas med avseende på eventu- ellt nyttigt energiinnehåll (som dock i praktiken är mycket lågt) och/eller för avskiljning av vatten och stoft.The invention basically means that the device contains a drying chamber in the form of a standing cylinder-like container, the bottom of which is designed to be gas-permeable over substantially its entire area and which has a particle discharge opening which leads to a particle discharge line. Moist particle material is fed to the upper part of the container in a controllable flow. To the underside of the bottom of the container, hot dry pressurized air is fed which passes upwards through the bottom of the container and a particle divider which is maintained in the container. The exiting moist and cooled air can then be disposed of with regard to any useful energy content (which, however, in practice is very low) and / or for the separation of water and dust.
Fläkten som producerar den trycksatta luften ges lämpligen driftsbetingelser som innefattar ett väsentligen konstant övertryck relativt atmosfärstryck före inledningen i behålla- ren. Härigenom kan en fläkt av förhållandevis enkelt utförande och med relativt låg kostnad användas Ett sådant väsentligen, konstant tryck uppnås genom att behållaren förses med en om- rörare som omrör partikelmaterialet i partikelmaterialpelaren, och genom att partikelinmatningen till behållaren regleras för upprätthållande av ett väsentligen konstant tryck på fläktens utgångssida (partikelbäddens undersida).The fan that produces the pressurized air is suitably given operating conditions which include a substantially constant overpressure relative to atmospheric pressure before the introduction into the container. In this way a fan of relatively simple design and at a relatively low cost can be used. Such a substantially, constant pressure is achieved by providing the container with a stirrer which agitates the particulate material in the particulate material column, and by regulating the particle feed to the container to maintain a substantially constant pressure. on the outlet side of the fan (underside of the particle bed).
Omrörandet kan innefatta ett med behållaren koaxiellt rota- tionsskaft. Skaftet är lämpligen försett med allmänt radiella vingar, som är fördelade i skaftets axialriktning. Ringarna kan ha formen av lameller, som eventuellt är snedställda mot rota- tionsplanet. Alternativt kan vingarna ha formen av V-profiler, vars konkava sida är efterlöpande i vingens rörelseriktning.The stirring may comprise a rotary shaft coaxial with the container. The shaft is suitably provided with generally radial wings, which are distributed in the axial direction of the shaft. The rings may be in the form of slats, which may be inclined towards the plane of rotation. Alternatively, the wings may be in the form of V-profiles, the concave side of which is continuous in the direction of movement of the wing.
Vingarna eller armarna kan bilda en valbar vinkel mot axel- 10 15 20 25 30 35 3 529 354 skaftets riktning och kan sålunda vara vinkelräta mot skaftet eller bilda en annan vinkel mot skaftet. Armarna/vingarna är företrädesvis inbördes väsentligen parallella och företrädesvis även anordnade på ungefär lika inbördes avstånd längs skaft- axeln. Behållarens gasgenomsläppliga botten kan i praktiska utföringsformer vara bildad av en gasgenomsläpplig dukvara.The wings or arms may form an selectable angle to the direction of the shaft and thus may be perpendicular to the shaft or form another angle to the shaft. The arms / wings are preferably mutually substantially parallel and preferably also arranged at approximately equal mutual distances along the shaft axis. The gas-permeable bottom of the container can in practical embodiments be formed of a gas-permeable fabric.
Exempelvis kan bottnen bestå av tre eller fyra på varandra“ lagda viradukstycken.For example, the bottom may consist of three or four superimposed pieces of wire cloth.
Behållarens botten har lämpligen en central öppning för uttag- ning av förtorkat material. Utmatningsledninqen som ansluter till denna öppning kan utmynna i,en cellslussmatare som är drivbar med konstant varvtal och har inbördes lika i omkretsled åtskilda celler, så att ett jämnt med varvtalet_styrbart flöde, av förtorkade partiklar kan utmatas exempelvis till en trans- portör, med vilken partikelflödet transporteras exempelvis till ett slutet torkningssteg för materialet eller till ett mellan- lager.The bottom of the container preferably has a central opening for removing pre-dried material. The discharge line connecting to this opening can open into a cell lock feeder which is drivable at a constant speed and has mutually equally spaced cells, so that an evenly controlled speed flow of dried particles can be discharged, for example, to a conveyor with which the particle flow transported, for example, to a closed drying stage for the material or to an intermediate storage.
En fördel med uppfinningen är att partikelmaterialet torkas i ren motström och att partikelbädden blir långtgående homogen så att luftflödet fördelas likformigt över hela tvärsnittet och så att luftmotstàndet genom bädden blir likformigt över behålla- rens tvärsnittsarea. Sluttorkningsstegets avgående kylda rökgas och i slutsteget avdriven vattenånga har i samband med exempel- vis sågspânstorkning en temperatur av ca 80°C, varför den torra luften som utnyttjas i förtorkningsapparaten kan värmas till en motsvarande temperatur av +70-80°C.An advantage of the invention is that the particulate material is dried in pure countercurrent and that the particle bed becomes largely homogeneous so that the air flow is distributed uniformly over the entire cross section and so that the air resistance through the bed becomes uniform over the cross-sectional area of the container. The final cooled flue gas of the final drying stage and water vapor driven off in the final stage have a temperature of approx. 80 ° C in connection with, for example, sawdust drying, so that the dry air used in the pre-dryer can be heated to a corresponding temperature of + 70-80 ° C.
Tack vare motströmstorkningen med luft av relativt låg tempe- ratur, exempelvis +70°C, uppnås fördelen att cellulosamaterial, exempelvis sågspån, utsättes för förtorkningsluftens maximala, temperaturer under en relativt kort tid, då partikelmaterialet närmar sig behållarens botten. Detta förhållande innebär att huvuddelen av partikelmaterialet i behållaren utsättes för torkningsluft av lägre temperaturer, så att risken för avdriv- ning av terpener och liknande ämnen från sågspån eller dylikt blir låg. I praktiken innebär detta att frånluften från behål- 10 15 20 25 30 35 4 529 334 laren/förtorkningssteget inte kräver rening med avseende på terpener och dylikt.Thanks to the countercurrent drying with air of relatively low temperature, for example + 70 ° C, the advantage is achieved that cellulosic material, for example sawdust, is exposed to the maximum temperatures of the pre-drying air for a relatively short time, as the particulate material approaches the bottom of the container. This condition means that the main part of the particulate material in the container is exposed to drying air of lower temperatures, so that the risk of evaporation of terpenes and similar substances from sawdust or the like becomes low. In practice, this means that the exhaust air from the container / pre-drying step does not require purification with respect to terpenes and the like.
Torkningsapparaten i vilken det förtorkade materialet underkas- tas ett andra torkningssteg, kan ha i sig konventionell upp- byggnad. Exempelvis kan, i fallet med att materialet består av sågspån, flis, bark, partiklar och dylikt, varm gas, exempelvis förbränningsgas produceras i en ugn/panna, i vilken man lämpli- gen såsom bränsle inför och förbränner träavfall, varvid rök- gasen leds genom en torkningsanordning såsom mantelkammare i en roterande rörtork med i huvudsak horisontell axel. Sågspån som initialt har en fukthalt av omkring 55% kan i förtorken torkas till ca 40% och kan sedan i det efterföljande torkningssteget torkas till ca 10%, så att högvärdiga bränslepellets kan kom- pakteras av det torkade sågspånet. Den avgående kylda rökgasen från sluttorkningssteget kan såsom nämnts värma förtorknings- luften till ca 70 eller 809C innan den leds via en saltspärr~ till skorsten; En saltspärr kan bestå av ett vått elfilter eller någon annan känd anordning med motsvarande funktion. - Fig. 1 visar schematiskt en tvåstegs torkningsanordning, Fig. 2 visar en föredragen utföringsform av en torknings- apparat.som kan användas som torkningssteg i anord- ningen enligt fig. 1.The drying apparatus in which the pre-dried material is subjected to a second drying step may have a conventional structure. For example, in the case where the material consists of sawdust, wood chips, bark, particles and the like, hot gas, for example combustion gas, can be produced in a furnace / boiler, in which one conveniently feeds and burns wood waste, whereby the flue gas is led through a drying device such as a jacket chamber in a rotary tube dryer with a substantially horizontal axis. Sawdust that initially has a moisture content of about 55% can be dried in the pre-dryer to about 40% and can then in the subsequent drying step be dried to about 10%, so that high-quality fuel pellets can be compacted by the dried sawdust. The effluent cooled flue gas from the final drying step can, as mentioned, heat the pre-drying air to about 70 or 809C before it is led via a salt barrier to the chimney; A salt barrier can consist of a wet electric filter or some other known device with a corresponding function. Fig. 1 schematically shows a two-stage drying device, Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a drying apparatus which can be used as a drying step in the device according to Fig. 1.
På fig. 1 visas schematiskt en torkningsanläggning för sågspån, innefattande en panna 1, från vilken rökgas bortledes via en ledning 2 till och genom en sekundär torkningsanordning 3, från vilken avgående rökgas och avdriven ånga ledes via en ledning 4 till en kondensor 5 och vidare till en saltspärr 6 och slutli- gen till en skorsten 7.Fig. 1 schematically shows a drying plant for sawdust, comprising a boiler 1, from which flue gas is diverted via a line 2 to and through a secondary drying device 3, from which departing flue gas and evaporated steam are led via a line 4 to a condenser 5 and further to a salt barrier 6 and finally to a chimney 7.
Kondensorn 5 visas innehålla en värmeväxlare 51 tillhörande en cirkulationskrets 8, vilken även innehåller en ytterligare värmeväxlare 52 och en värmeväxlare 53, som medger nyttig- görande av överskottsvärme från kretsen. Kretsen 8 med värme- 10 15 20 25 30 35 s i 529 334 växlarna 51, 52, 53 innehåller lämpligen en vätska såsom vatten såsom värmetransportfluid.The condenser 5 is shown to contain a heat exchanger 51 belonging to a circulation circuit 8, which also contains an additional heat exchanger 52 and a heat exchanger 53, which allows utilization of excess heat from the circuit. The circuit 8 with heat exchangers in the 529 334 switches 51, 52, 53 suitably contains a liquid such as water as a heat transport fluid.
Med batteriet 52 produceras ett varmluftsflöde som utnyttjas för att i en förtorkningsapparat 9 förtorka det aktuella mate- rialet som i exemplet kan antas vara sågspån eller dylikt. En ström 10 av materialet leds först genom förtorkningsapparaten och sedan genom sluttorkningsapparaten 3.With the battery 52, a hot air flow is produced which is used to pre-dry in a pre-dryer 9 the relevant material which in the example can be assumed to be sawdust or the like. A stream 10 of the material is passed first through the pre-dryer and then through the final dryer 3.
Av fig. l framgår även att en shuntledning 31 med en återfö- ringsfläkt 32 är anordnad parallell med det sekundära tork- ningssteget 3 för recirkulation av rökgasen till det sekundära torkningsaggregatets ingángssida, när så erfordras.It can also be seen from Fig. 1 that a shunt line 31 with a return fan 32 is arranged parallel to the secondary drying stage 3 for recirculating the flue gas to the inlet side of the secondary drying unit, when required.
Bildat kondensat i kondensorn 5 kan avledas på konventionellt sätt vid en låg temperatur till omgivningen, eventuellt efter rening och värmeâtervinning.Formed condensate in the condenser 5 can be diverted in a conventional manner at a low temperature to the environment, possibly after purification and heat recovery.
Av fig. 2 kan man utläsa att förtorkningsapparaten 9 innefattar en cylindrisk behållare 20 med vertikalt orienterad axel. Till behållarens 20 övre parti ansluter en påfyllningsficka 21. Be- hållarens botten visas rotationssymmetrisk relativt behållare- axeln och är bildad av en gasgenomsläpplig struktur, som erbju- der gasgenomströmning likformigt över väsentligen hela sin area. Bottnen 22 har öppningar som är mindre än diametern för ett partikelformigt material, exempelvis sågspån, som emottas i behållaren 20. Sågspånsmaterialet inmatas i fickan 21 ovanför behàllarens 20 övre del via en transportskruv 24, varvid trans- portskruven har en matningsskruv med en tillhörande skruvmotor 25, som är reglerbar med avseende på matningsflöde, exempelvis genom att vara varvtalsreglerbar.From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the pre-drying apparatus 9 comprises a cylindrical container 20 with a vertically oriented shaft. Connected to the upper part of the container 20 is a filling pocket 21. The bottom of the container is shown rotationally symmetrically relative to the container shaft and is formed by a gas-permeable structure which offers gas flow uniformly over substantially its entire area. The bottom 22 has openings smaller than the diameter of a particulate material, for example sawdust, which is received in the container 20. The sawdust material is fed into the pocket 21 above the upper part of the container 20 via a transport screw 24, the transport screw having a feed screw with an associated screw motor 25 , which is adjustable with respect to feed flow, for example by being speed adjustable.
En rörledning 34 har sin ena ände ansluten runt omkretsen av bottnen 22, och har sin andra ände ansluten till ett utlopp 35 från en fläkt 36. Fläktens inlopp 37 ansluter till ett luft-V värmningsbatteri 38 som innehåller värmeväxlaren 52 och till- föres torr luft. 10 15 20 25 30 35 e 529 334 I behållaren 20 finns ett vertikalt och koaxiellt axelskaft 60 som sträcket sig ned till i närheten av bottnen 22. Skaftets 60 övre ände är via en växellåda ansluten till en rotationsdriv- ningsmotor 62. Axelskaftet 60 bär allmänt radiellt utskjutande armar 63, vilka frambringar en omrörning av partikelmassan som är emottagen i behållaren 20 och sträcker sig från bottnen 22 upp till en övre nivå 66 i närheten av fickan 21, men under skruvtransportörens 24 utmatningsände.A pipeline 34 has one end connected around the circumference of the bottom 22, and has its other end connected to an outlet 35 from a fan 36. The fan inlet 37 connects to an air-V heating coil 38 which contains the heat exchanger 52 and is supplied with dry air . In the container 20 there is a vertical and coaxial shaft shaft 60 which extends down to near the bottom 22. The upper end of the shaft 60 is connected via a gearbox to a rotary drive motor 62. The shaft shaft 60 generally carries radially projecting arms 63, which produce a stirring of the particulate mass received in the container 20 and extending from the bottom 22 up to an upper level 66 near the pocket 21, but below the discharge end of the screw conveyor 24.
Ett allmänt vertikalt orienterat rör 70 ansluter med sin övre ände 71 till ett centralt parti av bottnen 22. Ledningen 70 har en mycket mindre diameter än behållaren 20 och sträcker Sig in genom bottnen 22 för att kunna utleda partiklar från behålla- 3 rens 20 bottenområde. Vid undre änden av rörledningen 70, som sträcker sig ut genom luftledningens 34 vägg, finns en cell-H matare 75 anordnad. Cellmataren är av i sig konventionell kon- struktion och roterar med ett konstant, valt varvtal för att. erbjuda utmatning av ett motsvarande konstant partikelflöde till en schematiskt illustrerad.transportör 77, med vilken det förtorkade partikelmaterialet (sàgspànet) kan införas i den sekundära torkningsapparaten 3.A generally vertically oriented tube 70 connects with its upper end 71 to a central portion of the bottom 22. The conduit 70 has a much smaller diameter than the container 20 and extends through the bottom 22 to be able to discharge particles from the bottom area of the container 20. At the lower end of the pipeline 70, which extends through the wall of the overhead line 34, a cell-H feeder 75 is provided. The cell feeder is of a conventional construction in itself and rotates at a constant, selected speed to. provide output of a corresponding constant particle flow to a schematically illustrated conveyor 77, with which the pre-dried particulate material (sawdust) can be introduced into the secondary drying apparatus 3.
I rörledningen 34 finns vidare en trycksensor 80 som är anord- nad att styra transportskruven 24 på sådant sätt att trycket på fläktens 36 utsida hàlles vid ett i förväg valt övertryck under drift. I Omröraren 60, 62, 63 homogeniserar partikelmassan i behållaren 20 och erbjuder därigenom ett vertikalt uppàtriktad luftgenom- flöde som erfar väsentligen lika strömningsmotstånd i alla punkter på den av bottnen 22 avgränsade arean. Härigenom er- bjuds.möjligheten att uPprätthålla ett inställt lufttryck på fläktens 36 utgångssida 35 med hjälp av trycksensorn 80 genom att trycksensorn 80 får styra skruvens 24 motor 25, så att höjden av partikelmassapelaren i behållaren 20 minskar då det_ med sensorn 80 avkända trycket ökar, och vice versa. I en - anläggning enligt fig. 1 där pannan 1 eldas med bränsle, exem- pelvis bark, cellulosaavfall, etc, genomföres torkningen i 10 15 20 25 30 35 v 529 354 apparaten 3 så att man i kondensorn 5 kan producera ett utflöde med en temperatur av exempelvis 80°C, så att den torra luften som inledes i luftbatteriet 38 kan ges en sluttemperatur av exempelvis ca 70°C, Ett fuktigt sågspånsmaterial som kan ha en fukthalt av in emot 55%, varvid fukten även kan inkludera is och annan ytfukt på partiklarna, kan torkas i förtorknings- apparaten 9 till en fukthalt av ca 40% innan det förtorkade materialet 10 inleds i sluttorken 3. Materialflöde som lämnar den sekundära torken 3 kan ha en fukthalt av ca 10%, varigenom materialet/sàgspånet direkt kan formas till bränslepellets.In the pipeline 34 there is furthermore a pressure sensor 80 which is arranged to control the transport screw 24 in such a way that the pressure on the outside of the fan 36 is maintained at a preselected overpressure during operation. In the stirrer 60, 62, 63, the particulate mass in the container 20 homogenizes, thereby offering a vertically upward airflow which experiences substantially equal flow resistance at all points on the area defined by the bottom 22. This offers the possibility of maintaining a set air pressure on the outlet side 35 of the fan 36 by means of the pressure sensor 80 by allowing the pressure sensor 80 to control the motor 25 of the screw 24, so that the height of the particulate mass column in the container 20 decreases as the pressure sensed by the sensor 80 increases. And vice versa. In a plant according to Fig. 1 where the boiler 1 is fired with fuel, for example bark, cellulose waste, etc., the drying is carried out in the apparatus 3 so that in the condenser 5 one can produce an effluent with a temperature of, for example, 80 ° C, so that the dry air introduced into the air battery 38 can be given a final temperature of, for example, about 70 ° C. A moist sawdust material which may have a moisture content of up to 55%, the moisture may also include ice and other surface moisture on the particles, can be dried in the pre-dryer 9 to a moisture content of about 40% before the pre-dried material 10 begins in the final dryer 3. Material flow leaving the secondary dryer 3 can have a moisture content of about 10%, whereby the material / sawdust can directly formed into fuel pellets.
I förtorkningssteget 9 kommer enbart partikelskiktet närmast bottnen 22 att exponeras för den maximala lufttemperaturen- (70°C) under en mycket kort tidsperiod innan partikelmaterialet utleds. Förtorkningsluften avkyls då den passerar uppåt från bottnen 22. I förtorkningssteget 9 enligt uppfinningen upp-_ kommer ingen väsentlig avdrivning av terpener och dylikt från ett sågspånsmaterial, varför den avgående luften som utströmmar exem-pelvis via fickan 12 inte nödvändigtvis behöver renas innan den utsläppes i miljön.In the pre-drying step 9, only the particle layer closest to the bottom 22 will be exposed to the maximum air temperature (70 ° C) for a very short period of time before the particulate material is discharged. The pre-drying air cools as it passes upwards from the bottom 22. In the pre-drying step 9 according to the invention no significant evaporation of terpenes and the like arises from a sawdust material, the environment.
I behållarens 20 gasgenomsläppliga botten 22 som också bär materialet i behållaren, kan ett praktiskt utförande bestå av ett eller flera skikt av viraduk av den typ som används i papperstillverkningsmaskiner.In the gas-permeable bottom 22 of the container 20, which also carries the material in the container, a practical embodiment may consist of one or more layers of wire cloth of the type used in papermaking machines.
Behållaren 20 kan även upptill, vid en nivå ovanför materialets normala nivå 66, exempelvis i övergångsområdet mellan behålla- ren 20 och fickan 21, ha en ringformig gasgenomsläpplig ring- skiva 67, som också kan bestå av ett eller flera skikt av vira- duk. Ringskivans 67 öppning genomsläpper material från fickan, medan ringskivan i övrigt bildar en barriär som hindrar det av omröraren 60, 63 behandlade materialet från att kastas upp i fickan 21 och även bidrar-till en avjämning av överytan av materialpelaren i behållaren 20. Det inses att transportörens 24 utlopp kan mynna genom öppningen i ringskivan 67. 8 529 354 Även bottenskivan 22 är ringformig för att i sin centrumöppning genomsläppa torkat material till rörledningen 70.The container 20 may also at the top, at a level above the normal level 66 of the material, for example in the transition area between the container 20 and the pocket 21, have an annular gas-permeable annular disc 67, which may also consist of one or more layers of wire cloth. The opening of the annulus 67 permeates material from the pocket, while the annulus otherwise forms a barrier which prevents the material treated by the stirrer 60, 63 from being thrown up into the pocket 21 and also contributes to a smoothing of the upper surface of the material column in the container 20. It will be appreciated that the outlet of the conveyor 24 can open through the opening in the annular plate 67. The bottom plate 22 is also annular for passing dried material to the pipeline 70 in its center opening.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0502560A SE529334C2 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Drying apparatus for particulate matter |
| PCT/SE2006/001267 WO2007061352A1 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2006-11-08 | An apparatus for drying of material in particle form |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0502560A SE529334C2 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Drying apparatus for particulate matter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE0502560L SE0502560L (en) | 2007-05-24 |
| SE529334C2 true SE529334C2 (en) | 2007-07-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0502560A SE529334C2 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Drying apparatus for particulate matter |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| SE (1) | SE529334C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007061352A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI122117B (en) | 2008-05-21 | 2011-08-31 | Ccm Power Oy | Process for drying organic piece-like material and dryer |
| US9260308B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2016-02-16 | Graphene Technologies, Inc. | Nanomaterials and process for making the same |
| WO2014026194A1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | High Temperature Physics, Llc | System and process for functionalizing graphene |
| CN103256788A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-21 | 黄山市白岳活性白土有限公司 | Activated clay drying method |
| JP6023665B2 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2016-11-09 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Method and apparatus for producing solid fuel |
| NL2021457B1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-20 | Fhp Beheer B V | Method and device for biological drying |
| CN112240698A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-01-19 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Continuous drying device is used in microbial fertilizer production |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5019994A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-05-28 | Universal Dynamics Corporation | Method and apparatus for drying articles in a continuous feed process |
| DE10051526B4 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2004-02-19 | Azo Gmbh & Co. | Plant for drying free-flowing bulk goods |
| DE10352106B4 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2016-12-15 | Roderich W. Gräff | Method for controlling the gas throughput of bulk materials |
-
2005
- 2005-11-23 SE SE0502560A patent/SE529334C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2006
- 2006-11-08 WO PCT/SE2006/001267 patent/WO2007061352A1/en active Application Filing
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| WO2007061352A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
| SE0502560L (en) | 2007-05-24 |
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