SE510101C2 - Procedure and plant for dividing logs into smaller pieces of wood - Google Patents

Abstract

A first sawing station (6) has at least four first circular saw blades, which are located pairwise in common, counterpoised parallel planes. They produce four first saw cuts in the tree trunk. A second sawing station (7) has at least four other circular saw blades, which are located pairwise in common, counterpoised parallel planes, and are orientated at an angle of 90 to the planes of the saw blades of the first sawing station. The second circular saw blades have the task of cutting at least four second saw cuts in the tree trunk, separating four laths (10). The first sawing station has a total of eight circular saw blades, as does the second sawing station. In each case, four blades have a larger diameter than the remainder.

Description

10 15 20 25 30 35 rtw * 'f 510101 2 the generally round log cross section along the maximum length of stock, but also that the inevitable residues or by-products chips and wood chips are used for economic gain rewarding way. Just the extraction of chips in connection with the shaping of blocks before or in connection with the actual division into dor is of great importance for the sawmills' overall economy. If the the excess wood material next to the sawn boards or the planks can be obtained in the form of for the pulp industry table chips (which should have a length of about 25 mm or more) can this sold at a comparatively high sale price. Therefore, if Acceptable chips in the total amount of chips recovered is large ernàs a good pecuniary supplement. In the reverse case, it drops the price and the pecuniary exchange drastically, since low-value chips must be disposed of for incineration purposes and the like. In this context may be pointed out that the amount of chips from the entire bark the stock amounts to the order of 40-50% (ie the yield of parallelepiped pieces of wood are in the range of 50-60%).

In other words, the chips make up a considerable proportion of the entire wood product.

Another important factor for a good economic return is the quality of the sawn finished products. Boards and planks of good quality is classified in quality classes that ensure high sales prices see, while inferior grades result in lower prices. To the raw material inherent degrading properties, such as blinds, twig wealth and the like, the sawmill owner can do nothing. Where- there are opportunities to influence such quality reductions damage that may occur in connection with the handling of the logs in the work. Thus, if the mechanical equipment in the sawmill satisfactorily, such quality reductions can be avoided phenomena such as twigs and other surface irregularities, edges and the like.

Of course, the throughput capacity of the machine equipment importance of the total economy. The more logs that bear grazed per unit of time, the greater the profit.

In view of the above, block forming techniques in particular has been increasingly refined. In order to make separate edging unnecessary (eg of the type shown in SE 7904517-5) and thus save not only plant and building volumes but also intermediate 10 15 20 25 30 35 510 1_o1 transports between different processing stations have thus developed block-forming methods and machines by means of which side boards are extracted from opposite sides of the core part of the block at the same time as the residual wood material, ie the peripheral portions of the stock that cannot be integrated into parallelepipedal pieces, are formed into chips directly in the block forming station.

Examples of machines of this kind are described in SE 7906747-6 and SE 7906788-0. Of these patents, the latter describes said a plant which in addition to at least a few conventional reducer discs include at least two pairs of cutters by means of which four vane edges in the corners of a four-sided block can be machined.

The reducer discs are used to plan it in the usual way arriving round log on opposite sides to form one blocks, which, with the exception of square edges in four corners, are essentially parallelepipedic. These reducer discs cut away the excess wood material in the form of chips. With the help of the four the cutters mill the corner material adjacent to the van edges away - also during the formation of chips of the wood material. With with the help of these corner-placed cutters, side boards are delimited which are later separated from the core part of the block by saw cuts such as achieved with the help of circular saw blades. According to one of Figs the patent shown design can be on each of the blocks four sides, two such side boards are extracted, one of which is an interior slightly wider than an exterior. In this embodiment, it is used circular log cross section in a very efficient way.

In the block forming process known from SE 7906788-0 however, there is an obvious risk of twig blight in the material material processed by the relatively poor and powerful cutters of the cutters milling or chopping steel. Thus, twig blows can occur in them surfaces in the block which are later machined by means of a circular saw.

The twig type in the surface of the wood can sometimes have a depth of 5 mm or more. At the subsequent sawing in connection with the separation of the side boards is admittedly removed about 1.5-3 mm of the previously milled surface section on the core portion of the block, but not forty more or less deep craters remain in the sawn surface in the block in that the twig type can often be significant deeper than the blade felling. Another disadvantage of the procedure according to the said writing is that the corner cutters by their function, unlike the reducer discs, gives a chip with a large W U 20 25 35 510 101 years * proportion of low-value chips. The economic return of the chip that obtained from the vane portions of the block will therefore be poor.

SE 7906747-6 describes a block forming machine with four corner cutters which are combined with an integrated circular saw blade.

The purpose of this integrated circular saw blade is to make one of the two surfaces at right angles to each other in a corner recess shall obtain saw cut quality. The idea is also that the other surface in the same recess shall be finally obtained saw cut quality using the circular saw blades used to separate the side board in question. For the reasons stated above, however, the latter surface is not always smooth in practice in that craters after deep twig strokes may occur. In practice In addition, the cutter cannot be operated at the same high speed. speech as a simple, independent circular saw blade, which is why the quality of the sawn surface in a corner recess becomes mediocre.

In order to solve the surface roughness problems in connection with the machines according to SE 7906747-6 and SE 7906788-O has by SE 8700607-8 proposed to carry out the milling of a corner recess adjacent to a vane on the block in two steps using two different types of milling tools, namely a first milling tool having an integrated blade whose diameter is larger than the effective diameter of the cutter or chopper, while the second milling tool has an integrated saw blade whose diameter is smaller than the effective diameter of the chisel. In a first step saws the blade of the first tool one saw cut into one depth which determines the thickness of the side board to be later separated, leaving an unprocessed batch of material outside periphery of the milling tool. This remaining portion of material is removed ~ in a second step using the second milling tool, at the saw blade of this second milling tool is intended to impart surface saw cut quality. However, an unsawn material remains lot which is removed only in connection with the separation of the the board.

Nor is this problem-solving solution satisfactory. to the extent that the removed excess material is chipped with by means of cutters which, by their function, give poor chip quality, ie the proportion of low-value chips becomes large. To this contributes in high degree also the fact that the individual vankantpart in a corner on the block is processed in two different steps in which two smaller sub- 10 U 20 25 35 510 101 tier in the wood material are removed one after the other. Ju the smaller these wood lots, the worse the conditions to be able to extract large chips from the material, ie acceptance chips.

Furthermore, in this case, too, the integrated saw blades in the two milling or chopping tools work with other than comparative sevis low speed.

HE .. E 1 .: The present invention aims at eliminating the above mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and create an improvement block forming process. A basic purpose of the invention is thus to create a process by means of both the surfaces of the individual corner recesses formed in connection to corner-located vankanter on a block obtains large surface roughness without any crater-caused craters. One at the same time the aim is to ensure an optimal financial replacement of the wood material that is removed from the corner recesses, more precisely in such a way that recovered chips must contain a maximum proportion of acceptance chips. Another object of the invention is to enable it in and of itself in a mechanically simple way known the removal of two side boards on each side of the block.

According to the invention, at least the basic object is achieved. by means of the features set out in the characterizing part of claim 1. drawing part.

In a second aspect, the invention also relates to a plant for the implementation of the procedure. The features of the inventive according to the plant is stated in claims 4-7.

I J. I J. V 1 .I ä 3 1 DE 953 915 previously discloses a mobile sawing device which in itself comprises one of two angular circular saws blade assembly that can be used to saw angular straight cut into logs. However, the scripture does not contain any instruction in the direction that the device could be used in a stationary block forming machine nor any information on that two cooperating saws could be used for the purpose to delimit a side board. Nevertheless, the scripture contains some information that split ribs could be chipped in a separate steps as prescribed by the present invention. 10 15 20 25 30 35 510101 6 U.S. Pat. No. 4,015,648 discloses a block forming device with two adjustable chopping boards that delimit a side board between two corner recesses before separating the sideboard by means of a circular kelságklinga. In this case, however, the material in the corner recesses in the form of chips.

DE 834 448 discloses a folding machine with two winches set circular saw blades. In this case, however, one is sawn solid strip out of an already sawn piece of wood, namely a frame piece, and no chipping is carried out at all. Not nor is there any removal of side boards.

K 1 1 .V. V 1 .: 3 _.

The drawings are: Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a plant according to the invention, Figures 2-8 are schematic cross-sections illustrating different procedures. steps in connection with the processing of a log to the stage when two side boards are separated from a core block, and Fig. 9 is a similar schematic cross-section showing an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a plant comprising an i in its entirety with 1 designated block forming machine, and one with 2 designated wood chipper. The block forming machine 1 includes per two along the machining line for a log 3 axially separated reducer stations 4, 5 for plane machining in an initial stage the incoming log along four sides. In the example shown each station in a known manner includes two opposite, separate ones reducer discs or units 4 ', 4 "and 5', 5" with conical shape, which on their conical surface are equipped with chisels (not shown) and which at their narrow ends are most suitably provided with a tooth wreath which, among other things, has the task of granting the grazed the surfaces of the log as smoothly as possible. In practice these reducer discs may be made in the manner described in SE 9304091-3. In this context, it should be pointed out that it is also possible to create four flat sides on the log using only a pair of reducer discs, the log after a first W U 20 25 35 510101 passage between the discs is rotated 90 ° before passing a second walk.

The plant shown also includes two axially separate sawmills 6 and 7, respectively, of which the former includes four horizontally oriented saw blades 6 ', 6 ", 6" 5 6 "", while the second station 7 includes four vertically oriented saws blades 7 ', 7 ", 7" 5 7'W. The blades 6 ', 6 "are located in one common horizontal plane parallel to, although level term separated from a common lower for the blades 6 "2 6'W horizontal plane. The blades 6 'and 6 "' are advantageously common drivable about a vertical geometry axis 8 in the same way as the blades 6 "and 6'W are jointly rotatable about a vertical axis 8 '. In an analogous manner, the vertical blades 7 ', 7 "are located in a common, vertical plane separated from and parallel with a common vertical plane for the two blades 7 "5 7 '"'. The both upper blades 7 ', 7 "' are advantageously jointly rotatable around a horizontal geometry axis 9, while the two lower blade the 7 ", 7'm are rotatable together about a lower horizontal geometry axis 9 '.

Since the initially fed log 3 passed the four stations 4, 5, 6 and 7 form a block denoted by 3 '.

From this block ribs 10 are separated in a manner described below.

After the ribs 10 have been separated, the block also passes a third sawing station ll illustrated in the example by two band saws ll ', ll ". 12, 12 '. nat 13.

To complete the description of the facility provided When the block 3 'passes the station 11, two side boards are separated Left between the band saws is then left a core block denoted shown in Fig. 1 it should be pointed out that the chipping machine 2 can be of any known or arbitrary type. The machine includes per in the example a feed opening 14 in which the ribs 10 can fed in to chip by means of an internal machining The chips discharged from the machine can be further transported by means of a suitable conveyor 16.

Reference is now made to Figures 2-8 which schematically illustrate them different processing steps to which log 3 is subjected during application of the process according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows the log 3 ha ideal circular cross-sectional shape although natural trees rarely W U 20 25 30 35 510101 8 or never leaves logs with absolute circular cross-sectional form. From this log the two segment-shaped wood materials are removed. 17 ' 4 “plan the log while leaving two l8 '. the material portions 19, 19 'while leaving equally opposite, the rial portions 17, in the first reducing station 4, both of which reducer discs 4 ', opposite, parallel side surfaces 18, in the station 5 are removed flat and mutually parallel surfaces or sides 20, 20 '. As as can be clearly seen from Fig. 4 is left between adjacent plane surfaces 18, 20, 18 ', play in four separate corners. These vane portions 21 cannot be be included with the planed block that is usually brought to 20 'vane portions 21 of more or less pronounced size the main sawmill station of the sawmill (not shown) in which the block is divided in multiple boards or planks. It is the processing station 6, 7 to remove the vane portions 21 by (see Fig. 7), which delimit the wood l2 '. shape corner recesses 22 parts which are finally separated as side boards 12, The design of the corner recesses 22 takes place according to the invention. using only the saw blades at stations 6, 7. I In practice, these blades are comparatively thin and fast rotating. edge. They can thus have a thickness or tooth tip width within range 3-4 mm and work at a speed within the range 3000-3500 rpm; which, depending on the blade diameter, gives a peripheral speed heat of about 50 m / s. In other words, the blades in question are in good condition to saw comparatively thin cuts at high speed.

When the log passes the station 6, the blades 6 ', 6 "saw 6 '", 6" "from the side into groove-shaped saw cuts which leave the horizontal tella saw cut surfaces designated 23 in Fig. 6. When the log or the block then reaches the downstream station 7 produces the vertical blades 7 ', 7 ", 7" U 7' "'in analog groove-shaped saw cuts 24, which, however, are vertically tade. Because the lower periphery of the upper blades 7 ', 7 "' is located at the level of the approximately 3 mm thick horizontal sections that provided by the blades 6 'and 6 "and the lower blades 7" and the 7 "" upper periphery is located at the level of the horizontal speech sections provided by the blades 6 "5 6 '"' separate the four ribs as in Fig. 6 are denoted 10. In practice, these ribs 10 have a highly variable shape. At approximately evenly thick logs become even the ribs are about the same thickness. In the case of logs with a pronounced con- The site will of course be the part of the ribs that is located closest 10 15 20 25 30 35 ï-'Ü 51o1o1 the coarse end of the log thickest, after which the individual bar narrows of in the direction of its opposite end. Under all circumstances however, each individual rib has a maximum volume within it geometric range determined by, on the one hand, the two surfaces 23, 24 and, on the other hand, the round, irregular vane surface. In other words, all the wood material that is left out for the two at 90 ° angled saw cuts 23, 24 in the individual rib separated from the block. Because the saw blades are only thin, only a minimal proportion of wood material is consumed in in the form of sawdust, meaning that a very large proportion of each van edge portion that cannot be used for emergency production from the block itself follows in the bar. Therefore, when the bar is processed taken in the chipper 2 maximum amounts can be recovered acceptflis.

As previously pointed out, the side boards 12, 12 'are separated only after the ribs 10 have been removed. More specifically, the separation of the side boards in the third sawing station ll, e.g. using band saws (circular saws can also be used). except of the surfaces 20, 20 ', the final result is thus delimited the core block 13 of saw cut surfaces 25, 25 'provided by the saws in the sawmill 11.

Fig. 9 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which each saw station 6 and 7 respectively contains twice as many saw blades as in the embodiment according to Fig. 1, i.e. eight instead of four. IN the horizontal sawing station 6 thus includes four blades 6a a first diameter for defining a first, outer side board 12a, and four additional blades 6b with a larger diameter than the blades 6a for delimiting a second, inner side board 12b. On by analogy, the vertical sawing station includes four jigsaw blades 7a with comparatively large diameter, partly four blades 7b with smaller diameter. Each outer vertical blade 7a with large diameter cooperates with a horizontal blade 6a with small diameter for designing a delimiting corner recess the outer side board 12a. Each inner vertical saw blade 7b with small diameter interacts with an angled, horizontal blade 6b with a large diameter for forming a corner recess in closure to the individual inner sideboard 12b. It is a given that all the blades 7a, 7b in the vertical sawing station are in direction separated from the horizontal blades 6a, 6b. 10 15 20 25 30 35 510101 .V IU It is also conceivable to axially separate the blades in each unit. separate station (ie the blades 6a are separated axially from the blades 6b as well as the blades 7a from the blades 7b) to enable posting or variable setting of the blades in and for creation of blocks with different profile shapes.

I "1] 3.E.]. E..

The invention is not limited only to those described and the designs shown in the drawings. Thus, it needs to be extracted the core block is not necessarily divided into individual boards but can be delivered in existing condition. It's even conceivable to deliver the blocks as such for sale after they have been designed with corner recesses, ie with the profile shape shown in Fig. 7, for later processing elsewhere than in the inventive unit the facility. Another possibility is that from the flattened the log first separates two or more side boards without mainly edge-work these, after which it with two flat surfaces the shaped block is rotated 90 ° before the corner recesses are formed, more particularly in accordance with the method according to the invention. the. This alternative approach is particularly preferred in connection with the processing of crooked logs, which in a first steps are arranged with the hook plane vertically oriented and either only planed on its sides or sawn during separation of two unedged side boards before the corner recesses according to the finding was achieved. It is also possible to in one and the same sawing line after removal of two side boards in the sawing station 11 extract two more side boards then the block after passage of the station ll rotated 90 °. Fig. 1 shows the horizontally oriented saw blades 6 ', 6 ", 6" 2 6' "'placed in front of or current the blades 7 ', 7 ", 7" 57' "'which are vertically oriented. The reverse placement is also conceivable, ie with the horizontal ones the blades located downstream of the vertical ones. It must also be pointed out that the reducing discs in the blocking machines of the block forming machine can be replaced by other means, such as rotatable blades or bandsàgar.

Claims (7)

10 U 20 25 35 510101 A method of dividing logs into smaller, substantially parallelepiped pieces of wood, such as boards and / or planks, wherein the log - by being fed axially through a stationary plant - is formed into a four-plane, pairwise parallel sides (18, 18 '; 20, 20') having blocks (3 '), which are provided with at least four corner recesses (22) extending along the block and located between adjacent plan sides, which have the task of delimiting side boards (12, 12') and which are individually delimited. of at least one pair at an angle, in particular straight 24), the wood material removed from the corner recesses (22) is processed into chips, the recess (22) is effected by means of two surfaces (23 oriented at the feed angle of the log towards each other), from the fact that the individual corner alignment separates circular saw blades (6 ', 7 "ü 6", 7'; 6 "2 7'W; 6" ", 7"), which are rotatable at high speeds and set at an angle to each other to say two flat, angled sections (23, 24 ) with a fine surface which together divides a rib (10) from the block (13 '), and that said rib (10) is conveyed to a chipping machine (22) in which it is chopped into chips in a separate step. to Method according to claim 1, characterized in that of the two angularly cut saw cuts (23, 24) for each corner recess (22), a substantially horizontal cut (23) is first sawn by causing the block to first pass a horizontal blade, (24) step by then passing the block while sawing a substantially vertical section in a subsequent blade, separated from the horizontal blade, standing blade to finally separate the rib (10). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in a first step at least four first saws (23) are sawn by bringing the block to pass at least four 6 III, in common planes which are parallel to each other, and that in a section of first saw blades (6, 6 ", 6" "U which are in pairs located subsequent steps are sawn at least four second saw cuts (24) by passing the block at least four other saw blades, which saw blades, which are in pairs located in common planes which are parallel to each other and oriented at a 90 ° angle to the planes in which the first blades are oriented. Plant for dividing logs into smaller, substantially parallelepiped pieces of timber, such as boards and / or planar (1) arranged, when the log passes the machine, to form a four planar, pairwise parallel sides (18, 18 '; 20, (3 '), means for forming four corner recesses (22) extending along the block and between adjacent planar sides, which have the task of delimiting side boards and which are separately cut-offs, comprising a stationary block-forming machine 20') having blocks of at least one pair of angles, in particular right angles to each other, oriented surfaces (23, 24), the wood material removed from the corner recesses into chips, coming from the individual corner recess (22) and means for marking therefrom, as means for producing two circular saw blades separated in the feed direction of the log and rotatable at high speeds (6 ', 7 "U 6", 7'; 6 "2 7" "; 6" ", 7"), are set in angle for sawing two flat, angled s rivet (23, from the block to the chip is constituted by a chip chopping machine (2) said saw blades from the block separated by the ribs (10) are advanced as separate bodies for chopping into chips therein. which 24) have a fine surface which together divides a rib (10) (3 '), and that the means for processing the wood material to which they are of n n e t e c k n a d thereof, that Plant according to claim 4, k comprises a horizontal blade (6 ') of the two angled saw cuts in a first sawing station (6) for sawing a first (23) (23, 24) for each corner recess and that in a second saw station (7) located axially separated from and downstream of the first saw station (6) includes a second vertical blade (7 "Û for sawing the vertical saw section (24) during final separation of the bar (10). Plant according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a first saw station (6) comprises at least four first saw blades (6 ', 6 ", 6" 2 6' "Û which are located in pairs in common planes which are parallel to each other and has the task of sawing four first saw cuts (23) in the log, and that in a second saw station (7) at least four other saw blades (7II 7u '' 7HII jun) are included, planes which are parallel to each other and oriented at a 90 ° angle to which are located in pairs in common the planes in which the blades of the first saw station (6) are oriented, the second saw blades having the task of sawing at least four other saw cuts (24) in the log while separating four ribs (10). Plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the first saw station (6) comprises eight saw blades, four of which have a larger diameter than other blades in the station, and that the second saw station (7) comprises eight saw blades, four of which have larger diameter than the other four blades in the same station, the blades in the different stations interacting in pairs in such a way that a small diameter blade in one station cooperates with a large diameter blade in the other station and vice versa.