SE1350208A1 - Method of drying hygroscopic material and apparatus for drying hygroscopic material. - Google Patents

Method of drying hygroscopic material and apparatus for drying hygroscopic material. Download PDF

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Publication number
SE1350208A1
SE1350208A1 SE1350208A SE1350208A SE1350208A1 SE 1350208 A1 SE1350208 A1 SE 1350208A1 SE 1350208 A SE1350208 A SE 1350208A SE 1350208 A SE1350208 A SE 1350208A SE 1350208 A1 SE1350208 A1 SE 1350208A1
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Sweden
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temperature
drying
hygroscopic material
sensing
drying medium
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SE1350208A
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Swedish (sv)
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SE537826C2 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Scheepers
Anders Lycken
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Sp Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut Ab
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Priority to SE1350208A priority Critical patent/SE537826C2/en
Priority to PL14753723T priority patent/PL2959247T3/en
Priority to EP14753723.7A priority patent/EP2959247B1/en
Priority to PCT/SE2014/050175 priority patent/WO2014129957A1/en
Publication of SE1350208A1 publication Critical patent/SE1350208A1/en
Publication of SE537826C2 publication Critical patent/SE537826C2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/02—Biomass, e.g. waste vegetative matter, straw
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/24—Wood particles, e.g. shavings, cuttings, saw dust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Sammandrag Uppfinningen avser en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material (2), innefattande stegen a) tillforsel av hygroskopiskt material (2) i en torkkammare (4) innefattande ett torkmedium (6), b) tillforsel av energi till torkkammaren (4), c) avkanning av torkme- diets (6) torrtemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand torrtemperatur, d) avkanning av torkmediets (6) vattemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand vattemperatur, e) avkanning av temperaturen hos det hygroskopiska materialets (2) ytskikt (11) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand yttemperatur och f) utnyttjande av utsignalen for avkand torrtemperatur, utsignalen for avkand vattemperatur och utsignalen for avkand yttemperatur for berakning av ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet (2) for regleringen av torkmediets (6) egenskaper. Uppfinningen avser ocksa en anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material (2). Summary The invention relates to a method for drying hygroscopic material (2), comprising steps a) supply of hygroscopic material (2) in a drying chamber (4) comprising a drying medium (6), b) supply of energy to the drying chamber (4), c ) sensing the dry temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing dry temperature, d) sensing the water temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing water temperature, e) sensing of the temperature of the surface layer (11) of the hygroscopic material (2) and outputting an output signal for a falling surface temperature and f) using the output signal for a falling dry temperature, the output signal for a falling water temperature and the output signal for a falling surface temperature for calculating the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material (2) ) for the regulation of the properties of the drying medium (6). The invention also relates to a device for drying hygroscopic material (2).

Description

Metod for torkning ay hygroskopiskt material och anordning for torkning ay hygroskopiskt material UPPFINNINGENS BAKGRUND OCH KAND TEKNIK Foreliggande uppfinning avser en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt patentkravets 1 ingress. Uppfinningen avser ocksa en anordning fOr torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt patentkravets 12 ingress. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART The present invention relates to a method for drying hygroscopic material according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a device for drying hygroscopic material according to the preamble of claim 12.

Vid torkning av hygroskopiskt material, exempelvis vid virkestorkning, är langsam torkning ej onskvard ur ekonomisk synpunkt.ft for snabb torkning, det vill saga dâ fuktavgangen fran det hygroskopiska materialets yta sker for snabbt, är ej heller onskyard da ytan hos det hygroskopiska materialet kommer att torka innan fukten i materialets inre har transporterats fran det hygroskopiska materialets inre till dess yta. Detta leder till att det hygroskopiska materialets kapillarverkan forsvinner och att vatten- vandringen frail det hygroskopiska materialets inre mot ytan avbryts. En dragspanning uppstar dA mellan det hygroskopiska materialets yta och det hygroskopiska materialets inre da ytan krymper, men inte materialets inre. Detta yttrar sig i icke onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska mate- rialet eller kvarsfaende inre spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet. Tillstandet med kvarstaende inre spanningarna benamns pa engelska "case hardening" och kan leda till exempelvis att klingoma nyper fast i materialet vid sagning, da spanningama frigors. FOr snabb torkning kan Liven leda till cellkollaps. Cellkollaps innebar att tracts vedceller plastiskt deformeras av de kapillara kraftema, varigenom sprickor kan uppsta. Ovan namnda defekter leder till lagre produktkvalitet, vilket i sin tar leder till hogre kassa- tion och darmed hogre produktionskostnader. When drying hygroscopic material, for example in wood drying, slow drying is not inconvenient from an economic point of view. dry before the moisture inside the material has been transported from the inside of the hygroscopic material to its surface. This leads to the capillary action of the hygroscopic material disappearing and to the water migration from the interior of the hygroscopic material to the surface being interrupted. A tensile stress arises dA between the surface of the hygroscopic material and the interior of the hygroscopic material as the surface shrinks, but not the interior of the material. This manifests itself in undesirable deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material. The condition with the remaining internal stresses is called in English "case hardening" and can lead, for example, to the blades pinching in the material when sawing, when the stresses are released. For rapid drying, Liven can lead to cell collapse. Cell collapse meant that tracts of wood cells were plastically deformed by the capillary forces, whereby cracks could occur. The above-mentioned defects lead to lower product quality, which in turn leads to higher disposal and thus higher production costs.

Styrningen av torkningsprocesser ficir produktion av travaror gars idag utifran torkningsscheman, det vill saga foreskrifter rorande luftens torra och vata temperaturer som funktion av tid eller den radande medelfuktkvoten hos traet under torkningen. The control of drying processes for the production of troughs is today based on drying schedules, ie regulations concerning the dry and wet temperatures of the air as a function of time or the radiating average moisture ratio of the wood during drying.

Vaftemperaturen mats med en vat termometer dar termometems kanselkropp är omlindad med en standigt fuktad tygbit. Torrtemperaturen mats med en vanlig (torr) termo- 2 meter. Fuktkvoten är kvoten mellan massan vatten i en viss volym och den torra vedsubstansens massa Mom samma volym, uttryckt i viktprocent. Malet med torkningsschemana är att sanka medelfuktkvoten i tract utan att traet far defekter och till den medelfuktkvot som berdknas rada i den omgivande miljon ddr trdet ska anvdndas eller till en medelfuktkvot lag nog for att undvika angrepp fran olika organismer. Tork- ningsschemana ger olika rekommendationer for olika traslag, tratjocklekar och kvalitetsmal. The water temperature is measured with a wet thermometer where the thermometer's pulpit body is wrapped with a constantly moistened piece of cloth. The dry temperature is measured with a standard (dry) thermometer. The moisture ratio is the ratio between the mass of water in a certain volume and the mass of the dry wood substance Mom the same volume, expressed as a percentage by weight. The aim of the drying schemes is to lower the average moisture ratio in the tract without defects and to the average moisture ratio that is expected to be in the surrounding million where the tree is to be used or to an average moisture ratio sufficient to avoid infestation by various organisms. The drying schemes provide different recommendations for different types of rags, trough thicknesses and quality templates.

Medelfuktkvoten kan ocksa bestammas direkt med torrviktsmetoden eller indirekt med andra metoder. Enligt torrviktsmetoden va.gs trdprovet i fuktigt tillstand varefter provet torkas i 103 ± 2°C tills vikten stabiliseras vid 0 % fuktkvot. Darefter vags provet pa nytt och vikten av den avgivna fukten beraknas. Den avgivna fuktens vikt dividerad med tracts torrvikt är eft matt pa tracts medelfuktkvot for hela materialet. The average moisture ratio can also be determined directly with the dry weight method or indirectly with other methods. According to the dry weight method, the wire sample is weighed in a moist state, after which the sample is dried at 103 ± 2 ° C until the weight is stabilized at 0% moisture content. The sample is then weighed again and the weight of the delivered moisture is calculated. The weight of the delivered moisture divided by the dry weight of the tracts is equal to the average moisture ratio of the tracts for the entire material.

De vanligaste indirekta metodema for bestamning av medelfuktkvoten innebar att det elektriska motstandet hos tra bestams. Vid matningen trycks eller slas stift in i tract. Den resistans, eller impedans i fall ddr mdtaren anvander vaxelspanning, som mats mellan stiften är ett matt pa trdets medelfuktkvot. Andra indirekta metoder anvander kapacitiva matare, elektromagnetiska fait eller nar-infrarod (NIR) for att bestamma medelfuktkvoten. The most common indirect methods for determining the average moisture ratio meant that the electrical resistance of tra was determined. When feeding, pins or punches are inserted into the tract. The resistance, or impedance in cases where the meter uses alternating voltage, which is measured between the pins is a measure of the average moisture ratio of the wire. Other indirect methods use capacitive feeders, electromagnetic fait or near-infrared (NIR) to determine the average moisture ratio.

Ett exempel pa en kand metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material visas i dokumentet US3721013. Det tar en metod, for snabb torkning av virke, som kombinerar radiofrekvens- eller mikrovagsuppvarmning med upphettad luft som cirkuleras, i vil- ken metod yttemperaturen hos trdet mats, de vata och de torra termometrarnas tempe- raturer hos den cirkulerade upphettade luften i torkugnen mats, den \rata termometems temperatur uppratthalls enligt ett torkningsschema for olika trasorter och trdtjocklekar, och dessutom regleras tillforseln av radio frekvens- eller mikrovagsenergi och den torra termometems temperatur hos ugnen for att styra yttemperaturen hos trdet enligt den torra termometems temperatur hos torkningsschemat. 3 SAMMANFATTNING AV UPPFINNINGEN Trots Undo metoder och anordningar for torkning av hygroskopiskt material, finns ett behov av en ny metod och en ny anordning for optimering av torkningsprocessen for forbattrad produktkvalitet. Med forbattrad produktkvalitet menas i detta sammanhang att icke onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska materialet eller kvarstaende inre spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet undviks. An example of a known method for drying hygroscopic material is shown in the document US3721013. It takes a method, for rapid drying of wood, which combines radio frequency or microwave heating with heated air being circulated, in which method the surface temperature of the wood is fed, the wet and dry thermometers temperatures of the circulated heated air in the drying oven are fed , the temperature of the dry thermometer is maintained according to a drying scheme for different types and thicknesses of wood, and in addition the supply of radio frequency or microwave energy and the temperature of the dry thermometer are controlled by the oven to control the surface temperature of the tree according to the dry thermometer temperature of the drying scheme. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Despite Undo methods and devices for drying hygroscopic material, there is a need for a new method and device for optimizing the drying process for improved product quality. By improved product quality is meant in this context that undesirable deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material are avoided.

Syftet med uppfinningen är saledes att astadkomma en ny metod och en ny anordning for optimering av torkningsprocessen av hygroskopiskt material sa att icke onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska materialet eller kvarstaende inre spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet undviks. The object of the invention is thus to provide a new method and a new device for optimizing the drying process of hygroscopic material so that undesirable deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material are avoided.

Ett ytterligare syfte med foreliggande uppfinning är att astadkomma en ny metod och en ny anordning for optimering av torkningstiden och/eller energiatgang i forhallande till onskad produktkvalitet. A further object of the present invention is to provide a new method and a new device for optimizing the drying time and / or energy access in relation to the desired product quality.

Ytterligare ett syfte med foreliggande uppfinning är att astadkomma en ny metod och en ny anordning for faststallning om materialet natt jamviktsfuktkvoten. A further object of the present invention is to provide a new method and a new device for determining the material night equilibrium moisture ratio.

Dessa syften uppnas med en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt de i patentkravet 1 angivna sardragen. These objects are achieved with a method for drying hygroscopic material according to the features of claim 1.

Dessa syften uppnas aven med en anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt de i patentkravet 12 angivna sardragen. These objects are also achieved with a device for drying hygroscopic material according to the features set out in claim 12.

Med ffireliggande uppfinning undviks oonskad energiatgang, kvarstaende inre spanningar och oonskade deformationer hos hygroskopiskt material. Aven torkningstiden for hygroskopiskt material optimeras och jamviktsfuktkvoten hos hygroskopiskt mate- rial faststalls pa ett effektivt att. Ytterligare fordelar med uppfinningen framgar av foljande detaljerade beskrivning. 4 KORT BESKRIVNING AV RITNINGARNA I det foljande beskrivs, sasom ett exempel, en foredragen utforingsform av uppfinningen med hanvisning till bifogade ritningar, pa vilka: Fig. 1visar eft flodesschema avseende en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt fOreliggande uppfinning, Fig. 2visar en anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt forelig- gande uppfinning, och Fig. 3visar ett hygroskopiskt material enligt foreliggande uppfinning. The present invention avoids unwanted energy input, residual internal stresses and unwanted deformations of hygroscopic material. The drying time of hygroscopic material is also optimized and the equilibrium moisture ratio of hygroscopic material is determined to be effective. Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following, as an example, a preferred embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for drying hygroscopic material according to the present invention, Fig. 2 shows an apparatus for drying hygroscopic material according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 shows a hygroscopic material according to the present invention.

DETALJERAD BESKRIVNING AV UPPFINNINGEN Fig. 1 visar ett flodesschema avseende en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material 2 enligt foreliggande uppfinning. Metoden innefattar foljande steg och skall beskrivas tillsammans med fig. 1 samt aven tillsammans med fig. 2, som visar en anordning 1 for torkning av hygroskopiskt material 2 enligt uppfinningen, och fig. 3, som visar ett hygroskopiskt material 2 enligt foreliggande uppfinning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Fig. 1 shows a flow chart regarding a method for drying hygroscopic material 2 according to the present invention. The method comprises the following steps and will be described together with Fig. 1 and also together with Fig. 2, which shows a device 1 for drying hygroscopic material 2 according to the invention, and Fig. 3, which shows a hygroscopic material 2 according to the present invention.

I ett forsta steg a sker tillforsel av hygroskopiskt material 2 i en torkkammare 4 innefattande ett torkmedium 6. I torkkammaren 4, som exempelvis kan vara en kammartork eller en vandringstork, kan klimatet styras pa onskat att. Torkmediet 6 utgors foretradesvis av varm luft med en styrd jamviktsfuktkvot som är lagre an fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Torkmediet 6 kan aven utgoras av nagot annat medium an luft, exempelvis en fluid. Det hygroskopiska materialet 2 är foretradesvis organiskt material med biologiskt ursprung, sasom trd, tory och biomassa. Uppfinningen lampar sig sdrskilt for torkning av travaror i form av sagat virke som har en tjocklek som är stOrre 8 mm, foretradesvis stone an 10 mm, eller i annan form, till exempel faner som har en tjocklek som är mindre an 8 mm, foretradesvis mindre an 4 mm. Flera delar av hygroskopiskt material 2, exempelvis trabitar, kan anordnas tillsammans genom stroldggning. Vid stroldggning anordnas stron 8, det viii saga distanselement av klent virke eller klent material annat an trd, mellan delarna av hygroskopiskt material 2 for att torkmediet 6 ska kunna transporteras mellan delarna av hygroskopiskt material 2. In a first step a, hygroscopic material 2 is supplied in a drying chamber 4 comprising a drying medium 6. In the drying chamber 4, which may be, for example, a chamber dryer or a walking dryer, the climate can be controlled as desired. The drying medium 6 preferably consists of hot air with a controlled equilibrium moisture ratio which is lower than the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The drying medium 6 can also be constituted by some medium other than air, for example a fluid. The hygroscopic material 2 is preferably organic material of biological origin, such as tree, tory and biomass. The invention is particularly suitable for drying troughs in the form of sawn timber having a thickness greater than 8 mm, preferably stone of 10 mm, or in another form, for example veneers having a thickness of less than 8 mm, preferably less and 4 mm. Several parts of hygroscopic material 2, for example trabiters, can be arranged together by irradiation. During irradiation, the strut 8, the said spacer element of thin wood or thin material or other, is arranged between the parts of hygroscopic material 2 so that the drying medium 6 can be transported between the parts of hygroscopic material 2.

I ett andra steg b sker tillforsel av energi till torkkammaren 4 for att fukten i det hygroskopiska materialet 2 skall avga genom fdrangning. Energin produceras av uppydrmningsorgan 10, exempelvis av vdrmeelement av olika slag. Torkmediet 6 transporterar bort fukten fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Torkningen sker foretradesvis fran en medelfuktkvot over fibermattnadsfuktkvoten till en medelfuktkvot under fi- bermattnadsfuktkvoten, men sker alltid fran en hogre medelfuktkvot till en ldgre medelfuktkvot. Vid torkning trd bortgar forst vattnet sa att cellhaligheterna toms. Ddrefter paborjas uttorkning av cellvaggarna. Den fuktkvot vid vilken cellhaligheterna uttorkats men cellvaggarna annu är vattenmattade kallas trdets fibermattnadsfuktkvot. Trd har ofta en fibermattnadskvot mellan cirka 25 % och cirka 30 %. In a second step b, energy is supplied to the drying chamber 4 so that the moisture in the hygroscopic material 2 will escape by displacement. The energy is produced by heating means 10, for example by heating elements of various kinds. The drying medium 6 transports the moisture away from the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The drying preferably takes place from an average moisture ratio over the fiber feed moisture ratio to an average moisture ratio below the fiber feed moisture ratio, but always takes place from a higher average moisture ratio to a lower average moisture ratio. When drying wood, first remove the water so that the cell cavities are emptied. Then the drying of the cell walls is started. The moisture ratio at which the cell cavities have dried out but the cell cradles are still water-saturated is called the thread's fiber matting moisture ratio. Trd often has a fiber fatigue ratio between about 25% and about 30%.

I ett tredje steg c sker kontinuerlig eller periodisk avkanning av torkmediets 2 torrtemperatur inuti torkkammaren 4 och kontinuerligt eller periodiskt avgivande av en utsignal for avkand torrtemperatur. Torrtemperaturen mats med ett forsta temperaturavkan- nande organ 12, foretradesvis en vanlig (ton) termometer, exempelvis en kvicksilver- termometer eller en digital termometer, pa ett eller flera stallen hos torkmediet 6. Fir att forbdttra mdtningen halls torkmediet 6 ventilerat runt det forsta temperaturavkannande organet 12. In a third step c, continuous or periodic sensing of the dry temperature of the drying medium 2 takes place inside the drying chamber 4 and continuous or periodic output of an output signal for sensing dry temperature. The dry temperature is measured with a first temperature sensing means 12, preferably an ordinary (ton) thermometer, for example a mercury thermometer or a digital thermometer, in one or more places of the drying medium 6. To improve the measurement, the drying medium 6 is kept ventilated around the first temperature sensing body 12.

I ett fjarde steg d sker kontinuerlig eller periodisk avkanning av torkmediets 2 Vattern- peratur inuti torkkammaren 4 och kontinuerligt eller periodiskt avgivande av en utsignal for avkand vattemperatur. Vattemperaturen mats med ett andra temperaturavkannande organ 14, ddr det andra temperaturavkannande organets 14 kanselkropp är omlindad med ett standigt fuktat material 16, som ar hygroskopiskt, exempelvis bomull eller tyg. Matningen sker pa ett eller flera stallen hos torkmediet 6. FOr att forbdttra mdtningen halls torkmediet 6 ventilerat runt det andra temperaturavkannande organet 14. 6 I ett femte steg e sker kontinuerlig eller periodisk avkanning av temperaturen hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytskikt 11 och kontinuerligt eller periodiskt avgivande av en utsignal for den avkanda temperaturen. Ytskiktet 11 är en tredimensionell geometri med en minimal tjocklek 17. Den minimala tjockleken 17 är mindre an 2 mm, foretra- desvis mindre an 0,2 mm. Matningen av ytskiktets 11 temperatur sker med ett tredje temperaturavkannande organ, foretradesvis en beroringsfri termometer 18, det vill saga en termometer som inte vidror foremalet vars temperatur den mater. En berdringsfri termometer 18 paverkar inte det hygroskopiska materialet 2, vilket leder till mer exakta matvarden an om en termometer som kraver kontakt med det hygroskopiska materialet 2 anvants. Matningen utfors pa ett eller flera stallen pa det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytskikt 11. Den beroringsfria termometem 18 kan exempelvis vara en pyrometer 18 eller en infrarod termometer 18, vilken har en mottagare, som mottager infrarod straining fran ett material och darefter beraknar materialets temperatur. Den beroringsfria termometern 18 har foretradesvis en mottagare som avkanner straining med vaglang- der stone an 700 nm, foretradesvis storre an 2,5 um, da straining med dessa vaglang- der har ett minimalt intrangningsdjup, vilket gar att den beroringsfria termometern 18 mater temperaturen endast hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytskikt 11. In a fourth step d, continuous or periodic sensing of the drying medium 2 water temperature takes place inside the drying chamber 4 and continuous or periodic emission of an output signal for sensed water temperature. The water temperature is measured with a second temperature sensing means 14, where the pulpit body of the second temperature sensing means 14 is wrapped with a constantly moistened material 16, which is hygroscopic, for example cotton or fabric. The feeding takes place in one or more places of the drying medium 6. To improve the feeding, the drying medium 6 is kept ventilated around the second temperature sensing means 14. In a fifth step e the temperature of the surface layer 11 of the hygroscopic material 2 is continuously or periodically sensed and continuously or periodically emitting an output signal for the dissipated temperature. The surface layer 11 is a three-dimensional geometry with a minimum thickness 17. The minimum thickness 17 is less than 2 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm. The temperature of the surface layer 11 is fed with a third temperature sensing means, preferably a non-contact thermometer 18, i.e. a thermometer which does not touch the form whose temperature it feeds. A non-contact thermometer 18 does not affect the hygroscopic material 2, which leads to more accurate food values if a thermometer that requires contact with the hygroscopic material 2 is used. The supply is carried out in one or more places on the surface layer 11 of the hygroscopic material 2. The non-contact thermometer 18 may be, for example, a pyrometer 18 or an infrared thermometer 18, which has a receiver which receives infrared radiation from a material and then calculates the temperature of the material. The non-contact thermometer 18 preferably has a receiver that senses straining with wavelengths stone of 700 nm, preferably larger than 2.5 μm, as straining with these wavelengths has a minimum penetration depth, which means that the non-contact thermometer 18 feeds the temperature only of the surface layer 11 of the hygroscopic material 2.

I ett sjatte steg f sker utnyttjande av utsignalen for avkand torrtemperatur, utsignalen for avkand vattemperatur och utsignalen for avkand yttemperatur for berakning av yt- fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 for regleringen av torkmediets 6 egenskaper. Torkmediets 6 egenskaper är dess temperatur och vatteninnehall. Torkmediets 6 temperatur regieras genom tilifOrsel av energi till torkkammaren 4. Torkmediets 6 vatteninnehall regleras genom basning, det vill saga tillforsel av fukt till torkkammaren 4. Da torrtemperaturen, vattemperaturen och yttemperaturen avkanns kontinuerligt eller periodiskt och utsignalerna for dessa avkanda temperaturer avges kontinuerligt eller periodiskt kan beraimingen av ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 gdras kontinuerligt eller periodiskt. Skillnaden mellan den torra och den vata temperaturen kallas psykrometerskillnad och ar ett matt pa den relativa luftfuktigheten. Den relativa luftfuktigheten anger andelen vattenanga i forhallande till den maximalt mOjii- ga mangden vattenanga vid aktuell temperatur och aktuellt tryck. Vatemperaturen ar alltid lika med eller lagre an torrtemperaturen, beroende pa hur mycket fukt det omgi- 7 vande torkningsmediet 6 innefattar. När vatten fran det hygroskopiska materialet 2 avdunstar gar det at varmeenergi och temperaturen sjunker. Detta pagar tills en jamvikt uppstar mellan den upptagna varmeenergin fran torkmediet 6 och energiatgangen for vattnets avdunstning. I borjan av torkforloppet erhaller det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta, om dess yta är mattad med fukt, den vata temperaturen. Allt eftersom torkning sker antar det hygroskopiska materialet 2 mer och mer den torra temperaturen. Nar det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta natt jamviktsfuktkvoten har ytan en temperatur lika med torkmediets 6 torrtemperatur. Yttemperaturen är saledes i relation till torr- och vattemperaturerna ett matt pa ytfuktkvoten. 10 Genom att skapa ett xy-diagram med temperatur angiven pa en axel och tid pa den andra axeln och tillfora de uppmdtta vardena for det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yttemperatur och torkmediets 6 torrtemperatur vid olika tidpunkter till xy-diagrammet är det mOjligt att med hjalp av det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yttemperaturkurva upp- skatta ndr yttemperaturkurvan kommer na torkmediets 6 temperatur. Denna uppskatt- ning gar saledes att torkningsprocessens slut kan forutsagas innan det skett, vilket gör det mojligt att styra torkningsprocessen med stone noggrannhet Ytfuktkvoten ger en indikation pa hastigheten med vilken vattnet forangas fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Tillforseln av energi regleras for att sdkerstdlla att forangningshastigheten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta inuti torkkammaren 4 halls under ett forutbestamt maximum. Pa sa sat kan icke onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 eller kvarstaende inre spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet 2 undvikas. Det hygrosko- piska materialets 2 ytfuktkvot kan ocksa anyandas for att optimera torkningstiden i forhallande till onskad produktkvalitet samt for att bestamma om det hygroskopiska materialet 2 har natt jamviktsfuktkvoten. In a sixth step f, the output signal for declining dry temperature, the output signal for declining water temperature and the output signal for declining surface temperature are used for calculating the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 for regulating the properties of the drying medium 6. The properties of the drying medium 6 are its temperature and water content. The temperature of the drying medium 6 is regulated by supplying energy to the drying chamber 4. The water content of the drying medium 6 is regulated by basing, i.e. supply of moisture to the drying chamber 4. Since the dry temperature, water temperature and surface temperature are sensed continuously or periodically and the output signals for these sensed temperatures are given continuously or periodically. the calculation of the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 is changed continuously or periodically. The difference between the dry and the wet temperature is called the psychrometer difference and is a measure of the relative humidity. The relative humidity indicates the proportion of water vapor in relation to the maximum possible amount of water vapor at the current temperature and current pressure. The water temperature is always equal to or lower than the dry temperature, depending on how much moisture the surrounding drying medium 6 comprises. When water from the hygroscopic material 2 evaporates, heat energy and temperature drop. This persists until an equilibrium arises between the absorbed heat energy from the drying medium 6 and the energy input for the evaporation of the water. At the beginning of the drying process, the surface of the hygroscopic material 2, if its surface is matted with moisture, retains the wet temperature. As drying takes place, the hygroscopic material 2 assumes more and more the dry temperature. When the surface area of the hygroscopic material 2 night equilibrium moisture ratio, the surface has a temperature equal to the dry temperature of the drying medium 6. The surface temperature is thus in relation to the dry and water temperatures a matt on the surface moisture ratio. By creating an xy diagram with a temperature indicated on one axis and time on the other axis and supplying the measured values of the surface temperature of the hygroscopic material 2 and the dry temperature of the drying medium 6 at different times to the xy diagram, it is possible to use estimate the surface temperature curve of the hygroscopic material when the surface temperature curve reaches the temperature of the drying medium 6. This estimate is that the end of the drying process can be predicted before it has taken place, which makes it possible to control the drying process with stone accuracy. The surface moisture ratio gives an indication of the rate at which the water evaporates from the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The supply of energy is regulated to ensure that the evaporation rate of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 inside the drying chamber 4 is kept below a predetermined maximum. Thus, undesirable deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material 2 or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material 2 can be avoided. The surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 can also be different to optimize the drying time in relation to the desired product quality and to determine whether the hygroscopic material 2 has a night equilibrium moisture ratio.

Medan det hygroskopiska materialet 2 torkas forflyttas vatten fran det inre hos det hyg- roskopiska materialet 2 till det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta for att sedan fOrangas till torkmediet 6 som passerar det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Vattnet i det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta forangas bara om fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materia- 8 lets 2 yta är hogre an det hygroskopiska materialets 2 jamviktsfuktkvot i torkmediet 6. Sâ lange som vattnet forflyttar sig genom ytan hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 till torkmediet 6, det vill saga sâ lange som torkning sker, är fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta hogre an torkmediets 6 jamviktsfuktkvot. Nar inget mer vatten forflyttar sig fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 inre till det hygroskopiska materia- lets 2 yta, det vill saga nar torkning har upphort och det inte finns flagon fuktkvotsgradient i det hygroskopiska materialet 2 langre, är fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta lika med torkmediets 6 jamviktsfuktkvot. While the hygroscopic material 2 is being dried, water is moved from the interior of the hygroscopic material 2 to the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 and is then transported to the drying medium 6 which passes the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The water in the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 evaporates only if the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 is higher than the equilibrium moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 in the drying medium 6. As long as the water moves through the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 to the drying medium 6, want to say as long as drying takes place, the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 is higher than the equilibrium moisture ratio of the drying medium 6. When no more water moves from the interior of the hygroscopic material 2 to the surface of the hygroscopic material 2, i.e. when drying has ceased and there is no flake moisture ratio gradient in the hygroscopic material 2 longer, the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 is equal with the drying medium's 6 equilibrium moisture ratio.

Genom att skapa ett xy-diagram med fuktkvot angiven pa en axel och tid pa den andra axeln och infora de uppmatta vardena for det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytfuktkvot och torkmediets 6 jamviktsfuktkvot vid olika tidpunkter i xy-diagrammet är det mojligt, innan det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytfuktkvot natt torkmediets 6 jamviktsfuktkvot, att med hjalp av det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytfuktkvotkurva uppskatta nar det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytfuktkvotkurva kommer nâ torkmediets 6 jamvikts- fuktkvot. Denna uppskattning gör saledes att torkningsprocessens slut kan forutsagas innan det skett, vilket gör det mojligt att styra torkningsprocessen med storre noggrannhet Tra innehafier alltid en viss mangd vatten bundet i cellvaggarna. Detta vatten star i direkt fOrhallande dels till den omgivande luftens temperatur men framforallt till den relativa luftfuktigheten. Den fuktkvot som traet stravar efter att inta med hansyn till luftens temperatur och relativa fuktighet kallas jiimviktsfuktkvot och anges likaledes i procent av torrvikten. Ar traet fuktigare an jamviktsfuktkvoten kommer traet avge vat- ten till den omgivande luften och dessutom krympa. Omvant tar traet upp fukt fran den omgivande luften och svaller om traets fuktkvot är lagre an den radande jamviktsfuktkvoten. Tra som byggs in i konstruktioner bor darfor ha en fuktkvot som sa nara som mOjfigt overensstammer med jamviktsfuktkvoten i den fardiga konstruktionen fcir att undvika fuktrorelser. By creating an xy diagram with moisture ratio indicated on one axis and time on the other axis and entering the measured values for the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 and the equilibrium moisture ratio of the drying medium 6 at different times in the xy diagram surface moisture ratio at night the equilibrium moisture ratio of the drying medium 6, to estimate with the aid of the surface moisture ratio curve of the hygroscopic material 2 when the surface moisture ratio curve of the hygroscopic material 2 reaches the equilibrium moisture ratio of the drying medium 6. This estimate thus means that the end of the drying process can be predicted before it has taken place, which makes it possible to control the drying process with greater accuracy. Tra always holds a certain amount of water bound in the cell walls. This water is directly related partly to the temperature of the surrounding air but above all to the relative humidity. The moisture ratio that the tree strives to ingest with regard to the temperature and relative humidity of the air is called the equilibrium moisture ratio and is also stated as a percentage of the dry weight. If the wood is more moist than the equilibrium moisture ratio, the wood will release water to the surrounding air and also shrink. The tree absorbs moisture from the surrounding air and swells if the tree's moisture content is lower than the radiating equilibrium moisture content. Wood that is built into constructions should therefore have a moisture ratio that is as close as possible to the equilibrium moisture ratio in the finished construction in order to avoid moisture movements.

I ett sjunde steg g sker reglering av torkmediets 6 flodeshastighet och flodesriktning. Torkmediets 6 flodeshastighet och flodesriktning kan matas med en flodesmatare 24. 9 For att Oka energitillforseln till det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan torkmediets 6 hastighet och/eller temperatur okas och for att sanka energitillforseln till det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan torkmediets 6 hastighet och/eller temperatur sankas. Cirkulation av torkmediet 6 sker med hjdlp av ventilationsorgan 20. Ventilationsorganen 20 drivs av en motor 21 och kan variera flodesriktning hos torkmediet 6 genom reversering, det vill saga andring av rotationsriktningen. Reversering av torkmediet 6 är fordelaktigt yid torkning Om inte reversering av torkmediet 6 sker torkar det hygroskopiska material 2 som traffas av torkmediet 6 forst snabbare an det hygroskopiska material 2 som traffas av torkmediet 6 sist. In a seventh step g, the flow rate and river direction of the drying medium 6 are regulated. The flow rate and river direction of the drying medium 6 can be fed with a river feeder 24. To increase the energy supply to the hygroscopic material 2, the speed and / or temperature of the drying medium 6 can be increased and to decrease the energy supply to the hygroscopic material 2, the speed and / or temperature of the drying medium 6 can be increased. . Circulation of the drying medium 6 takes place with the aid of ventilation means 20. The ventilation means 20 are driven by a motor 21 and can vary the flow direction of the drying medium 6 by reversing, i.e. changing the direction of rotation. Reversal of the drying medium 6 is advantageous in drying. If the reversing of the drying medium 6 does not take place, the hygroscopic material 2 hit by the drying medium 6 dries faster than the hygroscopic material 2 hit by the drying medium 6 last.

I ett attonde steg h sker utbyte av torkmedium 6. Ar det omgivande torkmediet 6 torrt kan det ta upp mer vattenanga fran det hygroskopiska materialet 2 i forhallande till om torkmediet 6 är fuktigt vid samma temperatur. Ar torkmediet 6 mattat med vatten, det vill saga om den relativa luftfuktigheten är 100 %, kan inte torkmediet 6 ta upp nagon fukt alls. Det är dad& viktigt att byta ut det fuktiga torkmediet 6 omkring det hygro- skopiska materialet 2 mot nytt torrt torkmedium 6 for att torkningen skall fortga. Torkmediet 6 avlagsnas fran torkkammaren 4 genom minst en ventilationsoppning 25 och nytt torkmedium 6 tillfors till torkkammaren 4 genom minst en ventilationsoppning 25. Torkmediet 6 kan ocksa. avldgsnas fran torkkammaren 4 och avfuktas, genom exempelvis kondenstorkning, for att darefter aterinforas i torkkammaren 4. In an eighth step h, drying medium 6 is replaced. If the surrounding drying medium 6 is dry, it can absorb more water vapor from the hygroscopic material 2 in relation to whether the drying medium 6 is moist at the same temperature. If the drying medium 6 is matted with water, that is to say if the relative humidity is 100%, the drying medium 6 cannot absorb any moisture at all. It is important to replace the moist drying medium 6 around the hygroscopic material 2 with a new dry drying medium 6 in order for the drying to continue. The drying medium 6 is removed from the drying chamber 4 through at least one ventilation opening 25 and new drying medium 6 is supplied to the drying chamber 4 through at least one ventilation opening 25. The drying medium 6 can also. is drained from the drying chamber 4 and dehumidified, for example by condensing drying, to then be re-introduced into the drying chamber 4.

Anordningen 1 enligt uppfinningen innefattar, som namnts ovan, en torkkammare 4 for inrymmande av hygroskopiskt material 2 och ett torkmedium 6 och uppvarmningsorgan 10 for tillforande av energi till torkkammaren 4. Torkkammaren 4 kan exempelvis vara en kammartork eller vandringstork. Det hygroskopiska materialet 2 är foretrades- vis organiskt material med biologiskt ursprung, sasom trd, tory och biomassa. Anordningen ldmpar sig sdrskilt for torkning av travaror i form av sagat virke som har en tjocklek som är stOrre 8 mm, foretrddesvis stone an 10 mm, eller i annan form, till exempel faner som har en tjocklek som är mindre an 8 mm, foretradesvis mindre an 4 mm. Flera delar av hygroskopiskt material 2, exempelvis trabitar, kan anordnas till- sammans genom stroldggning. Vid strolaggning anordnas stron 8, det vill saga distanselement av klent virke eller klent material annat an trd, mellan delarna av hygrosko- piskt material 2 for att torkmediet 6 ska kunna transporteras mellan delarna av hygroskopiskt material 2. The device 1 according to the invention comprises, as mentioned above, a drying chamber 4 for accommodating hygroscopic material 2 and a drying medium 6 and heating means 10 for supplying energy to the drying chamber 4. The drying chamber 4 may for instance be a chamber dryer or traveling dryer. The hygroscopic material 2 is preferably organic material of biological origin, such as tree, tory and biomass. The device is particularly suitable for drying troughs in the form of sawn timber having a thickness greater than 8 mm, preferably stone of 10 mm, or in another form, for example veneers having a thickness less than 8 mm, preferably less and 4 mm. Several parts of hygroscopic material 2, for example trabiters, can be arranged together by irradiation. When laying straws, straws 8, i.e. spacer elements of thin wood or other thin material, are arranged between the parts of hygroscopic material 2 so that the drying medium 6 can be transported between the parts of hygroscopic material 2.

Uppvarmningsorganen 10 är exempelvis varmeelement av olika slag. Torkmediet 6 transporterar bort fukten fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta och är foretrddesvis varm luft med en styrd jamviktsfuktkvot som är lagre an fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Torkningen sker foretradesvis fran en medelfuktkvot Over fibermattnadsfuktkvoten till en medelfuktkvot under fibermattnadsfuktkvoten, men sker alltid fran en hogre medelfuktkvot till en lagre medelfuktkvot. Vid torkning av trd bort& forst vattnet sâ att cellhaligheterna toms. Darefter paborjas uttorkning av cell- vaggarna. Den fuktkvot vid vilken cellhaligheterna uttorkats men cellvaggarna annu är vattenmattade kallas trdets fibermattnadsfuktkvot. The heating means 10 are, for example, heating elements of various kinds. The drying medium 6 transports the moisture away from the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 and is preferably hot air with a controlled equilibrium moisture ratio which is lower than the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The drying preferably takes place from an average moisture ratio above the fiber saturation moisture ratio to an average moisture ratio below the fiber saturation moisture ratio, but always takes place from a higher average moisture ratio to a lower average moisture ratio. When drying the wire away & first the water so that the cell cavities are emptied. Then the drying of the cell rocks is started. The moisture ratio at which the cell cavities have dried out but the cell cradles are still water-saturated is called the thread's fiber matting moisture ratio.

Vidare innefattar anordningen 1 forsta temperaturavkannande organ 12 for avkanning av torkmediets 6 torrtemperatur inuti torkkammaren 4 och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand torrtemperatur, andra temperaturavkannande organ 14 for avkanning av torkmediets 6 vattemperatur inuti torkkammaren 4 och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand vattemperatur, tredje temperaturavkannande organ 18 for avkanning av det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yttemperatur och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand yttem- peratur. Furthermore, the device 1 comprises first temperature sensing means 12 for sensing the dry temperature of the drying medium 6 inside the drying chamber 4 and emitting an output signal for sensing dry temperature, second temperature sensing means 14 for sensing the water temperature of the drying medium 6 inside the drying chamber 4 and emitting a third temperature sensing water temperature, means 18 for sensing the surface temperature of the hygroscopic material 2 and emitting an output signal for sensing surface temperature.

Det forsta temperaturavkannande organet 12 är foretradesvis en vanlig (ton) termometer, exempelvis en kvicksilvertermometer eller en digital termometer. Det fOrsta temperaturavkannande organet 12 utak kontinuerligt eller periodiskt matningen pa ett eller flera stallen hos torkmediet 6. For att forbattra matningen halls torkmediet 6 ventilerat runt det forsta temp eraturavkannande organet 12. The first temperature sensing means 12 is preferably an ordinary (ton) thermometer, for example a mercury thermometer or a digital thermometer. The first temperature sensing means 12 continuously or periodically takes out the supply at one or more places of the drying medium 6. To improve the supply, the drying medium 6 is kept ventilated around the first temperature sensing means 12.

Det andra temperaturavkannande organets 14 kanselkropp är omlindad med ett standigt fuktat material 16, exempelvis bomull eller tyg. Matningen sker kontinuerligt eller periodiskt pa ett eller flera stallen hos torkmediet 6. For att forbattra matningen halls torkmediet 6 ventilerat runt det andra temperaturavkannande organet 14. 11 Som tidigare namnts ovan är det tredje temperaturavkannande organet 18 foretradesvis en beroringsfri termometer, det viii saga en termometer som inte vidror foremalet vars temperatur den mater. Matningen utfors pa. ett eller flera stallen pa det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytskikt 11. Ytskiktet 11 är en tredimensionell geometri, som har en mi- nimal tjocklek 17. Den beroringsfria termometern 18 paverkar inte det hygroskopiska materialet 2, vilket leder till mer exakta matvarden an om en termometer som kraver kontakt med det hygroskopiska materialet 2 anvants. Som namnts °van kan den beroringsfria termometern 18 exempelvis vara en infrarod termometer eller pyrometer. The pulpit body of the second temperature sensing member 14 is wrapped with a constantly moistened material 16, for example cotton or fabric. The feeding takes place continuously or periodically in one or more places of the drying medium 6. In order to improve the feeding, the drying medium 6 is kept ventilated around the second temperature sensing means 14. As previously mentioned above, the third temperature sensing means 18 is preferably a non-contact thermometer, i.e. a thermometer which does not touch the form whose temperature it feeds. The feed is performed on. one or more places on the surface layer 11 of the hygroscopic material 2. The surface layer 11 is a three-dimensional geometry, which has a minimum thickness 17. The non-contact thermometer 18 does not affect the hygroscopic material 2, which leads to a more precise food value than a thermometer which requires contact with the hygroscopic material 2 used. As mentioned, the non-contact thermometer 18 can be, for example, an infrared thermometer or a pyrometer.

Anordningen 1 innefattar aven en styrenhet 22, som mottager utsignalen for avkand torrtemperatur, utsignalen for avkand vattemperatur och utsignalen for avkand yttemperatur genom en signalledning 23 eller en tradlos konstruktion. Styrenheten 22 beraknar sedan ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 samt reglerar torkmediets 6 egenskaper. Torkmediets 6 egenskaper är dess temperatur och vatteninnehall. Torkme- diets 6 temperatur regleras genom tillforsel av energi till torkkammaren 4. Torkmediets 6 vatteninnehaft regleras genom basning, det viii saga tillforsel av fukt till torkkammaren 4. Tillforseln av fukt till torkkammaren 4 sker med hjalp av en basningsanordning 26. DA torrtemperaturen, vattemperaturen och yttemperaturen avkanns kontinuerligt eller periodiskt kan berakningen av ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 goras kontinuerligt eller periodiskt. I borjan av torkforloppet erhafter det hygroskopis- ka materialets 2 yta, om dess yta är mattad med fukt, vattemperaturen. Alit eftersom torkning sker antar det hygroskopiska materialet 2 mer och mer den torra temperaturen. När det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta natt jamviktsfuktkvoten har ytan en temperatur lika med torrtemperaturen. Yttemperaturen ar saledes i relation till torr- och vattemperaturerna ett matt pa ytfuktkvoten. The device 1 also comprises a control unit 22, which receives the output signal for remote dry temperature, the output signal for remote water temperature and the output signal for remote surface temperature through a signal line 23 or a wireless construction. The control unit 22 then calculates the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 and regulates the properties of the drying medium 6. The properties of the drying medium 6 are its temperature and water content. The temperature of the drying medium 6 is regulated by supplying energy to the drying chamber 4. The water content of the drying medium 6 is regulated by basing, i.e. the supply of moisture to the drying chamber 4. The supply of moisture to the drying chamber 4 takes place by means of a basing device 26. DA the dry temperature, water temperature and the surface temperature is sensed continuously or periodically, the calculation of the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 can be done continuously or periodically. At the beginning of the drying process, the surface of the hygroscopic material 2, if its surface is matted with moisture, acquires the water temperature. As drying takes place, the hygroscopic material 2 assumes more and more the dry temperature. When the surface area of the hygroscopic material 2 night equilibrium moisture ratio, the surface has a temperature equal to the dry temperature. The surface temperature is thus in relation to the dry and water temperatures a measure of the surface moisture ratio.

Ytfuktkvoten ger en indikation pa hastigheten med vilken vattnet forangas fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Tiiifbrsein av energi regleras air att sakerstalla att forangningshastigheten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta inuti torkkammaren 4 halls under ett forutbestamt maximum. PA sa. satt kan icke onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 eller kvarstaende inre spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet 2 undvikas. Vattnets for- 12 angningshastighet fran det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan ocksa anvandas for att optimera torkningstiden och/eller energiatgangen i forhallande till onskad produktkvalitet samt for att bestamma om det hygroskopiska materialet 2 har natt jamviktsfuktkvoten. The surface moisture ratio gives an indication of the rate at which the water evaporates from the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The flow of energy is regulated to ensure that the evaporation rate of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 inside the drying chamber 4 is kept below a predetermined maximum. PA sa. Thus, undesirable deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material 2 or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material 2 can be avoided. The evaporation rate of the water from the hygroscopic material 2 can also be used to optimize the drying time and / or the energy input in relation to the desired product quality and to determine whether the hygroscopic material 2 has the equilibrium moisture ratio at night.

Vidare innefattar foreliggande uppfinning ventilationsorgan 20 for reglering av tork- mediets 6 flodeshastighet och flodesriktning. Torkmediets 6 flodeshastighet och flödesriktning kan matas med en flodesmdtare 24. Ventilationsorganen 20 drivs av en motor 21. For att Oka energitillforseln till det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan torkmediets 6 hastighet och/eller temperatur okas och for att sanka energitillffirseln till det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan torkmediets 6 hastighet och/eller temperatur sankas. Furthermore, the present invention comprises ventilation means 20 for regulating the flow rate and flow direction of the drying medium 6. The flow rate and flow direction of the drying medium 6 can be fed with a flow meter 24. The ventilation means 20 are driven by a motor 21. In order to increase the energy supply to the hygroscopic material 2, the speed and / or temperature of the drying medium 6 can be increased and to slow down the energy supply to the hygroscopic material 2. 6 speed and / or temperature is collected.

Ventilationsorganet 20 varierar flodesriktningen hos torkmediet 6 genom reversering, det vill saga andring av rotationsriktningen. Reversering av torkmediet 6 är fordelaktigt vid torkning. Om inte reversering av torkmediet 6 sker torkar det hygroskopiska material 2 som traffas av torkmediet 6 ffirst snabbare an det hygroskopiska material 2 som traffas av torkmediet 6 sist. The ventilation means 20 varies the river direction of the drying medium 6 by reversing, i.e. changing the direction of rotation. Reversal of the drying medium 6 is advantageous when drying. If no reversal of the drying medium 6 takes place, the hygroscopic material 2 hit by the drying medium 6 dries faster than the hygroscopic material 2 hit by the drying medium 6 last.

Ventilationsorganet 20 kan awn byta ut torkmediet 6. Ar det omgivande torkmediet 6 torrt kan det ta upp mer vattenanga fran det hygroskopiska materialet 2 i forhallande till om torkmediet 6 är fuktigt vid samma temperatur. Ar torkmediet 6 mdttat med vat- ten, det vill saga om den relativa luftfuktigheten är 100 %, kan inte torkmediet 6 ta upp nagon fukt ails. Det är dad& viktigt att byta ut det fuktiga torkmediet 6 omkring det hygroskopiska materialet 2 mot nytt torrt torkmedium 6 for att torkningen skall fortga. Torkmediet 6 avldgsnas fran torkkammaren 4 genom minst en ventilationsoppning 25 och nytt torkmedium 6 tillfors till torkkammaren 4. Torkmediet 6 kan ocksa avldgsnas fran torkkammaren 4 och avfuktas, genom exempelvis kondenstorkning, for att daref- ter aterinforas i torkkammaren 4. 13 The ventilation means 20 can awn replace the drying medium 6. If the surrounding drying medium 6 is dry, it can absorb more water vapor from the hygroscopic material 2 in relation to whether the drying medium 6 is moist at the same temperature. If the drying medium 6 is saturated with water, ie if the relative humidity is 100%, the drying medium 6 cannot absorb any moisture ails. It is important to replace the moist drying medium 6 around the hygroscopic material 2 with a new dry drying medium 6 in order for the drying to continue. The drying medium 6 is drained from the drying chamber 4 through at least one ventilation opening 25 and new drying medium 6 is supplied to the drying chamber 4. The drying medium 6 can also be drained from the drying chamber 4 and dehumidified, for example by condensing drying, to be re-introduced into the drying chamber 4. 13

Claims (22)

Patentkrav 1. Metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material (2), innefattande stegen:A method of drying hygroscopic material (2), comprising the steps of: 1. tillforsel av hygroskopiskt material (2) i en torkkammare (4) innefattande ett torkmedium (6), 2. tillforsel av energi till torkkammaren (4), 3. avkanning av torkmediets (6) torrtemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand torrtemperatur, 4. avkanning av torkmediets (6) vattemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand vattemperatur, 5. avkanning av temperaturen hos det hygroskopiska materialets (2) ytskikt (11) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand yttemperatur, kannetecknad av steget: 0 utnyttjande av utsignalen for avkand torrtemperatur, utsignalen fcir avkand vattempe- 1 ratur och utsignalen for avkand yttemperatur for berakning av ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet (2) for regleringen av torkmediets (6) egenskaper.1. supply of hygroscopic material (2) in a drying chamber (4) comprising a drying medium (6), 2. supply of energy to the drying chamber (4), 3. sensing the dry temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and releasing an output signal for sensing dry temperature, 4. sensing the water temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing water temperature, 5. sensing the temperature of the surface layer (11) of the hygroscopic material (2) and emitting an output signal for defrost surface temperature, can be drawn from the step: using the output signal for defrost dry temperature, the output signal for defrost water temperature and the output signal for defrost surface temperature for calculating the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material (2) for regulating the drying medium (6) properties. 2. Metoden enligt krav 1, kanneteeknad av att torkmediets (6) egenskaper är dess temperatur och vatteninnehall.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the properties of the drying medium (6) are its temperature and water content. 3. Metoden enligt krav 1 eller 2, kannetecknad av det ytterligare steget: g) reglering av torkmediets (6) flodeshastighet och flodesriktningThe method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the further step: g) regulating the flow rate and river direction of the drying medium (6) 4. Metoden enligt nagot av ovanstaende krav, kanneteeknad av det ytterligare steget: h) utbyte av torkmediet (6).The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the further step: h) replacement of the drying medium (6). 5. Metoden enligt nagot av ovanstaende krav, kanneteeknad av att torkningen av hygroskopiskt material (2) sker fran en ytfuktkvot stone an fibermattnadsfuktkvoten till en ytfuktkvot mindre an fibermattnadsfuktkvoten.The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drying of hygroscopic material (2) takes place from a surface moisture ratio of stone to the fiber saturation moisture ratio to a surface moisture ratio smaller than the fiber matting moisture ratio. 6. Metoden enligt nagot av ovansfaende krav, kanneteeknad av att det hygroskopiska materialet (2) är tra, tory eller biomassa. 14The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hygroscopic material (2) is tra, tory or biomass. 14 7. Metoden enligt nagot av ovanstaende krav, kannetecknad av att det hygroskopiska materialets (2) tjocklek är stone an 8 mm, foretradesvis stone an 10 mm.The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the hygroscopic material (2) is stone of 8 mm, preferably stone of 10 mm. 8. Metoden enligt nagot av krav 1-6, kannetecknad av att det hygroskopiska materia- lets (2) tjocklek är mindre an 8 mm, foretradesvis mindre an 4 mm.The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the thickness of the hygroscopic material (2) is less than 8 mm, preferably less than 4 mm. 9. Metoden enligt nagot av ovanstaende krav, kannetecknad av att avkanningen av det hygroskopiska materialets (2) yttemperatur utfors med hjalp av en infrarod termometer (18) eller en pyrometer (18). 10The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensing of the surface temperature of the hygroscopic material (2) is carried out by means of an infrared thermometer (18) or a pyrometer (18). 10 10. Metoden enligt krav 9, kannetecknad av att den infraroda termometem (18) har en mottagare som avkanner straining med vaglangder stone an 700 nm, foretradesvis stone an 2,5 um.The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the infrared thermometer (18) has a receiver which senses straining with wavelengths of stone at 700 nm, preferably stone at 2.5 μm. 11. Metoden enligt nagot av ovanstaende krav, kannetecknad av att torkmediet (6) är luft.The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drying medium (6) is air. 12. Anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material (2), innefattande en torkkammare (4) for inrymmande av hygroskopiskt material (2) och ett torkmedium (6), upp- varmningsorgan (10) for tillforande av energi till torkkammaren (4), forsta temperatur- avkannande organ (12) for avkanning av torkmediets (6) torrtemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand torrtemperatur, andra temperaturavkannande organ (14) fdr avkanning av torkmediets (6) vattemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand vattemperatur, tredje tempera- turavkannande organ (18) for avkanning av temperaturen hos det hygroskopiska mate- rialets (2) ytskikt (11) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand yttemperatur, kannetecknad av en styrenhet (22), som mottager utsignalen for avkand torrtemperatur, utsignalen for avkand vattemperatur och utsignalen for avkand yttemperatur, och vilken styrenhet (22) med hjalp av mottagna signaler beraknar ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska ma- terialet (2) samt reglerar torkmediets (6) egenskaper.Device for drying hygroscopic material (2), comprising a drying chamber (4) for containing hygroscopic material (2) and a drying medium (6), heating means (10) for supplying energy to the drying chamber (4), first temperature sensing means (12) for sensing the dry temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing dry temperature, other temperature sensing means (14) for sensing the water temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting of an output signal for sensing water temperature, a third temperature sensing means (18) for sensing the temperature of the surface layer (11) of the hygroscopic material (2) and outputting an output signal for sensing surface temperature, which can be marked by a control unit (22), which receives the output temperature for the output dry temperature, the output signal for the output water temperature and the output signal for the output surface temperature, and which control unit (22), with the aid of received signals, calculates the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscope the material (2) and regulates the properties of the drying medium (6). 13. Anordningen enligt krav 12, kannetecknad av att torkmediets (6) egenskaper är dess temperatur och vatteninnehall.The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the properties of the drying medium (6) are its temperature and water content. 14. Anordningen enligt krav 12 eller 13, kannetecknad av att den vidare innefattar ventilationsorgan (20) for reglering av torkmediets (6) flodeshastighet och flodesrikt- ning.The device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that it further comprises ventilation means (20) for controlling the flow rate and flow direction of the drying medium (6). 15. Anordningen enligt nagot av krav 12-14, kannetecknad av att torkkammaren (4) innefattar minst en ventilationsoppning (25) for utbyte av torkmediet (6). 10The device according to any one of claims 12-14, characterized in that the drying chamber (4) comprises at least one ventilation opening (25) for replacing the drying medium (6). 10 16. Anordningen enligt nagot av krav 12-15, kannetecknad av att torkningen av hygroskopiskt material (2) sker fran en ytfuktkvot stone an fibermattnadsfuktkvoten till en ytfuktkvot mindre an fibermattnadsfuktkvoten.The device according to any one of claims 12-15, characterized in that the drying of hygroscopic material (2) takes place from a surface moisture ratio of less than the fiber moisture content ratio to a surface moisture ratio less than the fiber feed moisture ratio. 17. Anordningen enligt nagot av krav 12-16, kannetecknad av att det hygroskopiska materialet (2) är tra, tory eller biomassa.The device according to any one of claims 12-16, characterized in that the hygroscopic material (2) is tra, tory or biomass. 18. Anordningen enligt nagot av krav 12-17, kannetecknad av att det hygroskopiska materialets (2) tjocklek är stone an 8mm, foretradesvis stone an 10 mm.The device according to any one of claims 12-17, characterized in that the thickness of the hygroscopic material (2) is stone of 8 mm, preferably stone of 10 mm. 19. Anordningen enligt nagot av krav 12-17, kannetecknad av att det hygroskopiska materialets (2) tjocklek är mindre an 8mm, foretradesvis mindre an 4 mm.The device according to any one of claims 12-17, characterized in that the thickness of the hygroscopic material (2) is less than 8 mm, preferably less than 4 mm. 20. Anordningen enligt nagot av krav 12-19, kannetecknad av att det tredje tempera- turavkannande organet (18) är en infrarod termometer eller en pyrometer.The device according to any one of claims 12-19, characterized in that the third temperature sensing means (18) is an infrared thermometer or a pyrometer. 21. Anordningen enligt krav 20, kannetecknad av att den infraroda termometern (18) har en mottagare som avkanner straining med vaglangder stone an 700 nm, fbretradesvis stone an 2,5 um.The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the infrared thermometer (18) has a receiver which senses straining with wavelengths of stone at 700 nm, preferably stone at 2.5 μm. 22. Anordningen enligt nagot av krav 12-21, kannetecknad av att torkmediet (6) är luft.The device according to any one of claims 12-21, characterized in that the drying medium (6) is air.
SE1350208A 2013-02-21 2013-02-21 Method of drying hygroscopic material and apparatus for drying hygroscopic material. SE537826C2 (en)

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EP14753723.7A EP2959247B1 (en) 2013-02-21 2014-02-13 Method for drying hygroscopic material and apparatus for drying hygroscopic material
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US3350789A (en) * 1966-11-23 1967-11-07 Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd Method of determining the moisture content of thin porous materials
US3721013A (en) * 1971-06-04 1973-03-20 Canadian Patents Dev Method of drying wood
CA1189192A (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-06-18 Michael R. Clarke Method and apparatus for rapidly determining the moisture content of a substance
FI79198C (en) * 1986-02-24 1989-11-10 Valtion Teknillinen Method and apparatus for measuring and controlling the moisture content of the drying air in a drying machine for textile materials.
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