SE181374C1 - Procedure for providing so-called meeting lighting between vehicles and device for practicing said procedure - Google Patents

Description

CLASS 63 c: 6 INT. CLASS B 62 d PATENT PERIOD FROM 17 DECEMBER 1958 PROVIDED ON 16 AUGUST 1962 PUBLISHED 6 NOVEMBER 1962 Ans, 11715/1958 17/12 1958fit to a drawing KEW EINERMAN, GOTEBORG The present invention relates to a kit and a device for providing so-called meeting lighting between vehicles.

Such lighting has, for example, to provide a satisfactory lighting when driving vehicles, especially cars in the dark, so that on one side the lane in front of each car must appear in sufficiently good lighting to enable safe driving of one's own vehicle, and on the other hand the lighting of the lane frail the headlamp of the own vehicle shall not act as a mixer for the driver of the receiving vehicle. In part: the following, the own vehicle will for the sake of simplicity be named the A-vehicle, while the receiving vehicle is named the B-vehicle.

The technicians have been employed for a long time in order to achieve such lighting conditions that the above-mentioned safety conditions should be considered satisfactory. To date, however, known devices and procedures for the purpose have not been satisfactory. There have been essentially trams along two different lines, one of which consisted of trying to achieve a sufficiently delimited light, which, by not illuminating the driver of the B-vehicle, did not seem to mix for it either, and of which it others consisted of an attempt to neutralize or neutralize an otherwise mixed lighting from the 3-vehicle by the driver of the A-vehicle through the use of skins and the like, by which one endeavored to greatly weaken the light incident on the driver of the A-vehicle, that this would not seem mixed.

Both of these methods have, under particularly favorable conditions, been able to give a night () eh equally acceptable result, but only on condition, alt saval A-vehicle and B-vehicle vent equipped with efficient mixing device, and that donna really come to anyandning. Unfortunately, however, in this respect there are still several shortcomings. Many vehicles are fitted with extremely deficient devices in the relevant male respect, and often the driver of a vehicle, which is sometimes provided with satisfactory mixing devices, fails to use them in fashion. In these cases, the risk of mixing air atminsione one driver and in many cases in both forums is great, and Several accidents have their cause.

The present invention is based on a. no study of the reaction of the eyes with regard to different brightnesses as with regard to the rate of change and the mat of change in the illumination, and the investigations have thereby been specifically focused on finding out the reaction times that occur. In this case a phenomenon has been observed, which may be considered to be in some respects fundamental to the present invention.

It is partly assumed that a person in a monk environment found the eyes focused on a viii illuminated tilt, which thus created an image of the retina of the eye within its fact for clear vision, ie. in and closest around the yellow flake. It is further assumed that, as is always the case with the driving of motor vehicles, 8gonen has been in weak motion in order to briefly incorporate adjacent parts of the present landscape for a short time during the corresponding accommodation of Ogonen Mom. Due to the dependent amount of light which has entered the eye, this has assumed a fairly stable adaptation.

Suddenly, however, the strong illumination of the newly naninda, brightly lit fillet within the landscape is absent, and in the stable at least the pit on each side of the peripheral fait covered by it is strongly illuminated, while the 2 - - central field is only dimly lit. It would now be reasonable to expect that it is mainly the peripheral parts of the retina that command the adaptation, that a rapid adaptation change can be expected, with the result that the dimly lit, central field would appear as almost completely ground. S., however, does not the relation fon an avseyard time gilt to arida. The explanation for this is not ophthalmologically investigated, but a teenager goes on to say that it would be related to significantly different reaction rates with regard to other lighting conditions of the rhinoceros rods resp. tapper, which would allow a time overlap between «dark vision» and «light vision».

The phenomenon just mentioned, which has not yet been scientifically explained, manifests itself in the fact that during a considerable time, which approaches several seconds or even approaches a minute, depending on individual circumstances, the person in question, who has always healed the yellow flakes and nearest surrounding area for the clearest sight focused on the now dark field, ken with good. clairvoyant observe objects mom this fait without being mixed with from outside fait incident light.

However, the conditions are certainly even more complicated, because it is known that the perception of sight, ie. the registration in the other of what the rods' rods and pins have registered and of the impulses which these, with the aid of the ganglion cell layer, passed on to the optic nerves, enter with a time shift, which is dependent on the stayers resp. the pins supply the light energy, but it is not known with certainty how this time shift varies during its dynamic stage, only that during the static stage the time shift becomes larger with weaker lighting energy and vice versa. To what extent these circumstances affect the above-mentioned phenomenon Or salunda not investigated.

The invention may therefore be said to be based on an empirical observation, since memory has not been theoretically mapped.

The invention now consists in the fact that when entering fashion with a B-vehicle, the headlight light of the A-vehicle is redirected so that two separate light beams are emitted. One is approximately from the center of the road spread out over the side of the road on which the A-vehicle is driven, such as at right-hand traffic on the Nigra road side and at left-hand traffic on the left side of the road, an avsyard angle out to the terrain on the side of the road, while the other the beam of light lies in a case, which extends from a line which forms a considerable angle with the longitudinal direction of the carriage, and extends even further towards the terrain on the side of the carriage on the side where the B-vehicle is driven. The first-mentioned beam of light should preferably be somewhat downwardly directed, and the latter rather strongly downwardly directed.

Further details of the invention will appear from the following description partly of the general principle of the invention, partly of a couple of Aka embodiments of the invention, in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows the light distribution conditions in the horizontal plane when meeting straight, Fig. 2 shows Corresponding light distribution conditions in the vertical plane when meeting on a straight line, Fig. 31 shows a perspective view of the light distribution conditions in fashion in a curve, damaged by a secondary car incident in a main road, Figs. 5 shows the glow bodies in one of the headlights' layers in the picture Iran side resp. from the front, and fig. 6 resp. 7 in a corresponding manner shows the position of the filaments in the second headlamp on the A-fork

In Figures 1, 2 and 3, the A vehicle is denoted by «A» and the B vehicle by «B». It is of no material importance to the invention, of what kind the mixing devices are present on the B-vehicle, since only the mixing devices ph A-vehicle will be described. Of course, however, it is an advantage if the vehicles are provided with mixing devices according to the present invention.

The A-vehicle is assumed in the usual way for automobiles to be equipped with broad headlights, which in their normal state emit two powerful beams of light in the direction of the front and thereby choose to illuminate the road ahead. These candle cones Oro directed ph traditionally salt and should therefore not require any further explanation. It is first by switching the light to other light bodies or by taking other steps to redirect the light to enable a risk-free extent that the light distribution according to the present invention will enter, and it is only this light distribution which is neutralized in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. It was necessary to remember that courage must be presumed to take a rather short time, and that therefore the ability to see the road and the surroundings during this short iii without mixing is significant. Since. Once the meeting has been completed, switching must, of course, take place in the usual way to normal headlight lighting.

The vehicle A in Figs. 1 and 2 is thus provided with two normal headlights, which differ only from the generally occurring, traditional headlights in the manner in which the glow plug for mixed lighting is mounted. Denim Or, however, is so arranged that the flood of light described above arises. In Figs. 1 and 2 it has been imagined that the vehicles will be driven in left-hand traffic, but it will be readily apparent to the person skilled in the art how the device will be if the vehicles in the stable were to be driven in right-hand traffic. Fran. The vehicle's left-hand headlamp thus emits a beam of light of fairly rigid width but with selectively delimited edge beams. This light cone is distributed between an angle α in relation to the longitudinal direction of the yag path and one. angle in relation to the same longitudinal direction. The angle a Sr in the embodiment shown is equal to 12.5 °, while the angle / 3 Sr 35 °. The angular extent of the light beam is therefore 22.5 °. The Iranian headlamp to the right of the vehicle's beam of light extends from a spruce line, which substantially coincides with the longitudinal direction of the yacht to an angle of 15 ° from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. In order to be able to more easily distinguish the had beams from each other, the former has been drawn with solid lines, the latter with dotted lines.

Fig. 2 shows the vertical distribution of the same light beams. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the beam of light from the left headlight Sr is directed rather strongly downwards, namely between 6 ° and 22 ° below the horizontal plane Ii, while the beam from the right headlight is directed much higher upwards, namely approximately Sr frail the horizontal plane to a position 10 ° below the horizontal plane h.

It is now clear that with this orientation of the light beams from the two headlights a strong illumination on the form on the side of the carriage is established, while the right center of the carriage does not receive any illumination other than diffuse illumination by radiation from such objects. In other words, the condition mentioned above has been created, namely that the retina is unopened on the yellow flake and the area closest to it concentrates the image on a dark fait with adequate lighting, while the peripheral parts of the retina are affected by light from brightly lit fah. For the driver pa. Due to the above-mentioned observation, the A-vehicle leads to the fact that during a transient time, which is sufficiently long for the race to be completed, he clearly sees the entire lane in front of him, including the oncoming B-vehicle. The driver of the A-vehicle can therefore safely drive on, and he had a good overview of the entire field of vision.

For the driver of the B-car, the effect is that due to the strongly lateral () eh downward current in the light frail of the A-vehicle's headlight beam, this entire flood of light falls so low that it does not hit the B-vehicle's windscreen and thus does not fall. into the forams ogon. But if the windscreen should be abnormally placed due to special circumstances, the light hits the front of the B-vehicle at a strongly inclined angle, which as is well known contributes to reducing the risk of mixing.

Of course, the driver of the B-vehicle should mix in his light. But even if he were to fail to take this, there would be no significant mixing effect in the driver of the A-vehicle, for his eyes aro yid the occasion because of the strong peripheral light adapted for high brightness.

It should be noted that by the particular light distribution provided by the present invention, the total given intensity or higher illuminated portion of the scale is several times greater than was usual with previous landing devices, and therefore the total quantity of light energy. which falls into the driver of the A-vehicle ogon, (Asa can be assumed to be several times stone. In addition, this quantity of light will mainly hit the peripheral parts of the retina, and, as mentioned above, it Sr these parts, which command the adaptation conditions.

It is clear, therefore, that the drivers can pass each other without the driver experiencing any more lighting on the road than in previous traditional diverting devices, that furthermore the driver of the A-vehicle sees the road narapa as viii as in ordinary headlight lighting, although this only lasts a short time. moment, and finally that the driver of the B-vehicle receives an a-vsevard hj alp of the At right-directed beam from the A-vehicle's left-hand headlamp, which will for him illuminate the edge of the wagon spirit tram to the A-vehicle. On the other hand, the driver of the B-vehicle, which is assumed not to have a device according to the present invention, sees almost the beginning of what is behind the A-vehicle on the road.

This has introduced a new problem, namely the blackout effect, which leads to a very large number of accidents, in that the driver can drive on a stationary vehicle or a pedestrian or other vehicle on the existing vehicle.

It appears from the foregoing that the driver of the A-vehicle need not be exposed to such a risk. The decisive factor in this stay of oil cows has been partly of a positive and partly of a negative nature. In the case of incomplete lighting, on the one hand the driver of a vehicle thought he had observed objects or persons, where such ails did not exist, usually due to the fact that he observed shadows or days, present on the roadway due to the surroundings, however, he wanted because of the dim lighting could not analyze in time. He can db. have tried to dodge an imaginary obstacle, whereby an error with the accompanying accident or accident has been followed. But on the other hand, it may be necessary to find that an object or a person has actually been on the roadway, without the driver of the vehicle observing it or seeing any shadows or days caused by it. He. may then have run a raft on the object or person.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that these types of incorrect observations are avoided by the invention with respect to the driver of the A-vehicle. The invention does not avoid these disadvantages for the driver of the B-vehicle, but this does not in any case be in any better condition than he would otherwise have been, and as a rule he receives a certain help from the headlight of the A-vehicle.

Fig. 3 is illustrative of the case that the vehicles, when they first enter the fashion zone, have low directions which are not completely opposite to each other. It is irrelevant for that matter whether the vehicles meet each other in a curve, or whether they meet each other as shown in Fig. 3, namely on a main road and on an exit road. In any case, it can be seen from Fig. 3 that the beam of light from the left-hand headlight of the A-vehicle is completely harmless, but that it illuminates the lane of the main car to help and inform the driver of the B-vehicle. The beam from the right-hand headlight of the A-vehicle & the front of the B-vehicle at such a strong angle that mixing is excluded.

If instead the B-vehicle had come in a curve of the opposite hook or from an exit wagon with the opposite direction, then the A-vehicle's right headlights would only illuminate the road in front of the B-vehicle annu better, and the A-vehicle's left headlights would make a light beam outside, which not only hit the front of the B-vehicle at a very large angle but also hit this vehicle completely below the plane that light could have penetrated the windshield and hit the driver's eyes.

The advantage of illuminating the species described above lies not only in the fact that mixing is avoided and that a certain, rather good image of the only dimly lit central field is nevertheless obtained, but above all in that the illumination of the peripheral field is so good. In previous mixing devices with downward orientation of the light beam, it is assumed that something sh. when effectively able to reduce the risk of blanching of the driver of a feeding vehicle, the direct beam is directed so sharply downwards that the illuminated part of the road is restricted to approximately 25 to 30 meters in front of the vehicle. In a device according to the present invention, this straight line is required to a considerably larger area and can in many cases amount to 80 to 90 meters. The lighting p5. the road side of the traditional device has only been about 30 meters, but in this case it will be much longer, up to about 80 to 90 meters or possibly up to about 120 meters. The ability to observe what is at the roadside Or of very great importance for things corn.

The headlight device itself is very simple, since the principle of lighting has been clarified. It is now possible, as with the traditional vehicle headlights, to use a switch between turd different glow bodies within a preferably common reflector.

There is no responsibility for the person skilled in the art to place the glow plugs in salt since he has merely acquired knowledge of the basic principle of the present invention. Figures 4-7 indicate dad & only a selected embodiment ph. the placement of the glow bodies in a pair of cohesive headlights, but the invention should of course not be construed as limited to this particular embodiment.

Figs. 4 and 5 show the left-hand headlight of the A-vehicle shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, partly in section (Fig. 4) and partly from the front (Fig. 5). The optical axis of the reflector 10 is designated 11, and at the focal point of the preferably parabolic reflector is the glolock body 12 intended for normal headlight function. The glow body 13 Mr mixed lighting in accordance with the present invention is arranged eccentrically in relation to the focal point. It is thus arranged above the focal point, which leads to the sharp degradation of the light beam from the left headlight, and it is also arranged slightly offset to the left of the focal point, seen in the correction, which causes the light of the headlight to be distributed between the above angled layers a ° eh IN). The width of the angle between the two angular layers a and # can be adjusted to the appropriate value by possibly shifting the glow body to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis behind or in front of the focal plane.

On the corresponding salt, Figures 6 and 7 show the vehicle's right headlight. Its reflector 14 Or is as shaped as the reflector 10, and its optical axis 15 may preferably be arranged parallel to the optical axis 11. Its normal glow body 16 Or also arranged like the glow body 12 arranged in the focal point of the reflector. The glow body for diffused lighting according to the invention is also partly laterally offset, partly above displaced in height, but the amount for this displacement Or in both directions is less On at the left headlight. This means that the beam is not downgraded to the same extent as the beam in the left-hand beam, and that it will also spread along an angular range from the longitudinal direction of the wave to the angle from this longitudinal direction. the same side of the road as the one on the Aiken A vehicle itself. Of course, the lateral displacement of the filaments 13 and 17 takes place on different boards. It is appropriate to arrange the hot filaments in a common lamp globe in each headlight and to optically cut them off through domed reflecting screens on the edge of salt per se. It is also convenient to set a good beam direction through a lamella member of the per se edge type immediately inside the headlight protection glass. However, such details are obvious to the person skilled in the art and should not require special description in this context.

Claims (10)

Patent claim: The present invention relates to an experience salt for providing so-called fashion lighting between vehicles. The headlight arc of the own vehicle (A) arranged to emit, under normal conditions, two substantially parallel beams, which are redirected when switching for fashion lighting. According to the invention flag, the procedure consists of the following three steps in combination with each other: 1) when switching for fashion lighting, the beam domes are redirected so that they are turned outwards towards each side of the road while landing a part of the roadway from the vehicle substantially unlit. 2) The beam of light on the side of the road feared by the oncoming vehicle (B) is turned further out towards the side of the road than the beam of light radiating towards the roadside of the own vehicle (A). 3) At the same time, the light beam is lowered more strongly on the side of the road feared by the oncoming vehicle (B) than on the side of the road where the own vehicle (A) is located. When performing the procedure according to patent claim 1, the light beam on the side of the road, which is feared by the receiving vehicle (B), is lowered so strongly that no light falls over the horizontal plane. 3. When carrying out the procedure according to any of the preceding patent claims, the light from the right headlight of the own vehicle (A) is turned to the left and the light from its left headlight is turned to the right, 4. When applying the coloring method according to any of the preceding patent claims, the beam of light from the own vehicle (A) is turned outwards towards the terrain so that the side of the carriage, which is driven by this vehicle (A), so far as its rays sweep over the carriageway from a direction which substantially coincides with the longitudinal direction of the carriage to a direction which forms a considerable angle with the longitudinal direction of the carriage, e.g. in the order of 15 ° oiler more. 5. When carrying out the procedure according to any of the preceding patent claims, the beam of light from the own vehicle (A) is turned outwards towards the terrain at the side of the wagon, which is threatened by the receiving vehicle (B), so far that it falls in its entirety within a direction which forms a considerable angle with the longitudinal direction of the carriage, e.g. in the order of 12.5 °, to a direction which forms a larger angle with the longitudinal direction of the carriage, e.g. 35 ° or thereabouts. The present invention therefore relates to a device for carrying out the method according to any one of the preceding patent claims, in which in addition to the normal glow bodies (12, 10) intended for two substantially parallel beams, the same or other reflectors (10, 14) are arranged. exfocal incandescent bodies (13, 17) which, when connected, trade in the place of the normal incandescent bodies (12, 16) in order to provide fashion lighting. According to the invention, the exfocal incandescent bodies (13, 17) are so arranged that the following three deflection measures in combination with each other are introduced when switching for fashion lighting: 1) when switching for fashion lighting the beams are redirected so that they rotate outwards towards each road side while leaving a part of the lane in front of the vehicle is largely unlit. 2) The beam of light on the side of the road feared by the oncoming vehicle (B) is turned further towards the side of the road than the beam of light radiating towards the road side of the own vehicle (A). 3) At the same time, the light beam is lowered more strongly on the side of the road, which is feared by the part facing the vehicle (B) than on the side of the road where the own vehicle (A) is located. 7. In a device according to claim 6, 6 the glow body (13) for emitting the beam to the side of the carriage, which is required by the receiving vehicle (B) arranged on such a MO Over the focal plane, that inlet light falls over the horizontal plane. In a device according to any one of claims 6 or 7, the body (13) in the left-hand headlight of the own vehicle (A) is offset in such a way that the beam from there, after reflecting towards the reflector (10), is turned 04 higher, and the body ( 17) in the right headlight of the own vehicle (A) shifted in such a way that it is higher, that the beam from there, after reflecting towards the reflector (14), is turned to the left. In a device according to any one of patent claims 6-8, the glow body (17) in the headlight, which illuminates the road side of the own vehicle (A), is arranged exfocally p0. such a sail, that the beam of light from the own vehicle (A) is turned outwards towards the terrain, that the side of the carriage, which is feared by this vehicle (A) so far, that its rays are swept over the carriageway from a direction which essentially coincides with - the longitudinal direction of the carriage, to a direction which forms a considerable angle with the longitudinal direction of the carriage, I. ex. on the order of ay 15 ° or more. In a device according to any one of claims 6-9, the glow body (13) in the headlight, which illuminates the side of the wall feared by the receiving vehicle (B) is advanced to such a salt exfocal position that the light beam in its whole sweeps outwards towards the terrain Mom a direction, which forms 6— - considerable angle with the longitudinal direction of the carriage, e.g. from a direction of the order of 12.5 ', to a direction which forms a larger angle with the longitudinal direction of the carriage, e.g. 35 'or thereabouts. Request publications: Patents from France 583,733; Switzerland 154,734; USA 1,088,094, 1,641,750, 2,565,757.