SE524553C2 - Rust cleaning device and furnace for combustion of solid fuels in pourable, piecemeal form - Google Patents

Abstract

A grid cleaning system for a solid fuel fired boiler, e.g. for burning pelleted fuel from replaceable sources, has a comb shaped scraper fitted under the grid with the teeth of the scraper set between the grid bars. The scraper is mounted on a horizontal bar (63) which is positioned through the front of boiler via holes and which is pushed to and fro manually to clean the grid. Removed clinker and ash drops into an ash tray (66) from where it is periodically dropped into an ash bin (16) via a trap door.

Description

»Uu-u 10 15 20 25 30 35 fi TI FJ 4: 5 'LW Un' "Brenntopf"), a device for conducting the hot combustion gases along the heat transfer surfaces surrounding the combustion chamber at least largely around the combustion chamber, as well as a device which preferably comprises in particular a fan or the like for sucking in or extracting the combustion gases.

Reference is also made, for example, to AT-B-4 Oll 01 and DE-Ul-298 02 563, both of which have such furnaces / boilers for the treatment of pourable / water-dripping solids, their combustion chambers having a fireplace or combustion bowl ( ty. "Brennschale") with rust is at least partially surrounded by a convection room, which is flowed through by the room air to be heated.

EP-A2-915 289 describes a burner or furnace driven by pellet fuel, the hot combustion gases of which are used for heating a steam boiler or hot water heater or for drying purposes. The fireplace in this oven has a rod rust, which can be freed from ash residues and ash crust formation by means of a maneuvering rod forward and reciprocating rust cleaning cam which has continuous, in the direction of and along the rust rods, plate-like cleaning teeth extending.

The control of the cam car takes place by means of linear guide recesses arranged on both sides of the lower end of the fireplace, in which guide projections of the cam car corresponding to these and laterally projecting are controllable by sliding movement.

Although the cleaning comb described therein and shown in the drawing itself has a completely robust embodiment, its main disadvantage is that combustion residues can be stored or stored or clamped on and between those formed in a plate-like manner, so to speak at a distance. from each other and next to each other stacked cleaning teeth and stacked above the rust level ... due to their nevertheless large longitudinal extension parallel to the rust rods, so that the cleaning comb itself then, if possible, must subjected to a paving stone removal or the like. The sliding guide arranged there with the sliding guide projections on the side flanks of the cam car in the sliding guide recesses under the fireplace placed on both sides is also sensitive to disturbances due to contamination by ash particles due to their arrangement under the grate.

The object underlying the invention is to provide a grate cleaning device for furnaces, stoves, burners, water heaters or the like for combustion of solid, one-piece combustibles, which is not associated with the above-described disadvantages and by means of which the grate rods in the fireplace if possible can be freed over its entire length from there attaching / adhering combustion residues, crust formations or the like and this in a disturbance-free manner for as long a service life as possible.

The object of the present invention is therefore a cleaning device for incinerators for ovens, stoves, burners, water heaters or the like for incineration of pourable, piecemeal and preferably pelletized, solid combustible materials, in particular wood pellets, wherein the existing furnace or similar furnace has a fireplace combustible by supplied combustion air or the like in a combustion chamber (ie "combustion chamber"), which fireplace is, if applicable, equipable with the combustible material by means of an automatic feeding device, and where the cleaning device comprises a forward and rearward displaceable bar rust cleaning comb having its cleaning teeth in the spaces between the rust rods of the grate, it being provided that the rust cleaning device arranged preferably in the direction of the combustion grate in the direction of the combustion grate is designed with a transverse direction and movable along the rod rods. 20 5 30 35 524 553 4 preferably perpendicular to the direction of extension of the rust rods, extending, panel-like rust cleaning comb with its cleaning teeth penetrating / sliding through the spaces between the rust rods, and that the rust cleaning comb, which is preferably formed with cleaning teeth having equal lengths, have one, preferably located in the middle, extending from them and projecting through a corresponding opening or the like in a fireplace / flame protection part arranged under the fireplace (ie. this opening is slidably mounted, in the direction of "Schürze") or the like, preferably towards the front side of the furnace or through the combustion chamber or the front wall of the furnace or similarly extending operating rod and has on both sides thereof, preferably at equal distances from each other , at least one, in a sliding displacement opening or the like arranged therefor in the so-called stove part or the like, slidably displaceably mounted and sliding guide rod penetrating through the rust cleaning cam.

In this new rust cleaning device, which quite purposefully has practically no or only a small length extension in the direction of the rust rods due to the necessary mechanical strength, a contamination or crusting / stoning of the cleaning comb cannot occur due to the the fireplace arranged above the ridge the coming ash remains.

In addition, in the new "transverse extension or device" for the rust cleaning comb, the bases or bottoms of the cleaning tooth gaps can be designed as far as possible in accordance with the cross-sectional contour of the rust rods on their underside, so that - provided an exact displacement control between the tooth gap base and the flanks of the cleaning teeth and rust rods protruding therefrom - which are periodically cleaned of adhering ash residues - during operating conditions. In addition to this, the advantage is given of a particularly simple construction of the new rust cleaning annulus, which can be obtained, for example, by a simple cut-out from a plate.

As for the very recently described accuracy of the displacement control for the rust cleaning cam, the same is guaranteed by arranging at least two slide guide rods on both sides of the in the middle also, the slide displaceable cam actuating rod. between these arranged, preferably exact, This device also excludes inclined or oblique positions of the rust cleaning comb. By arranging sliding control openings in the stove part or similar obliquely under the fireplace at a distance downwards in relation to it, the additional advantage is given that the important components for a disturbance-free and precise function of the new rust cleaning comb are in practice only marginal / low heat load when they are also far enough away from the combustion process.

Claim 2 states that it is preferred if the fireplace with at least its lower part which has the rust - which lower part comprises the adjoining walls and the combustion rust - is surrounded by an ash collecting chamber, the one facing the furnace and in the said chamber of the rust cleaning chamber the side wall forms the “stove part” and through which the displacement control rods and sliding guide rods slide.

According to an advantageous embodiment, a type of trap door can be arranged in the bottom of this rust bag chamber through which, at its opening, the rust bag collected in the said chamber and coming out of the rust and the combustion residues removed from the grate by means of the rust cleaning chamber during its cleaning. or the like may fall into an ash container arranged below.

At the same time, it should be noted in this section that the direction of extension of the rust rods is not limited to one that runs from the back to the front of the oven or the like, but that they can of course also be arranged in a direction from right to left 10 15 20 25 30 35 and in a "transverse" direction for the rust rods with all the consequent consequences regarding the position and displacement movement of the rust cleaning cam and its maneuvering and sliding guide rods.

The achievable and precise sliding displacement control for the new rust cleaning comb with at the same time extremely low disturbance sensitivity is promoted by an advantageous embodiment according to claim 3, in which the built-in and longitudinal sliding guide sleeves for the sliding guide rods and the front guide rods are arranged. - the cleaning comb. The slide guide sleeves or bearings are preferably made of a heat-resistant material. As far as any lubricant is concerned, it is an advantage when it is also heat-resistant, as is the case, for example, with lubricants based on graphite or molybdenum sulphide.

As regards the just mentioned slide guide rods for the new rust cleaning comb, in practice a circular cross-section for the same has been found to be particularly suitable, as appears from claim 4.

The same applies to the cam actuating rod, which - as stated in claim 5 - in the desired manner, instead of using actuating elements, such as a grip, a ring or the like, can be displaceably maneuverable by means of automatically and periodically connectable drive devices.

Within the scope of the invention, an embodiment of the new rust cleaning device according to claim 6 is preferred, from which an area / range suitable for the operability of the rust cleaning comb for the cutting height of the cleaning teeth above the top of the rust is apparent.

Thus, in addition to the cleaning of the rust rods, the advantage of removing the looser combustion ash from the rust is also achieved, which ash prevents the flow of combustion air to the combustible material. 10 15 20 25 30 35 r fi hå 4> (fl LH LM 7 In order to promote efficient cleaning, it is advantageous, as stated in claim 7, when the shape of the bases of the cleaning tooth gaps approaches as much as possible or is equal to the cross-sectional shape of the rust rods of the fireplace.

It is thus favorable to largely take into account the thermal expansion of the materials in the grate and the rust cleaning comb in a form apparent from claim 8, so that the necessary play between the teeth and the rods is guaranteed at operating temperature.

To achieve a particularly effective removal of crusts / slag or the like on the rust rods, a sharp-edged design of the cleaning teeth themselves and the bases in the spaces between the cleaning teeth according to claim 9 is advantageous, whereby a particularly long service life / service life can be achieved by hardening these edges. and, where applicable, all the teeth or areas on the tooth side of the rust cleaning comb.

It has not least been achieved - see also claim 10 - a further significant invention by means of a furnace, stove, burner, water heater or the like, the construction of which is also always arranged to burn solid, individual combustible material goods and is equipped with a rust cleaning device in the above described the basic form or in one of the preferred embodiments described above.

With the aid of the drawings, the invention is explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of an oven equipped with the new rust cleaning device, Fig. 2 shows a front view of the inside of the same oven with the device according to the invention, Fig. 3 shows the fireplace with the new rust cleaning device from the side in a partial view in section Fig. 4 shows a front view of a fireplace with the new rust cleaning device obliquely above it, Fig. 5 shows an oblique view of the fireplace with the rust cleaning comb 10 15 20 25 30 35 CV ßâ $> LW (N LJ 8 and Fig. 6 shows a view obliquely from above of the new rust cleaning device.

The furnace 100 shown in Fig. 1 as an example comprises - all compactly arranged and surrounded by a casing 1 or the like - a container 3 arranged on the back for receiving the individual, combustible materials 2, in particular wood pellets, which container has an obliquely inclined wall 11 which promotes the lowering of the piece-piece, combustible materials 2, in particular wood pellets or the like, and in which container a feed screw 35 is arranged for transporting the wood pellets 2 in an obliquely downwardly and finally sliding manner into the combustion chamber 4. pellet chute 34. The chute 34 is used for the continuous insertion of the wood pellets 2 into the fireplace / incinerator 5 adapted for combustion with its downward direction, for example funnel-like walls 51 extending obliquely towards each other with air supply openings 511 and those in the direction from the rear B to the front F extending parallel to each other rust rods 52.

In the direction from the rear B, the ignition sleeves 41 open into the combustion chamber 4 for igniting the pellets 2 in the fireplace 5. Next to the fireplace 5 is seen from Fig. 1 a lamella 431 of a screen grate 43 for the small ash parts sinking out of the combustion chamber 4.

The rear wall 44 in the combustion chamber 4 is here clad with refractory bricks or tiles 441. The boundary wall 45 in the combustion chamber 4 located on the upper side is arranged as a relatively steep, obliquely overhanging roof. The rear wall 44, the sloping wall 45 on the side walls 445 placed on the upper side and the upper part of the front wall 46 in the combustion chamber 4 above the combustion chamber door 47 which closes / closes the combustion chamber 4 in the forward direction form here, in the as an example, the furnace showed contact surfaces for the transfer of the heat energy in the hot combustion gases HG to the water, which as a heating medium VM is located in the surrounding the aforementioned walls of the combustion P3 J; LN Un 0% nu ..- 9 ningsrumrum 4 surrounding the heat exchanger 48. In an analogous way, a convection room for air can of course also be arranged there.

At a distance from the oblique upper boundary wall 45 in the combustion chamber 4, a parallel deflection plate 49 is arranged by means of which the combustion air FL supplied to the combustion chamber below the fireplace 5 via the air supply 5 or the ascending combustion gas in the combustion chamber 4 rises. if sharp / sharp and in a downward direction along the oblique, on the upper side placed heat transfer wall 45, a fan 15 being responsible for the necessary air flow by suction action.

Finally, the rust cleaning device 6 for cleaning the rods 52 of the grate in the fireplace 5 is shown, although it is not depicted in the best possible way in Fig. 1, its rust cleaning comb 61, for example of steel plate with a thickness in the range of 5 mm, extends in the direction of the gaze. Fig. 1 also shows how one of its teeth 62 is located, so to speak, "behind" a rust rod 52 and rises / rises a bit above it. The rust cleaning cam 61 is actuated by means of a control rod 63 sliding from the direction perpendicular to the front side F of the furnace 1, which, for example by means of an influentially operable grip, ring 68 or the like or a mechanical drive device can provide the periodic the forward and rearward displacement of the cam 61.

In the same way as the guide rods 64, 64 ', not visible from Fig. 1, in front of the front rod F and outwards, the guide rod 63 is slidably mounted in a slide guide sleeve 67 in the sliding guide sleeve 67 in the arranged in front of the fireplace 5 the side wall or the fireplace part 66 of the rust ash collecting chamber 660. Below the fireplace 5 or the combustion chamber 4 a mobile ash container 16 is arranged for receiving the combustion ash FA sinking from the combustion chamber 4 into the furnace 1. The bottom of the rust box receiving chamber 660 just mentioned can be advantageously equipped with a type of trap door through which the rust bag collected therein can be introduced into the ash container 16 below.

Fig. 2 shows - with otherwise unchanged reference numerals - a front view of the interior of the furnace 1 already described above and more specifically the refractory lining 441 on the rear wall 44 of the combustion chamber 4, which is penetrated by the gutter 34 for supplying the piece-by-piece, combustible goods 2, the fireplace 5 arranged below it with its side air supply openings 511 and the round rods 52 of the grate 520 in the downwardly tapering lower part of the fireplace 5. In the ash chamber 660 the supply of the combustion air further opens , the lower part of which is visible.

Fig. 2 further shows the panel-like, flat rust cleaning cam 61, whose cleaning teeth 62 protrude through the spaces between the rust rods 52, as well as the man rod 63 for the reciprocating displacement of the rust cleaning cam 61 and its two sliding guide rods 64, 64 '. The rust rods 52 pass through the gaps 621 between the teeth 62 and terminate in the downward direction with semicircular tooth spacer bases and bases 622, respectively.

Under the grate 520 and enclosing it, the above-mentioned ash chamber 660 is arranged for receiving the rust bag, in which ash chamber also the rust cleaning device 6 and its comb 61 are located.

Fig. 3 shows - with otherwise unchanged reference numerals - the new rust cleaning device 6 and the fireplace 5 with the rust rods 52 as well as the cleaning cam 61 extending in the direction of the view with its cleaning teeth 62 projecting over the rust rods 52.

The figure further shows a screw connection between the cam 61 and its actuating rod 63 with the actuating ring 68, which like the actuating rod 63 is mounted in a sliding guide sleeve 67, which extends through it on the LT. ßJ ¿> Lñ Cu U fl ll the front placed the stove part 66 of the surrounding roasting chamber 660 around the fireplace 5.

The oblique view from above according to Fig. 4 shows - with otherwise unchanged reference numerals - the air supply openings 511 in the oblique downwardly and towards each other walls in the fireplace 5 and further the extent of the rust rods 52 as well as only rather barely discernible, upper free ends on the cleaning teeth 62 of the rust cleaning comb 61. On both sides of the fireplace 5, screen toasters 53 with slats 531 are always arranged for the ash descending from the combustion chamber.

The important components of the rust cleaning device just described in Fig. 4 - with unchanged reference numerals - appear more clearly from Fig. 5, which shows a view through the viewing window 471 in the combustion chamber door 47 over the fireplace 5 with the rust rods 52 and those arranged on the underside thereof. rust cleaning cam 61 pushing cleaning teeth 62.

Fig. 6 shows - with otherwise unchanged designations - a view from above into the combustion chamber 4 and into the rust ash chamber 660, respectively, the fireplace with the rod rust being removed, so that in this way there is a clear view of the rust cleaning comb 61 with its approximately rectangular cross-sections arranged, sharp-edged teeth 62 and the bases 622 in the tooth gaps 621, which are semicircular in shape corresponding to the circular cross-sections of the rust rods.

To move the cam 61 for the rust cleaning process, the middle of the three rods 63, 64, 64 'projecting perpendicularly from the base itself are used, namely the control rods 63, while the two of these rods arranged to the right and left are the important sliding guide rods. 64, 64 'for precise reaction / forced movement control_ All three rods just mentioned are slide guide mounted in - not visible here - slide guide sleeves and extend inside these sleeves through the front part of the stove 66 in the rust box chamber 660. The control rod 63 The actuating cam 61 carries a maneuvering ring 68 at its end projecting from the front wall 46 of the furnace 100. By means of it or after the attachment of a hook / hook, for example a fire fork / furnace rake, the control rod 63 and with it the rust cleaning cam 61 is pushed back and forth to clean the rust.

Finally, Fig. 6 further shows the already mentioned ignition sleeve 41 for the ignition of the pelleted combustible material in the fireplace.

Claims (10)

10 15 20 25 30 35 ("'| PJ -i ~> LH (F) LN l3 PATENTKRAV 1. Cleaning device for combustion roasters for furnaces, stoves, burners, water heaters or the like for the combustion of pourable / aqueous, piecemeal and preferably pelleted, solid combustible materials, in particular wood pellets, the existing furnace or the like having a pre-combustion air supply flowable fireplace or the like in a combustion chamber, which fireplace is, if applicable, fittable with the combustible material by means of an automatic feeding device, and the cleaning device comprises a rust cleaning comb movable back and forth in the direction of the rust rods having their cleaning teeth in the spaces between the rust rods of the grate in an incinerator bowl (ie "Feuerungstopf"), characterized in that the grate cleaning device (6) arranged preferably in the direction of the combustion grate (520), which is preferably tapered towards the combustion grate (5), is formed with a the rust rods (52) movable, with their cleaning gs teeth (62) projecting through the gaps (621) between the rust rods (52), and in the transverse direction, preferably perpendicular to the direction of extension of the rust rods (52) extending, panel-like rust cleaning cam (61), and that the rust cleaning comb (61), preferably formed with cleaning teeth (62) which are of equal lengths relative to each other, have a, preferably located in the middle, extending from and extending through a corresponding passage opening or the like in a chimney part (66) or the like arranged below the fireplace (5) or the like, preferably in this opening is slidably mounted, in particular in the direction of the front side (F) of the furnace or through the combustion chamber or the front wall (46) of the furnace or similarly extending actuating rod (63) and has on both sides of this actuating rod (63), preferably at equal distances from the same, at least one, in a sliding displacement opening arranged therefor 10 15 20 25 30 35 14 or the like in said stove part (66) or smiles similar, slidably mounted and through the rust cleaning comb (61) (64, 64 '). sliding slide guide rod Rust cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rust cleaning chamber (61) is arranged inside a rust collecting chamber (660) which surrounds the fireplace (5) or its lower part with the combustion grate (520) and is movable back and forth inside the same. , the wall (66) of which - in particular facing the front side (F) - forms the chimney part (66), and that its bottom is preferably equipped with a closing means, in particular a trap door, for emptying the rust box and others from the rust (520), preferably in a remnant arranged below, by means of the rust cleaning comb (61), ash container (16). Rust cleaning device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sliding displacement 64 ') of or the like are preferably designed with heat-resistant, in the openings of the sliding guide rods (64), the rust cleaning cam (61) in the stove part (66), in particular with heat-resistant lubrication. fitted slide guide sleeves (67). Rust cleaning device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, the bars having a round cross-section (64). that the slide guide to the rust cleaning cam (61) has a circular Rust cleaning device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized by a substantially circular cross-section arranged control rod in that it is maneuverable with the front (63) of the rust cleaning cam (61) by moving it back and forth by means of an operating mechanism; Ring ring (68) or by means of a preferably periodically switchable displacement device (68). Rust cleaning device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the free ends of the rust cleaning teeth (62) of the rust cleaning comb (61) rise above the upper side of the combustion grate (520) or above the upper maximum for the contour of the rust rods (52) in a length which is between 0.5 and 1.5 times as long as their diameter, preferably in a length which approximately corresponds to their diameter. Rust cleaning device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the bases (622) of the gaps (621) between the rust cleaning teeth (62) have a semicircular shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the rust rods (52). Rust cleaning device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the distance between the bases (622) of the rust cleaning tooth gaps (621) and the same and from the sides of the rust rod (52) surrounded by the raised teeth (62) at ambient temperature is greater than the sum of the linear expansion of the materials in the rust rod (52) and the cleaning cam (61) at the operating temperature of the rust (520). Rust cleaning device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized by roughly rectangular or square cross-sections in that they have pre-equipped rust cleaning teeth (62), the preferably flat, free ends as well as bases (622) of the cleaning tooth spaces (621). ) are designed with sharp, in preferred cases extra / additional hardened edges. Ifïi F'7 .U H .. .... n LJ ai ¿: Es ~ 3 ~ 3: :::::. 5; . : I "16 Furnaces, stoves, burners, water heaters or the like for the combustion of durable / watery, piecemeal and in particular pelleted fuel goods, characterized in that they are equipped with a rust cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.