SE180576C1 - - Google Patents
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- SE180576C1 SE180576C1 SE180576DA SE180576C1 SE 180576 C1 SE180576 C1 SE 180576C1 SE 180576D A SE180576D A SE 180576DA SE 180576 C1 SE180576 C1 SE 180576C1
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Uppfinnare: W F Jense Prioritet begard fran den 19 augusti 1959 (Nederlanderna) Uppfinningen avser en emulgerbar oljekompolition for anvandande vid bearbetning, sat.- skill kallbearbetning av metaller, sfisom valsning, djupdragning, pressning och stansning. Inventor: W F Jense Priority requested from 19 August 1959 (The Netherlands) The invention relates to an emulsifiable oil composition for use in machining, sat.- skill cold working of metals, such as rolling, deep drawing, pressing and punching.
Vid kallbearbetning av metaller fir det kfint att anvanda en vatska, vilken verkar sasom smorjmedel och fiven tjanar for att fora bort vid processen alstrat varme. For andamalet anvander man en vattenfri mineralisk eller fet olja eller en emulsion i .vatten ay den mineraliska eller feta olj an. En emulsion har Rirdelen av storre specifikt varme an en vattenfri olja och lampar sig darfor battre for bortfOrande av vid kallbearbetning alstrat vfirme. In the cold working of metals, it is possible to use a liquid which acts as a lubricant and serves to dissipate heat generated during the process. For the spirit, an anhydrous mineral or fatty oil or an emulsion in water containing the mineral or fatty oil is used. An emulsion has the Rirdelen of greater specific heat than an anhydrous oil and is therefore better suited for the removal of vfrme generated during cold working.
Det Sr kant att bereda emulsioner av vat-ten och en mineralisk eller fet olja under anvandande av emulgatorer for stabilisering av emulsionen. De anvanda emulgatorerna aro joniska eller nonjoniska sadana. Salunda avslojas i belgiska patentet 554 927 en emulsion i vatten av en mineralolja innehallande en nonj onisk emulgator, exempelvis kondensationsprodukten av en alifatisk alkohol med 8-kolatomer och en alkylenoxid, kombinerad med en anjonisk emulgator, exempelvis ett alkoxiarylsulfonat. I amerikanska patentet 2 258 552 beskrives sasom valsningsolja en emulsion av palmolja, trietanolamin, tallolja och vatten, i vilken emulsion kombinationen av tallolj a och trietanolamin bildar emulgator. It is advisable to prepare emulsions of the water and a mineral or fatty oil using emulsifiers to stabilize the emulsion. The emulsifiers used are ionic or nonionic. Thus, Belgian patent 554,927 discloses an emulsion in water of a mineral oil containing a nonionic emulsifier, for example the condensation product of an aliphatic alcohol having 8 carbon atoms and an alkylene oxide, combined with an anionic emulsifier, for example an alkoxy aryl sulfonate. U.S. Patent 2,258,552 discloses, as a rolling oil, an emulsion of palm oil, triethanolamine, tall oil and water, in which emulsion the combination of tall oil a and triethanolamine forms an emulsifier.
Efter kallbearbetningen av metall underkastas det bearbetade materialet, exempelvis en valsad plat eller remsa, ofta en varmebehandling i syfte att forbattra metallens egenskaper. Enar en blank yta efterstravas, foretages denna varmebehandling i ett icke-oxiderande medium for att forhindra bildandet av oxider etc. After the cold working of metal, the machined material, for example a rolled plate or strip, is often subjected to a heat treatment in order to improve the properties of the metal. If a glossy surface is sought, this heat treatment is carried out in a non-oxidizing medium in order to prevent the formation of oxides etc.
En allvarlig nackdel med de konventionella kallbearbetningsoljorna fir att aterstoder av desamma i allmanhet medfora en missfargfling ,och flackning av metallytan under varmebehandlingen, och det kan till och med tillfalligtvis forekomma en rostbildning fore eller efter varmebehandlingen. A serious disadvantage of the conventional cold working oils is that residues thereof generally cause discoloration, and flattening of the metal surface during the heat treatment, and there may even occasionally be a rust formation before or after the heat treatment.
Foreliggande uppfinning avser en emulgerbar olj a, varav aterstoder icke medfora flagon missfargning, flaaning eller rostbildning pa metallytan under varmebehandlingen av den bearbetade metallen. The present invention relates to an emulsifiable oil, the residues of which do not cause flake discoloration, flaking or rusting on the metal surface during the heat treatment of the processed metal.
Endr namnda varmebehandling oftast f oretages efter valsning av metallen till plat eller band, Or uppfinningen speciellt viktig i samband med kallvalsning av metall. The said heat treatment is usually carried out after rolling the metal into a plate or strip. The invention is particularly important in connection with cold rolling of metal.
Det har befunnits, att syftet med uppfinningen nas medelst en emulgerbar olja bestaende av aromatfritt eller aromatfattigt kolvatedestillat, innehallande en nonjonisk emulgator, en mattad eller omattad alifatisk karbonsyra samt en aminoalkohol. It has been found that the object of the invention is achieved by means of an emulsifiable oil consisting of aromatic-free or aromatic-poor carbohydrate distillate, containing a nonionic emulsifier, a matt or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid and an amino alcohol.
Uppfinningen avser darfor en emulgerbar oljekomposition bestaende av ett kolvatedestillat med en aromathalt icke overstigande 15 viktprocent och innehallande en nonjonisk emulgator, en mattad eller omattad alifatisk karbonsyra med minst 8 kolatomer samt en aminoalkohol. The invention therefore relates to an emulsifiable oil composition consisting of a hydrocarbon distillate with an aromatic content not exceeding 15% by weight and containing a nonionic emulsifier, a matt or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid having at least 8 carbon atoms and an amino alcohol.
Med aromathalt avses den halt, som bestammes genom sulfonering med sva-velsyra av 98 procent koneentration. Aromatic content refers to the content determined by sulfonation with sulfuric acid of 98 percent concentration.
En kondensationsprodukt av en alkylenoxid och en organisk forening med minst en aktiv vateatom anvandas sasom nonjonisk emulgator. SS t. ex. anvandes en kondensationsprodukt av en alifatisk alkohol med minst 8 och icke Over 20 kolatomer och en alkylenoxid, exempelvis etylenoxid eller propylenoxid. Kondensationsprodukterna av en alkylenoxid och blandningar av alifatiska alkoholer med 8-20 kolatomer, exempelvis sadana som erhallas genom fortvalning av vissa mineraloljor eller animaliska olj or, exempelvis valolja, are Sven. 2— — ledes lampliga. Det ar att foredraga att anyanda en nonjonisk emulgator erhallen genom att kondensera 1 mol av alkoholen med 2-15 mol av alkyIenoxiden. Exempel pa dessa non-,j oniska emulgatorer aro kondensationsprodukter av 1 mol oleylalkohol och 6 mol etylenaxid, kondensationsprodukten av 1 mol n-cetyl-alkohol och 6 mol etylenoxid samt kondensationsprodukten av en. blandning av 1 mol oleylalkohol och 1 mol n-cetylalkohol och 12 mol etylenoxid. A condensation product of an alkylene oxide and an organic compound having at least one active hydrogen atom is used as the nonionic emulsifier. SS e.g. a condensation product of an aliphatic alcohol having at least 8 and not more than 20 carbon atoms and an alkylene oxide, for example ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, is used. The condensation products of an alkylene oxide and mixtures of aliphatic alcohols with 8-20 carbon atoms, for example those obtained by pre-digestion of certain mineral oils or animal oils, for example whale oil, are Sven. 2— - ledes lampliga. It is preferred that any other nonionic emulsifier be obtained by condensing 1 mole of the alcohol with 2-15 moles of the alkylene oxide. Examples of these non-, ionic emulsifiers are condensation products of 1 mole of oleyl alcohol and 6 moles of ethylene oxide, the condensation product of 1 mole of n-cetyl alcohol and 6 moles of ethylene oxide and the condensation product of one. mixture of 1 mole of oleyl alcohol and 1 mole of n-cetyl alcohol and 12 moles of ethylene oxide.
Andra lampliga nonjoniska emulgatorer aro kondensationsprodukter av alkylenfenoler med en rak eller grenad kedja om minst 6 och icke over 20 kolatomer och en alkylenoxid, exempelvis etylenoxid och propylenoxid. Det ar att foredraga att anvanda en emulgator erhallen genom att kondensera 1 mol alkylfenol och 2-15 mol alkylenoxid. Exempel pa dessa nonjoniska emulgatorer aro produkter erhallna genom att kondensera 1 mol isooktylfenol med 4-5 mol etylenoxid och 1 mol nonylfenol med 6 mol etylenoxid. Andra lampliga nonjoniska emulgatorer aro kondensationprodukterna av mattade eller omattade alifatiska karbonsyror med 8-20 kolatomer och alkylenoxid, exempelvis kondensationsprodukten av laurinsyra och 2-20 mol etylenoxid, palmitinsyra och 2-20 mol etylenoxid; kondensationsprodukter erhallna genom att omsatta alkylenoxid med partiella estrar av flervarda alkoholer och mattade eller omattade alifatiska korbonsyror med 8-20 kolatomer, exempelvis kondensationsprodukten av etylenoxid och glycerolmonooleat och kondensationsprodukten av etylenoxid och glycerolmonopalmitat eller glyceroldipalmitat; kondensationsprodukter erhallna genom att omsatta alkylenoxid med partiella estrar av partiellt avvattnad sorbitol och mattade eller omattade alifatiska karbonsyror innehallande 8-20 kolatomer, exempelvis kondensationsprodukten av etylenoxid och monopalmitatestern av partiellt avvattnad sorbitol; kondensationsprodukter fran omsattningen av alkylenoxid och amider av mattade eller omattade alifatiska karbonsyror med 8-20 kolatomer, exempelvis kondensationsprodukter av etylenoxid och laurylamid, palmitylamid, stearylamid eller oleylamid. Kondensationsprodukter av alkylenoxid, exempelvis etylenoxid och propylenoxid, och primara eller sekundara aminer med alkylgrupper om 6-22 kolatomer aro avenledes lampliga. Exempel aro kondensationsprodukter av etylenoxid och oktylamin, dioktylamin, dodekylamin, didodekylamin, hexadekylamin, dihexadekylamin, eikosylamin och dieikosylamin. Kondensationsprodukter av etylenoxid och tekniska blandningar ay dessa aminer kunna avenledes anyandas liksom blandningar ay de ovannamnda nonjoniska emulgatorerna. Other suitable nonionic emulsifiers are condensation products of alkylene phenols having a straight or branched chain of at least 6 and not more than 20 carbon atoms and an alkylene oxide, for example ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. It is preferable to use an emulsifier obtained by condensing 1 mole of alkylphenol and 2-15 moles of alkylene oxide. Examples of these nonionic emulsifiers are products obtained by condensing 1 mole of isooctylphenol with 4-5 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of nonylphenol with 6 moles of ethylene oxide. Other suitable nonionic emulsifiers are the condensation products of matt or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having 8-20 carbon atoms and alkylene oxide, for example the condensation product of lauric acid and 2-20 moles of ethylene oxide, palmitic acid and 2-20 moles of ethylene oxide; condensation products obtained by reacting alkylene oxide with partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carbonic acids having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, for example the condensation product of ethylene oxide and glycerol monooleate and the condensation product of ethylene oxide and glycerol monopalmitate or glycerol dipalmitate; condensation products obtained by reacting alkylene oxide with partial esters of partially dehydrated sorbitol and saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids containing 8-20 carbon atoms, for example the condensation product of ethylene oxide and the monopalmitate ester of partially dehydrated sorbitol; condensation products from the reaction of alkylene oxide and amides of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, for example condensation products of ethylene oxide and laurylamide, palmitylamide, stearylamide or oleylamide. Condensation products of alkylene oxide, for example ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and primary or secondary amines having alkyl groups of 6-22 carbon atoms are also suitable. Examples are condensation products of ethylene oxide and octylamine, dioctylamine, dodecylamine, didodecylamine, hexadecylamine, dihexadecylamine, eicosylamine and dieicosylamine. Condensation products of ethylene oxide and technical mixtures of these amines can be derived from each other as well as mixtures of the above-mentioned nonionic emulsifiers.
Sasom nonjoniska emulgatorer lampa sig yidare kondensationsprodukter av alkylenoxi der, sasom etylenoxid och propylenoxid, med diaminer. Foredragna exempel pa dylika kondensationsprodukter aro sadana som erhallas genom att omsatta etylenoxid med diaminer av den allmanna formeln: R—NH—(C1-10),,—NH2 dar R beteeknar alkyl med 6-22 kolatomer och n ãr ett helt tal fran 2 till 6. Other nonionic emulsifiers adhere to further condensation products of alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, with diamines. Preferred examples of such condensation products are those obtained by reacting ethylene oxide with diamines of the general formula: R-NH- (C1-10) to 6.
De manacle eller omattade alifatiska karbonsyrorna ha en kolkedja om minst 8 kolatomer. Det dr att foredraga att anvanda omattade alifatiska karbonsyror, men de mattade syrorna aro avenledes lampliga for uppfinningens andamal. Speciellt Iampliga aro omattade alifatiska karbonsyror med 8-22 kolatomer. Exempel pa sadana syror aro undekylensyra, oleinsyra, elaidinsyra, erukasyra och brassidinsyra. Blandningar av mattade och omattade syror med 8-22 kolatomer, sâ- dana de erhallas exempelvis yid fortvalning av vegetabiliska och animaliska olj or och fetter, aro avenledes mycket lampliga liksom blandningar erhallna genom fortvalning .av tall olj a. The manacle or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids have a carbon chain of at least 8 carbon atoms. It is preferable to use unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, but the saturated acids are equally suitable for the purposes of the invention. Particularly suitable are unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of such acids are undecylenic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, erucic acid and brassidic acid. Mixtures of matt and unsaturated acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, such as are obtained, for example, by the preservation of vegetable and animal oils and fats, are also very suitable, as are mixtures obtained by the preservation of pine oil.
De anvanda aminoalkoholerna utgoras foretradesvis av sadana som kunna harledas fran ammoniak eller en alifatisk primar eller sek.undar amin med en alkylgrupp om hogst 4 kolatomer genom att substituera en eller flera vateatomer vid kvayeatomen med en hydroxialkylgrupp med hogst 3 kolatomer. Exempel pa sadana aminoalkoholer Oro monoetanolamin, dietanolamin, trietanolamin, monoetanolmetylamin, monoetanoldimetylamin, dietanolmetylamin, monoetanoletylamin, monoetanoldietylamin, dietanoletylamin, monoetanolpropylamin, monoetanoldipropylamin, dietanolpropylamin, monoetanolbutylamin, monoetanoldibutylamin och dietanolbutylamin. Motsvarande propanol- och isopropanolaminer kunna avenledes anvandas. Dictanolamin och trietanolamin faredragas. Dietanolamin är sarskilt lamplig fOr uppfinningens andamal. De mattade eller omattade alifatiska karbonsyrorna och aminoalkoholerna kunna blandas yar for sig med de &riga komponenterna. De kunna aven tillsattas till de andra komponenterna i form av en blandning. Da de tillsattas till de ovriga komponenterna i form av en blandning, dr det icke nedvandigt att de mattade eller omattade alifatiska karbonsyrorna och aminoalkoholerna blandas vid rumstemperatur. De kunna aven blandas vid forhojda temperaturer. The amino alcohols used are preferably those which can be derived from ammonia or an aliphatic primer or seconds of amine having an alkyl group of up to 4 carbon atoms by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms at the quaya atom with a hydroxyalkyl group having up to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of such amino alcohols are monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoethanolmethylamine, monoethanol dimethylamine, diethanolethylamine, monoethanolethylamine, monoethanol diethylamine, diethanolethylamine, monoethanolpropylamine, monoethanol dipropylamine, diethanoetholinepropylamine, monoethanolaminopropylamine, monoethanolaminopropylamine. The corresponding propanol and isopropanolamines can also be used. Dictanolamine and triethanolamine are endangered. Diethanolamine is particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention. The matt or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids and amino alcohols can be mixed separately with the other components. They can also be added to the other components in the form of a mixture. Since they are added to the other components in the form of a mixture, it is not necessary that the matt or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids and amino alcohols be mixed at room temperature. They can also be mixed at elevated temperatures.
Utgangsolj an i den emulgerbara oljekompositionen enligt uppfinningen bOr utgoras av ett aromatfritt eller aromatfattigt kolvatedestillat. Vid forangningen ay emulsionsaterstoderna under varmebehandlingen ay den bearbetade metallen, t. ex. valsad plat eller band, bildas ingen aterstod da man anvander ett kolyatedestillat till skillnad Iran forhallandet yid anyandande ay restoljefraktioner. Det har — —3 emellertid befunnits, att da en destillatfraktion anvandes det alltjamt är majligt att flackar uppkomma pa metallytan under var- mebehandlingen. Det har visat sig, att dessa flackar icke upptrada, da man am/ander ett kolvatedestillat med lag aromathalt. Vikt- procenten aromathalt bor icke overstiga 15. Ett kolvatedestillat foredrages med en aro- mathalt av 10 viktprocent och darunder. Spe- ciellt anvandes ett kolvatedestillat med en aromathalt av 5 viktprocent eller mindre. Ex- empel pa kolvatedestillat, som kunna anvandas, aro fotogen, gasolja, spindelolja och latta smorjoljefralitioner. Kolvatedestillat med en viskositet av hogst 24 centistokes (100 sekunder Redwood I) vid 60° C foredrages. The starting oil in the emulsifiable oil composition according to the invention should be an aromatic-free or low-aromatic hydrocarbon distillate. During the evaporation of the emulsion residues during the heat treatment of the processed metal, e.g. rolled plate or strip, no residue is formed when using a carbonated distillate unlike the Iran ratio yid anyandande ay residual oil fractions. However, it has been found that when a distillate fraction is used, it is still possible for flakes to appear on the metal surface during the heat treatment. It has been found that these flakes do not appear when a hydrocarbon distillate with a low aromatic content is obtained. The percentage by weight of aromatic content should not exceed 15. A hydrocarbon distillate is preferred with an aromatic content of 10% by weight or less. In particular, a hydrocarbon distillate having an aromatic content of 5% by weight or less is used. Examples of hydrocarbon distillates that can be used are kerosene, gas oil, spindle oil and light lubricating oil liberations. Colvate distillate with a viscosity of up to 24 centistokes (100 seconds Redwood I) at 60 ° C is preferred.
Det forhallande, vari komponenterna foreligga i den emulgerbara olj an enligt uppfinningen, kan variera mom vissa granser. Mang den i den emulgerbara oljan infort kolvatedestillat uppgar till 50-90 viktprocent, foretradesvis 60-85 viktprocent, annu hellre till 70-85 viktprocent, samt speciellt till 73-78 viktprocent. De mattade eller omattade alif atiska karbonsyrorna och aminoalkoholerna anvandas enligt uppfinningen i ett forhallande av frau 0,9 : 1 till 1,1 : 1. Det foredrages att anvanda syrorna och aminoalkoholerna i ett molart forhallande av 1 : 1. Viktfarhallandet mellan syra och aminalkohol beror darfor pa dessa foreningars molekylarvikt. The ratio in which the components are present in the emulsifiable oil according to the invention may vary within certain limits. The amount of hydrocarbon distillate imported into the emulsifiable oil amounts to 50-90% by weight, preferably 60-85% by weight, more preferably to 70-85% by weight, and especially to 73-78% by weight. The matt or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids and amino alcohols are used according to the invention in a ratio of frau 0.9: 1 to 1.1: 1. It is preferred to use the acids and amino alcohols in a molar ratio of 1: 1. therefore depends on the molecular weight of these compounds.
Mangden nonjonisk emulgator i oljekompositionen (i viktprocent) fir foretradesyis icke storre an summan av viktsprocenten anvand alifatisk karbonsyra och viktprocenten anvand aminoalkohol. The amount of nonionic emulsifier in the oil composition (in weight percent) is not greater than the sum of the weight percent using aliphatic carboxylic acid and the weight percent using amino alcohol.
Mangderna i viktprocent raknat av nonjonisk emulgator, mattad eller omattad alifatisk karbonsyra och aminoalkohol bestammas darfor av de ovan angivna granserna for inbordes forhallanden och av mangden anvant kolvatedestillat. Sa t. ex. bestar en emulgerbar olja enligt uppfinningen av 75 viktdelar edeleanuserad spindelolj a med en viskositet av 7,5 centistokes (45 sekunder Redwood I) vid 60° C och en aromathalt av 5 viktprocent saint innehallande 4 viktdelar kondensationsprodukt av 6 mol etylenoxid och 1 mol nonylfenol, 15 viktdelar oleinsyra och 6 viktdelar dietanolamin. The amounts in% by weight of shaved nonionic emulsifier, matt or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid and amino alcohol are therefore determined by the above limits for inboard conditions and by the amount of hydrocarbon distillate used. In e.g. an emulsifiable oil according to the invention consists of 75 parts by weight of edeleanus spindle oil having a viscosity of 7.5 centistokes (45 seconds Redwood I) at 60 ° C and an aromatic content of 5% by weight of saint containing 4 parts by weight of condensation product of 6 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of nonylphenol. 15 parts by weight of oleic acid and 6 parts by weight of diethanolamine.
Det har ytterligare visat sig, att den spontaneitet, varmed olj an emulgeras, forbattras genom tillsats av ett alkalikarbonat, sarskilt kaliumkarbonat. Alkalikarbonatet infores lampligen i form av en vattenlosning. I oljekompositioner innehallande 50-90 viktprocent kolvateolj a kunna additionart foreligga upp till 4 viktprocent kalimnkarbonat. It has further been found that the spontaneity with which oil is emulsified is improved by the addition of an alkali carbonate, especially potassium carbonate. The alkali carbonate is conveniently introduced in the form of an aqueous solution. In oil compositions containing 50-90% by weight of hydrocarbon oil, up to 4% by weight of potassium carbonate may additionally be present.
Vid anvandande ay den emulgerbara olj an bereder man en emulsion darav i vatten, varvid koncentrationen av olj an är avhangig av tekniska och ekonomiska synpupkter. Emulsionen kan ha en halt av emulgerbar olj a av 1-10 viktprocent, faretradesvis 3-5 viktpro cent. Om onskvart kunna sma mangder preserverande medel, t. ex. bakterieida amnen, sasom metakresol, och antioxidanter tillsattas till emulsionerna. Dessa preserverande amnen kunna inforas i den emulgerbara olj an fore emulgeringen. Om onskvart kan vid beredningen av emulsionen ett kopplingsmedel anvandas, t. ex. en lagre alkohol eller partiell ester av en flervard alkohol, sasom glyceroldioleat. When using the emulsifiable oil, an emulsion thereof is prepared in water, the concentration of the oil being dependent on technical and economic considerations. The emulsion may have an emulsifiable oil content of 1-10% by weight, preferably 3-5% by weight. If desired, small amounts of preservatives, e.g. bacterial substances, such as metacresol, and antioxidants are added to the emulsions. These preservatives can be introduced into the emulsifiable oil prior to emulsification. If desired, a coupling agent can be used in the preparation of the emulsion, e.g. a storage alcohol or partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol dioleate.
De med den emulgerbara oljan enligt uppfinningen framstallda emulsionerna kunna anvandas vid kallbearbetning av stal, stdllegeringar, aluminium, koppar och kopparlegeringar. Vid den efterfoljande varmebehandlingen upphettas metallen i ett icke-oxiderande medium. Detta lian ske exempelvis i en propangasugn eller i en generatorgasugn, i vii-ken den bearbetade metallen befinner sig i en propangas- eller generatorgasatmosfar. Ugnen jamte den dari befintliga bearbetade metallen upphettas langsamt till onskad temperatur, exempelvis under en tid av 3-4 timmar, och sedan denna temperatur vidmakthallits nagon tid, t. ex. 3-1 timmar, far ugnen langsamt svalna, exempelvis under en period av 16 timmar. Det Sr tydligt, att upphettningsoch kylningsperioderna hero pa ugnens storlek och pa bearbetningstemperaturen. For stal och stallegeringar uppgar temperaturen till 650-700° C, for aluminium till 3450° C, far koppar till 370-650° C och for kopparlegeringar till 400-750° C alltefter legeringens sammansattning. The emulsions produced with the emulsifiable oil according to the invention can be used in cold working of steels, steel alloys, aluminum, copper and copper alloys. In the subsequent heat treatment, the metal is heated in a non-oxidizing medium. This line takes place, for example, in a propane gas furnace or in a generator gas furnace, in which the processed metal is in a propane gas or generator gas atmosphere. The furnace together with the processed metal therein is slowly heated to the desired temperature, for example for a period of 3-4 hours, and after this temperature has been maintained for some time, e.g. 3-1 hours, allow the oven to cool slowly, for example over a period of 16 hours. It is clear that the heating and cooling periods depend on the size of the oven and on the processing temperature. For steels and stable alloys the temperature is 650-700 ° C, for aluminum to 3450 ° C, for copper 370-650 ° C and for copper alloys 400-750 ° C depending on the composition of the alloy.
Exempel 1. 6,25 viktdelar av en nonjonisk emulgator erhallen genom att kondensera 6 mol etylenoxid med 1 mol nonylfenol samt 18,75 viktdelar av en blandning av oleinsyra och dietanolamin tillsattes till 75 viktdelar edeleanuserad spindelolj a med en aromathalt av 5 viktprocent och en viskositet av 45 sekunder Redwood I vid 60° C. Blandningen framstalldes genom att blanda oleinsyra och dietanolamin I ett molart forhallande av 1: 1,07 vid en temperatur av 130° C. Example 1. 6.25 parts by weight of a nonionic emulsifier obtained by condensing 6 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of nonylphenol and 18.75 parts by weight of a mixture of oleic acid and diethanolamine were added to 75 parts by weight of edelean spindle oil having an aromatic content of 5% by weight and a viscosity of 45 seconds Redwood I at 60 ° C. The mixture was prepared by mixing oleic acid and diethanolamine I in a molar ratio of 1: 1.07 at a temperature of 130 ° C.
Exempel 2. 4 viktdelar av en nonjonisk emulgator erhallen genom att kondensera 6 mol etylenoxid och 1 mol nonylfenol, 15 viktdelar oleinsyra och 6 viktdelar dietanolamin tillsattes till 75 viktdelar edeleanuserad spindelolj a mcd en aromathalt av 5 viktprocent och en viskositet av 45 sekunder Redwood I yid 60° C. Molara forhallandet mellan oleinsyra och dietanolamin uppgick till 1: 1,07. Example 2. 60 ° C. The molar ratio of oleic acid to diethanolamine was 1: 1.07.
Exempel 3. 14,6 viktdelar raffinerad tallolja, 4,2 viktdeTar dietanolamin och 1 viktdel av en nonjonisk emulgator erhallen genom att kondensera 4,5 mol etylenoxid och 1 mol isooktylfenol 4— — tillsattes till 80,2 viktdelar av en edeleanuserad gasolja med en aromathalt av 7,5 viktprocent. I detta fall uppgick molara forhallandet mellan syra och dietanolamin till 1: 1. Example 3. 14.6 parts by weight of refined tall oil, 4.2 parts by weight of diethanolamine and 1 part by weight of a nonionic emulsifier obtained by condensing 4.5 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of isooctylphenol aromatic content of 7.5% by weight. In this case, the molar ratio of acid to diethanolamine was 1: 1.
Exempel 4. 70,2 viktdelar edeleanuserad spindelolja med en aromathalt av 5 viktprocent och en viskositet av 45 sekunder Redwood I vid 60° G forsattes med fOljande: 3,75 viktdelar av en nonjonisk emulgator erhallen genom att kondensera en blandning ay 1 mol oleylalkohol och 1 mol n-cetylalkohol med 12 mol etylenoxid; en blandning av 14 viktdelar oleinsyra och 6,1 viktdelar dietanolamin, som framstallts genom att blanda komponenterna vid 130° C; 0,95 viktdelar o-fenylfenol, avsedd sasom preserverande medel; samt 5,0 viktdelar ay en 40-procentig losning i vatten av kaliumkarbonat. Example 4. 70.2 parts by weight of edeleanused spindle oil with an aromatic content of 5% by weight and a viscosity of 45 seconds Redwood I at 60 ° G was added as follows: 1 mole of n-cetyl alcohol with 12 moles of ethylene oxide; a mixture of 14 parts by weight of oleic acid and 6.1 parts by weight of diethanolamine, prepared by mixing the components at 130 ° C; 0.95 parts by weight of o-phenylphenol, intended as a preservative; and 5.0 parts by weight of a 40% solution in potassium carbonate water.
Ax de emulgerbara oljekompositionerna enligt exempel 1-4 framstalldes emulsioner med en oljehalt av 5 viktprocent. Dessa emulsioner underkastades det korrosionsprov, som beskrives under nr 125/52T I »Standard Methods for Testing Petroleum and its Products» (The Institute of Petroleum), 18 uppl., februari 1959. Vid detta prov tackes en gjutjarnsplatta med stalspan och emulsion. Efter en kontakttid pa 24 timmar antecknas emulsionens korrosivitet med hjalp av tvâ tal, ay vilka det fOrsta ar ett matt pa den angripna areans storlek och det andra anger intensiteten i angreppet. In addition to the emulsifiable oil compositions of Examples 1-4, emulsions having an oil content of 5% by weight were prepared. These emulsions were subjected to the corrosion test described under No. 125 / 52T in "Standard Methods for Testing Petroleum and its Products" (The Institute of Petroleum), 18th ed. After a contact time of 24 hours, the corrosivity of the emulsion is recorded by means of two numbers, the first of which is a measure of the size of the affected area and the second indicates the intensity of the attack.
Emulsionerna av oljor enligt exempel 1-4 ovan erhollo alla siffervardena 0-0, dvs. angrepp skedda pa mindre an 1/6 av arean och intensiteten var ytterst ringa. The emulsions of oils according to Examples 1-4 above all obtained the numerical values 0-0, i.e. infestations occurred in less than 1/6 of the area and the intensity was extremely low.
Emulsionerna provades i en koncentration av 3,5 viktprocent emulgerbar olja vid valsning, som utfordes enligt foljande: Stalremsor med en bredd av 104 mm kallvalsades under smorjning och kylning med hj alp av emulsionen i ett valsverk med en valsbredd av 400 mm och en valsdiameter av 180 mm. Rada stalremsorna (stal 35 med lag kolhalt innehallande 0,08-0,1 viktprocent kol) med 3 mm ()eh 1 mm tjocklek valsades. I hada fallen uppgick tjockleksreduktionen till 75 pro-cent. Kolstal med en kolhalt av 0,6-0,7 viktprocent valsades darefter i en liknande serie av prov. The emulsions were tested in a concentration of 3.5% by weight of emulsifiable oil during rolling, which is challenged as follows: Steel strips with a width of 104 mm were cold-rolled during lubrication and cooling by means of the emulsion in a rolling mill with a rolling width of 400 mm and a rolling diameter of 180 mm. Row the steel strips (steel with low carbon content containing 0.08-0.1% by weight of carbon) with 3 mm () eh 1 mm thickness was rolled. In all cases, the thickness reduction was 75 percent. Carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.6-0.7% by weight was then rolled in a similar series of samples.
Den valsade remsan upphettades till en temperatur av 700° C i en ugn i en atmosfar av propangas. Efter en upphettningsperiod pa 4 timmar hölls temperaturen vid 700° C under 3 timmar, varpa ugnen lick svalna under en tid av 16 timmar. Efter denna varmebehandling betygsattes ytan pa den valsade remsan efter antalet flaekar. Siffran 0 anger manga svarta flackar och siffran 5 inga flackar eller endast ett fatal knappast synliga sadana. The rolled strip was heated to a temperature of 700 ° C in an oven in an atmosphere of propane gas. After a heating period of 4 hours, the temperature was maintained at 700 ° C for 3 hours, whereupon the oven was allowed to cool for a period of 16 hours. After this heat treatment, the surface of the rolled strip was graded according to the number of flakes. The number 0 indicates many black spots and the number 5 no spots or only a fatal hardly visible ones.
Emulsionen framstalId pd basis av oljan en- ligt exempel 1 lick betygssiffran 5, emulsionen framstalld med olj an enligt exempel 2 betygssiffran 5, emulsionen framstalld med oljan enligt exempel 3 betygssiffran 4 och emulsionen framstalld med oljan enligt exempel 4 betygssiffran 5. The emulsion is prepared on the basis of the oil according to example 1 like the grade 5, the emulsion prepared with oil according to example 2 grade 5, the emulsion prepared with the oil according to example 3 grade 4 and the emulsion prepared with the oil according to example 4 grade 5.
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