SE1451521A1 - Total artificial heart implant - Google Patents

Total artificial heart implant Download PDF

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Publication number
SE1451521A1
SE1451521A1 SE1451521A SE1451521A SE1451521A1 SE 1451521 A1 SE1451521 A1 SE 1451521A1 SE 1451521 A SE1451521 A SE 1451521A SE 1451521 A SE1451521 A SE 1451521A SE 1451521 A1 SE1451521 A1 SE 1451521A1
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SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
cylinder
internal
cylinders
artificial heart
implant according
Prior art date
Application number
SE1451521A
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English (en)
Other versions
SE538251C2 (sv
Inventor
Azad Najar
Original Assignee
Scandinavian Real Heart Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scandinavian Real Heart Ab filed Critical Scandinavian Real Heart Ab
Priority to SE1451521A priority Critical patent/SE538251C2/sv
Priority to CN201580050784.1A priority patent/CN106714863B/zh
Priority to EP15742032.4A priority patent/EP3177335B8/en
Priority to US15/501,491 priority patent/US11123543B2/en
Priority to EP19206601.7A priority patent/EP3622979B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2015/067135 priority patent/WO2016020219A1/en
Publication of SE1451521A1 publication Critical patent/SE1451521A1/sv
Publication of SE538251C2 publication Critical patent/SE538251C2/sv
Priority to US17/395,521 priority patent/US20210361933A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3666—Cardiac or cardiopulmonary bypass, e.g. heart-lung machines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/104—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body
    • A61M60/109—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems
    • A61M60/113—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems in other functional devices, e.g. dialysers or heart-lung machines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/165—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart
    • A61M60/178—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart drawing blood from a ventricle and returning the blood to the arterial system via a cannula external to the ventricle, e.g. left or right ventricular assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/165—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart
    • A61M60/178—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart drawing blood from a ventricle and returning the blood to the arterial system via a cannula external to the ventricle, e.g. left or right ventricular assist devices
    • A61M60/183—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart drawing blood from a ventricle and returning the blood to the arterial system via a cannula external to the ventricle, e.g. left or right ventricular assist devices drawing blood from both ventricles, e.g. bi-ventricular assist devices [BiVAD]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/196—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body replacing the entire heart, e.g. total artificial hearts [TAH]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/247—Positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/253—Positive displacement blood pumps including a displacement member directly acting on the blood
    • A61M60/258—Piston pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/30—Medical purposes thereof other than the enhancement of the cardiac output
    • A61M60/36—Medical purposes thereof other than the enhancement of the cardiac output for specific blood treatment; for specific therapy
    • A61M60/38—Blood oxygenation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/424—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/427—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being hydraulic or pneumatic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/424—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/438—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical
    • A61M60/441—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical generated by an electromotor
    • A61M60/443—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical generated by an electromotor with means converting the rotation into a translational movement of the displacement member
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/424—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/438—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical
    • A61M60/441—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical generated by an electromotor
    • A61M60/443—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical generated by an electromotor with means converting the rotation into a translational movement of the displacement member
    • A61M60/446—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical generated by an electromotor with means converting the rotation into a translational movement of the displacement member the axis of both movements being parallel, e.g. roller screw actuators or cylindrical cam transmissions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/424—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/457—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being magnetic
    • A61M60/462—Electromagnetic force
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/835—Constructional details other than related to driving of positive displacement blood pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/871—Energy supply devices; Converters therefor
    • A61M60/876—Implantable batteries
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/89—Valves
    • A61M60/894—Passive valves, i.e. valves actuated by the blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/89—Valves
    • A61M60/894—Passive valves, i.e. valves actuated by the blood
    • A61M60/896—Passive valves, i.e. valves actuated by the blood having flexible or resilient parts, e.g. flap valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3623—Means for actively controlling temperature of blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/18—General characteristics of the apparatus with alarm
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3368—Temperature
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8206—Internal energy supply devices battery-operated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8237—Charging means
    • A61M2205/8243—Charging means by induction

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

m 13 2G í?-J UI 3G 2 The: .riiajar crarripšicaifioii »af ai! 'th-s išiifæs tciiaiaziiiicšaš hearts muireritiy apgxfcvsd cm the ri-:afkst .is the iairnatiçiiw of bianzi aims which izan caiise siroicas, aiiier ida-images, and aven iïiïzaih wiien they farm iriside vital ørgans cziiiie bociy as siiiiiziisiisms. Ciihær mcimpiicaii?ns :way ha biaæ?irigs and šrifecztiaris. ifiiese cornpiiaations arzisæ aiso whën tha Tfxi?iïë are: iiseii far øniy a shmi ai time as a bridge *wiiæn awaxiiiiwg iiëari iiaiisplaiiiiaiicii.
A iiëaiiiiy iiiiri-iaii iiißarï imrnialty xiiforks ?iiiigsiitiy ariü iiawšiissiy threughaut the lifetime :af a hurnaiz ine-ing -withøiii maiisšrig; any conipiicaiioiis. Thareimra, in izrciei* m» succzsisd in devæiøpirig a: iieiiii :irüstiieisis wiiiicii is abiei in repiace âiwe hiimari hsart. fasiificiai iiaari ia a?iviariiagscfuaiy designad as a hus?man heari.. *Tiwis :vegas âiwaí wa iiiusi urmi?ariaiaiiid exaciiy hciw »the iiumari iiiïfari wüitiaa weii ii-ia çahyæinlicigy and ihe anatamy .sf the. hfsaiï. Name :iii :ina thrii-ïa “iliäifš rniantinnaçaiï aimvæ are ciiirisiixicïed in, acccrdancæ with iiie pisysšiaicigy :and anakrirny m' tiis: naiurai rziirnan heart :ii-iii this iiiay ha why iiona vi tiiase ihreef *YAH is abiæ ti; pernianerwiiy respiaczaf the. iunniicin af the manar: iieaiï. timing; the." iasi iiwfeaæ decaiias tha iëiiawiedga isæhiniïi the fiimsiiiëii as wei! as iiaiw the iiuifiaii heart puivips bin-sd has bear: iiwu?iiiiëd. U?tíi resæiiiiy ii waä izieiiaved that tha haaii iziuinps hissar! .by nieans m* a esqiieezing niøïian ai the vesntricziæ musczieæs, bui iiiis bæiief *was nicxišiiefi afïiiai' Stig Lundbäck aim! oiiiëi' rasearciiærs presented their ræfsëarch rægaiciing 'the Airicveniricuiar (ÄV) piane movement as the izriricipiæ way iaf the haesm m» purnp biczcii tiirøugii the: vesaeifs. 'This (Av?i piarieß iïiøvsinæiit iiiriifis iiíiæ iiiideriyiifig priiicipiæ far* ihe i-ciiài ariiiiæëai heart (Tifäii) inipiani as ?šscšøsed h?reiifi.
SLJMMÅRY (DF THE UXšVENTiON "Tha ciæsign u? the “iczfuf-ciwarfiíïiæræci ariiiiciai heart imizšam as fiffsseribsd i-iæræin is Gonipaifabie: ti: the: anatomy ai 'iiiæ iiaiuraii iieari iiviiicii eriabiæs tiie imir cixa?itiefeçi ariiišciai hsari imgaiani ti: pumç? biami in a simiiai' way ta the natural hia-art As the 'icui?- chanmered :siiii?aiai iiæari. šnigïiiant is som paraäiè ie -iiie riaitiirsi i-ieaii piiysi-riiogicaiiy, eorripiicïiiiøi-is wiiæii the: -inuri-»ciwariwbarsd nießiiairi~šcai iiæari is impianied inside the bcdy afa niinšiniza-iti. in iiräi aspæßi a tuta! ariiiiciai hæafijiriipšaiii aoinprísing at ieast a first ana: :ä sacøriü pumç: inr iritiiiciizg a hi?uci iiøw in a: izaziy-'s vascuiai" systsiix is üissiosed. šzaciw isunip cfimpršsas mini: iippar çhambei” having; .ein iiiieï chaiiiiai :sind ana inwsr chaniber having an cmiiæi ciiaiiriiëi. The ïwn nhambers çsrfesgiunii in: tha airiiinw aiisithe visniricie Qi iiis: :iaturai hæsizi. lå? lå FN) Uï 3 The fifsï and íhæ second pumps are šdentëcaš in their cfzßnzsiruæïšarw an?i ezacêz pump .furiher cøsnprises cr?æ Lspper syïšndær, ana šowßr cyšindær ans-á ana inta-Wai cylšfwcíær. said inïerrvaï cyišrwdaar being; mcxvabšy affsnged insšciæ *ches upgaær and inwer cy-šinfšefrs aná iaešng çærcsvicisd with a val-vä: gatans. “Fhë wzašvæ :ii-ana cmrrespènds m the aïriøxfentršaular' (Avfß pšaràe (Le: ïhæ pšanæ af fibrous iíssue) beætweæn *the atriuf?a anci vëraie?z-:šes a? a 'naturaš h?art; Tha intærnai cytšnciær is arrangea :m tha šfwaixziæ af the: nappar ana imwær cyišnäers sgaclfx :hat tha toa-var pari sf tiws Ligïgper cyiinzier szzrrounršs 'aha Lxpper* hašf of tha šrïï?rnai Gyši?išëf, ëäñd the :myser pari. of 'the šøwær cyâkfwciefr' surrøuzwcia: thai bøttcrm hah* m* tiva inia?rnaí sytíncëaff. The vaive pšafxe is aårrangæä in ihæ 'fni?dtæ sf tha iniarna! cyiinder, such. that ïhe valve :alarm ?š-všdes itne ir?gæf-faaš cyiirwder än twn haäveë, une .uppar hah* and ana loweær iäašf.. "'í"'š“:f;:= upper* hah* of ïhe inïernaí cyiàrwaiez* arm ïfwe 'uppar Gyíšiäw??ï' f?r?w itu-z» :gapar cšwarnšin-:r cørreaspcsrwci ia: an atršum ef tfxæ naiuraï heart. ançi the âcwer paït m* thê irlíeërrzaš cyišndesr and tha šøwær cyišrw?ier farm :ha fewer shambær ar?aš cürsfaspsand m a ventršcëa of the: naturaš heaït.
Thæ intesrsxaš cyiíirwües* with tha vaivs påsarna» is :nnüaïzšy arranged inside t?a Lzppsr and Eawesï cyiinders such-that when the intezrnai syišrwder :waøvefrs in an asgaward ciéractiøn further irxto the uppåt* nyíšnüeaf, a. vašva grøvidad in the 'vašve gíaf?e ES än an apan pnsitšon aälçzwing a fïøw :sf hånad item the uppar' chan?bæ? m. the knwef nhamber, arm when 'chas- intfssrnai .c išmäer rama-es m a døwnward direction furtfïer into the iøwes* svšindef* thë vaêvë is in tha Y . ciosæd pnsštèan eiscting bšcadÅ from the šcxwes* ehanwbaz* thmugh the nutšei. cmannei.. Tha valves prøvšded än mä» vahfe» pianas mf each grssarnp» carrespønd ta: the rfaitrai vaâve an ma left cwfihæ fwatufwaš haart and âhe tršcuspšd vašvæ. ~cn tha ràgïwt sida “ïø a?hševa an affective pumçaing fufaßiânrn Q? ihß føur-ciwambærecài hez-:xz? it is æssæntíaš theai 'cha inteïwwai cylinder :waves in a ieskvfreæ x-?änrzez* :âuring its ¶n1ovemæn?' irææšdæ thæfupper and iøwer sylinders. "The fit-tång af the inïernai cyšinder insicië the Lzçßpaz' afwd fewer cyšinderâ away ba: made Iesak=~frææ by prcßviciirwg the šnsside f? ti-“zea upgzer amš Efawec* cšwazswwbærï: wiïh a *?æxšbše šínirzg :nateriaš madæ fram piasïšu Qrürubbsr.. "ïha flexštnše iinirxg mafreršai is acivantagesousviy :nada fram a ?šøconwpaiihiæ nxaïeriai íikæ sïíišcorze; peíyshireiijwane av a?øthar biomørrapatišzie matëriaš.
“Ta achiæve an affective ancå enargy efficient Ügaßsratáorw of the: šouræhambered heæm, it is æssæratiz-st frmá tim ifïterswaš cyširæ?ief- :moves än a všrtualty friczïiozviæss manner. 'The outar' wa?s a? the intërnat :xyšírï-tåßaar se; wa!! as the inner waíiß m* the uppar .and ißwfsr :zyiíndars are :zrfsfeffatæäy gßrczvšdæd with gšidlšng surfaßes\ Tha Qíidšrag surfafzess: are aüvaniageuazsiy :nada 2G 4 fr-'Qfrà a Geërašrršr: rrraièršäl, tštaéwírsrnr steei, tarbøn fíbar nr any säkrar rnatreriaë that wišïl azwazbše the šnïernaš cg-fíirrråææ m rrr?ve insirírs the ugïrpær arm iowær* cylšrrcisrs än am eëssërztiaxišy feeêß grid frirciäørvíree rrrairwrwerf.
The :suïiet marina? is prøvšdsd wšth an Qutšei rræive ta prevent the return m' bšøøcí back in fr: the: lower Ghanmerafter the ia-iarød has trean æjected tP-:rmrgri trre orsïtet cšrzarzneš. Snrch :surfat :anamma corresnarwd fc» rhæ arsrššc vaivæ and tha prršrnonary varva respec?veiy var tha naturaš haarï..
The b?itüm part' crf the iswer' crwazrxíxer' at* the? fnur ahanwbæred _srtífšcšarä .heart írfwgzšant is: acïvarxiasgzßarasšy dæsšgneec! kr: rzave :a :shape *kårar .is sirwiiar ter the anatnrrríc sïnape af 'såre- væntrictes in im: naturaš rreart. The 'veratriciaæs crf the naâuraxš has-art hava an šntærnat ciësšggrw wrršcš: ërrrabies :fira bioørš to rzïii a, šiopgsirxg ai :ha šeaxfæå Qš ïhæ agßërxr beføre äeavšrrg the venftricšeraæ. Ai tha inratani m* šxiïtšrxg tha. sr-.ta?çrifïg siurface, im šršrrretšc energy stured in the ñøwërwg blucd íz? før a snart rnarrrænt rrarrsrnittecí' ter *the hæarí: anrfi rharaafter iransmšttßd kïßaak to thfe tvänne! whæn the: :iirfectiofr :af-tha ficaw rxaå czrmangeci. Trris kär-rem: enærgy' e?abies we tffšcsod tr:- isave the heart thfnugh thë inrtšet vafves of *the ventricšes and Venter the :magar artæršæs, in ordrar to sšrnrzšaïe írre- shape sf a naturäi rræart the boiïcm part :rf the šcrwer shamber is prevšderi with a bagdškæ design. Tha bageiške design mimšas :ha ciæsšgn afïhe :xpex of a naturaí hæart such tlrrai at the bczftmn m* tha charrrbær' the bšøod *finw cnmss to a sudršen» amp and changes cäïírecišnn abrrrgatty. The-reafter .íhe hämnd csnàšnues min the Qutšat channrii and srrbseqrrenišy' passar; ihrqugrw the øutiët varva sind inte the aršeries.
The arcëss seem-x af' tha bagiikæ çrorticnn atrïhæ baitam gïrart rn* äre iøwaër' shambær' advantagemrsiy has; triangušar shzïzßæ; When used hærein ihfe terrn tfšarrgufar æharßä* rmrrwpràsraar rnødšfied trianguiar* shæpæs: ärr çrartšeuiar *crhapæs having rarrrwáed anfrfërs and præfarabily s-äigrxïiy nuwæü sšcies. A trianguiar* .fshapæ ærzahies an nptšmai ftow a? the biamci after entæríng the inwer $šwa,zw1b@rttrroargh vašvë šcicaâæri in the: vaiv?f š?šane n? the šnàsrnai cyiinder and :vä-ärm ii cørwtšr?uæs šntø the bag+§š§<æ portar: m" the law/rer c?iëan?brar, and ihareafter” Emir; tha øuïšet channæš. As in a' naturai hear-i, sa triangutar sifzaped nrïassfsefscïicsrw ffacziišiaïes tha fnrmatšøn af severai channeâs šnsšdë tha caxrity m' the šawrægr crrarrrbær to aššow the ßkmd w hä: rsïøppirwg surfaca ai ine ïxøttram part 01* thæ trrag-»šika shapß in rrxre iewer* f:r1~a:rr:ï;>er' fr-mrx dšfferærwt arrgies bafnra it ahanges fširecïion exëis ihrøugš: -the arstíet chansa. The crfusæsecíšun m* the nagfiišsa shapa at, tha bniturn part :af tha Eawer fxhaänwber' rnay arsa rraveæ an avraš srrapë fira aírcušár* str-apa. 24,4. i' '4 h) TV L-'Yz Bi) 5 Tkxë: uçvvøarü and dawnward nwoxfemanà m* ïšxæ i?tæfnai cyšináef* away ativanâageausiy ha ræašizeci iny maans e? :a aifšvšfïg Gyššndsr gravid-sad Wim an íniæmal-screw thresazi azrr-angëd m cnoåperaate with :än exïæxifwai '?hreacçi prøvizisd :m tilwæ antar surface :af thæ inïæmaš cyiinciæf: Tämä drivšngg; cyšindaf ancircïæs the internal eyäirwdæër sasch *thai »Wien the: airivíng cyiinder røtzaïæs, es camperatšve arrangemefwï bëtwæen the *šnïærnaš scâew ifwfæad nn the ínsšdeàwallš of the :šrwšng csyíífwöex' and tha sxïamai screw ihrea?i gr: tha amster surfarß ef 'tha interna! cyiináe-x; enataies :a iínear up» :and dcfsvfw-»rvzczvfarraærxt m' the šrwíerfzaš syfíncšer irxs-šcí?ë time nappar and iawsrcyišnde-rs, and tñe punmšng acïšcßn m* åhæ pump. The upwsrci of dcwnwarü nwcavaæfïxaænt áaçßzands an xfszheihef tha fæïatiøns-:i rnavefnærwt a? the cirivirxg cyiir?daër* än aišfaz?l?v~wxfss m' s: aourzteu* ciockfwšse xzišrecïian.
Tš?e ç?unïping actíøn (Le, the-iinaar mGvem-erwï mi' rhef: inierswaä cyišncšesr in an ußward .and »?šnwnwxëxrá rraczverfaarxt- insida the ugxpæz* am šczwer cgftirïdesræ) rnay be afzmzzrmgixššshad by :means mf :ans car mars eiactraswweašwanicaš møïørs which airàveà the :irívšng eylinüer.
The aieäctrømechanišcaš *mntnr is aüvarxïageüusây ñarfwiaš?eá wäíh s :matar cøgwheez?š Mxích is connectecí *fc a røïaišng axšs csfthe :aiex?trørneßrsšwsrviißal runkar.- The :nator cogwheeë is arrafwgëzd Åiø ïco?parateë with av: exiernai cngwi?-æeí provided en the matar surfase m' "the driving ayširwderi, :auch ïhat whsn tha æšs-câgfanwæchanšmai main: rnšaíea tha 'rn?tar cogwhaeš; said matar cagwheai ccmperaïes with tñe eëïxtsrrwal cøgwhægi an the driving czyiirwdaær a?d røtaatezs 'íha driving; cyišnder. The :ï-øtatia?rxaš r?fzsviefä?eiwí 'mf tšwe driving syiinder leads *se s llšrwear up» m* dnwx? :raovernezät of tha internal cyiiaï?šær a rfesušt m? ma. 'firsï caepßerative arrangen?ærxt hætwæen the íntsrnaí änfi faxtërrzai 'screw tš?reaäs. Qepæ-'ncišng en whæíhær the æiecàranwíschazäifiai matar äs øperatënïi m' ïhë: cicwkwêše er c-øuw?ïer ciockwisezv dšreasstizzræ, th?æ inïernaš Gyššndsx' wših its vaive píane» nfeaxffes iànëezršy' dnwnwarcíå arxcå furtñef' irwfiø tšwæ šswei* syširs?ier car :Jpwards further' inte tha upper çyišnáer: in ana ernbndifnent fana sëngšæ æšezfztfßrïxsciwanšcaal matar :may operatæ .Lwath the: first and. aecond punwps, ïngæihar. This :fxearzs ïhat :ans sinfgiæ æšectrømechanicaš :natur Qpërates the »drixfirzg cyširwdærs før âhe fërsi asad ihe secnncâ paimçzs in a. ?rst-cšireectiaßn, :ha ciøckwisæ dàšræcztšarï aançi ihesræafïer switchss io Qperaíe the, cšrhsing cyiín?ers fear ina both pmm ps in the opçxæšte diræctšan, äs. tha cøuntax' ctøckwise ciirectšQ-n; Tha eæäecira?nwë?niwanicaä :natur aiternates: tmmvesn the ?r?t ancå sæcø?ti :íirecztiarxs k: creaiæ the grßun-:pírxg actínn of the irxíafrx-aš syiíndars.
Aštemafšveiy, twn atectrornæchaniçaš rn?ters pmvicše? vvhicziw each may :apwëratfië :me purnp. This» rneaxräs *ëhaï a fširåï ašëefzïrxgzxïze-sha?šcaï ímntur ügæraíes the* first driving cylinder än ïha ššrsí purräiç? in .tzath ïhe sløckwisë and cczuntær clockwise cišræctânns and a .sæszcmd år! lü 39 å eisfcïrnswwechavwicaš nàïateir ugzæfates thë ssatonzi :šrivíng cyiâncšær in the secønci çzgxnm ašsø in both ?íirectšøns. H?vxfëvær. tfma first amzi :sæcønd ?šecïrønzaa?šïar?:šcseaš rrsswfs :mä advarztägsuusšy* ccaqpšeaå ta each :mar ~ešs~ciršæalšy and ihereby syrx-cåhfnswšzæä ta retaïæ hnih driving cyširwdærs sšrfmitarsæøusšy in tha :sam-fe dšræ?tšorw and at ïma së-arne: væša-rzäty.. The esšectrærrxeczharxšc?ai rfrsotøræs aitsrnate befxwèërz 'ïhë cEcr-:kwise arm munkar cicuizkwiss dšræctiøns tf: eærxabša the uçrfanå dawn rncwenvænt of tha ånternaš ayiirïders. Both purnps move at, ikna» ssz-:fnæ speeæzí. in a furihær' enïboziâæ?ení two different æšamtrømecharwicaš :notnrs :way accompëšsh the pumçïfšrwg acáäøn, whefæin each m' the eiectrnmechanícaa! møïors is aenrxecft??á to bath .purwps. åïizacf: nine: of the: stæfz-tršeal :rïatars æpæraïas tha driving aylšxwdsrs af both pumps amy in Qna dšraatierx. A firzët ešeëctrmnssfxanicai matar røtatæs "the :írivirxg cyiirxcïers- n? šzøâiä purnp-s in -a fis-rst' ciíreciíon, arm! a sesnnd sêæftärcfmachanšcal n?mtor rtatatæs thæ ürivirwg cyšindærs m” bath pumps in the epposiïæ zíiræczïirarw., m this; embocziinxszent the twn ælæßiremeazñexnilcaï ?xatærs will aiterïnate* 'their üpæraiíox?s, La when -âhe fšrst ešectrafnecfxa?tcai matar Qpæraïæs 'ms sænnnë ešæmtramæchaxnšca! matar ræsïsí amfå Visa* in arisatšëiëzrvernïacacíifnerwï the upwar? and downward :wmverwxefwt n? the íntarnaš cyiin?ær :way be rsašizæä by .means ef sïaïor syiinciferfwiïšch encirsêes the irxiærrzaš cyiirx?iær, Thea sïaïor :yåâšndaaf- is pwfoviáecá with a? šnïernaï sarew thraax? arranged ica cøcperate wštš-x an eäéiaërrsaš screw iärsad provicšezi' nn ina interrxai ßytindar, caøperative- arranga-z-merni enabieëa tha intæmai nytâncier in fvxgva šinearfïy up and dawn inside the Lsppex* and šawær cyâíníiars, in ørwe amtfaffišmsrwt he upper cyšincšæræ ancš Enwssr cylinäærs in aaah pump may be sannact?d ancâ form (me: æï-sxtfsnwai aytindær ins-ide which 'tha inïernaš cyširxcšæz- š?as mevaàše- in an ugw a?cš dnwr: møvæf?ezwt. in a fufihærerhbøciimeni the: ugzwafd and fiøwrzwayïví rnovemeni üfvthe _inïe=¿>-rnai cyii?cšæf :way tzae reaiizæ?i by maanä a? az pw?ïrudírwg ÅfIar-xge çsrcaví?iëzi av: ïtšfze šnïarna! cgfširwciær arranged tt: cøopwats with an ešeatrofnechaaašcsi nwsím prøvidæd with, a :ê-:zxææw axts. Tha fiang§ is fittæd with a høše: prøvkfled wíïh an šrwfiærnai :thread inta: which the screw is thræaded. vvhen the eieàiramecharwicaš møïm* rcíates tha scraw axis, tha aøagæeraiivà arrsngernarwt beïwsffsn *tha saraw axia and tha ihræaded haie in the fiange ænsbïea the internai cyššnaåær ta mfzwe iín?arty up anci dawn insš?šæ 'íha upmar and l?wer cylšnciers.. h* the upper and iawer cyiindarâ are fmmwæczïeai, ïhë: internal Qyšincier may rnavæ in e: širïear un» and down movement inside. “the exte?rwai ayširxder.. l Ü Ii. å ba? b? “i än :me afnfzbaxiiá?ïæeiwt aux-ae sirxgšæ ællectrczrzwacšwanicaš zwcïnr' away be prcvšded wštš: a screvv axšs which caæperaïas with :nine sângšfe ïsfczïruáing; which ia connæß?fa-d ta the iniernaí cyiifæciars m* bath the first para-up aïäö Åthfis ä-.e?zo-'rïcš pxxrnp. “The amæ eiecirør?eaæšzanšcaš :nom øpærstæs sašü :una prøïruäirxg ftarwgæ anci theraby bath interna! cyišnäars sšnwuitaneæaxsiy and at the same vašcmiây in a fšrst ciíre-cïšon and thsreæafïæf' in secørzë cííræctíøf? :wppcasštæ m. tha fšrsï cišrscšíon.
Thetøts! arišficša! havañ šmpšazät .fnay aiïs-rræatšvaig» cammšse two diffæreni a-:Eæctrernaczhasrxšcai n-xxtsfs aa?ïæ gafrçxvikàlefí with :a axšs, whereifw the first slacirnmenhzani?zaš manar fzpsratss a firsà pratrucšíng fizznge whâícix š's.conr1§§cied io the izatarswat csyiiswder m' the: íârst punwp and thæ ë?ëccrrd ïašactrïaæfr?ecïaazëicat rírmïør aagifærates-Ia second pratrudšng flange whšah is aznrnwæaïeëd m the interna! cyiirxdær af :ha aaconaš gnunwp, saš? fits-i ancí sefzon? æšæstrameschz-:rxiraš matar-rs :sparsam said ?rsí ancš secøxw?fcí irxterfwaš cyiiazädev-'s ssšïiëirateíy, but simuttasäæøusšy in the serna síšrec?tíorw anfi st tha same: veicmíty.
*Tïäeë tczïaš arišïšcâai hem ímplant away aäsn cømprisæ twç: æiectmmïaëcšxexræicali :noâcffs wherašn' aaah ßtectrzvrwxsaïïwia:fsiaaš rustar iæprcvšcšed with a scraw am which cca-opsfates wïih ane- prnïrnuríing fianggæ, eawßh prøimcïišrwg :fïarxga hæšng scmnecied m hothínàærnai cyiinfiers. “ïiwe firs-?, eæiëctrmnecšxaswícal matar aperates fixar: wøtrutiäng. fïanga än a first a?recâiuzä, said gïrtafrudíïzg fíange i$ convzeaied in the: ärmarna! cylinfåars :vf h?th im firat arïd tha :nämnd pzysr?ps? and the ?æcsønti æšectforn?cïfxëxn-šsa! møtçzr apefaiæs a secfmsï prøirnlüi?sg fiange in a semmi cširectían whíah is øppøsšte in: tiwe?fârsí ziirsctšosï, said secønd prciruäirzg ftarxgë ia: aiso smxnfscïaafi to. tina iniaarnaš cyiincšærs of tama ïhe 'first and ïhe secnnd punwgas in :ms embødïrnæni the: twø alectrmzwachanica! .nicwrs wšii aïtærrwate íruseir opsraíiorzs. when the fàrsï e-iecïrnfnæcïwsnšcaš rnsïar csparates ïhe secønai e-:i?-acirczmec?ï-:rwšcai n-mïøf fästs. :mä vicë “Uvs ugëmnará and :iawezwarci nwmvemeni n? the intemaš syiindar :may aiss ha resëizæxí by rneanæ m* a hydraušis ayišfïäervearraänge? m c?ïsçßæ-rate with a gsmtrudirxg 'ïšange connected h: the íntemai cyšintïar, saici ?aapszfatâve ar-rangærment smaka-les the ärmarna! syiinciear in: :ncavæ iinearriy up and dawn šnaidæ the upgzar arm; Eowær syiirxdæfs.. if the upgef* and iowër' cyàšrsciszs are: ccmwæçâeci, the šnternaš çyšin?iæf may mfç-vë är: iinaaf up» and dawn movement inside :ha exâærrxgai syšinz-:i?fz Tha mia! arïificàali hsart ífrniatarxt rrsay comyøršse c?rxíy uns hy?irauišs cyiinäer, xwharešn saifi hydraušic cyíšndar ogäæäate=s une pratrucišng fšange which m?nnectffzçi ta :ha intíernaš aylindexfsa: of mit: pasrvxças, saitå hyådrzamslic: cyíïrxder üçæærates ï?e í?ritezfrzaš cyiifzdaërs Uf? 1G 15 EI) 25 3G S sifrmââëænaëuæšy än a first d-irectiorw aim! thæfsañær in a: secøhd díræßiícan whicšx àä nppcasšiæ m the first cïšreiciâorw..
Tin: mtaš a-rííficiaš heart inwpíawwi nway ašsn- :mrnçarise twin hydrauišc cyširwafiara whergir: tha first hycïraa?ic ayhndar øpæratas a first; pr?tfzsaíiæwg šlarzgeë wbša?i: is conrzectaü in tha mtamaš cytànciers af bath tha first anii än: sæaccïsnci gaunaps in fšrssi dàræsâim. amsí the :šacerzzi hyciraulic: uyiincšæ-'r øpezfatea a Sesam! prøtnaciërwg ?arzge whš?h is scmnëcïeü in: ihe irwisrwzaš syiíniiars of bath *ma ?fst and tha seßond painïäpa in a sacnnd dšrfectiaew which is fappamšteÅ m» the fšrsí" üiræntiafx, in ïhšs enïb?dinwës?t 'the wc» šwydraušëic :sylinders wšli aitæfnatæ iâhefir Qgmer-*aïiczifw-s, whan tha fšrsï fwcšrauíšm mo-'mr nperates the s?ëafaxn?i hycirax?ic :nom am: vice: varm.
Tiwe iaïai artšfšsiai heart impiazïï r?ay aviïàërr?aïëvesiy aüx^rwpršsæ twø i?ydrauiic :zyäífïmïarå whsrain the fšrsâ hydrsuššc cyišndef Qmaraiæs a fšrst práïrnsdšrxg fiangs which is :zmrwr?ecïed ti: à?æ :rriezrnaš cyšifwcšærs of iha first punm and ïha sæsåønd šxycirafuiic cyåindea' øpærates a sæcønci prctmdšrwg f§ar§g§§ which äs c?nnacztæcš te 'me intz-ærrwai øyšincfšet' en* tha» äaczeraii pazmçvš said first srzfzi sec?smí ?ycšrïaulíc fïykindare nperfaia said fširåí and 'sèfzørzd irxterÅrxaš syišrwders Vseparaiely, šzut' simuítsneuusšy in the samë: ciiræctiün and at ihe sarne ve-šncšiy; säzïza?f øsëscæææ?faøw si* THEA ü?xxwz?aëšâ Figznwg 13 :s a crzzss sactiøwai viæw of an arïšfíciàaï ineart irnpianï as described herem.
Figfkiræ 2 is a crsss sæetiunaš view sf an arišficiai heart ilmpiant fiüßá wših afíexihíe išnirwg :?aíëšrí a! _ Figure 3 sifmws the šzšnad šiow mat 'tha bagäike shapeci m* tha løwesw chavnäas* 'sn the: uutiet channeí. and Fígufæs íía?z: :šhßw aiíffæranï advantagæøus stram :æeactí?xs?ai ?hapss af ïha 'bagwiks shaæçse u? ïkxe šnwsr chamberi Figuræ 4 iæ 3 cfmss sëatíofïal view of the artifinšai haafjt when fšttaci with nam æäešçztrøfnechazwïca! nzcztssrs..
Figuæ-'æ få šfs a vifsw n? the artifšciai ?aariwhexï fštiæd with øns-:ëiæa?tfnmæchaxwïcaí niaiør, Fšgure E» is a fiæiaišed view* (ff how the eísstrøsnecharsicaš :natur arrange-zd .ta cmapsmzïë vsfith ïhe :irívšng cyšir-:ciær anä the ínterrwai syiiriwcier.
Figure ? is a cross seczíšnnai view :sf the artifšsiai hear: when íštted Wim a Sïäï?f Gyšifwlëëfï. l? 2G 1.4» åñ 3G 9 Figure S is a dætaiiëci view af høw the stam cylínxier is affssnga? ta cøapiaraia- with tha ânïsßffwai eyiivrïüer.
Figur-a Q a. :rasa sectímwaš view m* the artšfšcial haarï whzsn fšít?á wšth tæva æš?ßârnnzechaxïicaš nwatms pravidætš with screw axss, Figure 'w is aa viæw u? the artšficša! heart when fiïtssci with an aïsstrarfxechaarëiczal ?fmtor pfnvšcied with screvv ans.
Fšguræ H äs a view af tha afilšficšaš heßart when fiited with ana hydrauiír: nyëirxdëzr.
Fšgurs "52 is: crcääs sesíïçzr?ai view* fi? išwæ, aëf-rificša! hæfarå whær?aifw thai internal cylincšær :nøvßs Lspward-'s šrzia àhe uppar sytincier iašøíød fiøws from ïhæ :ap-mr cšïazïxí?zarr 'thraugšw the »vašve in ïheïf vašve pix-ana and min the Eowez' sšwanníßër.
Fggura 113 55: a Grass sæcííørzaš view m* ïšæ artificiæ šweari -whara-in the íntarrwfa! cyiincíer :wave-as inte: the lower cylinder and bšfsmí is eiæctefsai ftnm thaš?vger' aharwbsf- thr?ugïx' the nutšet sšwamnai.
Figure Ma äs :a viæw :af the aüšfšsišat hsßarí whsn 'fiiiesd ævith an eieacírfss?æcšïz-:xnical møiøï prcaviciaü wiêfw; scrïæw axis xafä?xevešf? ths upg?ex' and šuwßsr syššndars are connected to farm ana external cyiíndar.
Figure: *irššn is a všew of the artiíicšaš hæari whærw fšï?e? with om hyáfsušic cyiirzdæf' whefe-irx the uppær ami šøwer cyilinderæ ara cørwnected w form ena æxtarxwa! cyiindar, ÜEETAELEÜ .ÛESCRIFITKÉJN .An artiïicäai .mast i-mpiïa?t 1 having fam* charrzbers is discïosæd in Figure t, Thlefcur* chambers nxssz-ahanšcai heart cammtsæs *two pun1ps,fírs=ïpurnp 2 and à semænd p-mïm Lä, The first amí the seczfm?í pamwps -are šdentšaai år: their cansírustšør: and each pump cømprâzëzes än uppar cyiíndær fi, and a iowef cyiinciær ii :än intærnai cyiirxdesr' 8- is .arraafzgesi :an the šnsiïdæ af tim uppseravnzi tower cyišnäars 4, sazsh thai the Eswër part :rf í-ña uppsr myiínder 4 surrnuncis. tha uppaf haiï of íhæ iniëfnaal cyiin?æx' ö, and ine upper çzarí a? the iowarsyii?câsr 5 äurriøuf?cšsišwæ mwer* hah* nä* *the intærnal ayišnfïier .Å vaive piane- “ï is arrangæd 'in ihæ wxidciëe m" the irzïaafnai, cyiíniíar å, auch. thai the vašxfe planæ? :iivid?š?zš tm šf?te-zrrz-f-:š :zyšínaíezr Ei in iwø haivf?s, ans upçiar* hatf *and ana êøwær half, Tha upper cyíirwáer :i is ccmwectafí to an Lzppar cøver and ïøgæihar wšti-s the upper haíf n? me intærnaê cyššrmëæër 6 ïhëzy fam an zmpeï chambèx' 9 whšsh corræsgäanzïis m af: aïrixffn ef? 5 3D h? (Ii 'iii tive;- iiaïiirai iieafi. The uni-Jeff* czfsver 8 is çiirøviciæri wiih an inlat :rhannai iíiwhiøh aiiaws bšeød. ti: siiier iiie uppar cbanvbeif å.
Tiië: iciwær cylinder š is cenneciceci if: a iæwær' envar ii arici ïøgæiizar with -ihe iøwei* han* si” tiiæ iniærnai cyiinder 63 ihsy farm :i iciwer' chamhæri ”i wiiicii cczrrssgi?ønci ia a veniricie :if thai rwatiirai iiæarti. Tine iøwaëi* save-ar ii is prmfided anfii-ii an eutiet ciianriæi 13 wiiich aiiowss bicmiic: æxii. tiífe iøwei* siiamiaesi* 13 A vaivß 14 is arrangaai in ma: vaive: piane F* beixßziaëæn iiie iiçgfxeër aiiaiwiàßeai' *à and ichia ioxfve-i* cheirnber 12 -wiiisiw cnr'respoi'ids in ïiie tricuspici vaiise of' the iriiirai vaivre Ciaperitiirig ai: wheiïiier it is iøcaied in a giumgs »which acis in iime piiišnønary sircuit m* in a piifnp which sats in the syatemic ßšrnuii.
Tim inšærnai cyšincšær få with the vaive piane f? riiüvsbšy äffàngsü iiiåisïie the 'uiziper and imivef' cyiiridsrs å., 5 sufzii that a pufnping action is creaiæ?! when the iriiærriaai syiiiider 6 witi-i äts vašve plana ï' :fnqves iinæariy än tim cinsxinwarä :iireçtímn fiirâhër inta the iøwei* cyiinëei* 5 and in 'ziiæ Lipwarci zziirxaëctiøri fiiriiiçar ini? 'tha iippar cyiiiwciær ii, Wiiæri the internai ayiânder 8 movss in ihe upwafd :iirecticari ai-id iuvrïiiai* iiiïo the uppai* isyiirider 1%, the xfaive- 14 iccaiïëå in the vaiwe p-iana ZF, øpens Lip am bland ficzws fram ïiië: uppear charnåser 9 thrøugii the. vaivæ 34 :and inte time; iawëßr nšiambef *iïš Wiian the šritarnai cyiiridër' #33 riicivess in iiië dicwnward ciireciian and iiirthei' iriiö the êøwer ciiaivibai' 12, the vaiva iii cicses ansš the bíøocï cøiieæciæci in the iawær cham?ber iiï :aut ïhrcaiugii the nuàiat chaxnnei 13. ii is thus tim upwarci ami cinwnwarci rfncvemenis Gi' .the intern-ai CyiinQsiWÉ »with itsvaivs piama i' which create tšiæ piirripingi iiiiiutiøn ai tina fninwaiiainbered ariificiz-zí hasar: imißianii TG aciiisve :in effective anti enkaigy saying puriipšrig iurwcïiczw før the: føuwciiaiifibere?i aiiifšcisi haari iiwpianà the iiiiarziai cyiinziei* 6 niiisi nimve in :a ieakifræß mfiaii a friciiør» iæsis mannar :tii?ifing its riiøsreriierii irisi?is the upper and iüwer cyiii-itziers* fi! å.
Adxiantageëusiy iiiš Quiet' wait mifišhe. intarnai cyiincierü as wæiš as tim inner waišs sf tha iiiicigieë?r små inwer ayiinders fi, 5 gzrnviiïíad with giiciing suiiaces which ensbis the iri-*iarriai syiindef få to mcivæ with iiigh prscisian in a virtuaiiy ificiiøn- aiici iæaißiiieæ inanmar. The giizziing; surfaices .are aaivaiiiagazziisšy madwe šrrcmi sig. a cærariiic friaterial., ïitaniiifri, sieei. csfbøii fiber :sr ai-iy etixef rnaiæršaš thai wiii isinabiæ tha iintefrnai nyiinder få in rnøire inside iha upper anci iowær cyiiii?ieræ fi, 5 in ar: ezsašæntiašiy iseiši» and fršciinniárieæi riianner, The: fiitiiig af tha .iriiæfiiai cyiindær' ? šrisidë the, juppëir :sr-uti lower Cylinda-s 4, 5 may aisø ice maciæ šëaišfffæe by prøviaiisig tiíë iriaisíë :if iiis uppær and inwer izhsfmbiers 9, iii! with fšexštwié iining maïëfriai *IS niacše fram piastic nr rubber (sea Figur? å). in “tiie uppaf Qiiamber 9 ine iinirig inaiæriaš 'i? amaniis fram the vaive 14 in ïhæ vaive gwians 7 arid is _15 15 FU Ü .EQ *H cænnfßcïeæd ti: an üpgaezfjalrxctifaïw 15» bstvveerw :fas Lsppar' Cylinda* 4 and *ma aspper :svar S, :säd in :ha iøwer charmar 12,. the iinšng naaïæriaš "iåš ëxiærïcås fmrn the: vai-we M sf 'zhæ vf-xšve pšane 3? and is ßcrznessïesnà in e: tax/ver juncïåøzf: i? betwëefw tha wwer çyiínsšeuf- and the mw?sr manér 11: Tlhe maieršaš m? ïiwë: fisxibia ïíninQ rnaïarršal 115 is a?vantagaenßsiy macše fru-rn a šsšøz?anxšçaíibie maieria.»š tik-ae siäicøne, "pniyuræïi?aázwæ m' arwøtšxef äašacsnwpaíšbšæ 'n-sateriai.
Advantagamzxsfy, the :zrifícæ sf the šníæt (thann-s! 15 is provšdæå *with :an 'mkëft czuñ* ïâ :ieaäigrxïd in hur-z» Qanmßfzte?i k: either the systemicz- vßššxws of tha systemíf; cärcuit. m* ïhe pušmøzwasy væàfws fran: the pušmasaary czircuït; TM ârxiet cu? "ïêš prafaraiaäy »nade fran-x e: _i:>i<>c<>m patmíæ rnaíe bicscae?gzai-ibië :nateriaš such as pisst-ic, fubšnfer of metai, siiifïc?ras. 'pciyz?rætharwa-æ., tiïaníaxm, steæi of any .came-ær tziosampaiit?åæ mateaßriašs..
The ?utIe-ï channel 13 fram the icuver- fzharnbær "ïíà icacatsd in itne iower envar 11 is aaàvarxtagecassiy przfizví?šëæaå with sm cutšeï vaive '29 in the nasïurai hlsärï. The målet vašvë 19% wii; psfeverzi the» :fæturrx sf bšørzad back än in ihe Eøwær cåwaxïwbær 12 añærthe hkscf? twas been aiecïad through ine cazílet shannei The kmttørn parí Qi the lewar æšfzafnb?ar' 32: (ia the šmwsësr sover 11) is advanfageausly' cšasigned ica have a shape: that is sämišaf' to the anatafnšc shapæ mftixe ventrâsàæs fm :ha :äataxïæšl hæaft. in the faurmhambarea? z-mvifšciaš heart inwplant the battmm parí ef :the iQwsa-r ?rzarvziaer' 12, ifs. tha iawer cover H has a bsg-šäks shag?e 2G designas! in mimšm ihe .inàernai shape a? :ha værïirâczšs in a naturaš heart (see Figure 3) Thea blund, ?:>w_(Arirow} »vtwich passes fran? the upper' chanwtzwær Q thrsugh the vatve 14 inte the ïøwar ahanwtzar* 12, hits a stzçsppizwg surface 21 at the: .battem gaañ af tha bagiike shape ëí) and cnmæa: m a sudcšfen sï?ça, at wïæšßrw the ftcsw ci?arxges ifs dšrectšen abrupßtiy and snntinues sšorwg the autšai channæi 13 ana! subsæquarztšy passes tnrgnggh the ßmtisït vaivë: 159. The nrass sæctšm :af :ha bagh-like shape 2G at tha bøïiafn çarf a-f ?he» loxfver mhar?her 12 (Le, the lcwær stavar TU azívantaægefnazsty havs a iriarxggslar sšaaps (see Figura 3:a) to enat-nås an Qågxtërnaš fâøw ef twšøaci fr?ns tha Eawar nhannbe-r 12 inåt: *the cæaxtiæßí charmeå 13.,Aæi:waf1atLs_rai heart, the? 'tríanguxšar shaçfæei Grass secâšøn facišitatæs the fnrrnatiar? n? ?avv charmels» šnsicše tha :rzavíty af the: šmwsr mhanmær, auch that hmm :mil arršve fran: .üiffßmnï angässs at íhê stoçapix-'æg surface 21 sf the íaaçstii?e shape 20! stup? change :iirectiøn erxtër ïE-:g :anti-st fzëwanne! “i 3 and sUbSeQLsantSy ieave thrøugh 'tive msttfst vawes m Aštarrxativaaiy the: mmm: aecztš?r: m* the inside cønsïructiøn of tha iøwar cëver H :my fxavæ an nvaš' (Figure Bb) ar circuåar shaçe» (Figura 3:). 10 11.5 k) U! 30 'Lä Tin fmiiiiaiæ the cønrvsesticaii beæiwßari the ciutiæt ciianiiei 13 and tiiæ pasimcanary ariery ciftiiæ iïuirnnriaïry Circuit of the awrïa ariæry øiiïha sysitamic circuit, iha urificezsøi tha øutiei. czhafiriesis iiš area proviéad 'with outie-:t cuffs 22 which »vili srterfy grafis (see Fïšgurei U.. "iïiiæraaræ iiiaiwy aiiæmaiive »vaya ti: accmnçiiish iiieæ punipiing ninvænaf-enà (af the iritærrieii _cyiiiificiæi“ få with itä» vazivæ piiaria "ï irisiiaie 'the iugigsiær anf? iøwaar cyšindars 4, Å ruimbezr an* passibiæ æmbuciizixeiiis af høw in aizhieve: a lingar rnciivaiiieant <1? åiie iniiiamai nyiindæf få in an iipwarci m?veineiiï fiirtiia-z-r šniø :ha isçapar cyišridæf' 4 ärz?i a cifzwriward iiiaveiwaiii iuiïiiiiai iiziira ihe www cyiínüar få wiki ifimiiif be çië-siairibed, iinwievær 'the skiiimi gemen wiii rsaiize mat the :iesßriiiiaïzi iëßiiibaziiinaiits ara fint iziis oriiy ways to accciziipiisii this purvzpiiig acïiørm The iiiiëaii* iiiøvesi-iiëi-ii øiihe iiiiafrixai i-:yiíiioier få :iiay ize. açcizsfripíisiieri by :faaan-si e? a driving cyiinciær sfaen in Figaires :i to 6. Thai øuii-er sairfacæ øfiiiæ inïæriiai cyiin?ëi- ä is pravided with är: æxtæriiaš screw' 'tiiread 24 arranged in :ï?cpßšfaieai with ara inïærnai scæw thread 25 provided an the iii-æíciæ. surfaæ af :ha :irivizig atyiiiwciær 23. ilman rqtatiari ei tina driving cyiiïiüssr EVS. iiiæ iriteiiiäi c*yiii\<;iei\ å miiih it is »faive plans 7 :ncixfes iineariy eitšiær tícwriwsrds further irziø the tower cyiiriaier 5 nr iipwarai? fiiriiiai* inuti fbe Lippær cyiiiidær »i aiiëçfßefiiiing xiiriiætiiiar 'me itirivirig cyiinder 23 rmfiaiefs in a ciücicwšåæ :iir cøunisi' ciøcšiwise ciiifßctinii. This upwarizí iand :iowiiwarii riiciveinæxit af tha iniemai nyšinfšef (-3 seems by :means :af the eeøgissraàixfsi- arrangeineni heiwiaaæn -iiie æxtemaii aim* iiiiarriai sci-ëw thiïëàdæ 24, “fins :ifriving ayšincier 23 is, aüvantagacmsiy aperaïed .tßy means of :ine of :intim eiamamsectianicai mcšioxæ 26; Tiie :iriviifig cgiiiirider 23 is advaiiiageousiy prøvided with an externai cagwiiëfai (sea if-figpiras å am: å) cm its misiæff auriaizsarrsiiged ti: cocgeraie with a nicitczr mgwiieei _28 wiiich is cønziersied to a rotaiiiiig 'axie af the ans nr mcira æiecirøiiieciiaiwicai nwniürs When the: ëriviiig cyiiiicier 23 is c?gzæraiægi izy mæans :iii :in eiaizïfcmechafišcai frisim* :ši? :ha :natur cagwhezæi 28 :ai 'cha sieciriøi?æciiazfsicai iimirsr Qê cfmpe-i-atæs with ïiw exiærnai cogwhaei. Ef? iczrz-aie?i en tiva antar siiriace af the driving ayiifncíar 23 and aiternaieis tiva fmtai?iqri m? tha driving cyiiriüær 23 in either tiiie sisczkwise si* miiiitei' eioczkwise øiirecïiari. Tiie cïirivizig cyiinzšer 23 is afiivaritagenusiy' riicunted inside a iiciiisšiig 3G, Each puinç may in ana §aiiæi'riaïiv§§ ha ?paraíeai by sefparatei æiæctmiiiiæfziianicai pumgs Éåa anci âïzib (fsææ Figufæ 4). in this anibizaišrïiiëizt a firsi eiactrønwechanicai :natur 26:-: .rriïaies the driving eyiifiaiefir :if ïiies: first øuiiip 2 in :inte difeøiioii sig. ihe-cioskwise :iifiecticsi-i, wiiicii wii! ïiiæ iriiïæifiiai cyiiiider 6 crf the firsí -pump io :views in a iirst lånas: lå) 15 2G 3G 13 aišr?æcišoifa. in ørüer' 'ts :shangæ 'tr-vä šineax* dïræctšxniw of :wmveërnê?nt far ihs inïsrnaš cyhnder #5, the eíænírofnæcšzarwšcai r?oïm' íâïia wii! míaië the driving cyiïæwcíer in. the Qpgwøßâïeæ äšr?šcïšan, the cøuniíær nšockwise: directicsrx, which wšië sausë âhe iïätarwwia! :tyíiracíeärß ïc» :wmvs in a sæfsnnci ïšszear' 'direction and capcasšte “ifs tive fâr-så lšswßæar dírsctíon, A sæcond ašee-ßtrømeshafxi-:?aš rmßïøx' 25k: Ggßeratæs the seB-cznn-d pump 3 in a sšrïxiiar 'feashšorx Tha 'first and äacønai æšëcïrørwxæešwaxwicaš fwxotars Zfša Zíšb ars sonspied .tlø each :Ymer æiæctršcaišy anti ana synchrmnizïeci in each nther* m :wave ízmth pxxfrnps 3 sšnwåuïianaatwvusíy in the: sama diracïiørx araci at tha sar?a xf?ëšacity.
Aitarfwatïivešy Q?ê: singgše ešæctrarïweüšwanšcat matar 2:3 mpæratæs mäta the: ššfsi ami secmëd pur?-ps 2 am: 3 mgæfcšwef' Figuræs 4 and S). This nweans thai' me sšrzgie atæctreiwwez?zïfæzanicaê” :natur rntates the firæt and secømi driving cyiinders šêa 23k: før tmih ïhæ first and seaond pumps in a first direction, eg. the atømkwšsëæ ciirecïioa: »which wšíš causs' tha fšrsi ana! sefçnnd šntærnaä cy?i-z??iærs ancš år; :wave än a first iš-nea? üšraciíon, Thefæañer itne serna"ešënï?irørnechsfwšçzaä :matar iëë' rotatæs me *ïrst :and säæøøxwd drivšrxg cyišncšefrs 23-3 23%; 'ftir bath tha first and siscioncš pumps 3 in the* cappøsíts diræcïšnï: the cøuswïef niackwšse díræctša=r\ which wiíi :ramsa the: first and sæcømti interna; cyšinci?ærs 5:a, ššb to rrznve in a aec?and ärmar directàïnx anti øppøsite 'ts 'tm first išnæaaf dërecüæn, 'This rnearws ïhat ans singšs~eíèßctrameciwaæwšeaï munter 2G wiíë aâternaie bezâwëzæn ïhæ cšaxc?š-:wšsæ :mä .cøazntær cšøczkwšseæ- dšræactiøns ta ænable the Lip and down ma^verfwenï of íhæ irätærrwai cyišzwcšers åa, 6%). àštærnzïtivsšy twß æieëcïronwe?fwànicëii :notera Iëåa, 135m ogzßeratæ ïmth pumps 2_\ 3 wiusaræir: eaczf: ørxæ crf 'tha eiecïršcal zwotnvrsv Éfša, âššb Gpsratæs tha ixwïernaí ßykšntíers åh m* täsïšw pumps 2, 3 oniy in one direßtiøn (see Fšgures 4 anci SS). A first eiecírmweeziwvsaswiaaš nwior íàëa rntaætes 'the :iriving cyšindërs Iàišia af bøtf? gaurrzps E, 3 in a first dàracticxw, ag.. än thæ nisch-amiga díræctšan, which wišl cause the ënàernai eytmcíæfaë åt: m* bath pnnnps å, 3 in rnoxfe in a: first iinæz-af cišrwzectàon, A sacørxci etestràca! 'rnotcr 2% fstaieg; thë driving wtíndfsßrå Ha, 23%: af both punwps 2, 3 in ihæ czpmsivâe directšuvn, ag. tha counter mâncäwšsæ cíirefziion, whšsšw wiii cause-à the intærrzal' nyßimzšars Sa, St: sf bath pumps 2, Evita mnve fra s second íšnæar dšræctšnn, and ogxpcssíte to the first ëinear ciireciïiun. En this snnbøciimæní the ïwe eiamtrømæchanicai fnøï?rg» wilš aštsrfïats: their operaiinns? Lea, »when the firsst aiasïrmïwezcëïaarzšaa! :~'nct1:f:>pe:\atest§1æ saeømi eiaciranaecšzanísaš matar ræzzis, and viss: VSFSQ.
A srnait rod (nat :shøwrn äs commented 'fa the hczuasifxg 3D afasi erxgagæs. in a åorxgitufcššnai pši' :sn tšwe ouier suffase ef' 'the internal, cyïšnfcier Eš m Qrevenï' røiaíšøsw af“th§; inter-mä cyšincier ä Ti G 15 3G 14 whezn. the dršvšfwg ayäíndær 23 'rotaieffša This guarantees that' thæ šntærnaí cylinder rmzveæ up ana dawn in šinæar :wVøvem-erwt bætmfëfßrn ïšwe upçaar and fma fewer ?yiínd?ærss 3.
Tha LIpWarati ana ciczwsïwazrzi .mçvaæfvïærvïä mf the interna! cylinder 6,. Le. the» mirr?píng mrzctican may aisø ba» accønxpššsrwæd .by rnæarxs of a cyiizwäær with am šrwiagraiad äiæïnr cc?íi. ha. a state-r ayëinder Figsra-:a ïanci 8). The siaator cyšindåer~3ïš1iæ~fšxed if: siatm høxssšxïg 3<4 which prevants any possibšIi-ty* for it m rszxtate. Qnæ ur :mors perrrxarasnï r?àgnæïs 35 smbmâfiæd and šnieægfateïfë with "tïæe Quter spnface of time inteærnaš fsyišrwdær ši m ezfxabše ïhs šrztæ-rfzaš cyëirxdes' 63 ti) fctats vmen ar: eiæfstršcaš cuweni äs» appišaü thrmugiw the staïar syhïndër 33. in this ærnmcššræwærwt ïšxæ æntíw: šnïaxrinaxi cyširxdsær' 6 functians a rotor man ešæctrørwfzeçšxaziëçzzal z-rzütfsr* äfufi thus wa- statnr' æyššrxder 33 tngethsr with the: ärmarna! ayiin?az* ü wnrk as an ešentruxnechanicaš nwotnr. :än externaß snrew thrëraci 3? is prnvídsd gm tha outar surface nftha irïierrzaš syki?der 8 w?šcš-x erxaëšes the i?ïernai cyišncïær ä to ha rotatm ânâø :än iníearnaí sa?zfewf thrßsa* 35 prcwicled en *me instcša surface si? :ha sïator :zyššnaáer 33.
When the in-'aernaš øyíinfâer ü retatæsä in isf-w: dšreëcztšori eg. *etwa cicckwisa nïirecti?zn, it. wzavas šinaarly än a first dšrecticsn pefpencšiauiar ti» its fmtatiøfwä! :novernerit and when the íniærnai cyišfwcieëi' ES røâata?s in m: Qppzasitæ cšireciian eg. the- cnixníær ctcacäswisæ siireariíøn ä? mcvæs iínëariy in a sec-små diåfëatšør: perperw?cššænalizar in its :fcsiaiicnal nwvenwaní and øppøsite fc: the first iirzaar ašractšøn, The ma» and dawn muværnle-rxt. ifs acßorngašished ?yïšxæ action :sf tha- rnagrvï?tic fiald which crëaíeci bæïwëen ïhe sätatczï* cyšinder 33 and the peævrnwaïfwerit .rwagnats Bâï- nn the surface af *the interna! :zyiíncier å. Thus the iíxwæar :nævernænfc af tha inteernai 'øyiinder å is cræaïæd by the røïaiišors' of ïh? intær-rïai cyâirx?iæf' E» reatšzed ëzytšwze cacapærative ængagfæmerát .hemes-n tha exiærnaš scræw ihraaxi 3? an the outar Wai! m* the intßrnsi arytmier šä and the šnïernaš :acræw t?re-:ï-:Li 36 pmvšöed an the irrïe-rnaë surfa-ce en” ïhs siëzïx?r Qyišndksr 33. åtšïi a faznther-way te acccmpkish a iinear nmvënïænt Q? ïiweïx interna! cyišncier 6 with ät. is valve pšane ï' in 'usa an ešæ?trsnwècharzícaš Imint* 38 prøvíded with a scríæw aixis 3% (sea .fïiguræs 9 ancí 1D). in thšs embacšinzent the intergwai cylinøiær E is equxippe? wïih a protrudšrxg fiærwge a? which cixrmects the inïærna! cyii?ciër å' to trxe screw aäxšs 39 Qi me æiectfømechaníeaï :water 33. "The prøtrutiing fiarzge 4D :way be a fšamge -whicšw is cønzaeated to tha euter wa!! m* tha» internal :zyíinciær šš arm äs; pravidæä with :a hate m vxfšïh an inïsrnai scrsw thffæaaš which cøcfïææraiæs wiih šhæ æarexm axis 39. *Näsan the? ssrfsw axes 39 n? the aiæctrçzårnachafwšcai moïm' 38 ratateëa aâcng the šniernaí screw :äre-am m' the hata 4.1 nn the protrufášng fïa?ge 4G, tha prcstru?iifig fíarwge fw wii! move the: intærniai nyííndef 6 up m dawn üapë-.nciing en the rntaiionaš äšreniicsn nftïhæ screw: axe-s 3% of the æiezctrøzïwesšäanäcaš :meter 2G 342) íå 35.. The šwtëfwwai cyšindær ß waves in a: fšrst šinsar ?iracticfrw» when the eíèctrcxmecšfzarwicaš :no?zor 38 :stat-es the screw axis SQ in a fšrsï sširæctiçusw am fm :a safrcøná iinear direcïiazw c?gzpasiïe to tha ñrst iins?ar directícnw when eiecïrarwxæsšwar?çaš rmzior 38 mïates ma. screw axšs 39 in a åamøräd aiireeiíen. in ans: siisrnatèv?ë, onëy one eleczírnnæænhanicaš factor 33 :way erseraàæ *the inïërnaš cyâirxiiars 6:: and Eb *fur šwth *the fira pump 2 anzi for âhæ samnci paimp 3 sifwuštarëeaaxsây am! ai *tha sanna- vešmcity in a fšfst »zišreciifsfw anciih?r?aftæae' än s :zecen? :iirentian :x-ppcsšte m tha first dirëcticrx (gsee Fšgzure 16). in this enwbøaåirfæes-xt onëy (me: protru?ëšng šianga 4G cøxënæcsts tha» šnia-rawaxš :zykinders än :af šzx?ïh purnpe: 3. m »ïiifferarxi »sæirwbååccåïfrzfsærxiï -ïwø eiecïraznecåæarxricaaš rfnczicxm 383 an? 39k» :are ræqušrad ia uperaïæ the pnarupšfwg furwcišøs?, :me m: :ha opsratimf: af »the ifnïerrxaí cyšíæ?der' in ïhæ first pump ïï anci ane- for the- npæraticsfw mi' “the inïærzäai cyiincief' åh: är: 'ma secarzci pfLirw-xp 3 seen in Fšgure Q, Tha tama ašæctrnmæchanicaš rnüâaræ Sås anfïi -Éšâb are-cuupêaci aäectršmaiíy anti syncmronšzad tai: 'each :stina-r in :thæir operatifirx, mnåvšng šïføth šrztërrwai :ryššïfxders ífša, St: ïqagetšwer anä simu?avnscusiy in the sanne dšrectšøn an-oi ai the *sarne vsløi?šíyc Aštamaiiveây, 'two aiecfrnnwechanšcal mntors fšëa, Båt: :raay be cønnactecš ta: bath pumps 12, 3 as in Figure V9 mi; 'each æäectroffmëcïzaxïšça! :rnotor 38:; and 33k: spara-extas the intarnal cyšïñders and b a? bøâh jzmrnps 3 in oniy nns direction» This means that a first ešectrøenechazwicaš ramar Iäâa apærates the šrxternaaš aytindera 631 araci6t;1~ or?y šïza first diræsñun ag. ïha dawnward tåífæctinrï further irñïø th? kaviar cytindærs fia and åh, and the sæcanci ešscïtremacharwâsal"nwicr 38k: speratæz-:s tha interna-ai cyššrwziærs. :Ba aaxxd Eb ønây in the sæcarzd :šizfæaïtšøx? m. fiirïšfzer inte šhe uppsr cyišnder »?ta and 4b, whšcä is øpgisoaite in âi?æ first ziirecrtion. in this~ eanixtzøaïišmearxt thæ twe eicfsctrønxaechanšsa! :amtørs :šêa Išêk: wii! ašterfzatæ tlfærair Qpæratiorzs, when the first elentmrrweëchanicaš :hatar 38:: nperates the sansad eiectrcrrwecšwanšcai :nøtor Bah festa, anal všm vera-a. in an :aiternaišvæ ærx-:badëzxweerxt tha li?f?aar' rnøxfarxwent af the? intes-nai cyiinaier' 6 is aczccmpiisheüiby mæans :rf a hyviraaalša cyiifadar -42 instead nä' arr eiaatrømechazaica! avatar (See: Figure 11; in this amhocišnaentthe: prøtrzading fšaragav M is fixad 'in the vhydrauiic syäindæz* *'23 and 'the uçßwarlzi and døwzaawaf?i .imaar mauemerits m' 'ëhe inïer?ati cyišnfier ä am cræaaïæd by ïhe pzßshírxg :arïci puišing asiien of the: twydraazlic; cyišswdsær 42.. The hyairaušim üyširïder 42 üpeïïateai by a Efwya?raukšc: purnp (not shnwn) prnvidfacš inaxšría the abfáamen u? ïhë æatšani which is cønnaated to the hydríauiâ-c: cyëlínöef" 42. A hycíraaxšâç: tube (nat Shawn) caozwrxe-cis tha hydfaušâç; 1:>L.=Ån*1;nï.üthæ hycšfêæzhsíic: ay¥ir1def~42 via twff: canrwectiøfxs rwípp?šes 43 2.17. Û 20 “i ä prmfšfiad fm tha hya?rauišc cytšr?aier -fïëiâ in *irsansïanvt ihs hycírauššc mi! betwæaz? âhæ hyfšrsuíiz: punwp and hydraušie cyïirwdær :iriz in :me ernbaaiixïwent, øniy one hydrauišc: cyiifxdssr 4.2 øperatæs. the šníf?ær-nåa! cyiàrzziæfs êa and ?åa fin* Panik: time first gauznp '2 and tha seuanií palm: 3 ëæ-šmzàæliarxeagiæiy by :means n? a pratruciing ?angge 214 ctønnæßiecí ts the íntærnst cyíšfwä?-a-»rs üza arm ßb af bøïh pumps 2 anci Si The hycWíf-aulic; czyäíïwaies' -42 operateæ the interna! cylinciers 5:11. än sšmuštarweuuslly än a first üšrsctiøfw and thareafïer in a sefs?md :iiresrzftkvn whšsh Qpgzïfesštæ ti: the first ciiremtíon.
Aitærn-aiíxfeiy twc: hydraušâa syširxatiefs 42:: :and ååh sfæ§:.røvšci:ed, ëacxh npsraišzfi~gj :ina- pump (nn-t sšwawnå. “ïhæ first 'hycšfaailícv cylináëf ä? may øparate a first prcmjcíifxg ?afwgza åkt) xvhšch is sennecïesd in. thæ inte-:r?aš cyšínüezrs 65:: cs? the :first gäurrsp, ana-i fš-'æe sæcnrmi Fzysírazuišc cyišræcíaz* fiêš nparaiës a ser-fam gas-uïfuüirxg ?àngë ät? vvhiaifa is: cønmæctacš k) im šnïêarruai eyišwaiesr n? ths: secnmá pump 3. The fâr-eat :and æez?mrxd hydrauiís ciyšinder-s 42 øperaïë såaíai first and :äæcørscš internai cyíindera: åa, Gb separaftëšy, but sinëuiianenusiy in the san-m diractëøn and at Ehs earna væâ?sšty.
Thšafïcxtai artífinial heart impšarzt s-nay ašsc än a furtšàær aiteafnati-ve cux-*nprís?e twc hydraz?ic cyššncšefs 42 (not Shawn), wheræin ïhæ first hyzšraizššc» cylinder' 42 Qpsrates a first protrudíng fšange 4Q »vhšciw :mnnecïad in the šníarnaš syiindefs Sa, åh of ímtf: tha first and the secmn? pumps 2, 3 “in za ššrst directitsn. A sæcønd hydraušic cyššnašer 112 nparatss a aescarxçš prøimding ïšange 40 which ecnfxsweszted fo the-e intevrnaa! :syimdars 6:a, ?š: af tha first ami the sesofwd puffwps 2, 3 än a secanci dífactšøn which äs nppøsšie ta the first ßiírêctinn. Tiwe wc hytiraušic :zïyåínder-s 43, 42 alteærnatë their epeäraiions such that whssan tha fšrsi hycšraulšc cyfšmïiër' 42 ewa-ams tha, secand hydrazzäic ayiíndar 42 rasta, and vice versa.
The iwa hydraušic cyšindærs 42 sperma either by :means m? øniy øne hyfiraifššc pamxp wšwiah n1ea=ns~that tëwæy are synchrnrwízeæd m æa?ztw Qïifzer' anci :move mgetheëf* in thæ »samæ ciirectinn and .ai the same væšucity-í rar by twø hyciraušic punwpge.
En an ašiarrxatšvæ eer?b?dimaní: tha upper and šøwer cylíndesrs <4, å :Yu-sy ha czøfmectæä sm as to farm sne :ørrxpie-te cyišræcšer inside »vhkzh tšxe internaš myšíndær ä is 'rncsvabšë än an up- am' down nanvenwent. Fêgures 'Ma am *i 4b ciiscl?-ae- an ariäficiai heart whæræirw the: awper :and mwsr cyširxdears 6 are connesteá afwd the prcsâmdíng *flange crf the internaí fgyii'mier prøtru?es thraugšë an spaning which ænanšsas the up* :šmti down rnovements of the; prctru?šzwg fšange prøvšciæd :än the: šnâfarnai cyšinafier" when pøwerssfri hy íhe sšentrcfwwacšwanica! matar with a .screëw :laxis (Fàgurs Ma), ofthe hycirauiíc cyäinçieäz* (Figure 14k). lö _,-..ß Kf) Tf? šï is ašsf; corrterïïçxiaïæcí 'mat än :size æsfnbøášrxwænt onšy ana of the two pumps away tia :Essä as a besatt assist' prosšhesis ta assist and snaçpcsrï a c?šseasefš šiešarïh Thiaånwearws thai the pamwp »wfeii apa-mäts: in parazišaš 'to ihe paaïišsfxï's ?wn hæzss-ï :and aasæisi and suppm a :išsefasæá çart n? the heart wšïhøut the Head tr: rspiase the »zàcwwpšstæ heart Tha pufnp may mpærats eiíhsr a šæït vantršazuiaf assisi QNXIAO), of right veratricaäaz* assist device (RVAQ) Tš-:e gsun?ping autism' m? me 'fnuzhchszwïbera?i šwæsart wiiš 'fwåsw be dešcribæä, Tha first and, secnncš pumpa 3 are .idæmiaïaß anti ïhsrsaïøura: tha pxampšrwg famfçtâufw new dæscsribeæü applies ti: bath pumps íseæ Fígufes 12 ana* 13) Eššøczci antas ths upgsær cšïasff?her ä af the artšficäal heart ímpšaräà *i ïhrøugh the imrat chsnraæi 'w âocaïæzå in tha azapær cævaar 8. in arna 'pszfng ynatiøzfx cycše dæøxygerfated hämtad arrives frön: íhæ Systemia: circušt amš än ihæ: ø-ïšïêar gxunwg: Qxåygàeæwaïezü know arfšvaæ frszn? the puirmtfnary circuitx Wher: the upper shafnbæf' Q ha? bean fišie? with šsiami 'šhe 'vaâvæ M šccateïfd än tha vaive pšane “f of ths šntæmäi ayšàrxcíez* få svviiuiwæs m sn open pasštimn an?i ine šrxtærraaš -syšírwdezr ä :nøvßs in fšrsï linezar fiireciicnn falrther êntø the fuppesr* ayïinder 4 (see Fšgure âlšš). *Ni-wars âhe irxïærrxai cyiincšer S' movies furthær inió the upgaær cyššr?der 4, bless! estimated än the asppercehamher šš fkwws thrøugšï the :apan vašve W locatæci in tha valve plans: “f ancå inta the iowef- chafrxizer* íil Thaë Ii?æar* rnaveswwenå af *åhe intarnaí cyâin?íær 6 may ba» reaiized :as dssaràhad aisawiwæfæ in this darzurnerxi.
After theÅ šøweæf charnbes* 12 has fšltæaâ wštn hämnd; tha vaíva '24 izxzateçí in' :ha vašve »pian? ”ï cšosæs. The internal cyišnder 8 nøw :waves än fa sssonü iinasr dšrefsïiasw further inte the ärmar cyiintiar ana pisshs? tha bšøøeïiøwards :iaf-z hntïom part af the š?wær :zharnb?f- 12,. ie. the ífzfwes* smafer “H (aeß: Figure KE). When tha bïwti is gäushe? tüwards ïns Eawss' cover “H it enâars the taagdiigæ shapæêïñ hits :ha stopgßing surfzme 21, stans, nhanges diræzztšan and æxita true tfswer charmar' 13 ïhraugh the cutšai charmeš 13. Tha cmtšet vaíva 'få iøcated at im åorišâcæ af the nutäet charma csçzeafäs :iuïrirzg- tlws: Qa?fš?w n? mama, and theræašter s?kxsæea: ta prevent bießmi -fronï fæ~entsring tïxæ šøwer fmarx?âaer 12 tšïrcugh :ha øzztšei; cšxanneš 13.

Claims (23)

2 PATE NTKRAV 1. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat (1) innefattande minst en forsta pump (2) och en andra pump (3) for att inducera ett blodflode i en kropps blodcirkulationssystem, vale pump omfattar en Ovre kammare (9) med en inflodeskanal (10) och en undre kammare (12) med en utflodeskanal (13), kannetecknat av att vale pump ytterligare innefattar en ovre cylinder (4), en nedre cylinder (5) och en intern cylinder (6), namnda interna cylinder (6) är forsedd med ett ventilplan (11) och är rorligt anordnad inuti de ovre och undre cylindrarna (4, 5) s5 att nar den interna cylindern (6) ror sig i en upp5tg5ende riktning langre in i den ovre cylindern (4), är en ventil (14) i ventilplanet (7) i en oppen position och medger ett flode av blod fr5n den ovre kammaren (9) till den undre kammaren (12), och nar den interna cylindern (6) rot- sig i en ned5tgaende riktning langre in i den nedre cylindern (5) ar ventilen (14) i en stangd position och stoter ut blod fr5n den nedre kammaren (12) genom utflOdeskanalen (13). 2. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 1, van i de ovre och undre kamrama (9, 12) ar forsedda med en flexibel inre bekladnad (15). 3. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 2, van i en yttre vagg p5 den interna cylindern (6) och inre vaggar p5 de ovre och nedre cylindrarna (4, 5) ar forsedda med glidytor. 4. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt n5got av kraven 1 till 3, van ufflodeskanalen (13) ar forsedd med en utflodesventil (19). 5. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt n5got av kraven 1-4, van i en nedre del av den undre kammaren (12) ar forsedd med en pasliknande del (20). 6. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 5, van i den pasliknande formen (20) i nedre delen av den undre kammaren (12) har en triangular form. 7. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 5, van i den p5sliknande formen (20) i nedre delen av den undre kammaren (12) har en oval form. 8. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 5, van i den p5sliknande formen (20) i nedre delen av den undre kammaren (12) har en cirkular form. 9. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt n5got av kraven 1-8, van i den interna cylinderns (6) uppatgaende och nedatgaende rorelse astadkoms med hjalp av en drivcylinder (23) forsedd med en intern ganga (25) anordnad for att samarbeta med ett externt kugghjul (24) p5 utsidan av den interna cylindern (6), namnda samverkande arrangemang medger den interna cylindern (6) att rora sig linjart upp och ner inuti de owe och nedre cylindrarna (4, 5). 3 10. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 9, van drivcylindern (23) drivs med hjalp av en eller flera elektromekaniska motorer (17, 18) forsedda med motorkugghjul (19) anordnade att samarbeta med ett externt kugghjul anordnat pa drivcylindern (23). 11. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt kraven 9 och 10, van i en elektromekanisk motor (26) driver drivcylindrarna (23a, 23b) i bade fOrsta och andra pumpen (2, 3), och alternerar mellan medsols och motsols riktning for att astadkomma de interna cylindrarnas (6a, 6b) uppat- och nedatgaende rorelser. 12. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt kraven 9 och 10, van en fOrsta elektromekanisk motor (26a) driver en fOrsta drivcylinder (23a) i den fOrsta pumpen (2), och en andra elektromekanisk motor (26b) driver en andra drivcylinder (23b) i den andra pumpen (3), namnda fOrsta och andra elektromekaniska motorer (26a, 26b) roterar namnda forsta och andra drivcylindrar (23a, 23b) separat, men simultant i samma riktning vid samma hastighet. 13. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt kraven 9 och 10, van i en fOrsta elektromekanisk motor (26a) roterar den forsta och andra drivcylindern (23a, 23b) i den forsta och andra pumpen (2, 3) i en forsta riktning, och en andra elektromekanisk motor (26b) roterar den forsta och andra drivcylindern (23a, 23b) i den fOrsta och andra pumpen (2, 3) i en andra riktning, de tva elektromekaniska motorerna (26a, 26b) alternerar sin drift. 14. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt nagot av kraven 1-8, van i den uppatgaende och nedatgaende rorelsen for den interna cylindern (6) mojliggors med hjalp av en stator cylinder (33) forsedd med en intern ganga (36) anordnad att samverka med en extern ganga (37) pa den interna cylindern (6), namnda samverkande arrangemang mOjliggor for den interna cylindern (6) att rora sig linjart upp och ner inuti den ovre och nedre cylindern (4, 5). 15. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt nagot av kraven 1-8, van i de ovre cylindrarna (4) och nedre cylindrarna (5) i vane pump (2, 3) är sammankopplade och bildar en hel cylinder inuti vilken den interna cylindern (6) är rorlig i en upp-och nedatgaende rorelse. 16. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt nagot av kraven 1-8 eller 15, van i den uppatgaende och nedatgaende rorelsen hos den interna cylindern (6) mojliggors med hjalp av en utstickande flans (40) pa den interna cylindern (6) for samverkan med en elektromekanisk motor (38) forsedd med en skruvaxel (39), namnda 4 samverkande arrangemang mojliggor for den interna cylindern (6) att rora sig linjart upp och ner inuti de ovre och nedre cylindrarna (4, 5). 17. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 16, van i en elektromekanisk motor (38) forsedd med en skruvaxel (39) samverkar med en utstickande flans (40) som är kopplad till de interna cylindrarna (6a, 6b) i bAde den forsta (2) och den andra (3) pumpen, namnda enda elektromekaniska motor (38) driver b5da interna cylindrarna (6a, 6b) simultant och med samma hastighet i en forsta riktning och darefter i en andra riktning motsatt den forsta riktningen. 18. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 16, van i en forsta elektromekanisk motor (38a) driver en forsta utstickande flans (40a) som är kopplad till den interna cylindern (6a) i den forsta pumpen (2), och en andra elektromekanisk motor (38b) driver en andra utstickande flans (40b) som är kopplad till den interna cylindern (6b) i den andra pumpen (3), namnda forsta och andra elektromekaniska motor (38a, 38b) driver namnda forsta och andra interna cylindrar (6a, 6b) separat, men simultant i samma riktning och med samma hastighet. 19. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 16, omfattande tv5 elektromekaniska motorer (38a, 38b) van i den forsta elektromekaniska motorn (38a) driver en forsta utstickande flans (40a) som Or kopplad till de interna cylindrarna (6a, 6b) i den forsta och andra pumpen (2, 3) i en forsta riktning, och den andra elektromekaniska motorn (38b) driver en andra utstickande flans (40b) som Or kopplad till de interna cylindrarna (6a, 6b) i den forsta och andra pumpen (2, 3) i en andra riktning mottsatt till den forsta riktningen, de tva elektromekaniska motorerna alternerar driften. 20. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt nagot av kraven 1-8 och 15, van i den interna cylinderns (6) uppatgAende och nedAtgaende rorelse mojliggors med hjalp av en hydraulisk cylinder (42) anordnad att samverka med en utstickande flans (44) kopplad till den interna cylindern (6), namnda samverkande arrangemang mojliggor f6r den interna cylindern att rora sig linjart upp och ner inuti de ovre och undre cylindrarna (4, 5). 21. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 20, omfattande en hydraulisk cylinder (42), van i namnda hydrauliska cylinder (42) driver en utstickande flans (40) som Or kopplad till !Dada interna cylindrarna(6a, 6b) i bada pumparna (2, 3), namnda hydrauliska cylinder (42) driver de interna cylindrarna (6a, 6b) simultant i en forsta riktning och darefter i en andra riktning som Or motsatt den forsta riktningen. 22. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 20, omfattande tv5 hydrauliska cylindrar (42a, 42b), van i den forsta hydrauliska cylindern (42a) driver en forsta utstickande flans (40a) som är kopplad till !Dada interna cylindrarna (6a, 6b) i bade forsta och andra pumpen (2, 3) i en forsta riktning, och den andra hydrauliska cylindern (42b) driver en andra utstickande flans (40b) som är kopplad till de interna cylindrarna (6a, 6b) i bade fOrsta och andra pumpen (2, 3) i en andra riktning som är motsatt till den forsta riktningen, de tva hydrauliska cylindrarna (42a, 42b) alternerar driften. 23. Totalt konstgjort hjartimplantat enligt krav 20, omfattande tv5 hydrauliska cylindrar (42a, 42b), van i den forsta hydrauliska cylindern (42a) driver en forsta utstickande flans (40) som är kopplad till den interna cylindern (6a) i den forsta pumpen (2), och den andra hydrauliska cylindern (42b) driver en andra utstickandeflans (40) som är kopplad till den interna cylindern (6b) i den andra pumpen (3), namnda forsta och andra hydrauliska cylindrar (42a, 42b) driver namnda forsta och andra interna cylindrar (6a, 6b) separat, men simultant i samma riktning och med samma hastighet. 1 /1 3 t.0 cni < " , ... -
1. ,•-•• N"-^1 :•••,`•
2. /13
3. /13 11
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EP15742032.4A EP3177335B8 (en) 2014-08-07 2015-07-27 Blood pumping device
US15/501,491 US11123543B2 (en) 2014-08-07 2015-07-27 Blood pumping device
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EP3784306A1 (en) 2018-04-25 2021-03-03 Scandinavian Real Heart AB A vascular coupling device
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CA3136159C (en) 2019-04-05 2023-01-03 Scandinavian Real Heart Ab A vascular coupling device
JP2023518426A (ja) 2020-03-18 2023-05-01 スカンジナビアン・リアル・ハート・アクチエボラーグ 圧力センサ配置および方法
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SE538251C2 (sv) 2016-04-19

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