SE422729B - SET AND EQUIPMENT FOR TREATMENT OF HACKED CROPS - Google Patents

Description

8000682-8 10 20 25 30 the walls and bottom of the housing form a plurality of spaced apart, funnel-shaped collecting shafts in the lower part of the housing, located in the throwing direction at different distances from the throwing apparatus and provided with devices for discharging the goods separated into different fractions to a or several devices for further processing and disposal of the fractions. The latter devices consist of storage silos, processing devices for the production of compound feedingstuffs and compaction devices for the production of cakes, pellets or the like.

This known plant aims to be able to utilize the large amounts of valuable constituents contained in the harvest, which are wasted in conventional harvesting methods, such as, for example, the straw which today is often plowed down or burned and which contains partly cellulosic parts and partly protein-rich parts. . The cellulosic-rich parts consist primarily of straw and stem parts, while the protein-rich parts primarily consist of chaff, leaves and parts of kernels. The latter part is often called the boss.

A disadvantage of the known method, however, is that one must drive the drying in the drying device as far as is required for the most difficult-to-dry parts. These consist mainly of the straw fraction.

But in order for the straw fraction to be sufficiently dried, it is difficult to avoid damaging the valuable_seeds at the same time. When drying in the known plant, there is therefore a great risk that the kernels will be damaged, especially if the crop has a high moisture content. This is a very serious disadvantage of this known plant. Another disadvantage is that the plant is very energy-intensive.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a method and equipment for drying, drying and separating a crop which contains constituents of various kinds in such a way that none of the constituents is damaged but can be utilized to be used in the most expedient manner. . More specifically, an object is to be able to dry and separate chopped harvests which contain valuable kernels, such as chopped cereals, essentially without the kernels being damaged during drying regardless of the moisture content of the constituent harvests. A purpose is thus also to be able to treat harvested goods with very varying moisture content so that the harvesting season can be extended over a substantially longer time than is possible with conventional harvesting methods.

An important object of the invention is also to offer a method which is energy efficient. More specifically, the purpose here is to utilize the various hot gases produced or obtained in the system in an optimal manner with regard to what the different fractions require with respect to gas purity and drying effect.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plant in which different types of harvesting material can be processed, entailing a high degree of utilization of the plant components and a considerably reduced need for special machines for different types of crops.

These and other objects can be achieved by carrying out the method and equipment in accordance with the features of the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawing figures, of which Figs. 1 is a schematic diagram of the equipment according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a side view of a device included in the equipment which constitutes an integrated primary dryer, threshing plant and separation plant for chopped cereals, according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a section III-III in Fig. 2. u ". 10 15 20 25 30 8000682-8 Fig. 4 is a section IV-IV in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 schematically shows the inner parts of an integrated primary dryer, threshing plant and separation plant included in the plant according to a second embodiment of the invention.

In all the figures, the various parts have been shown more or less schematically, and some parts have also been omitted in order that what is essential for understanding the invention should appear better.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The plant schematically illustrated in Fig. 1 comprises three drying devices, namely a device 1 which is an integrated primary dryer, threshing plant and separation plant for chopped cereals, a secondary dryer 2 for straw and boss and a grain drying dryer 3 for the cores separated in the first device 1.

The integrated device 1, which will be described in more detail below with reference to Figs. 2-4. can be divided into the following main parts, namely a mixing chamber 4 for drying air, a supply line 5 for the chopped but otherwise untreated harvested goods into a primary dryer 6, a separation section 7 which together with the primary dryer also forms a threshing plant, and a discharge device 8 for cores between the primary dryer 6 and the separation section 7. The primary dryer 6 and the separation section 7 have the shape of a continuous, rotatable drum with a horizontal axis of rotation.

A screw conveyor 9 is arranged for feeding chopped harvested goods from a container 10 into the feed line 5 in the device 1.

A belt scale is designated 11, a screw conveyor has been designated 12 and a lock has been designated 13. Furthermore, there are means 82 for regulating the conveyor 9's discharge of goods from the container 10 in dependence on the registered amount of weight.

After the drying device, a so-called outlet cabinet 14 is arranged which is connected to an opening 83 in the front end of the separation section 7. A suction fan 15 and cyclone separator 16 are connected to the discharge cabinet 14. A conveyor 18 connects the discharge cabinet 14 to an input line 19 in the secondary dryer 2. A lock 20 is arranged between the conveyor 18 and the secondary dryer 2. At the front end of the secondary dryer 2 a mixing chamber 21 for drying air is provided. The drying section itself in the device 2 is in the form of a rotating, horizontal drying drum 22 which may be of a per se known type of flow dryer for hot air. Even after the secondary drying drum 22 a discharge cabinet 23 with suction fan 24 is arranged which via a heat exchanger 25 and a cyclone separator 26 is arranged to separate smaller amounts of boss from transport air and combustion gases. Separated boss is transported via a lock 27 to a boss line BL for the production of feed cakes or pellets. The cooled exhaust gases from the cyclone separator 26 are diverted in the chimney, while in the exhaust heat exchanger 25 heated air is used in the grain dryer 3. In the bottom of the separation cabinet 23 the main part of the medium heavy, cellulosic parts, mainly parts of straw (straw flakes) accumulates. A conveyor 28 is arranged to transport this material for further processing in a straw line HL, where the material is conditioned, which is mixed with lye and / or molasses, for example for feed purposes, after which this material is also formed into feed cakes or pellets. Furthermore, the main part of the boss is separated in the lower part 29 of the separation cabinet 23 in an air flow generated by a fan 30 which carries the separated boss to a cyclone separator 31, after which the boss is taken to the boss line, BL.

The core ejection device 8 is arranged in connection with a constriction 32 between the primary dryer 6 and the separation section 7, the core discharge openings 33 being arranged in the rear part of the separation section 7 distributed around the casing of the rotating drum. The outlet device 8 is connected via a lock 34 and a coarse cleaning machine 35 to the grain dryer 3. Furthermore, an inlet line 37 for fresh air is connected to the outlet device 8 via a damper 38 for regulating the fresh air flow through the line 37 into the air outlet. The discharge device 8 and from there through the openings 33 into the separation section 7. In the coarse cleaning machine 35, the main part is separated by straw and boss parts which followed the cores in the discharge device. This cleaner is led to the secondary dryer supply line 19.

The incinerator 17 can be fired with any fuel, such as oil, gas, coal, wood and / or with products separated in the described plant. A fan 41 is provided for blowing the combustion gases into the mixing chamber 21 of the secondary dryer 2, while a fan for blowing cooler fresh air into the mixing chamber 21 has been designated 42. Inside the secondary dryer drum 22 there is a temperature meter 43 which emits a temperature measuring value 44 to a control equipment. the equipment 44 is in turn arranged to regulate the drying process by acting on a flow control valve 45, 46 arranged in each connection line for hot flue gas and colder fresh air, respectively. Also in the primary dryer 6 in the device 1 a temperature meter 47 is arranged, more precisely immediately in front of or possibly in the constriction 32, ie before the separation section 7. A control equipment, designated 48, is arranged to be able to regulate the flows depending on measured values from the meter 47 into the mixing chamber 4 of hot air and cold air, respectively, by actuating a pair of flow control valves 49 and 50, respectively, in the connections 54, 55. The hot air is arranged to be heated by the flue gases from the incinerator 17 in a heat exchanger 51 and blown into the mixing chamber 5 with a fan 52. A cold air fan has been designated S3.

The device 1 will now be explained in more detail with reference to Figs. 2-4.

As mentioned, the primary dryer 6 and the separation section 7 have the shape of a continuous, rotatable drum with a horizontal axis of rotation. The rotating drum is designated 60 in Figs. 2-4 and is arranged to be rotated by a motor 61 about the horizontal axis of rotation.

The drum 60 rests against two pairs of rollers 62 which are supported via bearing brackets 63 by a foundation 64. The primary dryer 6 is provided on the inside of the drum 60 with lifting slats 65 in the form of radially inwardly directed sheet metal pieces. The constriction 32 between the primary dryer 6 and the separation section 7 is determined by a sleeve-shaped portion 66 with a comic collar 67 which adjoins the inside of the drum 60 in the direction of the primary dryer 6. Between the sleeve 66, the collar 67 and the drum 60 an annular pocket 68 is thus formed. In the area of this pocket 68, the mentioned core discharge openings 33 are accommodated in the jacket 60 of the drum. The openings 33 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the drum to a number of at least eight, preferably several. According to the embodiment, the number of core discharge openings 33 amounts to eighteen. Arranged outside the openings 33 and embracing the drum 60 is a drop-out cover 69. Along 3/4 of its circumference only a small air gap 70 separates the jacket of the cover from the outside of the drum, while the cover 59 in the area of the remaining quarter widens into a funnel-shaped outlet cabinet 71. The outlet cover 69 together with the outlet cabinet 71 form the previously mentioned outlet device 8. The distance between the outlet cover 69 and the outside of the drum 60 is furthermore so small that the air flow through these annular openings can be neglected. As previously mentioned, a temperature gauge 47 is arranged in the front part of the primary dryer. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the temperature gauge 47 is more specifically located at the beginning of the constriction 32. For transmitting the temperature values to the control equipment 48, Figs. 1, telemetric transmission is used.

The separating section 7 'is cylindrical and is internally clad with spiral threads 80 consisting of helically turned, radially inwardly directed sheet metal strips welded to the inside of the drum 60. The threads extend along the entire cylindrical part of the separation section 7, i.e. from the discharge opening 83 to the pocket 63. At a certain distance from each spiral thread 80 calculated against the constriction 32 and the pocket 68 is arranged a helical row 76 of carrier 81 consisting of of radially directed sticks. The pins 81 are welded to the inside of the drum 60 and are placed so tightly in the individual rows 76 that straw parts which are transversely difficult or impossible to pass, while cores thereon pass with ease. Each row 76 thus forms a kind of helically twisted "rake" which can preferably carry with it longer objects, such as straw parts, but to a much lesser extent can carry with it more fine-particulate objects, such as cores, when drum 60 is rotated.

The working method of the described equipment will now be explained in more detail. The chopped harvested goods are discharged from the silo 10 by means of the screw conveyor 9 and the road-on-scale scale 11. By means of the control equipment 82 the discharge from the silo 10 is controlled, so that a relatively even flow of harvested goods is obtained. The crop is fed via the lock 13 and the line 5 into the primary dryer 6, where it meets the hot flow air from the mixing chamber 4. In the primary dryer 6, the crop is tumbled around by the vanes 65 when the drum 60 is retreated.

In a manner known per se, the vanes 65 lift up the chopped crop and then allow it to fall back into the hot flow air which gradually advances the material forward towards the constriction 32. The temperature of the flow air is measured by the temperature meter 47. Using the equipment 48 the temperature of the flow air is regulated by adjusting the valves 49 and 50 in the lines 54, 55 for hot air and cold air, respectively. However, the total air flow is kept constant. The temperature in the primary dryer 6 is thus regulated so that the surface moisture on the goods is removed to such an extent that the cores can be threshed out while the material advances forward in the primary dryer 6.

Thus, when the crop reaches the constriction 32, the kernels are substantially threshed. In the constriction 32, the material receives a velocity addition by increasing the air velocity. In this case, the flow air entrains the lighter parts to a greater extent than the heavier cores, whereby a first separation effect is achieved. In the separating part 7, the threshing then continues insofar as this has not already been completed in the primary dryer 6. The material, in particular the straw parts, is lifted by the pins 81 which form a helical row 76 in front of each helical thread 80. By the pins 81 in the individual the rows 76 are thus relatively close to the carriers (pins 81), primarily with the straw, while the cores, on the other hand, can to a significant degree pass between the pins 81. As a result, a second separation effect is achieved. The material fed along the walls of the drum 60 by means of the pins 81 has thus been further depleted with respect to cores, and when the entrained material falls into the air stream in the separating part 7, this material is thrown to a greater extent than the remaining heavier cores in the direction of discharge. - the opening 83. This achieves a third separation effect. At the same time, the helically arranged elements 80 feed material in the rearward direction.

Considering that cores are to a greater extent than other parts in the bottom of the separation section and can thus be exposed to the work of the screws 80, a fourth separation effect is achieved in this case.

Finally, the material transported backwards by the screws - the spiral threads - 80 reaches into the pocket 68 and further out through the openings 33 in the jacket 60 of the drum in the area of the outlet cabinet 71. In the pocket 68, the outlet openings 33 and the outlet cabinet 71 the material meets the colder fresh air continuously blown into the outlet cabinet 71 and further into the separation part 7 via the openings 33. This achieves a fifth separation effect, since the air carries the lighter parts to a greater degree than the cores which advance downwards towards the lock 34.

The sum effect is thus that the predominant part of the lighter parts, i.e. straw and boss, is blown out through the discharge opening 83 in the distal end of the separating part 7, while the cores are discharged into the discharge cabinet 71 through the openings 33 in countercurrent to the air which is continuously blown through the line 37. The cores thus describe a reciprocating movement which in some cases can even be repeated a number of times so that the residence time of some cores in the separation part 7 cannot be ignored. However, by continuously blowing colder air from the duct 37 via the outlet cabinet 71 and the discharge openings 33, the temperature in the separation part 7 is kept at such a low level that damage to the cores can be completely avoided.

The straw and other parts of the harvested goods which have passed through the discharge opening 83 into the outlet cabinet 14 are fed to the secondary dryer 22 by means of the screw conveyor 18 and the line 19. The secondary dryer 22 is flowed through by hot air from the air mixer 21. In the same way as in the primary dryer 1 the secondary dryer by adjusting the flows of hot and cold gases by means of the valves 45 and 46. The combustion gases from the incinerator 17 are used as hot air. Before that, however, the combustion gases are used in the heat exchanger 51 for the exchanger 51 for to heat the air to the primary dryer 1. Hot air from the cyclone separator 16 and / or 26 is used as secondary air to the incinerator. The gas system of the plant is thus highly integrated, which gives a very high degree of energy utilization. Regarding the working method for other parts of the facility described with reference to Eig. 1-4, no special explanation should be required.

Referring to Fig. 5, a rotatable drum is denoted by the numeral 160. The drum 160 corresponds to the drum 60 in Figs. 3. A primary dryer and a separating part have been designated 106 and 107, respectively. The former is, as in the previous embodiment, provided with lifting slats 165 in the form of radially inwardly directed, possibly bucket-shaped sheet metal pieces.

According to the embodiment, the separating part 107 consists of four sections 107a, b, c and d. Between the primary dryer 106 and the first section 107a a first throttling flange 132 is arranged. Between the first and the second section 107a, respectively 107b, a first line of discharge openings 133a is arranged , which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the drum 160. Between the second and the third section 107b and 107c, respectively, a second throttle flange 132b is arranged, and between the third section 107c and the last section 107d a second line of discharge openings 133b is arranged equal to the openings 133a. Outside the discharge openings 133a and 133b there is an outlet device arranged for each line of openings or alternatively a common outlet device (not shown in the figure).

All sections in the separating part 107 contain spirally wound carriers of the same type as the elements 80 in Fig. 3. In Fig. 5 the corresponding elements have been designated 180a, b, c and d with reference to sections 107a, b, c and d. The elements 180a, b , c and d have only been shown schematically. The thread direction of the spiral elements 180a and 180 in the sections 107a and 107c, respectively, is such that, during the normal rotation of the drum 160, they strive to drive material forward in the direction of the arrows towards the discharge openings 133a and 133b, respectively. In the sections 107b and 107d the spiral elements 180b and 180d are threaded in opposite directions so that during the normal rotation of the drum they drive material backwards, see the arrows, towards the openings 133a and 133b. In the last two sections, 107c and 107d, in addition, pins 383: 181d, respectively, are arranged, in rows 176c and 176d, respectively, at a distance from the spiral elements 180c and 180d, respectively, counted towards the second line of the discharge opening 133b. The purpose of the developed embodiment according to Fig. 5 is to further streamline the separation of barley and straw parts. Regarding the working principle, refer to the basic principles described with reference to the previous embodiment.

Claims (10)

8000682-8 15 20 25 30 35 12 PAIENTKRAV 1. In the case of treatment of chopped crops containing partly kernels or other seeds, such as peas, beans, etc., as well as other plant parts, wherein goods are initiated in a separation part (7) flowing through air in a rotating drum (60), k characterized by regulating the temperature of the incoming air to the separating part so that the cores or the like can be separated without damaging the cores by prolonged overheating, that the goods before starting in said separating part are subjected to a certain drying and threshing by passing through a primary dryer (6) in a rotary drying drum, which preferably constitutes a drum (60) integrated with the separation drum which is blown through with hot air in the direction of transport of the goods through the drum, and that the goods are then treated at a substantially lower air temperature in the separation part than in the primary dryer. threshing is completed to the extent that it is not already completed, while separating the kernels from the light re parts, and that the cores and the lighter parts are then preferably completely dried in separate dryers (2 and 3, respectively). 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lighter parts are fractionated into a medium light fraction represented by plant parts of the straw, stem and starch type and a very light fraction represented by plant parts of the bait, flower and leaf parts type. , and that said fractionation is preferably carried out mainly after the final drying of the lighter parts. 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the goods in the separation part are lifted by carriers on the inside of the drum which preferably lift longer parts of the goods which are then allowed to fall down again, whereby the goods are aerated and subjected to threshing work while blowing its lighter parts of the flowing air towards a discharge opening (83) in the distal end of the drum to a greater extent than the heavier cores, which are instead transported by inclined, preferably helical means (80) against a number of core discharge openings (33) in the casing of the drum, and that air is continuously introduced into the separation part through said discharge openings, whereby the separation of lighter goods from the core material which is discharged is made more efficient. 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air temperature is measured before entering the separation part and that the temperature of incoming air to the primary dryer is regulated by regulating the mixing ratio between hot air and colder air at constant air flow into the primary dryer, the hot air preferably obtained by heating in a heat exchanger with combustion gases from an incinerator (17), and that the combustion gases are then suitably used to further dry in a secondary dryer (2) the lighter products separated from the cores in the separating part, the hot combustion gases preferably being mixed with colder air before they start in the secondary dryer in a mixing ratio that is regulated depending on the temperature in the secondary dryer. 5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the main part of the lighter goods, the boss fraction, is separated from the rest of the lighter parts in outlet cabinets (14, 23) by forced air flow, so-called aspirator, connected to the remote discharge end of the secondary dryer. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cores or corresponding particles in the separation part are discharged through at least two lines of discharge openings arranged at a distance from each other in axial direction, and that the cores or the like to be discharged through said openings from both directions are fed forwards and backwards towards the discharge openings. Equipment for treating chopped harvested goods, comprising a rotatable drum (60), a separating part (7) with a discharge opening (83) for the lighter parts of the threshed harvested goods in the distal end of the separating part, and means (52, 53) for blowing air through the separating part, characterized in that the separating part (7) is provided with a carrier (81) attached to the inside of the drum and arranged to lift up the harvested goods when the drum is rotated and then to let the goods back into the air stream passing through the paooossz-a 14, 14 inclined transport means (80), preferably helical means, attached to the inside of the drum and arranged to transport goods during rotation of the drum towards a plurality of core discharge openings (33) distributed around the drum in the separating part. Equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that the carrier (81) comprises elements with a small extent in the axial direction, preferably radially directed pins, which are suitably arranged in helical rows which form scrub-like carrier means with the ability to first hand carry more elongated products, such as straw parts, while cores can pass between the elements in said rows. 9. Equipment according to any one of claims 7 - 8, characterized in that the discharge openings for cores are arranged on at least two lines around the casing of the drum and that said inclined transport means are arranged to feed cores or corresponding heavier products towards the discharge openings from both sides. Equipment according to any one of claims 7 - 9, characterized by an outlet cabinet (71) arranged outside the drum (60) in the area of the outlet / discharge openings (33) and enclosing the drum along such a large part of the total circumference that always someone the outlet opening (33) during the rotation of the drum is in the area of the outlet cabinet, and that the outlet cabinet (71) preferably forms part of an outlet cover (69) which embraces the drum in the area of the outlet openings.