SE414007B - GLASS AND PLASTIC LAMINATE AND SET FOR ITS PREPARATION - Google Patents

GLASS AND PLASTIC LAMINATE AND SET FOR ITS PREPARATION

Info

Publication number
SE414007B
SE414007B SE7710936A SE7710936A SE414007B SE 414007 B SE414007 B SE 414007B SE 7710936 A SE7710936 A SE 7710936A SE 7710936 A SE7710936 A SE 7710936A SE 414007 B SE414007 B SE 414007B
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
plastic
glass
laminate
adhesive
curing
Prior art date
Application number
SE7710936A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE7710936L (en
Inventor
O Tanner
S Porrvik
Original Assignee
Kemanobel Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kemanobel Ab filed Critical Kemanobel Ab
Priority to SE7710936A priority Critical patent/SE414007B/en
Priority to FR7827736A priority patent/FR2404525A1/en
Priority to JP11942678A priority patent/JPS5457581A/en
Priority to GB7936744A priority patent/GB2035899B/en
Priority to DE19782857054 priority patent/DE2857054A1/en
Priority to PCT/SE1978/000047 priority patent/WO1979000162A1/en
Publication of SE7710936L publication Critical patent/SE7710936L/en
Publication of SE414007B publication Critical patent/SE414007B/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10706—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer being photo-polymerized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
    • B32B17/10825—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts
    • B32B17/10834—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid
    • B32B17/10844—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid using a membrane between the layered product and the fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/302—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2325/00—Polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds, e.g. polystyrene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
    • B32B2327/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates

Landscapes

  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Description

7710936-1 Kemisk härdning kan ske genom jonutbytesprocesser där monova- lenta alkalijoner i ytskiktet byts ut mot andra alkalijoner med stör- re diameter. Vanligen rör det sig om jonslagen Li+, Na+ och K+ vars jondiametrar är 0,120 nm, 0,190 nm resp. 0,266 nm. 7710936-1 Chemical curing can take place through ion exchange processes where monovalent alkali ions in the surface layer are replaced by other alkali ions with larger diameters. These are usually the ion types Li +, Na + and K + whose ion diameters are 0.120 nm, 0.190 nm respectively. 0.266 nm.

Glasningsmaterial bestående av laminerat glas och plast är tidigare kända och används i utsatta miljöer som t.ex. skolor, banker, varuhus, sporthallar, fabriker och sjukhus samt i fordon av olika slag. I dessa laminat kombineras plastens förmåga att motstå mekanisk åverkan med glasets beständighet mot t.ex. aggresiv atmosfär, repning och rengöringsmedel. Eftersom glaset i sådana laminat står under ringa eller ingen kompression eller under kompression som genom bindemed- lets flytbarhet försvinner efter kort tid, kan mikrosprickorna göra sig gällande varigenom glasskivorna i laminaten spricker på i princip samma sätt som vanliga olaminerade glasskivor. 7 Enligt föreliggande uppfinning erhålles ett glaslaminat med stor förmåga att motstå mekanisk åverkan genom att glaset är kompri- merat i sådan utsträckning att verkningarna av de ovan diskuterade mikrosprickorna i huvudsak eliminerats. Härigenom kan glaset utsättas för avsevärd sträckning, böjning och slag utan att mikrosprickorna i glasytan öppnar sig och därigenom ger upphov till brottanvisningar.Glazing materials consisting of laminated glass and plastic are previously known and are used in exposed environments such as. schools, banks, department stores, sports halls, factories and hospitals as well as in vehicles of various kinds. In these laminates, the plastic's ability to withstand mechanical damage is combined with the glass's resistance to e.g. aggressive atmosphere, scratching and cleaning agents. Since the glass in such laminates is under little or no compression or under compression which disappears after a short time due to the fluidity of the adhesive, the microcracks can assert themselves, whereby the glass sheets in the laminates crack in basically the same way as ordinary unlaminated glass sheets. According to the present invention, a glass laminate having a high ability to withstand mechanical damage is obtained in that the glass is compressed to such an extent that the effects of the microcracks discussed above are substantially eliminated. As a result, the glass can be subjected to considerable stretching, bending and impact without the microcracks in the glass surface opening up and thereby giving rise to fracture indications.

Eftersom glaset är komprimerat över hela sitt tvärsnitt kan granulering inte uppstå.Because the glass is compressed over its entire cross section, granulation cannot occur.

Laminatet enligt uppfinningen innefattar således ett över hela sitt tvärsnitt komprimerat glas fäst vid ett plastskikt medelst ett icke kallflytande bindemedel, varvid den på glaset verkande kompres- sionskraften erhålls från plasten, vilken befinner sig i ett elas- tiskt töjningstillstånd. Uppfinningen avser även förfarande för fram- ställning av ett sådant laminat enligt vilket glaset i kompressions- fritt tillstånd fogas till ett plastskikt med ett icke kallflytande bindemedel och därefter sätts under kompression.The laminate according to the invention thus comprises a glass compressed over its entire cross section attached to a plastic layer by means of a non-cold liquid adhesive, the compressive force acting on the glass being obtained from the plastic, which is in an elastic elongation state. The invention also relates to a process for producing such a laminate according to which the glass in a compression-free state is joined to a plastic layer with a non-cold-liquid adhesive and then placed under compression.

Det är väsentligt att ett bindemedel med god beständighet mot kallflytning används, så att den komprímerande kraften på ett varak- tigt sätt överförs från plasten till glaset. Med icke kallflytande bindemedel avses att limfogen är i huvudsak stel och inte medger in- bördes rörelse mellan de sammanbundna elementen under belastning.It is essential that a binder with good resistance to cold flow is used, so that the compressive force is transferred in a lasting way from the plastic to the glass. By non-cold liquid adhesive is meant that the adhesive joint is substantially rigid and does not allow mutual movement between the bonded elements under load.

Kallhärdande, varmhärdande, strålníngshärdande, fukthärdande eller anaerobt härdande lim kan användas vid förfarandet, men även vissa filmlim och smältlim med låg kallflytning är användbara. Limmen kan vara av enkomponenttyp med latent hårdare eller av tvåkomponenttyp.Cold-curing, heat-curing, radiation-curing, moisture-curing or anaerobic curing adhesives can be used in the process, but some low cold flow film and hot melt adhesives are also useful. The adhesive can be of the one-component type with latent harder or of the two-component type.

Som exempel på lämpliga lim kan nämnas epoxilim, polyuretanlim, poly- 7710936-1 esterlim, cyanoakrylatlim, akrylatlim, silikonlim och polyimidlim.Examples of suitable adhesives are epoxy adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyester adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, acrylate adhesive, silicone adhesive and polyimide adhesive.

Vilket glas som helst kan användas för framställning av lamina- ten enligt föreliggande uppfinning. Glasmaterialet kan om så önskas vara termiskt eller kemiskt härdat.Any glass can be used to make the laminate of the present invention. The glass material can, if desired, be thermally or chemically cured.

Glasets kompressionsgrad sammanhänger med tre faktorer, nämli- gen glasets tjocklek i förhållande till plastens, glasets E-modul i förhållande till plastens samt plastens förmåga att töjas elastiskt samt motstå kallflytning. Tunt glas i kombination med tjock och styv plast som befinner sig under stor elastisk uttöjning ger sålunda maxi- mal kompression av glaset. Som exempel på lämpliga plastmaterial kan nämnas polystyren, polyvinylklorid, polykarbonat, omättade polyestrar, akrylatplaster och styrenakrylnitril plast. Speciellt lämpliga plast- material är polykarbonat vilket dels är helt glasklart och dels har mycket god slagseghet.The degree of compression of the glass is related to three factors, namely the thickness of the glass in relation to the plastic, the glass's E-modulus in relation to the plastic's and the plastic's ability to stretch elastically and resist cold flow. Thin glass in combination with thick and rigid plastic that is under great elastic elongation thus provides maximum compression of the glass. Examples of suitable plastic materials are polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, unsaturated polyesters, acrylate plastics and styrene acrylonitrile plastics. Particularly suitable plastic materials are polycarbonate, which is partly completely glass-clear and partly has very good impact resistance.

Enligt en föredragen utföringsform är de framställda laminaten symmetriska, dvs. de består av en plastskiva med lika tjocka glas på båda sidorna. Med en sådan kombination elimineras den tendens till böjning, som inträder hos asymmetriska laminat när temperaturen änd- ras.According to a preferred embodiment, the laminates produced are symmetrical, i.e. they consist of a plastic sheet with equally thick glass on both sides. With such a combination, the tendency to bend that occurs with asymmetrical laminates when the temperature changes is eliminated.

Enligt uppfinningen bör glasskivornas tjocklek lämpligen under- stiga 4 mm och företrädesvis ligga inom intervallet 0,1 - H mm och mest föredraget 0,2 - 2 mm. Plastens tjocklek bör ligga inom inter- vallet l - 35 mm, företrädesvis 5 - 10 mm. Förhållandet mellan plas- tens tjocklek och, i fråga om ett symmetriskt laminat, glasskivornas sammanlagda tjocklek bör ligga inom intervallet 2 - 35, företrädesvis 2,5 - 20.According to the invention, the thickness of the glass sheets should suitably be less than 4 mm and preferably be in the range 0.1 - H mm and most preferably 0.2 - 2 mm. The thickness of the plastic should be in the range 1 - 35 mm, preferably 5 - 10 mm. The ratio between the thickness of the plastic and, in the case of a symmetrical laminate, the total thickness of the glass sheets should be in the range 2 - 35, preferably 2.5 - 20.

Kompressionen av glaset kan åstadkommas genom att låta limning- en och härdningen ske vid förhöjd temperatur. När laminatet svalnar vill plasten dra ihop sig mer än glaset, varvid glaset komprimeras.The compression of the glass can be achieved by allowing the gluing and curing to take place at elevated temperature. When the laminate cools, the plastic wants to contract more than the glass, whereby the glass is compressed.

För att med denna metod få en för praktiskt bruk användbar kompres- sionskraft bör därför lamineringstemperaturen ligga inom området 50 - 2oo°c, företrädesvis Bo - 150%, och förhållandet mellan piascens tjocklek och glasskivornas sammanlagda tjocklek inte understiga 2,5.In order to obtain a compressive force usable for practical use with this method, the lamination temperature should therefore be in the range 50 - 20 ° C, preferably Bo - 150%, and the ratio between the thickness of the space and the total thickness of the glass sheets should not be less than 2.5.

Den med hjälp av metoden erhållbara kompressionskraften begrän- sas av att lamineringstemperaturen måste ligga under plastens mjuk- ningstemperatur. Plastens elastiska töjning sedan laminatet avkylts, begränsas därför till värden som i allmänhet ligger under ca 7 o/oo.The compressive force obtained by the method is limited by the fact that the lamination temperature must be below the plasticization temperature of the plastic. The elastic elongation of the plastic after the laminate has cooled is therefore limited to values which are generally below about 7 o / oo.

För att kompression skall ha en i praktiken användbar effekt får den bestående töjningen inte underskrida 2 o/oo.In order for compression to have a practically useful effect, the permanent elongation must not be less than 2 o / oo.

Ett sätt att utnyttja ifrâgakommande plasters hela elastíci- tetsområde, är att på mekanisk väg hålla plastmaterialet utsträckt, '7710936-1 utföra lamineringen under bibehållen sträckning samt därefter åter avlägsna den yttre sträckkraften. Vid detta förfarande kan en elas- tisk töjning hos plasten på upp till 10 % erhållas. Ett annat sätt att utnyttja plastens elasticitetsområde till denna gräns är att med yttre mekanisk kraft hålla plastplattan elastiskt böjd samt i detta läge laminera en glasskiva på plastplattans konvexa sida. Efter genomförd härdning rätas laminatplattan ut och hålles böjd åt andra hållet och i detta läge lamineras ytterligare en glasskiva på plastens andra sida. När de yttre böjkrafterna släpps, erhålls en plan plast- skiva med komprimerade glasytor.One way of utilizing the entire range of elasticities of the plastics in question is to mechanically keep the plastic material stretched, to perform the lamination while maintaining the tension and then to remove the external tensile force again. In this process, an elastic elongation of the plastic of up to 10% can be obtained. Another way of utilizing the plastic range of elasticity to this limit is to keep the plastic plate elastically bent with external mechanical force and in this position laminate a glass sheet on the convex side of the plastic plate. After hardening, the laminate board is straightened out and kept bent in the other direction, and in this position another glass sheet is laminated on the other side of the plastic. When the external bending forces are released, a flat plastic sheet with compressed glass surfaces is obtained.

Ytterligare ett annat sätt att utföra komprimeringen är att laminera glas på sträckt (orienterad) plast, samt efter fullbordad härdning kortvarigt värma laminatet. Den härvid inträdande krympning- en av plasten komprimerar då glaset. Man kan också utföra laminering så att det med fogningsmedlet belagda glaset kyles ner, varefter en varm plastskiva pressas mot glaset varvid härdningen skall ske innan temperaturutjämning ägt rum. Plastsom värmts så att den blivit flyt- bar eller mjuk kan också gjutas resp. valsas fast mot en limbestruken kyld glasskiva. I de två senare fallen kan det vid användning av två- komponentlim vara lämpligt att bestryka glaset med den ena komponen- ten och plasten med den andra.Yet another way of performing the compaction is to laminate glass on stretched (oriented) plastic, and after completion of curing, briefly heat the laminate. The resulting shrinkage of the plastic then compresses the glass. It is also possible to carry out lamination so that the glass coated with the jointing agent is cooled down, after which a hot plastic sheet is pressed against the glass, whereby the curing must take place before temperature equalization has taken place. Plastic that has been heated so that it has become liquid or soft can also be cast resp. rolled against a glue-coated chilled glass sheet. In the latter two cases, when using two-component adhesives, it may be appropriate to coat the glass with one component and the plastic with the other.

För att uppnå maximal kompression av glaset kan det i speciella fall vara lämpligt att utnyttja kombinationer mellan de nämnda meto- derna, så t.ex. kan lamineringen utföras vid förhöjd temperatur och samtidig mekanisk utsträckning av plasten.In order to achieve maximum compression of the glass, it may in special cases be appropriate to use combinations between the mentioned methods, e.g. the lamination can be carried out at elevated temperature and at the same time mechanical stretching of the plastic.

Väsentligt och kännetecknande för förfarandet enligt uppfin- ningen är att inga skjuvkrafter tillåts i_limfogen förrän bindemedlet är uthärdat och överfört i icke plastiskt flytbar form, och att gla- set först sedan detta tillstånd inträtt tillåts att bli utsatt för plastens komprimerande verkan.Essential and characteristic of the method according to the invention is that no shear forces are allowed in the adhesive joint until the adhesive is cured and transferred in a non-plastically flowable form, and that the glass is only allowed to be exposed to the compressive effect of the plastic after this condition has occurred.

Lämpligen väljes både plastmaterial och bindemedel så, att det erhållna materialet blir transparent, men även färgade och icke transparenta laminat innefattas inom uppfinningens ram.Suitably both plastic material and binder are selected so that the resulting material becomes transparent, but also colored and non-transparent laminates are included within the scope of the invention.

Uppfinningen belyses närmare i följande exempel: Exempel l På båda sidor av en polykarbonatskiva med måtten 5xl00xl200 mm, limmades en 0,8 mm tjock glasskiva i samma format. Limmet bestod av ett UV-härdande 2-komponentslim och härdningen utfördes vid 20°C.The invention is further illustrated in the following examples: Example 1 On both sides of a polycarbonate sheet measuring 5x100x1200 mm, a 0.8 mm thick glass sheet of the same format was glued. The adhesive consisted of a UV-curing 2-component adhesive and the curing was performed at 20 ° C.

Sedan uthärdníng erhållits upplades laminatskivan fritt och symmet- riskt på tvåparallella och avrundade stöd, placerade på 1000 mm av- stånd från varandra, och laminatet trycktes därefter ned på mitten 7710936-1 med hjälp av en stämpel med starkt avrundad fíltklädd undersida. 5 Glaset på den konvexa sidan av laminatet började uppvisa sprickor då nedböjningen blivit 26 mm.After curing was obtained, the laminate board was laid freely and symmetrically on two parallel and rounded supports, placed at a distance of 1000 mm from each other, and the laminate was then pressed down the middle 7710936-1 by means of a stamp with a strongly rounded felt-covered underside. The glass on the convex side of the laminate began to crack when the deflection became 26 mm.

Exempel 2 Samma prov som i exempel l utfördes dock med den skillnaden att härdningen utfördes vid l30°C. Laminatet började uppvisa sprickor på den konvexa sidan när nedböjníngen blivit H9 mm.Example 2 However, the same test as in Example 1 was performed with the difference that the curing was performed at 130 ° C. The laminate began to show cracks on the convex side when the deflection became H9 mm.

Exempel 5 Ett laminat med samma mått som i exempel 1 tillverkades genom att med hjälp av utifrån anbringade sträckkrafter elastiskt töja polykarbonatskivan 5 % i sin längdriktning, samt med bibehållen _sträckning och vid 2000 limma fast en 0,8 mm tjock glasskiva på båda sidor av densamma med ett UV-härdande tvåkomponentlim. Efter ut- härdning avlägsnades den utifrån anbringade sträckkraften och lamina- tet provades som i exempel l. Sprickor började uppträda i glaset på den konvexa sidan vid en nedböjning av 175 mm.Example 5 A laminate with the same dimensions as in Example 1 was manufactured by elastically stretching the polycarbonate board 5% in its longitudinal direction by means of externally applied tensile forces, as well as maintaining the elongation and at 2000 gluing a 0.8 mm thick glass sheet on both sides thereof. with a UV-curing two-component adhesive. After curing, the tensile force applied from the outside was removed and the laminate was tested as in Example 1. Cracks began to appear in the glass on the convex side at a deflection of 175 mm.

Claims (7)

7710936-1 »S .\ Patentkrav7710936-1 »S. \ Patentkrav 1. l. Laminat av glas och plast, k ä n n e t e c k n a t därav, att glaset är komprimerat över hela sitt tvärsnitt och sammanfogat med plasten med ett icke kallflytande bindemedeb, varvid den på glaset verkande kompressionskraften erhålls från plasten som befinner sig i ett elastiskt töjningstillstånd.1. l. Glass and plastic laminates, characterized in that the glass is compressed over its entire cross-section and joined to the plastic with a non-cold-flow adhesive binder, whereby the compressive force acting on the glass is obtained from the plastic which is in an elastic elongation state. 2. Sätt för framställning av laminat enligt krav l, be- stående av plast och glas med sprickbeständig glasyta genom sammanfogning medelst bindemedel av glas och plast, k ä n n e - t e c k n a t därav, att fogen hålles fri från skjuvkrafter under hela limnings- och härdningsförloppet, att bindemedlet är icke kallflytande samt att glaset efter fullbordad härdníng av bindemedlet sättes under kompression med hjälp av samman- dragande krafter från plasten.2. A method for producing a laminate according to claim 1, consisting of plastic and glass with a crack-resistant glass surface by joining together by means of glass and plastic adhesives, characterized in that the joint is kept free of shear forces during the entire gluing and curing process, that the adhesive is not cold-liquid and that the glass, after complete curing of the adhesive, is placed under compression by means of contracting forces from the plastic. 3. Sätt enligt krav 2, k ä n n e t e c k n a t därav, att laminatet är symmetriskt.3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the laminate is symmetrical. 4. U. Sätt enligt krav 2 eller 3, k ä n n e t e c k n a t därav, att plasten utgöres av polykarbonat, akrylplast, styren- plast, polyester, akrylnitrilplast eller polyvinylklorid eller transparenta sampolymerer baserade på nämnda plaster.4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the plastic consists of polycarbonate, acrylic plastic, styrene plastic, polyester, acrylonitrile plastic or polyvinyl chloride or transparent copolymers based on said plastic. 5. Sätt enligt krav 2, 3 eller N, k ä n n e t e c k n a t därav, att de sammandragande krafterna från plasten erhålles genom att plasten avlastas mekaniskt anbringade yttre krafter som hållit plasten elastiskt uttöjd under limnings- och härd- ningsförloppet.5. A method according to claim 2, 3 or N, characterized in that the contracting forces of the plastic are obtained by relieving the plastic of mechanically applied external forces which have kept the plastic elastically stretched during the bonding and curing process. 6. Sätt enligt något av krav 2-5, k ä n n e t e c k n a t därav, att de sammandragande krafterna från plasten erhålles genom avsvalning av laminatet efter att limningen och härdning- en fått ske inom temperaturområdet 50-200°C, företrädesvis 80-15o°c.6. A method according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that the contracting forces from the plastic are obtained by cooling the laminate after the gluing and curing has taken place in the temperature range 50-200 ° C, preferably 80-15 ° C. . 7. Sätt enligt något av krav 3-5, k ä n n e t e c k n a t därav, att förhållandet mellan plastens tjocklek och glasens sammanlagda tjocklek är 2,5 eller större. ANFÖRDA PUBLIKATIONER; Tyskland 2 640 206 (cosc 27/12) us 3 616 839 (161-193)7. A method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that the ratio between the thickness of the plastic and the total thickness of the glasses is 2.5 or greater. MENTIONED PUBLICATIONS; Germany 2 640 206 (cosc 27/12) us 3 616 839 (161-193)
SE7710936A 1977-09-29 1977-09-29 GLASS AND PLASTIC LAMINATE AND SET FOR ITS PREPARATION SE414007B (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7710936A SE414007B (en) 1977-09-29 1977-09-29 GLASS AND PLASTIC LAMINATE AND SET FOR ITS PREPARATION
FR7827736A FR2404525A1 (en) 1977-09-29 1978-09-28 LAMINATED PRODUCT OF GLASS AND PLASTIC MATERIAL AND PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING
JP11942678A JPS5457581A (en) 1977-09-29 1978-09-29 Method and apparatus for making glass plastic laminate
GB7936744A GB2035899B (en) 1977-09-29 1978-09-29 Glassplastic laminate and method and device for its production
DE19782857054 DE2857054A1 (en) 1977-09-29 1978-09-29 GLASS-PLASTIC LAMINATE AND METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ITS PRODUCTION
PCT/SE1978/000047 WO1979000162A1 (en) 1977-09-29 1978-09-29 Glass-plastic laminate and method and device for its production

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SE7710936A SE414007B (en) 1977-09-29 1977-09-29 GLASS AND PLASTIC LAMINATE AND SET FOR ITS PREPARATION

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SE414007B true SE414007B (en) 1980-07-07

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GB2124548B (en) * 1982-04-30 1985-09-11 Glaverbel Process of forming a curved glass-plastics laminate
JPS63262241A (en) * 1987-04-21 1988-10-28 旭化成株式会社 Laminate
JPH0665487B2 (en) * 1987-07-20 1994-08-24 旭化成工業株式会社 Method for forming multilayer laminate
US4793703A (en) * 1987-08-03 1988-12-27 Corning Glass Works Laminated glass lenses
US6739729B1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2004-05-25 The Boeing Company Composite backed prestressed mirror for solar facet
PL354376A1 (en) * 2002-06-10 2003-12-15 CNT Spółka z o.o.CNT Spółka z o.o. Thermal insulations, particularly combined window panels
JP3805722B2 (en) * 2002-06-10 2006-08-09 本田技研工業株式会社 Vehicle windshield
EP2301747A1 (en) * 2009-09-16 2011-03-30 Sunglass Design Reinforces glass
WO2011155403A1 (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-15 日本電気硝子株式会社 Method for manufacturing curved glass-resin laminate
CN105358320B (en) 2012-08-31 2021-06-01 康宁股份有限公司 Reinforced thin glass-polymer laminates
TWI631019B (en) 2013-04-19 2018-08-01 美商康寧公司 Methods of forming laminated glass structures
KR20170084207A (en) * 2014-11-17 2017-07-19 코닝 인코포레이티드 Glass-Polymer Laminates and Processes for Forming the Same
JP6968086B2 (en) 2016-03-17 2021-11-17 コーニング インコーポレイテッド Bendable electronic device modules and articles, and bonding methods for manufacturing them
KR102345069B1 (en) * 2016-10-26 2021-12-29 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 Glass roll with resin film
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GB2035899B (en) 1982-10-06
WO1979000162A1 (en) 1979-04-05
SE7710936L (en) 1979-03-30
GB2035899A (en) 1980-06-25
JPS5457581A (en) 1979-05-09
FR2404525A1 (en) 1979-04-27

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