SE427717B - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING FEED FOR IDISTERS - Google Patents

Description

The present invention has for its object to remedy the above-mentioned disadvantages. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a new method for producing straw from a feed intended for ruminants, whose digestibility and feed values are considerably higher than in previously produced straw feeds.The circumstances characteristic of the invention have been stated in the main requirement.

The invention is based on research work carried out, in that it has been found on the basis of animal studies and experiments carried out in connection therewith that the addition of oxidizing agents and oxidation catalysts in connection with the semi-dry alkali hydrolysis process reduces the lignin content of the product obtained and for - improves its usability. It has been found in experiments that more volatile fatty acids (carboxylic acids having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) are released in the ruminant's rumen when used as feed of feed prepared by the oxidizing, semi-dry hydrolysis according to the invention than in the case of using feed which has been produced only. by alkali hydrolysis or only by semi-dry hydrolysis.

Feed which has been prepared according to the process can be added to feed concentrate e.g. up to 45%. The best digestibility is reached around about 35%, and at this level, according to the process treated wheat straw gives the ruminants digestible energy up to and including 90% of the amount that barley gives.

Studies have further shown that the addition of a nitrogen source, such as urea, e.g. 0.5 - 5%, suitably 1 - 3%, to raw materials containing lignocellulose during such semi-dry alkaline oxidizing hydrolysis improves the digestibility of the product. In addition, the addition of urea feeds the feed values of the feed.pâ:: nmt1dkm ä fi i.

The invention is based on alkaline hydrolysis of a substance containing lignocellulose, which according to the invention is carried out in the presence of an oxidizing catalyst and semi-dry, ie. at 10 - 20% moisture content. Furthermore, the process essentially involves a strong mechanical shredding in the mixing phase of the mixture to be formed, whereby the cells of the raw material are broken down and alkali gains access to act on the lignocellulose effectively - hydrolyzing. Surprising in the process is in particular the fact that the oxidation catalyst acts efficiently even under the semi-dry conditions in question. ._......_....._..-.._..__..__.._...._. .__.-._..___._ _.._ r _, _ ..._, _,.-.___... ._ _ 780960045 3 The material containing lignocellulose used in the process can be e.g. . straw, hay, etc. The raw material is suitably used in the dry state, ie. with the usual moisture content 8 - 12%. usually about 10%. Before the treatment, the raw material is comminuted e.g. by cutting into chops with a maximum length of 0.1 - 5 cm and possibly grinding into flour. If necessary, the finely divided raw material is sieved.

The oxidation catalyst used in the process may be any physiologically tolerated catalyst known per se, e.g. copper, iron, manganese, cobalt, nitrate, chromium, nickel, vandin and / or permanganate, such as copper sulphate, potassium permanganate, potassium bichromate, potassium nitrate and / or sodium sulphate; in addition, nickel or vanadium oxide can be added to the reaction mixture. The amount of catalyst added is 0.5 - 5%, suitably 1 - 3%, calculated on the amount of straw.

The amount of sodium hydroxide used in the process is 1 - 10%, suitably 2 - 8%, advantageously about 5% calculated on the amount of straw. The sodium hydroxide is added to the raw material suitably at a concentration higher than 30%, advantageously higher than 50%, such as in the dry state.

To the raw material containing lignocellulose is added with the oxidation catalyst and the sodium hydroxide and / or in addition to these moisture 10 - 20%, the amount of lignocellulose containing raw material and of dry matter in the whole mixture being 60%, suitably above 70%, advantageously above 75% or above 80% or above 85% and below 90%; the amount of water in the mixture is correspondingly less than 30 and advantageously less than 25%, below 20%, or below 15%, or below 12% and above 10%, respectively.

The reaction between the lignocellulose containing the raw material, the oxidation catalyst and the sodium hydroxide, i.e. the hydrolysis, carried out e.g. in a separate vessel after mixing the blanks, usually takes 2 - 120 min, preferably 10 - 90 min, or 20 - 60 min, advantageously about 20 - 30 min. The reaction temperature is mandatory so - 1oo ° c or 40 - so ° c.

The mechanical treatment of the raw materials and additives, the grating, is suitably carried out with a customary granulation press which is usually used in connection with the production of feed, the mixture '. v ° h is fed into a cylinder space, 1 whose vd fl äar b ° rr “1“ 9ar ar .7809600-5 is designed. Furthermore, the grinding and granulation of the mixture is carried out by means of so-called collars, ie. with the cylinder space parallel, substantially cylindrical granulating means, by pressing and turning them strongly against the inner surface of the cylinder space. The treatment is carried out at a temperature of 60 ~ 120 ° C, suitably 80 ~ 100 ° C. When grating the mixture in question in the granulating apparatus, the instantaneous pressure acting on the raw material varies from zero to several tens, t.o.m. hundreds of overpressure. In this case, the cell tissues of the raw material are broken down extremely efficiently and the hydrolysis can take place quickly. The treatment time can vary from a few tens of seconds up to a few tens of minutes, e.g. within the intervals 0.5 - 10 min, suitably 1 - 5 min.

The invention is described in the following in detail with the aid of exemplary embodiments.

Example gel l 880 parts ground or chopped straw (chop length 0.1 - 5 cm) is mixed in a flour mixer with 20 parts oxidizing mixture consisting of 1 - 5 parts CuSO4.5H2O, 1 - 5 parts KMn04, 5 - 10 parts KN03 and - 10 parts anhydrous Na 2 SO 4. In the same mixer, a suitable liquid addition method of 100 parts of HaOH solution (30-270% by weight) is added to the boom. When the mixture is homogeneous (2 - 20 minutes depending on the mixer type), it is transferred to a granulation press of the normal type used in feed production, either provided with steam or not. The product will thus remain for a few minutes at a temperature of 80-100 °. Depending on the latter use, as well as after the comminution of the initially chopped straw chopping, the final product can be granulated into grains with a diameter of 5 - 20 mm. After the grains have been cooled in a conventional device, they contain e.g. 10 - 16% moisture. Due to the use of the grains in compound feed, they can still be ground in an ordinary hammer mill.

The final product can be combined into compound feed for ruminants up to 45% depending on the type of formula and purpose. You can also take as a starting point a mixture with 800 - 850 parts straw and 30 - 70 parts urea.

Instead of grain straw and replacing it, you can also use other products containing lignocellulose, such as rice husks, fruit waste (grapes, tomatoes, olives), coffee meat, cabbage, palm, sawdust, hay of poor quality etc.

The oxidation catalyst may be of any known type, e.g. copper, iron, manganese or cobalt salts. Prior to rubbing, an oxidant such as nitrate or permanganate can also be added.

In the case of potassium permanganate, the latter acts at the same time as both oxidant and oxidation catalyst.

Example 2 1) When compared with regard to the usable energy value of cattle and sheep of ordinary straw, straw which has undergone the oxidizing hydrolyte treatment and grains of intermediate quality, the following values are obtained: Ordinary straw 1300 calories Treated straw 2600 calories (intermediate quality 3000 calories 2) The transformation that takes place in the rumen. The release of volatile acids, the indicator_for the degradability of cellulose, gives the following values 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours: after the feed has been ingested: 1 h 2 h 4 h 8 h ordinary straw 100 1oo 100 'loo Hydrolyzed straw, no oxidation 170 ll7 106 102 Hydrolyzed straw, oxidised 213 143 134 l27 3) As regards the growth of bovine animals, the daily weight gains achieved were between 300 - 370 kg live weight, as well as the efficiency of the feed (ingested feed / weight gain) during this period as follows: Daily Feeding weight gain efficiency Ordinary straw (35% of the feed) 1045 6.80 Oxidized hydrolysed straw (35% of the portion) 1293 5.37 Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was carried out using the following catalysts: -7809600-5 6 a) 1 - s aeiar cuso4.sn _, _ o l - 5 "Kr-1no4 - 10" Knoz 5fl- 10 "Na2SO4 b) l - 3 parts CuS04 1 - 3" Knano4 1 - 3 "Kzcrzo., 0,5 - 1" V-oxider (VZO5) 1-2 "Ni2O3 (mixture of mono- and dioxide) - 10" KNO 1-2-2 "Co2O3 (mixture of mono- and dioxide) - 10" Na2SO4 c) 5- 2 parts CuSO 4 l - 5 "11141104 J. _ 3 C: 0,5" 1 V2O5 2 - '3' i 131203 l. _ 2 n CO2Û3 »S - 10 ¶ = KNO3 - 10" raazso4 The mixture had a moisture content at 10 ~ 12%. The reaction phase was carried out at a temperature above 60 ° C for 40 minutes. The grains that came out of the granulator had a temperature of approx. 85 ° C. The pH of the reaction mixture was above 7. The digestibility of the products corresponded to the digestibility of the oxidized product in Example 2.

Example 4 Wheat straw, ground in a hammer mill, was treated as follows: l) with 4% sodium hydroxide, at abs. moisture content 10 - 12%, the product was granulated immediately after mixing, no catalyst 2) as in point 1), using catalyst and reaction time 3) as in point 2), but moisture content: 27%.

The improvement in the digestibility of the dry matter and the organic substance (in%) was determined for the products produced and O) for untreated straw according to a modified Tilley ~ Terry method. The results are given in Table 1.

Table l Increase in digestibility Experiment no. The digestibility of the dry matter The digestibility of the organic substance, g - _ l 69.8% 73.1% 2 111.5% 132.7% 3 38.8% 46.8% '7809600-5 The examples given are intended to illustrate the invention. without in any way restricting it.

Claims (6)

780960-5 PATENT CLAIMS Process for the production of feed for ruminants by treating a lignocellulosic material with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at a temperature higher than 60 ° C, characterized in that raw materials containing straw or similar lignocellulosic material are cut into chops of not more than 0 , 1-5 cm length and optionally ground, the raw material is mixed with 1-10% sodium hydroxide and 0.5-5% oxidation catalyst at a moisture content of 10-20%, the resulting mixture is strongly mechanically grated at a temperature of 60-110 ° C and the resulting mass is granulated, whereby nitrogen source, e.g. 0.1-5% urea. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that physiologically tolerated oxidation catalyst is added to the raw material, e.g. copper, iron, manganese, cobalt, nitrate, nitrite, chromium, nickel, vanadium, permanganate, copper sulphate, potassium permanganate, potassium bichromate, potassium nitrate and / or sodium sulphate catalyst. 3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the catalyst contains 1-5 parts by weight of CuSO4-SH2O, 1-5 parts by weight of KMnO4, 5-10 parts by weight of KNO3 and 5-10 parts by weight of anhydrous Na2SO4. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that 0.1-0.2% of oxidizing agent is added to the raw material, e.g. nitrate or permanganate. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the mixture obtained in the mixing phase is fed into a substantially tubular cylinder space, the walls of which are provided with holes (bores), and that the mixture grinding and granulation are carried out by pressing the resulting mixture against the inner surface of the cylinder and out of the cylinder through these holes by means of pressable and rotatable granulating means with substantially circular cross-section pressable and rotatable towards the inner surface of the cylinder. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mixing phase is carried out at a temperature of 30-60 ° C, preferably 40-50 ° C, and that the mixing phase lasts for 2-60 minutes, preferably 10-40 minutes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of feed intended for disinfectants by treating a lignocellulose-containing product with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at a temperature higher than 60 ° C. Raw material containing straw or similar product containing lignocellulose is cut into chops with a maximum length of 0.1 - 5 cm and possibly ground, the raw material is mixed with 1-10% sodium hydroxide and 0.5-5% oxidation catalyst at a moisture content of 10-20% and the resulting mixture is vigorously grated mechanically at a temperature of 60 DEG-100 DEG C. and the resulting mass is granulated. The process is advantageously carried out at a moisture content of 10 - 20%.