SE123726C1 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- SE123726C1 SE123726C1 SE123726DA SE123726C1 SE 123726 C1 SE123726 C1 SE 123726C1 SE 123726D A SE123726D A SE 123726DA SE 123726 C1 SE123726 C1 SE 123726C1
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- alloys
- treatment
- temperature
- alloy
- aging
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
Uppfinnare: D. W. Smith och W. L. Fink. Inventors: D. W. Smith and W. L. Fink.
Prioritet beglird frdn deu 26 inaj 1939 (Amerikas f6renta stater). Priority given from 26 January 1939 (United States of America).
Denna uppfinning hanf Sr .sig till varmebehandling av s. k. sjalvhardande aluminiumlegeringar. Med aluminiumlegeringar menas har legeringar innehallande mera an 50 aluminium och en aterstod av ett eller flera andra legeringselement. Uttrycket sjalyhardande skall forklaras i dot foljande. This invention relates to heat treatment of so-called self-hardening aluminum alloys. By aluminum alloys is meant alloys containing more than 50 aluminum and a residue of one or more other alloying elements. The term self-hardening shall be explained in the following.
Vissa fysikaliska egenskaper hos aluminiumlegeringar och sarskilt legeringar av denna metall innehallande koppar kunna forbattras genom olika varmebehandlingar. En av de vanligaste av dessa behandlingar, ofta kallad losningsvarmebehandling, bestar i att metallen utsattes for en forhojd temperatur obetydligt under smaltpunkten for den lattast smaltbara bestandsdelen .av legeringen. Detta ftirfarande astadkommer en losning av legeringens losliga legeringselement i grundmetallen vid den hoga temperaturen, och losningstillstándet kan upprntthallas i legeringen. vid vanlig temperatur genom hastig avkylning och resulterar i en omedelbar eller senare Okning i hallfasthelen, hardheten och elasticiteten hos metallen. Certain physical properties of aluminum alloys and in particular alloys of this metal containing copper can be improved by various heat treatments. One of the most common of these treatments, often referred to as heat dissipation treatment, is that the metal is subjected to an elevated temperature slightly below the melting point of the most readily meltable component of the alloy. This method provides a release of the loose alloy element of the alloy into the parent metal at the high temperature, and the release condition can be maintained in the alloy. at ordinary temperature by rapid cooling and results in an immediate or later increase in the half-strength, hardness and elasticity of the metal.
Ehuru de ovan beskrivna legeringarnas hallfasthet och hardhet Ras genom losningsvarmebehandlingen och avkylningen, kunna dessa legeringar likval mekaniskt f ormforandras yid de vanliga fabrikationsprocesserna omedelbart efter ,avkylningen. For vissa legeringar galler -vidare, att om de fa sta eller aidras under nagra dagar t. o. m. vid vanlig temperatur, fortsatter deras hallfasthet och hard-het att Oka aven utover de varden, som radde omedelbart efter 10sningsvarmebehandlingen och avkylningen. Although the half-strength and hardness of the alloys described above are affected by the heat dissipation treatment and the cooling, these alloys can nevertheless be mechanically deformed by the usual manufacturing processes immediately after the cooling. For some alloys, moreover, if they are solid or refractory for a few days, even at ordinary temperature, their half-strength and hardness continue to increase beyond the values which prevailed immediately after the heat treatment and cooling.
Denna smaningom skeende forandring i fysikaliska egenskaper vid vanlig eller rumstemperatur kallas liar sjalvhardning eller sjalvaldring till skillnad Iran artificiell aldring. Artificiell aldring kannetecknar verkan pa losningsbehandlade legeringar av en relativt lag temperatur hogre an rumstemperatur. Sjalvhardande eller sjalvaldrande legeringar aro darfor legeringar, som utveckla vissa egenskaper sasom minskad tanjbarhet och Rad hardhet och hallfa.sthet vid vanlig ternperatur efter en 15sningsbehandling sadan rsom ovan angivits. This gradual change in physical properties at ordinary or room temperature is called liar self-hardening or self-hardening unlike Iran artificial aging. Artificial aging can have an effect on solution-treated alloys of a relatively low temperature above room temperature. Self-hardening or self-hardening alloys are therefore alloys which develop certain properties such as reduced extensibility and Rad hardness and half-strength at ordinary temperature after a soldering treatment as indicated above.
Pa grund av denna hardning, som ager rum av sig sjalv i dessa legeringar och som hindrande pawrkar deras bearbetningsegenskaper, ãr del .ofta nodvandigt, att en legering, som shall formas efter losningsvarmebehandling, underkastas sina formningsbehandlingar omedelbart efter aykylning till vanlig temperatur och innan den naturliga fildringen iikat doss hardhet till den punkt, da.r den icke langre kan mekaniskt bearbetas. Ingen tillfredsstallande metod har uppfunnits, varigenom en aldringshOrdad legering kan grOras mjukare och tillrackligt plastisk for att medgiva lart tillampning av alla formningsprocesser. Me-fallen kan glodgas fore tillverkningen, men detta ar otillfredsstallande, emedan metallen efter utglodgningen icke aldringshardar och atervinner sina tidigare .egenskaper. Den enda utvagen har varit att upprepa losningsvarmebehandlingen vid hog temperatur for att framkalla en aterupplosning av dess, bestandsdelar och overvinna verkningarna av aldringshardningen och att sedan avkyla metallen. Efter detta forfarande kan metallen omedelbart f or-inns och sedan anyo aldras och atervinna de egenskaper, som berovats densamma genom den senaste losningsvarmebehandlingen. Due to this hardening, which takes place spontaneously in these alloys and which hinders their machining properties, it is often necessary that an alloy, which is to be formed after heat of treatment, be subjected to its forming treatments immediately after cooling to normal temperature and before the natural filling ring equates to the hardness to the point where it can no longer be mechanically machined. No satisfactory method has been invented whereby an aging-hardened alloy can be made softer and sufficiently plastic to allow light application of all forming processes. The cases can be annealed before manufacture, but this is unsatisfactory, because the metal after annealing does not age harden and regains its previous properties. The only solution has been to repeat the heat dissipation treatment at high temperature to induce a redissolution of its constituents and overcome the effects of the aging cure and then to cool the metal. After this process, the metal can be immediately formed and then aged and regained the properties which have been deprived of the same by the last heat-dissolving heat treatment.
Ett andamal med derma uppfinning am all skaffa .ett forfaringssatt for fOrbattring av aldringshardade legeringars bearbetningsegenskaper. Uppfinningen har ytterligare till andamal att skaffa ett forbattrat forfaringssatt, varigenom legeringar kunna goras mere plastiska .efter losningsvarmebehandling och aldringshardning, vilket forfaringssatt icke innefattar flagon upprepning av losningsvarmebehandlingen. Alldeles .sarskilt am andamalet med uppfinningen .att skaffa ett forfaringssatt, varigenom sadana legeringars plastieitet 2- - kan okas utan vasentlig inverkan ph legeringens slutliga hardhet och hallfasthet. De,t specifika andamalet med uppfinningen fir att skaffa ett fOrfaringssatt, som kan tillampas yid bearbetning av aluminiumlegeringar, yilka sjalvaldrat efter losningsvarmebehandling och hastig avkylning. I sjalva verket är andamalet 'fled den har beskrivna varmebehandlingen att bringa ett aldringshardat fOremal frarnstallt av sjfilvhfirdbar aluminiumlegering i ett fysikaliskt tillstand, som ar vasentligen likvardigt med det, vilket radde omedelbart efter det att foremalet hade avkylts fran losningsternpera turen. Andra andamal skola framga av foljande beskrivning av uppfinningen. An object of this invention is to provide a method for improving the machining properties of aging hardened alloys. It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved pre-set, whereby alloys can be made more plastic after heat-dissipation treatment and aging hardening, which pre-set does not involve flawed repetition of the heat-heat treatment. In particular, the object of the invention is to provide a process set, whereby the plasticity of such alloys 2- - can be increased without a significant effect on the final hardness and half-strength of the alloy. The specific object of the invention is to provide a process which can be applied to the machining of aluminum alloys, which are self-selected after heat dissipation treatment and rapid cooling. In fact, the spirit of the heat treatment described above is to bring an aging hardened article made of a soluble aluminum alloy in a physical state which is substantially equivalent to that which occurred immediately after the object had cooled from the discharge temperature. Other aspects will become apparent from the following description of the invention.
Det har upptackts, att sjalvhardande legeringars formningsegenskaper kunna i hOg grad forbattras, orn metallen efter hardningen eller aldringen under en kort tid fore formningen utsattes fiir en extra varmebehandling vid en temperatur obetydligt under den temperatur, vid vilken legeringen normalt utglodaas samt diirefter hastigt avkyles. Temperaturen och tiden fiir behandlingen v-arierar naturligtvis med beskaffenheten av den sarskilda legering, som behandlas, men yid de fiesta aluminiumlegeringar bor behandlingen ske exempelvis yid en temperatur ay frail 225° C till 300° C och bor fortga under en period ay fran nagra sekunder till hogst 5 minuter. Efter en sadan behandling kan metallen formas med i huvudsak samma latthet som omedelbart efter avkylningen fran temperaturen for losningsvarmebehandlingen. Dessutom catervinner legeringen yid en fornyad aldring efter namnda behandling i huvudsak samma fysikaliska egenskaper, som den bade fore utforandet av forfaringssattet enligt uppfinningen. It has been found that the molding properties of self-hardening alloys can be greatly improved if the metal after curing or aging for a short time before molding is subjected to an additional heat treatment at a temperature insignificantly below the temperature at which the alloy is normally annealed and then rapidly cooled. The temperature and time of the treatment vary, of course, with the nature of the particular alloy being treated, but in most aluminum alloys the treatment should take place, for example, at a temperature of from 225 ° C to 300 ° C and should continue for a period of from a few seconds. to a maximum of 5 minutes. After such treatment, the metal can be formed with substantially the same lightness as immediately after cooling from the temperature of the heat dissipation treatment. In addition, the catheter gains by renewed aging after said treatment essentially the same physical properties as it did before carrying out the process set according to the invention.
Uppfinningen skall beskrivas noggrannare med hanvisning till foljande prov. Proystycken av aluminiumlegering innehallande 3,95 koppar, 0,55 % mangan, 0,54 % magnesium, 0,51kisel och 0,45 % jam utsattes for den vanliga losningsvarmebehandlingstemperaturen och avkyldes hastigt i kohl yatten. De uppvisade da en flytgrans av 12,76 kg/min, en draghallfasthet av 34,16 kg/nun" och en tanj- barhet av 23,Efter denna behandling lingo provstyckena sta. under 4 dagar yid rumstemperatur. Vid slutet av denna tid befunnos provstyckena hava egenskaper, som gjorde dein praktiskt taget obearbetbara genom formningsprocesser, i det att deras flytgrans var 26,51 kg/inin", deras draghallfasthet 45,44 kg/innf och dents tfinjbarhet 21,9 %. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following tests. Aluminum alloy nozzles containing 3.95 copper, 0.55% manganese, 0.54% magnesium, 0.51 silicon and 0.45% iron were subjected to the usual solution heat treatment temperature and cooled rapidly in the coal. They then exhibited a yield strength of 12.76 kg / min, a tensile strength of 34.16 kg / n the test pieces have properties which made them practically unworkable by molding processes, in that their yield strength was 26.51 kg / inin ", their tensile strength 45.44 kg / innf and their finability 21.9%.
Ett av provstyckena upphettades darefter under en period av '/ minut i ett saltbad, som hade en temperatur av 250° C, on avkyldes sedan hastigt till vanlig temperatur. Genom denna behandling minskades flytgransen till 14,81 kg/nun2 och draghallfastheten till 35,97 kg/mm' saint okades tanjbarheten till 22,5 c,7. One of the specimens was then heated for a period of 1 minute in a salt bath having a temperature of 250 ° C, then cooled rapidly to normal temperature. By this treatment the yield strength was reduced to 14.81 kg / nun2 and the tensile strength to 35.97 kg / mm 2 saint increased the extensibility to 22.5 c, 7.
Dessa egenskaper von), approximativt desamma som provstyckenas omedelbart efter losningsvarmebehandlingen, vilka gjorde legeringen relativt latt att bearbeta. These properties are approximately the same as those of the specimens immediately after the heat of treatment, which made the alloy relatively easy to process.
Provstycket lick sedan stâ yid rumstemperatur under fyra dagar, och prov visade, att dess flytgrans ater hade stigit till 26,93 kg/mm", .dess draghaIlfasthet till 45,28 kg/min' och dess tfinjbarhet bade sjunkit till 20,8 %, vilket visade att provstycket hade hardats gemorn aldring efter dess 12-minutsbehandling vid 250° C och att del hade i huyudisak samma egenskaper som proystyckena efter den hardning genom aldring, som f6ljde pa losningsvarmebehandlingen. The test piece was then allowed to stand at room temperature for four days, and tests showed that its yield strength had risen to 26.93 kg / mm 2. , which showed that the specimen had hardened due to its 12-minute treatment at 250 ° C and that the part had essentially the same properties as the specimens after the hardening by aging following the heat dissipation treatment.
Andra provstycken behandlades pa liknande satt vid samma temperatur under olika perioder, och resultaten kunna angivas i tabellform pa foljande salt: Egenskaper hos provstycken efter losningsvarmehehandling och hastig avkylning. Other specimens were similarly treated at the same temperature for different periods, and the results can be tabulated on the following salt: Properties of specimens after heat dissipation and rapid cooling.
FlytgransDraghialfasthetTiinjbarhet 12,7G kg/mm'34,16 kg/mm'93, Egenskaper hos provstycken efter losningsvarrnebehandling, hastig avkylning och fyra dagars aldring vid rumstemperatur. Buoyancy strengthDraghialfastnessTineability 12.7G kg / mm'34.16 kg / mm'93, Properties of test pieces after de-icing treatment, rapid cooling and four days aging at room temperature.
FlytgriinsDraghallfastbetTiinjbarhet 26,51 kg/mm'45,44 kg/mm'21,0 Egenskaper hos ovannamnda varmebehandlade och aldrade provstycken efter behandling vid 250° C. Floating gritDraghallfastbetTiinjbarhet 26.51 kg / mm'45,44 kg / mm'21.0 Properties of the above-mentioned heat-treated and aged specimens after treatment at 250 ° C.
Draghallfasthet T'aij barrhe-t 35,97 kg/mm' 22,5 !.; 35,74 kg/mm' 22.3 35,96 kg/mm= 20,3 35,47 kg/mm 15, Egenskaper hos yarmebehandlade och aldrade provstycken efter behandling vid 250° C och ytterligare f.y,ra dagars ldring. Tensile strength T'aij barrhe-t 35.97 kg / mm '22.5!.; 35.74 kg / mm '22.3 35.96 kg / mm = 20.3 35.47 kg / mm 15, Properties of heat-treated and aged specimens after treatment at 250 ° C and further four days of aging.
Tani- Tid for behandlingFlytgransDragh511fasthet harhet vid 250' C '/2 minut 26,93 kg/mm' 45,28 kg/mm' 20,8 1 minut 26,79 kg/mm' 45,07 kg/mm' 20,0 2 minuter 27,70 k-gimm2 44,66 kg/mm' 19, 4 minuter 27,95 kg/mm' 42,33 kg/min2 15,% Proven utvisa, att for den sarskilda beskrivna legeringen en sankning av flytgransen och draghallfastheten for den aldringshardade legeringen kan astadkommas, om den upphettas till en temperatur av Indian 225° C och 300° C, och de visa vidare, att behandlingen kan fortsatta under perioder upp till 5 minuter. Emellertid minskas tanjbarheten genom behandlingen, om legeringen upphettas under lfingre perioder, och pa grund harav kan lege- Tid far behandling yid 250' C 112 minut 14,80 kg/mm' 1 minut 15,54 kg/mm' 2 minuter 17,82 kg/mm' 4 minuter 20,78 kg/mm' FlytgrZnis — —3 ringen bast begagnas i tillverkningen efter en behandling mellan dessa temperaturer varande fran omkring 15 sekunder till omkring 2 minuter, foretradesvis en minut eller pindre. Om legeringen upphettas under en period av over 4 minuter, synes den forlorn sin formaga att hardas genom aldring efter behandlingen och atervinner darf or icke den hallfasthet och hardhet, som den hade sasom en aldringshardad: legering fire behandlingen. Tani- Time for treatmentFloating spruceDragh511fastness hardness at 250 'C' / 2 minutes 26.93 kg / mm '45.28 kg / mm' 20.8 1 minute 26.79 kg / mm '45.07 kg / mm' 20.0 2 minutes 27.70 k-gimm2 44.66 kg / mm '19, 4 minutes 27.95 kg / mm' 42.33 kg / min2 15,% The tests show that for the specially described alloy a decrease in the yield strength and tensile strength for the aging hardened alloy can be achieved if it is heated to a temperature of Indian 225 ° C and 300 ° C, and they further show that the treatment can be continued for periods of up to 5 minutes. However, the extensibility is reduced by the treatment, if the alloy is heated for longer periods, and due to this, the time of treatment may be 250 ° C 112 minutes 14.80 kg / mm '1 minute 15.54 kg / mm 2 minutes 17.82 kg / mm 4 minutes 20.78 kg / mm If the alloy is heated for a period of more than 4 minutes, it appears to be able to harden by aging after the treatment and does not regain the half-strength and hardness which it had as an aging-hardened alloy.
Andra sjalvhardande aluminiumlegeringar aro valkanda for fackmannen ph omradet. Man att begransa omfanget av uppfinningen kunna t. ex. namnas aluminiumlegeringar innehallande avsevarda mangder magnesium och kisel. Uppfinningen har med framgang anvants pa en aluminiumlegering av denna beskaffenhet innehallande approximativi 0,7 % kisel, 1,25 % magnesium och 0,2. krom, varvid aterstoden var aluminium innehallande de vanliga fororeningarna. Som ovan sagts är det tydligt, att sattet al- tilllampbart pa varje sjalvhardande aluminiumlegering oavsett mangden eller arten av (less tillsatta legeringsbestandsdelar. Other self-hardening aluminum alloys are a choice for those skilled in the art. One can limit the scope of the invention to e.g. are called aluminum alloys containing significant amounts of magnesium and silicon. The invention has been successfully used on an aluminum alloy of this nature containing approximately 0.7% silicon, 1.25% magnesium and 0.2%. chromium, the residue being aluminum containing the usual impurities. As stated above, it is clear that the set is fully applicable to any self-hardening aluminum alloy, regardless of the amount or nature of (less added alloying components).
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE123726T |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE123726C1 true SE123726C1 (en) | 1948-01-01 |
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ID=38399504
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE123726D SE123726C1 (en) |
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| Country | Link |
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| SE (1) | SE123726C1 (en) |
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